TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016

TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016 TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016 TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016 TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016 TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016 TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016 TÀI LIỆU ôn tập THI TUYỂN CCHC năm 2016 môn TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH độ a, b năm 2016

UBND TỈNH BÀ RỊA-VŨNG TÀU

HỘI ĐỒNG THI TUYỂN CÔNG CHỨC

HÀNH CHÍNH TỈNH NĂM 2016

CỘNG HÒA XÃ HỘI CHỦ NGHĨA VIỆT NAM

Độc lập – Tự do – Hạnh phúc

TÀI LIỆU ÔN TẬP THI TUYỂN CCHC NĂM 2016

MÔN: TIẾNG ANH TRÌNH ĐỘ A, B

Cơ quan biên soạn: Đại học Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu

MỤC LỤC

I Sentence Structure: 1

II Tense Review 1

2.1 Simple Present: 1

2.2 Present Continuous: 7

2.3 Present Perfect: 8

2.4 Present Perfect Continuous: 9

2.5 Simple Past: 10

2.6 Past Continuous: 11

2.7 Past Perfect: 12

2.8 Past Perfect Continuous: 12

2.9 Simple Future: 13

2.10 Future Continuous: 15

2.11 Future Perfect: 16

2.12 Future Perfect Continuous: 16

2.13 General Exercise: 17

III Comparatives – Superlative 19

3.1 Comparatives – Superlative of Adjective 19

3.2 Comparison of Equals 22

3.3 Double Comparision 22

3.4 Comparatives – Superlative of Adverb 24

3.4.1 Introduction 24

3.4.2 Comparatives – Superlative of Adverb Patterns 25

IV Direct Speech and Reported Speech 26

4.1 Direct Speech: 26

4.2 Reported Speech: 26

V Verbs as Complement – Gerund or Infinitive 28

VI Gerund after Prepossitions: 29

VII Pronouns before Gerunds and Infinitives 30

VIII Verb: need 31

IX Should have done / Must have done 31

X So That…, Such That… 32

10.1 so that 32

10.2 such that 32

XI Too / So / Either / Neither 34

11.1 Too / So 34

11.2 Either / Neither 34

XII.Verb: Wish 36 12.1 Present “Wish”: 37

12.2 Past “Wish”: 37

12.3 Future “Wish”: 37

XIII.Some Special Verbs 38 13.1 Make 38

13.2 Get 39

13.3 Have 39

13.4 Let 39

13.5 Help 40

XIV.Conditional Sentences 40 14.1 The real condition (future possible) 40

14.2 Present Unreal 40

14.3 Past Unreal 41

XV Either….Or / Neither…Nor, Not Only…But Also…, Both…And…, …As Well As…42 15.1 Either….Or / Neither…Nor 42

15.2 Not Only…But Also…, Both…And…,…As Well As… 42

XVI Because / Because of 44

XVII Although / Even Though / Though, Despite / In Spite of 45

XVIII.Subjunctive Verbs 45

XIX Passive Voice 46

19.1 Introduction 46

19.2 Pasive structure 47

19.3 Special Pasive Structures 48

XX.Relative Clause 49

XXI.Inversion Instruction 52

Practice Test 1 55

Practice Test 2 59

Có những động từ đứng một mình không có nghĩa và cần phải có những từ đi theo sau để làm

rõ nghĩa cho động từ đó Những từ đi theo đó gọi là bổ từ (Complement) Các complements

có thể là noun hoặc adjective

Ex: She is a student

(“us” là Object của “teaches”)

He sold his house

S V O

The doctor cured the patient

S V O

- Nhựng động từ “saw”, “teaches”, “sold”, “cured” là những transitive verbs

- Transitive verbs là những động từ diễn tả một hành động chuyển từ chuyển từ chủ từ sangmột người hay một vật khác thụ nhận hành động từ đó Người hay vật thụ nhận hànhđộng đó gọi là Object

- Intransitive verb là những động từ không cần Object Ví dụ: come, fall, cry,…

II Tense Review

Usage: Thì Simple Present được dùng để diễn tả:

* Một thưc tế hay một sự việc hiện tồn tại ở hiện tại.

Ex: My brother lives in The U.S He speaks English quite well

I like pop music

Her husband works for Citybank

* Một hành động xảy ra thường xuyên hoặc lập đi lập lại.

Ex: She usually watches TV after dinner

They go dancing once a week

* Một sự thật hiển nhiên.

Ex: The Amazon River flows into the Atlantic Ocean

The Earth goes around the Sun

* Khi Subject là third singular person (ngôi thứ ba số ít) phải thêm “s” vào sau động từ.

Ex: My aunt lives in HCM city

John lives in New York

* Nếu Subject là third singular person được theo sau bởi những động từ tận cùng bằng sh,

ch, s, x, z, o thì phải thêm “es” vào sau động từ.

Ex:

“To watch”:

I watch TV every evening

The children often watches cartoon movie after dinner

My son watches TV every evening

Mr John usually watches TV after dinner

“To go”:

They go to work by bus every day

He goes to school on foot

* Nếu Subject là third singular person được theo sau bởi tận cùng bằng “a consonant + y”

thì phải chuyển “y” thành “i +es”

Ex:

“To study”:

We study English 3 times a week

S + VPresent + C

John studies maths and physics at university.

