ĐÁP án đề THI TIN học CHUYÊN NGÀNH máy tàu BIỂN 2

function bai1

a=input('Hay nhap so xap xi a= ');

dentaa1=input('Hay nhap sai so tuyet doi gioi han : ');

('Sai so tuong doi gioi han la:'),dentaa1/a

Bµi 2

function bai2

a=input('Hay nhap so xap xi:');

dentaa1=input('Hay nhap sai so tuyet doi gioi han:');

b=num2str(a,10);

n=size(b);

k=n(2)+1;

i=1;

%Xac dinh trong chu so a co phai la chu so thap phan khong while (i<n(2)) & (b(i)~='.')

i=i+1;

end

if b(i)=='.'

k=i;

end

i=1;

%Xac dinh cac chu so co nghia

while b(i)==0

i=i+1;

end

disp(('Cac chu so co nghia la:'))

while (i<=n(2))

if b(i)~='.'

disp(b(i))

end

i=i+1;

end

% xac dinh cac chu so dang tin

i=1;

if dentaa1<1/2*10^(k-i-1)

disp(('Cac chu so dang tin la:'))

while (i<n(2)) & (dentaa1<=1/2*10^(k-i-1))

if dentaa1 <= 1/2* 10^(k-i-1)

if b(i)~='.'

disp(b(i))

end

end

i=i+1;

end

else

disp('Khong co chu so nao la chu so dang tin ca')

end

%Xac dinh cac chu so nghi ngo

if dentaa1 > 1/2*10^(k-i-1)

disp(('Cac chu so nghi ngo la:'))

for j=(i):n(2)

if b(j)~='.'

disp(b(j))

end

end

else

disp('Khong co chu so nao la chu so nghi ngo ca')

end

Bµi 3

unction bai3

a=input('Nhap so xap xi a:');

b=num2str(a,10);

n=size(b);

i=n(2);

% Thu tuc xac dinh cac chu so co nghia

while (i>0) & (b(i)~='0')

i=i-1;

end

k=i;

t=true;

% Thu tuc nhap vij tri so can lam tron

while t==true

d=input('Nhap thu tu chu so co nghia ma ta muon lam tron:');

if (d >= k) & (d <=n(2))

t=false;

end

end

i=1;

h=n(2)+1;

s=n(2);

% Thu tuc xac dinh xem a co phai la so thap phan khong

while (i<n(2)) & (b(i)~='.')

i=i+1;

end

if b(i)=='.'

h=i;

s=n(2)-1;

end

disp('So can lam tron la:');

% Thu tuc xac dinh vi chinh xac cua so dung sau so can lam tron

if (d==s)

m=0;

else

if d+1==h

m=str2num(b(d+2));

else

m=str2num(b(d+1));

end

end

% Xet truong hop viec lam tron duoc thuc hien truoc dau phay

if d < h

for i=d+1:(h-1)

b(i)='0';

end

if m >= 5

disp(num2str(str2num(b(1:(h-1)))+1*10^(h-d-1)));

else

disp(b(1:(h-1)));

end

end

% Xet truong hop lam tron duoc thuc hien sau dau phay

if d >= h

if m>=5

disp(num2str(str2num(b(1:(d+1)))+1*10^(h-d-1)));

else

disp(b(1:(d+1)));

end

end

Bµi 4

function bai4;

d=input('Nhap so xap xi d cua duong kinh hinh tron:');

dentad1=-1;

while dentad1 < 0

dentad1=input('Nhap sai so tuyet doi gioi han cua d:');

end

disp('Sai so tuyet doi gioi han cua the tich hinh cau la:');

dentav1 = (d^3)*0.0016/6 + (3.14*(d^2)*dentad1)/2;

disp(dentav1);

disp('Sai so tuong doi gioi han cua the tich hinh cau la:');

xicmav=dentav1/(1/6*3.14*d^3);

disp(xicmav);

Bµi 5

unction bai5

n=input('Nhap so cac so xap xi:');

t=true;

while t==true

k=0;

for i=1:n

x(i)=input(['Nhap so xap xi x',num2str(i),': ']);

k=k+x(i);

end

if k~=0

t=false;

else

disp('Ban nen nhap lai cac so xap xi:');

end

end

z=x;

