Introduction to the StudentWelcome to Reviewing Chemistry This workbook is designed to strengthen your knowledge of the NSCS National Science Content Standards and provide additional cha
Trang 1Reviewing Chemistry
Student Edition
Trang 2Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc All rights reserved Permission is granted to reproduce material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and families without
charge; and be used solely in conjunction with Chemistry: Matter and Change Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is
prohibited without written permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Chemistry: Matter and Change Program.
The Princeton Review is not affiliated with Princeton University or Educational Testing Service.
Trang 3Student Introduction iv
CHAPTER REVIEW QUESTIONS Chapter 1: Introduction to Chemistry 1
Chapter 2: Data Analysis 3
Chapter 3: Matter—Properties and Changes 5
Chapter 4: The Structure of the Atom 7
Chapter 5: Electrons in Atoms 9
Chapter 6: The Periodic Table and Periodic Law 11
Chapter 7: The Elements 13
Chapter 8: Ionic Compounds 15
Chapter 9: Covalent Bonding 17
Chapter 10: Chemical Reactions 19
Chapter 11: The Mole 21
Chapter 12: Stoichiometry 23
Chapter 13: States of Matter 25
Chapter 14: Gases 27
Chapter 15: Solutions 29
Chapter 16: Energy and Chemical Change 31
Chapter 17: Reaction Rates 33
Chapter 18: Chemical Equilibrium 35
Chapter 19: Acids and Bases 37
Chapter 20: Redox Reactions 39
Chapter 21: Electrochemistry 41
Chapter 22: Hydrocarbons 43
Chapter 23: Substituted Hydrocarbons and Their Reactions 45
Chapter 24: The Chemistry of Life 47
Chapter 25: Nuclear Chemistry 49
Chapter 26: Chemistry in the Environment 51
Trang 4Introduction to the Student
Welcome to Reviewing Chemistry
This workbook is designed to strengthen your knowledge of the NSCS (National
Science Content Standards) and provide additional chapter content review of your
Glencoe textbook, Chemistry: Matter and Change.
For each chapter in the Glencoe textbook, Chemistry: Matter and Change, two pages
of chapter review questions have been provided These questions are designed to test
your comprehension of chapter content and provide you with practice in the related skills
specified in the NSCS All of the questions are in a multiple-choice format.
Your teacher will provide you with copies of an answer sheet to use when answering
the questions provided for each chapter of your textbook To keep track of your answers,
you should always fill in the chapter number for the set of review questions you are
answering Every chapter has between eight and eleven review questions, so not every
row of answer bubbles will always be used.
Remember, this workbook should not be used as an alternative to reviewing the
material in your textbook The questions are designed to ensure that you are fully tested
on the NSCS objectives that relate to chemistry This workbook will be of greatest
advantage to you when used as a “refresher” after you have reviewed each chapter in the
textbook Your teacher should decide how this workbook could best be used to strengthen
your skills and overall knowledge of chemistry.
Trang 5Name: Date:
Use the label below to answer question 1.
in cereal?
A Fat
freezing point of an unknown chemical, you record
the temperature every minute for 20 minutes In this
example, time is the —
on Earth than they did on the moon because Earth has a greater —
chicken soup that he suspects might contain poison
Which type of chemist would most likely assist him
in determining the contents of the soup?
nature?
*Percent Daily Values are based on a 2000-Calorie diet.
Your daily values may be higher or lower, depending on
your Calorie needs.
Carbohydrate 16% 18%
Potassium 6% 12%
Sodium 0% 3%
Fat 2% 2%
Nutrient % Daily Value* % Daily Value*
Cereal (59 g)
Cereal with Nonfat Milk (250 mL)
Nutrition Facts
Chapter Title TK
Introduction to Chemistry
This question covers NSCS A1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 3.
This question covers NSCS A1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook
on page 12.
This question covers NSCS B2 and D1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 8.
This question covers NSCS F5 and F6 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 9.
This question covers NSCS F3 and F4 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 5.
Trang 66 In the chemistry lab, chemicals that you are finished
working with should be —
container
sightings in suburban areas has increased over the
last four years In the process of forming a
hypothesis as to why this number has increased, she
would —
was observed
should NEVER be heated with a Bunsen burner?
particles that make up matter
in a court of law
life forms
conditioners and refrigerators
determine the effects of Chemical X on the growth
of bacteria Which is the control?
Test Tube 1
Test Tube 2
Test Tube 3
Test Tube 4
2
CHAPTER 1 Introduction to Chemistry, continued
Reviewing Chemistry Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS F3 and F5 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 16.
This question covers NSCS A1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 11.