But:

“To play”:

They often play tennis at the weekend

She plays the piano very well

Negative form (dạng phủ định):

Nếu Subject là third singular person thì trợ động từ sẽ là “does”.

Ex:

“To live”:

I don’t live in Ba Ria I live in Vung Tau

My aunt doesn’t live in HCM city She lives in Ba Ria

Ex:

“To teach”:

I don’t teach French I teach English

He doesn’t teach maths He teaches chemistry

Question form:

* Yes – No question:

Ex: “To like”

Do you like music? – Yes, I do I like it very much I listen to music every day

Do they like swimming? – No, they don’t They can’t swim

Does your girlfriend like flowers? – Yes, she does

Does she like smoking? – No, she doesn’t She doesn’t like it at all

“To live”

Do they live in Ba Ria? - No, they don’t They live in HCM city

Does Helen live with her family? – Yes, she does

“To teach”

Does your brother teach in his center? – No, he doesn’t He studies English in this center

Do you teach English? – Yes, he does

Do you work in office or in workshop? – I work in workshop

- I want to work in a bank Where do you work?

- We often go to a pub after work Where do you often go after work?

- They usually watch TV after dinner What do they usually do after dinner?

- These pens are 50p each How much are these pens?

- These pens cost 50p each How much do these pens cost?

- We learn ten new words every day

How many new words do you learn every day?

- I go to school / work by bus How do you go to school/work?

- We visit our parents once a week How often do you visit your parents?

- They sometimes play tennis / They play tennis twice a week How often do you go

to your English class?

- I study English because I like American culture Why do you study English?

- I often play with my son in my free time

Who do you often play with in your free time?

- They often take their English lessons at night

When do they often take their English lessons?

EXERCISE

Use the correct form of verbs in Present Simple

1 We (read) _ the newspaper in the class everyday

2 He often (go) _ to work by bus

3 I always (walk) _ to school

4 The child (play) _ in the park every afternoon

5 We usually (eat) _ lunch in the cafeteria

6 Helen (work) _ very hard

7 He generally (sit) _ at this desk

8 He always (prepare) _ his homework carefully

9 Some girls (use) _ too much make up

10 My sister (use) _ too much make up, too

Translate these sentences into English

1 Tại sao bạn muốn học Anh văn? - Bởi vì tôi muốn đọc sách báo tiếng Anh

………

2 Tôi đi đến câu lạc bộ nói tiếng Anh mỗi tuần 1 lần.

3 We often go to a pub after work.

4 My children usually watch TV after dinner.

5 I am a teacher.

6 We are from Viet Nam.

7 We come from Viet Nam.

8 These pens are 50p each.

9 These pens cost 50p each. aquariem

10 She learns 10 new words every day.

Possessive Adjective

Subjective Pronoun Possessive adjective

You your

Example:

- My sister is a famous singer

- My books are very expensive

- Your car is quite small

- His girlfriend is a shop assistant

- His friends are very rich

- Her father is an architect.

- Her house is near the center of the city

- This is my dog Its eyes are very bright

- The bird is in its cage

- Our mother is a great house-wife

- Our class is in room 4

- Mr and Mrs Blake are our neighbors Their children are my friends

EXERCISE

Use possessive adjective to fill in the blanks

1 The boy usually helps sister

2 Virginia has a present for sister

3 We like to visit friends

4 We are waiting for class to begin

5 On what days do you have English class?

6 Charles and brother are studying Spanish

7 Mrs Miller loves children very much

8 Virginia says that American friends use short greetings

9 The American man does not use mother's surname after his father's

10 The children do not use mother's surname

Possessive Case

Example: John’s car, The Blakes’ house, the bird’s feather…

- Who is that girl over there? – She is Tom’s girlfriend.

- The Blakes’ house is near my house.

- I am married My wife’s name is Helen.

- Helen’s father is our teacher.

- He is my parents’ friend.

- Mr and Mrs Brown’s children are my friends.

- The dog’s nose is very keen.

EXERCISE

Use the Possessive case to rewrite these sentences

This is the book of Nam

Usage: Thì Present Continuous đươc dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động đang diễn ra ngay lúc ta đang nói.

Ex: What are you doing at the moment? – We are learning English

Where is your father? – He is working in the garden

* Một hành động đang diễn ra xung quanh thời điểm hiện tại nhưng chỉ tạm thời.

Ex:

A: Have you found a new job yet?

B: No I haven’t It’s too bad At present, I’m working as a shop assistant in my uncle’sstore I hope I can find a new job soon

Toan is from VT But he is living in HCM city at the moment to attend a training course

* Một hành động được sắp xếp hay lên kế hoạch cụ thể sẽ thực hiện trong tương lai.

Ex:

A: Are you doing anything this afternoon?

B: Oh yes I am meeting my parents at the station They will arrive at 2 pm

Have you heard from Tom and Jane? They are getting married at the end of this year I’m having a meeting with the supplier at 2pm

EXERCISE

Put the verbs into Present Continuous Tense:

1 John (not read) a book now

2 What you (do) tonight?

3 Jack and Peter (work) late today

S + am / is / are + Ving + C

4 Silvia (not listen) to music at the moment.

5 Maria (sit) next to Paul right now

6 How many other students _ you (study) with today?

7 He always (make) noisy at night

8 Where your husband (be) ?

9 She (wear) earrings today

10 The weather (get) cold this season

2.3 Present Perfect:

Usage: Thì Present perfect được dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và kéo dài đến hiện tại.