% Thu tuc nay xac dinh so mu cua so chu so cuoi cung trong so xap xi

for i=1:n

b=num2str(z(i));

c=size(b);

h=c(2);

j=1;

% Thu tuc nay xac dinh dau , cua chu so xap xi o vij tri nao

while (j<c(2)) & (b(j)~='.')

j=j+1;

end

if b(j)=='.'

h=j;

end

m(i)=h-c(2);

end

dentaf=0;

for i=1:n

dentaf=dentaf+(1/2)*10^m(i);

end

disp(['Sai so tuyet doi gioi han cua tong dai so la:',num2str(dentaf)]);

disp(['Sai so tuong doi gioi han cua tong dai so la:',num2str(dentaf/abs(k))]);

Bµi 6

function bai6

n=input('Nhap so cac so xap xi:');

k=0;

for i=1:n

x(i)=input(['Nhap so xap xi x',num2str(i),': ']);

k=k+x(i);

end

z=x;

% Thu tuc nay xac dinh so mu cua so chu so cuoi cung trong so xap xi for i=1:n

b=num2str(z(i));

c=size(b);

h=c(2);

j=1;

% Thu tuc nay xac dinh dau , cua chu so xap xi o vi tri nao

while (j<c(2)) & (b(j)~='.')

j=j+1;

end

if b(j)=='.'

h=j;

end

m(i)=h-c(2);

%m(i) la bien xac dinh so mu cua chu so cuoi cung trong so xap xi

end

xicmau=0;

for i=1:n

xicmau=xicmau+ 10^m(i)/(2* x(i));

end

disp(['Sai so tuong doi gioi han cua tich la:',num2str(xicmau)]);

disp(['Sai so tuyet doi gioi han cua ich la:',num2str(xicmau*abs(k))]);

Bµi 7

function bai7

k=0;

t=true;

while t==true

for i=1:2

x(i)=input(['Nhap so xap xi x',num2str(i),': ']);

k=k+x(i);

end

if x(2)~=0

t=false;

end

end

z=x;

for i=1:2

b=num2str(z(i));

c=size(b);

h=c(2);

j=1;

% Thu tuc nay xac dinh dau , cua chu so xap xi o vi tri nao

while (j<c(2)) & (b(j)~='.')

j=j+1;

end

if b(j)=='.'

h=j;

end

m(i)=h-c(2);

%m(i) la bien xac dinh so mu cua chu so cuoi cung trong so xap xi end

xicmau=0;

for i=1:2

xicmau=xicmau+ 10^m(i)/(2* x(i));

end

disp(['Sai so tuong doi gioi han cua tich la:',num2str(xicmau)]);

disp(['Sai so tuyet doi gioi han cua ich la:',num2str(xicmau*abs(k))]);

Bµi 8

function bai8

x=input('Nhap day so X = ');

n=size(x);

y=input('Nhap so y = ');

i=1;

while (y~=x(i)) & (i < n(2))% chu y neu chi so cua X vuot qua chi so lon nhat cua no thi Mat lab se bao loi

i=i+1;

end

if (y <= n(2)) & (y ==x(i))

('y bang voi phan tu thu'),disp(i)

else

('Khong co phan tu nao trong day X bang y')

Bµi 9

function bai9

t=false;

while t==false % Chi thoat khoi vong lap khi t=true tuc la khong co phan tu nao trong day X bang nhau

x=input('Nhap day so X = ');

n=size(x);

i=1;

t=true; % Se bi thay doi khi co 2 phan tu cua X bang nhau

while (i<=n(2)-1) & (t==true)

j=i+1;

while (j<=n(2)) & (t==true)

if x(i)==x(j)

t=false; % khi t nhan gia tri false se thoat khoi vong lap

end

j=j+1;

end

i=i+1;

end

end

y=input('Nhap so y = ');

i=1;