This question covers NSCS F3 and F5 This question
tests the material that was covered in the textbook
on page 16.
This question covers NSCS A2 and E1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 14.
This question covers NSCS A1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 12.
Trang 7Name: Date:
Use the graph below to answer questions 1
and 2.
number of grams of sodium nitrate that can be
approximate number of grams of sodium nitrate thatcan be dissolved at a temperature of 90ºC?
density of a rectangular piece of aluminum Aftercareful measurement, he recorded a mass of 31.44 g
answer to report for the density of the aluminum?
This question covers NSCS A1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 45.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 45.
Trang 8Use the table below to answer questions
4 and 5.
students during a lab investigation designed to
determine the boiling point of methanol The
accepted value for the boiling point of methanol is
78.5ºC Whose data was the most accurate?
tablespoons of peanut oil If she wants to triple therecipe, which conversion factor would be helpful?
A B C D
vitamin C every day What is this mass expressed ingrams?
3 tablespoons
2 teaspoons
3 teaspoons
1 tablespoon
Group A Group B Group C Group D
Boiling Point Data Collected by Student Groups
79°C81.8°C
75°C
83°C 78.5°C78.8°C
80°C80.5°C 79.5°C
80°C
4
CHAPTER 2 Data Analysis, continued
Reviewing Chemistry Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS A1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 36.
This question covers NSCS A1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 36.
This question covers NSCS A1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 34.
This question covers NSCS A1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 26–34.
This question covers NSCS A1 and B2.
This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 31.
Trang 9Name: Date:
Matter—Properties and Changes
compounds: baking soda and sodium bicarbonate
Because they have the same percent by mass, they
must be the same compound according to the —
compound, then the mass of carbon in 200.00 g of
baking soda should be —
absorption of heat energy?
arranged in a horizontal row is called a —
liquid
tendency to be drawn across a surface
substance from a solution containing thedissolved substance
differences in their boiling points
Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass
Baking Soda Analysis
Element Analysis by Mass % by Mass
Sodium Bicarbonate Analysis
This question covers NSCS B2 and C5 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 75.
This question covers NSCS B2 and C5 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 75.
This question covers NSCS B6 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 61.
This question covers NSCS B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 70.
This question covers NSCS B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 69.
Trang 10Use the diagram below to answer questions 6
and 7.
a chemical reaction The name and mass of each
substance involved in the chemical reaction are also
shown Which of these are the reactants?
is neither created nor destroyed in any process On
the basis of this law, what mass of water was
produced in this reaction?
physical properties or chemical properties Which ofthe following is a chemical property?
Use the diagrams below to answer question 9.
closed container Which of these shows the substancethat is most easily compressed?
58.5 g
NaCl
sodium chloride
This question covers NSCS B3 and B6 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 62.
This question covers NSCS B3 and B5 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 63–65.
This question covers NSCS B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 56–58.
This question covers NSCS B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 58–59.
Trang 11Name: Date:
Use the diagram below to answer question 1.
which uranium-238 emits an alpha particle How
many protons and neutrons will the daughter
lead (Pb) in some ancient artifacts What is the
Which property is used to name the isotopes?
average mass of the isotopes of that element Based
on this definition, which of these does NOT showthe correct atomic mass for an element?
99.985 0.015 98.90 1.09 0.01 98.90 0.038 0.200 69.17 30.83
Element
hydrogen carbon
8
29
Isotope
hydrogen-1 hydrogen-2 carbon-12 carbon-13 carbon-14 oxygen-16 oxygen-17 oxygen-18 copper-63 copper-65
Atomic mass
of isotope
1.01 amu 2.01 amu 12.00 amu 13.00 amu 14.00 amu 15.99 amu 17.00 amu 18.00 amu 62.94 amu 64.93 amu
helium-4 nucleus (alpha particle)
2 n
+ + + +
+ +
+ +
+ +
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 106.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 100.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 104.
This question covers NSCS B1 and G2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 105.
Trang 12Use the diagram below to answer question 5.
experiment in which he used a radioactive source to
“shoot” alpha particles at a thin sheet of gold foil
Based on these results, what were Rutherford’s
conclusions?
negative charges scattered throughout
negatively charged electrons scattered
throughout
dense, positively charged centers
dense, negatively charged centers
the following revolutionary inventions?
Use the diagram below to answer question 7.
gamma rays are affected by two electrically chargedplates Based on the paths the rays follow, what are therespective charges of alpha, beta, and gamma rays?
Democritus’s ideas about the atom This rejectionwas most likely based on —
radioactive substancelead shield
+
+ +
+ +
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 106.