Ex: We have lived in this city for over 30 years

They started to build this temple in 2005 and now the temple is still under construction.They have built this temple for 5 years

My son has been sick since last Thursday

* Một hành động đã xảy ra ở một thời điểm nào đó không xác định trong quá khứ, và người nói không quan tâm đến thời điểm xảy ra hành động mà chỉ quan tâm hoặc

đề cập đến hay nhấn đến kết quả hay ảnh hưởng của nó ở hiện tại.

Ex: A: There is an interesting film at the movies Would you like to go with us tonight?B: Oh, I have seen that film already Thank you anyway

A: What are you doing out here? Why don’t you get into your house?

B: Well, I’ve lost my key somewhere and I haven’t found it yet

A: Oh hi, Peter This is my boyfriend, David Have you met each other before?

B: Yes, we have

A: Oh, really? When was that?

B: At Paul’s wedding last year, I think

A: Where is Jackson? I’d like to talk to him

B: He has gone to Washington

Notice: Tim has been to India ≠ Tim has gone to India.

* Một hành động hoặc thông báo một điều gì đó vừa mới xảy ra (so với lúc nói) và thường đi vói trạng từ “just, recently, lately…”

Ex: Have the guests arrived yet? – Yes, they’ve just arrived

Tom’s just quit his job at the chemical firm

A: Our boss has just left the office

B: When?

S + have / has + V past participle + C

A: He left here 5 minutes ago.

* Những trải nghiệm hay kinh nghiệm đã xảy ra trong đời từ trước đến nay.

Ex: A: Have you ever eaten snake before?

B: Yes I ate it the first time when I went on a tour in Mekong Delta

I have been to Egypt twice But I’ve never seen the Pyramids

This is the biggest crocodile that I’ve ever seen in my life

We have traveled by plane 3 times (That is the third time we traveled by plane.)

* Notice: Present perfect được dùng với các thành ngữ chỉ thời gian như: this morning, this evening, today, this week, this term… khi khoảng thời gian này vẫn chưa qua đi vào lúc ta nói.

Ex: I have smoked 20 cigarettes today (Thời điểm ngày hôm nay vẫn chưa trôi qua)Have you seen John this morning? (Lúc này vẫn còn là buổi sáng.)

She hasn’t studied very much this term

EXERCISE

Put the verbs in brackets into the present perfect tense, and complete the answers where necessary.

1 The cat (steal) _ the fish

2 I (ask) _ him to dinner several times

3 Would you like some coffee? I (just / make) _some

4 Someone (take) _ my bicycle

5 The phone (stop) _ ringing

6 He (just / go) _ out

7 I (not finish) _ my letter yet

8 There aren't any buses because the drivers (go) _ on strike

9 The phone (stop) _ ringing

10 I (buy) _ a new carpet Come and look at it!

2.4 Present Perfect Continuous:

Usage: Thì Present Perfect Continuous dùng để chỉ:

* Một hành động diễn tiến liên tục trong khoảng thời gian từ quá khứ đến hiện tại mà ngay lúc này vẫn còn đang diễn ra hoặc vừa mới chấm dứt.

Ex: He has been doing the homework for nearly an hour

They’ve been discussing about that since the early afternoon

It’s been raining all morning

We’ve been waiting for them for over2 hours

You are out of breath Have you been running?

Why is your clothes co dirty? What have you been doing?

S + have / has been + Ving

I’m exhausted I’ve been working hard all day.

* Notice: Ở Present perfect continuous ta chú ý nhiều đến hành động và thời gian diễn tiến của hành động đó, trong khi ở Present perfect ta chú ý đến sự hoàn thành của hành động hoặc kết quả hay tác động của hành động ấy.

Ex: Tom’s hands are very dirty He has been repairing the car

The car is now going again Tom has repaired it

* Nhấn mạnh sự liên tục của hành động.

Ex: I have worked for this company for 10 years Or I have been working in this company for

10 years

A: how long have you been learning English?

B: I’ve been learning English for 3 years

EXERCISE

Put the verbs into the correct tense (Present Perfect or Present Perfect Progressive).

A: (you / take) the dog for a walk yet?

B: I (work) all day I (come / just) home from work and I(have / not) the time yet to walk the dog

A: How long (the dog / be) home alone?

B: For about 6 hours You (walk / not) the dog for a long time Don't you want

to go?

A: Well, I (laze / not) about all day either, you know I have a very importantmeeting tomorrow and I still (finish / not) my presentation

B: Okay, I will go then Where (you / put) collar and leash?

A: They are in the kitchen By the way, (you / eat) anything yet? If not, couldyou get us something from the supermarket?

2.5 Simple Past:

Usage: Thì Simple Past đươc dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động hoặc một tình huống trong quá khứ.

Ex: It rained all day yesterday but it is better today

When I lived in New York, I worked in bank

Mr Edward died almost 10 years ago

Did you see Tim this morning? – No, I didn’t

Did she go to work today? – Yes, she did But she came very late

* Notice: Thì Simple Past chú ý đến thời điển của hành động trong khi thì Present Perfect chí chú ý đến kết quả hay tác động của hành động chú không quan tâm đến việc hành động ấy xảy ra khi nào.