% Xac dinh co pha tu nao trong day x bang y khong

while (y~=x(i)) & (i < n(2))% chu y neu chi so cua X vuot qua chi so lon nhat cua nos duoc khi bao thi Mat lab se bao loi

i=i+1;

end

if (y <= n(2)) & (y ==x(i))

disp(['y bang voi phan tu thu:',num2str(i)])

else

disp('Khong co phan tu nao trong day X bang y')

end

Bµi 10

function bai10

n=input('Nhap so phan tu cua day X:');

for i=1:n

t=true;

while t==true

x(i)=input(['Nhap x',num2str(i),':']);

j=1;

t=false;

while (t==false)&(j<i) % kiem tra xem co phan tu nao trong day x duoc nhap truoc bang voi xi khong

if x(j)==x(i) % Neu co gia tri bang thi gan cho t gia tri true de vong lap duoc tiep tuc

t=true;

end

j=j+1;

end

end

end

y=input('Nhap so y = ');

i=1;

% Xac dinh co pha tu nao trong day x bang y khong

while (y~=x(i)) & (i < n)% chu y neu chi so cua X vuot qua chi so lon nhat cua nos duoc khi bao thi Mat lab se bao loi

i=i+1;

end

if (y <= n) & (y ==x(i))

disp(['y bang voi phan tu thu:',num2str(i)])

else

disp('Khong co phan tu nao trong day X bang y')

end

Bµi 11

function bai11

x=input('Nhap day so X:');

y=input('Nhap so y:');

i=1;

n=size(x);

j=n(2);

while i<j

m=round((i+j)/2);

if y > x(m-1)

i=m;

else

j=m-1;

end

end

if x(i)==y

disp(['y bang voi phan tu thu ', num2str(i),' cua day so X'])

else

disp('Khong co phan tu nao trong day so X bang y')

end

Bµi 12

function bai12

n=input('Nhap so phan tu cua day so X:');

i=1;

while (i<=n)

s=true;

while s==true

x(i)=input(['Nhap x(',num2str(i),')=']);

if i > 1

if x(i)>= x(i-1)

s=false;

end

else

s=false;

end

end

i=i+1;

end

y=input('Nhap so y:');

i=1;

j=n;

while i<j

m=round((i+j)/2);

if y > x(m-1)

i=m;

else

j=m-1;

end

end

if x(i)==y

disp(['y bang voi phan tu thu ', num2str(i),' cua day so X']) else

disp('Khong co phan tu nao trong day so X bang y')

end

Bµi 13

function bai13

n=input('Nhap so phan tu day so X:');

for i=1:n

x(i)=input('Nhap phan tu cua X:');

end

y=input('Nhap so y:');

for i=1:(n-1)

for j=1:n-i

if x(j) > x(j+1)

m=x(j+1);

x(j+1)=x(j);

x(j)=m;

end

end

end

disp(' Day so X sau khi sap xep')

disp(x)

i=1;

j=n;

while i<j

m=round((i+j)/2);

if y > x(m-1)

i=m;

else

j=m-1;

end

end

if x(i)==y

disp(['y bang voi phan tu thu ', num2str(i),' cua day so X']) else

disp('Khong co phan tu nao trong day so X bang y')

end

Bai 14

function bai14

% tao mang x la mang chua trong so cac canh

x(6,6)=0;

x(1,2)=input('Nhap trong so cach [a,b]:');

x(2,1)=x(1,2);

x(1,3)=input('Nhap trong so canh [a,c]:');

x(3,1)=x(1,3);

x(1,5)=input('Nhap trong so canh [a,e]:');

x(5,1)=x(1,5);

x(2,3)=input('Nhap trong so canh [b,c]:');

x(3,2)=x(2,3);

x(2,5)=input('Nhap trong so canh [b,e]:');

x(5,2)=x(2,5);

x(2,6)=input('Nhap trong so canh [b,z]:');

x(6,2)=x(2,6);

x(3,4)=input('Nhap trong so canh [c,d]:');

x(4,3)=x(3,4);

x(4,5)=input('Nhap trong so canh [d,e]:');

x(5,4)=x(4,5);

x(5,6)=input('Nhap trong so canh [e,z]:');

x(6,5)=x(5,6);

for i=1:5

for j=(i+1):6

if x(i,j)==0

x(i,j)=inf;

x(j,i)=inf;

end

end

end

% Tim kiem duong di ngan nhat

% s la tap dac biet, u la tap chua cac dinh khong thuoc tap s

% l la nhan cua mot dinh

s=[1];

u=[2,3,4,5,6];

t=false;

l(1)=0;

for i=2:6

l(i)=inf;

end

while t==false

n=size(s);

m=size(u);

min=1;

for i=1:m(2)