This question covers NSCS A2 and B1 This
question tests the material that was covered in
the textbook on page 95.
This question covers NSCS B1 and G2.
This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 89.
This question covers NSCS E1 and E2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 92–93.
Trang 13Name: Date:
In question 1, the speed of light, c, equals
3.00 108m/s.
frequency of this yellow light?
Use the diagram below to answer question 2.
energy is released and a violet color is produced.This energy release is due to —
levels
levels
In question 4, Planck’s constant, h, equals
6.626 10–34J.s
energy of a photon if it has a frequency of
This question covers NSCS B4 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 119–121.
This question covers NSCS A1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
Trang 145 Which of these is the ground-state electron
configuration for an atom of fluorine (atomic
electron-dot structure for iron?
A
B
C
D
chlorine atom in the ground state? Chlorine has anatomic number of 17
A
B
C
D
element determines the chemical properties of thatelement Our present-day understanding of howelectrons are arranged in an atom is the result of all
of these scientific contributions EXCEPT —
the existence of the nucleus
quantized energy states
electrons as both particles and waves
atomic orbitals
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p1s 2s 2p 3s 3p1s 2s 2p
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 135–139.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 137.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 140–141.
This question covers NSCS B1 and G2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 127–132.
Trang 15Name: Date:
Use the graph below to answer questions 1–3.
relative ability of its atoms to attract electrons to
form chemical bonds According to the graph, as you
move across a period in the periodic table —
elements has the strongest attraction for electrons?
elements with atomic numbers 2, 10, and 18?
because they are gases
because they are rare
because they are radioactive
because their electron configurations are very stable
C dull
have similar chemical properties because they have —
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 169.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 169.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 169.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 155–158.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2.
This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 159.
Trang 16Use the graph below to answer questions
6 and 7.
elements with atomic numbers 3–20 According to
the graph, what is the approximate first ionization
energy for the element with atomic number 16?
the same group in the periodic table As you move
down a group —
ionization energy increases
ionization energy decreases
ionization energy increases
ionization energy decreases
where he thought elements that had not yet beendiscovered should go He was able to predict theproperties of these elements by —
density, and valence
known elements that surrounded the blankspaces in the periodic table
radioactive decay
Use the diagram below to answer question 9.
divided into blocks representing the energy sublevelbeing filled with valence electrons In the periodictable shown in the diagram, which sequence lists
these blocks in s-p-d-f order?
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B1 and B6 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 167–168.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B6 This question
tests the material that was covered in the textbook
on page 168.
This question covers NSCS B1 and G2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 153.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B6 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook
on pages 160–162.
Trang 17Name: Date:
Use the diagram below to answer question 1.
neutrons produced during nuclear fission Heavy
water contains deuterium, an isotope of hydrogen
What is the mass number of deuterium?
the time Mendeleev conceived his periodic table
Eventually, these gases were discovered on Earth in
the late 1890s What group does this family occupy
in the modern periodic table?
essentially a mixture of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen(21%) In order to avoid a painful condition calledthe “bends,” deep-sea divers replace the nitrogenwith the noble gas —
Use the diagram below to answer question 4.
to and has a diagonal relationship with —
2 Be Mg
1 2
Protium Deuterium Tritium
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 180.
This question covers NSCS B1 and G2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 196.
This question covers NSCS B1 and F5 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 196.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 180–181.
Trang 185 Iron is to hemoglobin as magnesium is to —
attracted to a magnetic field Which of these
elements is NOT able to form a permanent magnet?
the periodic table, which of the following happens?
positively charged nucleus
negatively charged nucleus
charged nucleus
charged nucleus
make a new aluminum can than to process a recycledone The main reason for this difference is that—
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 184–185 and 200.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 199.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question
tests the material that was covered in the textbook
on page 180.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 180.
This question covers NSCS B6 and F6 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 180.
Trang 19Use the diagram below to answer question 2.
a metallic solid Scientists believe that electrons in
the outer energy levels of the bonding metallic atoms
are free to move from one atom to the next Because
they are free to move, these electrons are often
Use the table below to answer question 4.
compounds Based on these data, which of thesecompounds would require the most energy toseparate the bonded ions?
–769–671–1030–3795
+
-+
+
+ +
+ + +
+ + +
+ + +
-
-
-
-
+
-positive ion electron
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 212.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B5 This question
tests the material that was covered in the textbook
Trang 20Use the diagram below to answer question 5.
that —
exothermic reaction
combine to form salt (NaCl), an ionic crystal isformed The Na+ ion is smaller than the Na atom,while the Cl– ion is larger than the Cl atom Why?
gained an electron
atom lost an electron
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B2 and B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 217–218.