Ex: John went to Rome last night

But: He has gone to Rome (He isn’t home so you can’t meet him.)

S + Vpast + C

EXERCISE

Fill in the spaces with the correct words to complete the simple past sentences

1 I _ (play) video games last night

2 Michael _ (jump) on the sofa

3 We _ (go) to school yesterday

4 Dana _ (watch) a movie yesterday

5 Last night, it _ (rain) very hard

6 He _ (write) his name on the book

7 The computer _ (break) 2 weeks ago

8 The girls _ (make) a sand castle at the beach last weekend

9 I _ (open) the door 3 minutes ago

10 He _ (forget) his jacket at his house

2.6 Past Continuous:

Usage: Thì Past Continuous dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động đang diễn tiến tại một thời điểm trong quá khứ.

Ex: This time last year I was living in HCM city

What were you doing at 10 o’clock last night? – I was watching the games on TV

* Một hành động đang diễn tiến trong quá khứ thì một hành động khác xảy ra xen ngang.

Ex: Last night I was sleeping soundly when I heard a strange noise in the kitchen

He was waiting at the bus stop when he saw her pass by

When Bob came, everyone was eating

It suddenly rained while we were holding the camp-fire last night

When they left the office, it was raining

The children were discussing excitedly when the principal came in

When they arrived at the railway station, the train was leaving the platform

EXERCISE

Put the verbs into the past continuous tense

1 When I phoned my friends, they (play) monopoly

2 Yesterday at six I (prepare) dinner

3 The kids (play) in the garden when it suddenly began to rain

4 I (practice) the guitar when he came home

5 We (not / cycle) all day

6 While Alan (work) in his room, his friends (swim) in the pool

S + was / were + Ving + C

7 I tried to tell them the truth but they (not / listen) .

8 Most of the time we (sit) in the park

9 When I arrived, they (play) cards

10 We (study) English yesterday at 4:00 pm

2.7 Past Perfect:

Usage: Thì Past Perfect dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động qua 1khứ đã xảy ra hoặc hoàn thành trước một hành động hoặc một thời điểm quá khứ khác.

Ex: When he came to the class, all the learners had left

The children had gone to bed by 9 pm last night after quite a tiring trip

I had finished my report by the time I went out for some drink yesterday

It’d rained heavily by the time the game began

* Thì Past perfect là quá khứ của Present perfect

Ex: I’m very pleased to see Helen again now I haven’t seen her for 5 years

Last night I met Helen at Paul’s party and I was very pleased to see her again because Ihadn’t seen her for 5 years

Tim is getting down to work though he has just arrived at the office

Tim got down to work though he had just arrived at the office this morning

EXERCISE

Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect simple)

1 The storm destroyed the sandcastle that we (build) _

2 He (not / be) _ to Cape Town before 1997

3 When she went out to play, she (do / already) _ her homework

4 My brother ate all of the cake that our mum (make) _

5 The doctor took off the plaster that he (put on) _ six weeks before

6 The waiter brought a drink that I (not / order) _

7 I could not remember the poem we (learn) _ the week before

8 The children collected the chestnuts that (fall) _ from the tree

9 (he / phone) _ Angie before he went to see her in London?

10 She (not / ride) _ a horse before that day

2.8 Past Perfect Continuous:

Usage: Thì Past Perfect Continuous dùng để:

S + had + Vpast participle + C

S + had been + Ving + C

* Nhấn mạnh sự kéo dài của một hành động hoặc sự diễn tiến của hành động đó trước một hành động khác trong quá khứ.

Ex: He had been living in New York for 10 years before he moved to Los Angeles

Jane had been doing the housework all morning before she went to the market

* Thì Past Perfect Continuous là quá khứ của Present Perfect Continuous.

Ex: How long have you been waiting (until now)?

How long had you been waiting when the bus finally came?

EXERCISE

Put the verbs into the correct form (past perfect progressive).

1 We (sleep) for 12 hours when he woke us up

2 They (wait) at the station for 90 minutes when the train finally arrived

3 We (look for) her ring for two hours and then we found it in thebathroom

4 I (not / walk) for a long time, when it suddenly began to rain

5 How long (learn / she) English before she went to London?

6 Frank Sinatra caught the flu because he (sing) in the rain too long

7 He (drive) less than an hour when he ran out of petrol

8 They were very tired in the evening because they (help) on the farm allday

9 I (not / work) all day; so I wasn't tired and went to the disco at night

10 They (cycle) all day so their legs were sore in the evening

2.9 Simple Future:

Usage: Thì Simple Future dùng Will và Be going to dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động sẽ xảy ra trong tương lai Nhưng có những khác biệt trong cách dùng giữa Will và Be going to:

- Will được dùng để nói về tương lai một cách khái quát, chung chung như về quy tắc, lịch

trình và những tiên đoán hay dự báo về tương lai

Ex: The train will leave in 5 minutes’ time.

When you travel to New York by ship, you will see the Statue of Liberty

A: I’m very worried about my exam tomorrow

B: Don’t worry so much You will pass

Later…

B: When will you know your exam results?

A: We will get our exam results next week

S + will + Vinfinitive + C

S + be going to + Vinfinitive + C

There will be a lot of changes in our country in the next 10 years.