% doi nhan cho mot dinh

if l(u(i)) > (l(s(n(2)))+ x(s(n(2)),u(i)))

l(u(i))=(l(s(n(2)))+ x(s(n(2)),u(i)));

% day la bien ghi nho dinh noi voi dinh duoc doi nhan

k(u(i))=s(n(2));

end

% tim kiem dinh co nhan nho nhat

if l(u(min)) > l(u(i))

min=i;

end

end

% kiem tra xem dinh z thuoc tap s chua

if u(min)==6

t=true;

end

% cho dinh z vao tap s va loai ra khoi tap u s=[s,u(min)];

u(:,min)=[];

end

m=size(k);

n=m(2);

t=false;

C='abcde';

q='z';

% thu tuc xuat trinh ket qua

while t==false

n=k(n);

q=[q,',',C(n)];

if n==1

t=true;

end

end

disp(['Duong di ngan nhat la: ',q])

Bµi 15

function bai15

C='abcdez';

a=input('Nhap ten dinh khoi dau duong di:'); z=input('Nhap ten dinh ket thuc duong di:'); for i=1:6

if C(i)==a

a1=i;

end

end

for i=1:6

if C(i)==z

z1=i;

end

end

% tao mang x la mang chua trong so cac canh x(6,6)=0;

x(1,2)=input('Nhap trong so cach [a,b]:'); x(2,1)=x(1,2);

x(1,3)=input('Nhap trong so canh [a,c]:'); x(3,1)=x(1,3);

x(1,5)=input('Nhap trong so canh [a,e]:');

x(5,1)=x(1,5);

x(2,3)=input('Nhap trong so canh [b,c]:');

x(3,2)=x(2,3);

x(2,5)=input('Nhap trong so canh [b,e]:');

x(5,2)=x(2,5);

x(2,6)=input('Nhap trong so canh [b,z]:');

x(6,2)=x(2,6);

x(3,4)=input('Nhap trong so canh [c,d]:');

x(4,3)=x(3,4);

x(4,5)=input('Nhap trong so canh [d,e]:');

x(5,4)=x(4,5);

x(5,6)=input('Nhap trong so canh [e,z]:');

x(6,5)=x(5,6);

for i=1:5

for j=(i+1):6

if x(i,j)==0

x(i,j)=inf;

x(j,i)=inf;

end

end

end

% Tim kiem duong di ngan nhat

% s la tap dac biet, u la tap chua cac dinh khong thuoc tap s

% l la nhan cua mot dinh

s=[a1];

t=false;

l(a1)=0;

u=[];

for i=1:6

if i~=a1

l(i)=inf;

u=[u,i];

end

end

while t==false

n=size(s);

m=size(u);

min=1;

for i=1:m(2)

% doi nhan cho mot dinh

if l(u(i)) > (l(s(n(2)))+ x(s(n(2)),u(i)))

l(u(i))=(l(s(n(2)))+ x(s(n(2)),u(i)));

% day la bien ghi nho dinh noi voi dinh duoc doi nhan k(u(i))=s(n(2));

end

% tim kiem dinh co nhan nho nhat

if l(u(min)) > l(u(i))

min=i;

end

end

% kiem tra xem dinh z thuoc tap s chua

if u(min)==z1

t=true;

end

% cho dinh z vao tap s va loai ra khoi tap u

s=[s,u(min)];

u(:,min)=[];

end

m=size(k);

n=m(2);

t=false;

C='abcdez';

q=[z];

% thu tuc xuat trinh ket qua

while t==false

n=k(n);

q=[q,',',C(n)];

if n==a1

t=true;

end

end

disp(['Duong di ngan nhat la: ',q])

Bµi 16

function bai16

n=input('Nhap so phan tu day so X:');

x(1,n)=0;

for i=1:n

x(i)=input(['Nhap phan tu thu ', num2str(i),' cua X:']); end

for i=1:(n-1)

for j=(i+1):n

if x(i)> x(j)

y=x(i);

x(i)=x(j);

x(j)=y;

end

end

end

disp('Day la day so X sau khi sap xep:')

disp(x)