This question covers NSCS B3 and B6 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 218.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 222–223.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2.
This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 213 and 222.
Trang 21Name: Date:
a covalent bond According to this definition, which
of these is NOT a molecule?
B H2
D NH3
Use the table below to answer question 2.
binary covalent compounds What name would be
coordinate covalent bond between nitrogen andhydrogen involves —
nitrogen
hydrogen
shared with nitrogen
shared with hydrogen
covalent bond is formed Which of these formulas is
the best way to express this relationship?
A B
C
F H
hepta-octa-nona-deca-
Prefix
12345
di-tri-tetra-penta-
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 242.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question
tests the material that was covered in the textbook
Trang 225 At room temperature, iodine (I2) is a solid and
different melting points because of stronger —
Use the diagram below to answer question 6.
normal carbon atom and the rearrangement of
electrons to form four new identical orbits in a
hybridized carbon atom This type of hybrid orbital
This question covers NSCS B2 and B4 This question
tests the material that was covered in the textbook
on page 266.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B6 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 261–262.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 250.
This question covers NSCS B4 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 264.
Trang 23Name: Date:
Refer to the diagram below to answer
questions 1–6.
reaction Which of these are the reactants?
violates the law of conservation of mass Which of
these is the correct balanced chemical equation?
solutions Which of these is the complete ionicequation for this chemical reaction?
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 278–279.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 280–281.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 284–291.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 293–299.
Trang 245 Which of these is a spectator ion in this chemical
placed in water
as it reacts with it
Use the diagram below to answer question 8.
metals (left) and nonmetals (right) A student set upfour beakers, each containing 100 mL of dilutehydrochloric acid (HCl[aq]) She added 5 g of ametal to each beaker in this order: aluminum (Al),copper (Cu), sodium (Na), and zinc (Zn) Whichmetal will NOT react with the acid?
Increasing ease of discharge
OH I Br Cl
NO3
SO4
Increasing ease of discharge
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 293.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
page 293.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 277–278.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 287–288.
Trang 25Name: Date:
is the empirical formula for this compound?
A X6Y
B XY3
C X2Y
D XY2
corrosion What is the mass, in grams, of 0.0650
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 320.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 331.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 315.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 313.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 311.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook
on page 338.
Trang 267 Indium (In) is a relatively rare element
that never occurs as a free metal It is
usually found in a compound that contains 70.48%
In and 29.52% S What is the empirical formula for
a crucible After heating, 3.7 g of anhydrous
the formula for the hydrate?
C Na2CO3•8H2O
D Na2CO3•10H2O
matches What is the percent by mass of potassium
grams of 2.75 moles of sodium hydrogen carbonate?
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 331–332.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 323.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 328–329.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 313.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on page 339.
Trang 27Stoichiometry
decoxide by combining X grams of phosphorus with
sufficient oxygen to react completely with the
phosphorus If he wants to determine the amount of
tetraphosphorus decoxide that will be produced, all
of the following need to be answered before
initiating the experiment EXCEPT —
reaction?
excess reactant?
atoms and oxygen molecules will be combined
aluminum and bromine to form aluminum bromide
Which of these is NOT a mole ratio for this
reaction?
Use the graph below to answer question 4.
be determined given the number of reactants andproducts of a chemical reaction If this trendcontinues, how many mole ratios can be formed with
a chemical reaction that has a sum of eight reactantsand products?
chemical reaction because —
reactant is consumed
reactant is consumed
unequal amounts of reactants
reactants are used
Number of Species in Equation
100806040200
Number of Mole Ratios per Number of Reactants and Products
This question covers NSCS A1 and B2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 354–357 and 364.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2.
This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 354.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B2 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 356–357.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 356–357.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 368–369.
Trang 28Use the graph below to answer question 6.
relationships between amounts of —
relative to time
periodic table is most necessary in order to computethe mass of a given molecule?
the molecule
each element
element in the molecule
one mole of propane gas is burned How many moles
of carbon dioxide will be produced if 30 moles ofpropane gas are burned?
chemist wrote down the following equation on a
equation is NOT correct because —
the equation
side of the equation
equation
greater number of atoms than the left side
Chemistry: Matter and Change
This question covers NSCS A1 and B3 This
question tests the material that was covered in the
textbook on pages 370–371.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests
the material that was covered in the textbook on
pages 353–354.
This question covers NSCS B1 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 354–355.
This question covers NSCS B1 and B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on pages 358–359.
This question covers NSCS B3 This question tests the material that was covered in the textbook on page 363.