In the next century the world will run out of oil

- Will đươc dùng khi ta quyết định tức thời (ngay lúc nói) sẽ làm một điều gì đó.

- Be going to được dùng khi ta đã có dự tính hoặc kế hoạch làm điều gì đó trước khi ta nói Ex: John: There is an interesting film at the cinema this evening.

Peter: Oh really? I think I will go to see it tonight

Later…

Mary: Hi! What are you doing this evening?

Peter: Well, I am going to see a very nice film at the cinema Would you like to go with me?A: Do you fancy a game of tennis this evening?

B: I am sorry I am going to have dinner with some partners

A: Oh my God! I’ve left my wallet at home

B: Don’t worry I will lend you some

- Be going to đươc dùng khi ta cho rằng một sự việc chắc sẽ xảy ra theo một logic hợp lý căn

cứ theo những biểu hiện hoặc chứng cứ ở hiện tại

Ex: Look at those black clouds It’s going to rain

I feel terrible I think I am going to be sick

Tom has been drinking a lot so far He is going to get drunk soon

Those bad boys are racing in the street again It’s so terrible and dangerous

They are going to have an accident

EXERCISE

Fill the gaps with the verb in brackets using either “going to” or “will” form of the future

tense

1 Sally: There's no milk left!

Betty: Oh I _ some from the shop (get)

2 The population of Valencia _ 2 million by the year 2010 (reach)

3 Mum: I told you to tidy up your room

Son: Sorry, Mum, I forgot I _ it after lunch.(do)

4 Sally: Why don't we meet for coffee on Friday morning?

Willy: Sorry I can't I _ the doctor then (see)

5 "Tomorrow _ a bright and sunny day everywhere in Spain, except in La

Coruña," said the weatherwoman (be)

6 Look at that big black cloud I think it _ (rain)

7 Sally: What are your plans for the week-end?

Betty: Brad Pitt phoned We _ on a picnic (go)

8 Betty: Have you booked the flights yet?

Sally: Don't worry It's all organized I _ to the travel agent's tomorrow morning (go)

9 In the future people _ bigger heads (have)

10 If we miss the bus, we _ a taxi (take)

2.10 Future Continuous:

Usage: Thì Future Continuous dùng để diễn tả:

* Một hành động sẽ xảy ra và đang tiếp diễn ở một thời điểm xác định trong tương lai.

Ex: At this time tomorrow, we will be taking the test

At this time next week, I’ll be on holiday I’ll probably be lying on a beautiful beach.Tom works every morning from 9 am until midday So:

- At 10 o’clock yesterday he was working.

- At 10 o’clock now He is working.

- At 10 o’clock tomorrow, he will be working.

EXERCISE

Put the verbs into the correct form (future progressive).

1 Tomorrow morning we (work) _

2 This time next week we (have) _ a party

3 At midnight I (sleep) _

4 This evening we (watch) _ a talk show

5 They (not/do) _ their homework this afternoon

6 He (listen) _ to music

7 I (read) _a book this evening

8 (walk / you) _ home this afternoon?

9 He (not/draw) _ tomorrow morning

10 They (argue) _ again?

2.11 Future Perfect:

S + will be + Ving + C

S + will have + Vpast participle + C

Usage: Thì Future Perfect dùng để diễn tả

* Một hành động tương lai sẽ xảy ra và hoàn thành (chấm dứt) trước một thời điểm hoặc một hành động khác trong tương lai.

Ex: We will have arrived there by 12 o’clock

We are late I think the film will already have started by the time we get to the cinema.Tom is a football fan and there is a football match on TV this evening The match begins

at 7.30 pm and ends at 9.15 pm Jack wants to came and see Tom this evening

Jack: Is it all right if I come at 8.30?

Tom: No, don’t come then I’ll be watching the match on TV

Jack: Oh, well What about 9.30?

Tom: That’’ be fine The match will have finished by then

EXERCISE

Change the verb into the correct form of Future Perfect tense:

1 By this time tomorrow, I (finish) the project

2 By 8 o'clock, the kids (fall) asleep

3 By tomorrow morning, he (sleep) wonderfully

4 By next year, she (receive) her promotion

5 Robin (sell) his car by next Sunday

6 Morgan (clean) the entire house by lunch

7 We (dance) a few dances before midnight

8 At this time tomorrow morning, they (begin) working

9 At this time next week, we (catch) the thief

10 By 2015, I (live) in Madrid for 5 years

2.12 Future Perfect Continuous:

Usage: Thì Future Perfect Continuous

_Dùng để nhấn mạnh đến khoảng thời gian diễn tiến của một hành động ở thì Future Perfect

Ex: By the time we take the test, we will have been taking English for a year

By the end of the year, she will have been working here for 20 years

By the time we get home, we will have been driving for 3 hours

EXERCISE

Change the verb into the correct form:

S + will have been + Ving + C

1 By midnight, you (dance) for 4 hours.

2 By dinner, she (cook) the whole afternoon

3 He (work) there for 10 years by 2015

4 By next year, I (study) English for 7 years

5 By next week, we (renovate) for over a month

6 In 2012, they (live) here for 4 years

7 Before December, Barbara (teach) for a year

8 By this time tomorrow, I (do) this exercise for a long time

9 Jessica (help) them for 12 months

10 Bob and Sarah (cook) for 2 hours at 8 o'clock

2.13 General Exercise:

Use appropriate tenses for these sentences:

1 Helen (study) since 6 o’clock this morning

2 Listen! What language they (speak) ?

3 John (be) to Italy twice

4 We promise we (finish) the work by the time you come back

5 I (not tell) her what you’ve said I promise

6 They (leave) by the time we arrived

7 I’ve got a terrible headache – Oh dear, I (get) you some aspirin

8 Tom, is it true that you (get) married next week?

9 Would you like a cigarette? – No, thanks I (not smoke)

10 Jane (clean) her house all morning before the guests arrived

11 We (have) dinner when my father came home

12 My brother (study) engineering next week

13 Excuse me! I (look) for a phone box Is there one near here?

14 The teacher returned the papers we (prepare) for him

15 What you (do) this weekend?

16 How many novels you (write) so far, Mr Jason?

17 We’ll leave as soon as it (stop) raining

18 Lan (learn) English before she came to The U.S

19 Helen (study) very hard for the mid-term test next week

20 I (meet) her the first time when I attended a meeting in HCM citylast year

21 She has spent the whole day in the sun She (get) sun-burnt

22 Soon everybody (have) a computer

23 After we (finish) dinner, we went for a walk

24 How long you (work) for the company when itclosed?

25 We (complete) the railway system by the end of this year

III Adjectives and Adverbs

Adjectives bổ nghĩa cho nouns: a big house; a pretty girl; a large tree; a sweet voice.

Adjectives còn bổ nghĩa cho linking verbs như: feel, look, taste, smell, sound, turn,

become, appear, stay, remain…

Adverbs bổ nghĩa cho verbs: She speaks softly

They work rapidly

Dùng adjective hoặc adverb trong những câu sau:

(careful) 1 He always does his homework

(careful) 2 He is a very student

(quick) 3 Come We need your help

(slow) 4 You should drive more along this road

(slow) 5 An old man is walking in the park

(slow) 6 Helen is a very student

(rapid) 7 Her brother, on the other hand, learns very

(permanent) 8 Mr Smith has a visa

(permanent) 9 He hopes to remain in this country

(easy) 10 This is an exercise I can do all the

exercise

(hard) 11 Helen works very in her new job

(fast) 12 You are speaking too

(fast) 13 He is a very worker

(serious) 14 They are both students They study

very (soft) 15 This apple is very

(soft) 16 She always speaks to the child

(beautiful) 17 Mary is a girl She always plays the

piano (good) 18 She speaks French very

(good) 19 The weather today is very

(good) 20 This isn’t a very pen It doesn’t work

very

(sad) 21 She looked very

(sad) 22 He looked at her and said goodbye to her

(happy) 23 They feel very today and are talking

to each other

(delicious) 24 The cake tastes so

(sweet) 25 The roses smell The oranges taste

very

III Comparatives – Superlative

3.1 Comparatives – Superlative of Adjective

Để so sánh 2 sự vật, hiện tượng ta dùng so sánh hơn (Comparative Form)

Công thức:

Để so sánh 1 sự vật với 2 hoặc nhiều sự vật khác chúng ta sử dụng cấu trúc so sánh nhất (Superlative Form)

Công thức:

Quy tắc thêm er hoặc more và -est hoặc Most

Tính từ chỉ có 1 âm tiết - One-syllable adjectives: ta thêm –er đối với so sánh hơn và thêm

–est đối với so sánh nhất vào sau tính từ

Tính từ 1 âm tiết Comparative Form Superlative Form

Ex:

Mary is taller than Max.

Mary is the tallest of all the students.

Max is older than John.

Of the three students, Max is the oldest.

My hair is longer than your hair.

Max's story is the longest story I've ever heard.

Nếu tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng e, thì với so sánh hơn, ta chỉ việc thêm -r, đối với so sánh

nhất thì ta thêm -st

Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là –e Comparative Form Superlative Form

Nếu tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 phụ âm và liền trước nó là một nguyên âm thì ta sẽ nhân đôi phụ âm trước khi thêm -er (đối với so sánh hơn) hoặc -est (đối với so sánh nhất)

Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng

1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm Comparative Form Superlative Form

S + More + Adjective + than + S

S + Adjective + ER + Than + S

S + Be+ the most + Adjective + Noun

S + Be+ the Adjective + EST + Noun

Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng bằng

1 nguyên âm + 1 phụ âm Comparative Form Superlative Form

Với tính từ 2 hay nhiều âm tiết

Hầu hết chúng ta thêm More đối với so sánh hơn và the most đối với so sánh nhất vào phía trước tính từ 2 hay nhiều âm tiết

Tính từ 2 hay nhiều âm tiết: Comparative Form Superlative Form

Ex:

This morning is more peaceful than yesterday morning.

Max's house in the mountains is the most peaceful in the world.

Max is more careful than Mike.

Of all the taxi drivers, Jack is the most careful.

Jill is more thoughtful than your sister.

Mary is the most thoughtful person I've ever met.

Nếu tính từ 2 âm tiết tận cùng là Y, OW, ER, LE thì ta áp dụng như tính từ 1 âm tiết (thêm

–er đối với so sánh hơn, hoặc thêm –est với so sánh nhất.)

Adjectives: Comparative Form Superlative Form

Ex:

John is happier today than he was yesterday.

John is the happiest boy in the world.