Bµi 17

function bai17

n1=input(' Nhap so phan tu day so X1:');

x1(n1)=0;

for i=1:n1

x1(i)=input(['Nhap phan tu thu ', num2str(i),' cua X1:']); end

n2=input(' Nhap so phan tu day so X2:');

x2(n2)=0;

for i=1:n2

x2(i)=input(['Nhap phan tu thu ', num2str(i),' cua X2:']); end

b=true;

X=[];

while b==true

if x1(1) <= x2(1)

X=[X,x1(1)];

x1(1)=[];

else

X=[X,x2(1)];

x2(1)=[];

end

n1=size(x1);

n2=size(x2);

if n1(2)==0

X=[X,x2];

x2=[];

b=false;

end

if n2(2)==0

X=[X,x1];

x1=[];

b=false;

end

end

disp('Hai danh sach X1 va X2 hoa nhap duoc danh sach sau:') disp(X)

Bµi 18

function bai18

x(8,8)=0;

x(1,3)=1; x(3,1)=1;

x(2,3)=1; x(3,2)=1;

x(3,5)=1; x(5,3)=1;

x(4,5)=1; x(5,4)=1;

x(4,6)=1; x(6,4)=1;

x(5,6)=1; x(6,5)=1;

x(6,7)=1; x(7,6)=1;

x(6,8)=1; x(8,6)=1;

%bat dau tim kim cay khung

u=[1,2,3,4,6,7,8];

T=[5];

b=true;

m=5;

disp('Cay khung can phai tim la:')

while b==true

n2=size(u);

j=1;

while (x(m,u(j))==0) & (j<n2(2))

j=j+1;

end

if (j==n2(2)) & (x(m,u(j))==0)

m=k(m);

else

disp(['[',num2str(m),',',num2str(u(j)),']'])

k(u(j))=m;

m=u(j);

T=[T,u(j)];

u(:,j)=[];

end

n1=size(T);

if n1(2)==8

b=false;

end

end

Bµi 19

function bai19

x(8,8)=0;

x(1,3)=1; x(3,1)=1;

x(2,3)=1; x(3,2)=1;

x(3,5)=1; x(5,3)=1;

x(4,5)=1; x(5,4)=1;

x(4,6)=1; x(6,4)=1;

x(5,6)=1; x(6,5)=1;

x(6,7)=1; x(7,6)=1;

x(6,8)=1; x(8,6)=1;

u=[1,2,3,4,6,7,8];

S(8,8)=0;

S(1,1)=[5];

T=[5];

b=true;

i=1;

disp('Cay khung can tim la:')

while b==true

j=1;

p=0;

while (S(i,j)~=0)

n2=size(u);

q=1;

% duyet tap u

while (q<=n2(2))

if u(q)~=0

% Thu tuc xac dinh mot canh duoc nhap vao cay khung

if (x(S(i,j),u(q))~=0)

disp(['[',num2str(u(q)),',',num2str(S(i,j)),']'])

T=[T,u(q)];

p=p+1;

S(i+1,p)=u(q);

k(u(q))=S(i,j);

u(q)=0;

end

end

q=q+1;

end

j=j+1;

end

i=i+1;

n=size(T);

if n(2)==8

b=false;

end

end

Bµi 20

Bµi 21

function bai20

x(8,8)=0;

x(1,3)=input('Nhap trong so cach [a,c]:'); x(3,1)=x(1,3);

x(2,3)=input('Nhap trong so cach [b,c]:'); x(3,2)=x(2,3);

x(3,5)=input('Nhap trong so cach [c,e]:'); x(5,3)=x(3,5);

x(4,5)=input('Nhap trong so cach [d,e]:'); x(5,4)=x(4,5);

x(4,6)=input('Nhap trong so cach [d,f]:'); x(6,4)=x(4,6);

x(5,6)=input('Nhap trong so cach [e,f]:'); x(6,5)=x(5,6);

x(6,7)=input('Nhap trong so cach [f,g]:'); x(7,6)=x(6,7);

x(6,8)=input('Nhap trong so cach [f,h]:'); x(8,6)=x(6,8);

for i=1:7

for j=i+1:8

if x(i,j)==0

x(i,j)=inf;

x(j,i)=inf;

end

end

end

min1=1;

min2=2;

for i=1:7

for j=i+1:8

if x(i,j)< x(min1,min2)

min1=i;

min2=j;

end