Max is angrier than Mary.

Of all of John's victims, Max is the angriest.

Mary is busier than Max.

Mary is the busiest person I've ever met.

The roads in this town are narrower than the roads in the city.

This road is the narrowest of all the roads in California.

Big dogs are gentler than small dogs.

Of all the dogs in the world, English Mastiffs are the gentlest.

Trường hợp ngoại lệ -Irregular adjectives

Irregular Adjective Comparative Form Superlative Form

Ex:

Italian food is better than American food.

My dog is the best dog in the world.

My mother's cooking is worse than your mother's cooking.

Of all the students in the class, Max is the worst.

Dưới đây là tập hợp các tính từ gồm có 2 vần có thể thêm more hoặc Er đối với so sánh hơn,

và most hoặc -est đối với so sánh nhất

Tính từ 2 vần Comparative Form Superlative Form

clever more clever most clever

gentle more gentle most gentle

friendly friendlier friendliest

friendly more friendly most friendly

simple more simple most simple

3.2 Comparison of Equals

Ex: Rome is as beautiful as Paris

S + V + as + adj + as + noun/ pronoun

San Francisco is not as big as Los Angeles.

Mary is as old as Jane

Ex: Not as many people came to the meeting this week as last week

= There were more people at the meeting last week (than this week)

More tobacco was sold in 1994 than in 1995

= Not as much tobacco was sold in 1995 as in 1994

EXERCISE: Change the following sentences:

1 More people live in New York than in Washington

Not… ………

2 Not as many people go to the movies nowadays as they went in the 1940s

Many more………

3 Not as much coffee is drunk by young people as sodas

More young people………

4 More people are health conscious nowadays than they were 20 years ago

The weather gets colder and colder (Tính từ ngắn)

His daughter becomes more and more intelligent (Tính từ dài)

Not so many as / not as many as = more … than Not so much _ as _ / not as much as = more than

S + V + adj/adv + er + and + adj/adv + er

S + V + more and more + adj/adv

+ 2 tính từ khác nhau:

(The + comparative: The + từ ở dạng so sánh hơn)

Ex:

The richer she is the more selfish she becomes.

The more intelligent he is the lazier he becomes.

EXERCISE: Use double comparative in these sentences:

1 The less he works, (happy) he is

2 The bigger the car is, (fast) you can go

3 (fresh) it is, (good) it will taste

4 (much) you eat, (fat) you will get

5 (little) you spend, (much) you save

6 It was becoming (cold) and (cold)

7 I was getting (exhausted) and (exhausted)

8 The weather was bad and getting (bad) (bad)

9 (much) I think about his behavior, (angry) I feel

10 You’ve looked (beautiful) and (beautiful)

* Notice:

a/ After “than” or “as” we should use a subjective pronoun.

Ex: He is more careful than I (am)

He is not as old as she (is)

She has more power than I (do)

b/ When the objects of two clauses are being compares, then the objective pronouns are used for both.

Ex: I like you better than him / I like you better than he

EXERCISE: Correct the following sentences:

1 I am not as rich as him

2 She has more time than me

3 We are stronger than they

4 They are more ignorant than us

5 He does not like me as much as her

6 He is not as fast as her

7 You speak English better than him

8 She loves him more than I

c/ After “like” we use nouns or pronouns After “as” we use a clause

Ex: He eats with chopsticks like the Chinese

The + comparative + S + V the + comparative + S + V

He eats with chopsticks as the Chinese do.

Nobody dances as well as you do

In informal English it is possible to use “like” before a clause:

Nobody dances like you do

EXERCISE:

- Use “as” or “like” correctly in these sentences:

1 John swims _a fish

2 Can you eat raw fish _they do in Japan?

3 David works _a slave

4 When in Rome, do _the Roman do

5 Women still cover their heads in some countries _they did in the past

6 She cooks just _her mother

7 My brother isn’t much _me

8 He is clever _his grandfather was

3.4 Comparatives – Superlative of Adverb

3.4.1 Introduction

Chỉ có các trạng từ có mức độ mới có thể có các dạng so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất Không

thể so sánh với các trạng từ như: daily, extremely, only, really, then, there, uniquely… vì

chúng không có mức độ

Trạng từ chỉ mức độ tạo ra từ so sánh hơn và từ so sánh nhất như sau:

Trạng từ So sánh hơn So sánh nhất

2 Trạng từ chỉ cách thức tận cùng bằng -ly easily more easily most easily

3 Một số trạng từ chỉ tần suất rarely more rarely most rarely

far farther/further farthest/furthest

Lưu ý:

- Hầu hết các trạng từ chỉ cách thức có hai âm tiết trở lên, cho nên chúng thành lập dạng so

sánh hơn với more/less và so sánh nhất với most/least.

Ex: more briefly most clearly less quickly least easily

3.4.2 Comparatives – Superlative of Adverb Patterns

Với trạng từ, ta có thể áp dụng các hình thức so sánh sau:

A) So sánh bằng

- Công thức bằng:

Ex: Minh works as hard as Hung

Run as fast as you can

Sylvia sings as sweetly as her sister

- Công thức so sánh không bằng:

Ex: Hung doesn’t run as fast as Quang

I can’t swim as well as you (can)

She can’t jump so high as Billy (can)

B) So sánh hơn

Ví dụ: Quang runs faster than Hung

Hung drove more carefully than Duong

I’ve been waiting longer than you

The rain cleared more quickly than I expected

C) So sánh cao nhất

Ví dụ: He has had no accidents this year He drives the most carefully of all

Tim tries the hardest of all the boys in his class

EXERCISE: Write the following sentences correctly:

1 He arrived more late than his boss

the + trạng từ ngắn + est

the + most + trạng từ dài

Are you a student?

Does he speak English?

Did she see the movie?

Where do you live?

What is the time?

When did he come?

How will he get here?

Why can’t he speak?

4.2 Reported Speech:

 Câu hỏi gián tiếp không phải là câu hỏi thật sự Vì vậy ta không cần phải chuyển

vị trí của động từ hay mựon trợ động từ

Câu hỏi trực tiếp Câu hỏi gián tiếp

Where do you live? I would like to know where you live

When will he come? I don’t know when he will come

What time does it start? Can you tell me what time it starts?

How can he do that? I have no idea how he can do that

Why did you give up your job? I wonder why you gave up your job

Nếu là câu hỏi Yes/No question thì ta thêm IF hoặc WHETHER vào câu hỏi gián tiếp

Câu hỏi trực tiếp Câu hỏi gián tiếp

Are they ready? I don’t know if they are ready

Has the class begun? Can you tell me whether the class has begun.

Exercise: Chuyển những câu sau sang câu hỏi gián tiếp.

1 When did you write to the university?

7 Have I passed the test?

- I would like to know ………

8 What time does the supermarket close?

Dịch sang tiếng Anh.

11 Tôi không biết các bạn ấy có đến lớp không nữa

“V infinitive ” và “V ing ”tùy thuộc vào động từ đứng trước Complement đó

 Verb that require a V infinitive in the Complement:

wait

want

 Verb that require a V ing in the Complement:

stop

finish keep practice report suggest appreciate

deny

EXERCISE

2 Mary learnt (swim) when she was young

3 We expect (take) the exam next week

4 Tommy admitted (steal) the jewels.

5 We enjoyed (meet) after so many years

6 You shouldn’t risk (enter) the building in this condition

7 Jill has agreed (play) a role in the film

8 The soldiers are preparing (attack) the village

9 The committee decided (postpone) the meeting

10 They postponed (set out) the project until next month

11 The government is trying (reduce) the inflation in the next 2 years

12 Mr John has been considering (take) the job they’re offering him

13 The Coast Guards reported (see) a strange ship

14 Would you mind (turn) down the TV? I am on the phone

15 I intend (inform) him that his application can’t be approved

16 I want (speak) with Mr Brown right now

17 We missed (see) our old friend when we traveled to his hometown

18 We demand (know) our status

19 She mentioned (call at) our house in her letter

20 The weather often tends (improve) in November

21 Would you mind (not smoke) here?

22 One of the least effective ways of storing information is learning

(repeat) it

23 He decided (not buy) the house

24 We hate /like/love/enjoy (do) exercise in the morning

25 He pretended (be) sick yesterday

VI Gerund after Prepossitions:

Gerund thường được dùng sau các giới từ

1 John gave up (smoke) because of his doctor’s advice

2 Mary insisted on (take) the bus instead of the plane

3 Fred confessed to (steal) the money

4 We are looking forward to (hear) from you

5 Henry is thinking of (move) the Ireland in August

6 You would be better off (leave) now instead of tomorrow

7 They didn’t approve of (permit) common people in the base

8 We succeeded in (persuade) him to join with us

9 She is accustomed to (go) for a walk every night

10 Mick is afraid of (get) married now

11 Jean is not capable of (solve) the problem

12 Ellen is fond of (dance)

13 We are interested in (see) the game

14 They objected to (increase) the number of students in the class

15 George has no excuse for (drop) out of school

16 Melanie has no excuse for (not go) to the meeting

17 There is no reason for (leave) this early

18 He should have stayed in New York instead of (move) to Milan

19 After (leave) the party, he drove home alone

20 These students are not able to (handle) such a difficulty

21 There students are not capable of (handle) such a difficulty

22 George has no intention of (leave) the city at the moment

23 When I came to The Browns last night, they were having dinner but they stopped (talk) with me

24 Last night I didn’t go out because I was busy (do) my homework

25 I’m not surprised (hear) about that

26 Michiko is pleased (be) admitted to the university

27 It is very difficult (persuade) him But, anyway, I will try

(persuade) him

28 Alan is eager (come) back to his homeland

29 A: I’ve tried (contact) him all the morning but I can’t

30 B: Why don’t you try (phone) his home number

31 Remember (turn) off all the electrical equipments before

(leave)

VII Pronouns before Gerunds and Infinitives

- Objective Pronoun thường được dùng trước To infinitive

- Possessive Adjective hay Possessive case thường đựơc dùng trước Gerund

Ex: I asked him to wake me up at 7 am.

They appreciated his giving them a ride.

She doesn’t approve of John’s leaving early.

Supply either Objective pronoun or Possessive adjective in these sentences:

1 The judge ordered (he) _ to appear in court

2 They urged (I) _ to reconsider my decision

3 I understand (he) _ leaving soon

4 He regretted (they) _ leaving

5 We are looking forward to (our grandparents) _ next week

6 Richard is expecting (we) _ to go to class tomorrow