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T R A N M A N H T U O N G

- T a i lieu d a n h c h o g ia o vien, h o c sin h

- G iu p o n thi tot n g h ie p p h o thong, dai hoc, c a o d lin g

- B a i ta p Crng d u n g

m

C A C D A N G B A I T A P

n g l T a m v A t i / v u n g

t i p ; n g a n h

TRAN MANH TlfdNG

Cac dang bai tap

n g C a m v A tit v u n g

TIENG ANH

PHONETICS (NGUrAM)

A PRONOUNCIATION

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 1

• Spellings of Sounds III

Spelling o f sound /I/: The English vowel III norm ally appears in

the following spelling forms:

1 Letter A in the final ATE, AGE:

Ex: intimate, delicate, village, cottage

2 Letter E in the prefixes BE, DE, RE:

Ex: begin, becom e, decide, return

3 EY:

Ex: money, storey But: key /k i:/

4 Letter I in words o f monosyllable ending with I + CONSONANT Ex: bit, sit, dim, him, twin

5 UI:

Ex: build, guilt, guitar, equivalent, colloquial

But: m osquito /m9skwi: 19u/

6 Y in an unstressed syllable o f a word:

Ex: copy, candy, quality, gravity, slowly

But: qualify /GI/, m odify /Oil

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a evening b key c envelope d secret

2 a light b fine c knife d principle

3 a farm b card c bare d m arvelous

4 a both b bottle c Scotland d cotton

5 a park b farm c warm d m arm alade

6 a nature b p u re ' c picture d culture

7 a faithful b failure c fairly d painted

8 a country b cover c economical d ceiling-*

9 a n e w b sew c few d nephew

10 a with b library^ c willing d if

S O U N D D IS C R I M IN A T I O N 2

• Spellings of Sounds /i:/

The English vow el /vJ norm ally appears in the follow ing

spelling forms:

1 Letter E before the final form: CONSONANT + E

Ex: be, he, she, me

Scen e, complete Vietnam ese

Ex: seize, ceiling, deceive, receive, receipt

5 Letter I in some words from the French origin

Ex: M achine, regime, mandoline, sardine, routine, m agazine,

chem ise / J dmr.zJ

6 IE when it is inside vowels of a word:

Ex: grief, chief, believe, belief

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the following words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a reliable b liquid c revival d final

2 a houses b faces c horses d places

3 a pudding b put c pull d puncture

4 a sovereign b fountain c determine d routine

5 a beard b word c heard -d third

6 a ghost b hostage c lost d frosty

7 a chorus b cherish c chaos d scholar

8 a measure b pleasure c treasure d ensure

9 a mouse - b could c would d put

10 a three b thanks c think d.' father

Ex: head, bread, breath, breakfast, steady, jealous /dieldsl,

meadow, measure, leather, pleasure

3 a started \J b. c decided d coincided

4 a blow b show c hole d cow

5 a sung ,b supper c supply d nun

6 a.v mule b mug c mud d m ultiply

7 a cats b tapes c lives d cooks

8 a ground ^b should c about d am ount

9 a weather b bread c ahead v d m e a n /

10 a author b other c there \d breathe

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 4

• Spellings of Sounds /*/

Spelling o f Sound /« /: The English vowel /ae/ norm ally appears in

the following spelling forms:

1 Letter A in words of m onosyllable ending with one or more consonants:

Ex: lad, dam, fan, map, rank, thanks, catch, thatch

Scen e, complete Vietnam ese

2 Letter A when it is in a stressed syllable o f a word having more than one syllable and stands before consonants:

Ex: candle, captain, baptize, latter /lae’ta/, narrow, m anner,

2 a practising b amusing c advertising d arising

3 a geology b psychology

begins

c classify^ d photography

4 a walks j b. c helps d cuts

5 a idiom b ideal c item d identical

6 a blow b show c hole v d cow

7 a sung b supper c supply d nun

8 a mule b mug c mud d multiply

9 a cats b tapes Cv lives d cooks

10 a ground j b should c about d amount

Ex: bar, far, star, barn, cart, harm, charm, departure

But: scarce /skeDs/, quart /kwD:t/, sparrow /spae’rau/

• Spellings of Sounds IrJ

spelling form s:

1 Letter 0 in words of m onosyllable and in the stressed syllable ofword having more than one syllable:

Ex: come, some, done, love, does, other, does, other, among,

monkey, mother, brother, honey, nothing, com pany,

through /0A’r9/

2 OU:

Ex: young, rough, touch, tough, enough, contry, couple,

double, trouble, cousin/kA’zn/, nourish /nA’r i / / , flourish, southern

3 Letter U in the prefixes UN-, UM- and in some com m on words:Ex: cup, gun, skull, uneasy, unable, um brella

But: busy III, bury lei, mimute /I/

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words

from the others?

is pronounced differently

1 a enough b rough c laugh d though

2 a stage b village c manage d package

3 a license b combine c seaside d police

4 a some b done c once d home

5 a not b nobody c wrote d spoken

6 a before b born c work d boring

Ex: was /wdz/, want, wash, watch

But: way, waste, wax /wasks/ (sap ong)

2 Letter 0 in words of monosyllable ending with one consonant and in the stressed syllable of words having more than one syllable:

Ex: cod, lot, snob, logic, coffee, doctor, modern, solitary,

1 a hear b clear / c bear d ear

3 v a blood b pool c food d tool

4 a university

5 ^a mouse

b unique c unit , d undo

b could c would d

put-6 a faithful b failure c fairly fainted

8 a worked b stopped v c forced d wanted

10 a sun b sure c success d sort

SOUND DISCRIM INATION 8

• Spellings of Sounds I d :I

The English vowel /^./norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 Letter A in words o f monosyllable ending with “L L ”

Ex: all, call, tall, small, fall, ball, hall, wall

Ex: law, dawn, crawl, draw, awful, awkward

4 Letter 0 when it stands before R + CONSONANT:

Ex: born, corpse, horn, lord, north, pork, sort, fortify,

morning, portable, portrait

5 OA when it stands before R + CONSONANT

Ex: oar, roar, board, soar

1 a faithful b failure c fairly d fainted

2 a course b court c coursing d courage

3 a worked b stopped c forced d w anted

4 a bought b nought c plough d cough

5 a do k J. mother c brother d som etim es

6 a cloth b clothes c both d boat

7 a reply b cHmb c sign d limb

8 a neighbour b receive c weight d great

9 a double b round c allow d south

10 a lose b rude c comb d fruit

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 9

* Spellings of Sounds /u/

The English vowel /u / normally appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 a ^ pUrity b burning c cure d durable

2 a see b seen c sportsman d sure

3 a pull b sugar c plural >id study

4 a course b court v c courage d cough

5 ,a bark b share c dare a bare

6 a cotton b bottle J C cold d common

7 a dear b hear c bear d clear

8 a bury b curtain c burn d turn

9 a fork - b work c pork d corn

10 a shout b sugar c share d surgery

SOUND DISCRIMINATION 10

• Spellings of Sounds lu:l

spelling forms:

1 Letter 0

Ex: two, who, you, do, move, lose, prove, tomb

Scene, complete, Vietnam ese

2 0 0:

Ex: booth, cool, food, goose, soot, spoon, tool, tooth, bam boo,

cuckoo, doomsday, zoo

3 OU:

Ex: group, troupe (ganh hat), wounded, soup

4 Letter U:

Ex: blue, flute /flu:t/, brutal, brute (ngifdi tho bao), lunar,

salute, lunatic, lubricate

5 UI:

Ex: bruise, fruit, juice, recruit /rikru’:t/

But: fluid /flu ’ld/, ruin /ru ’ln/

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a put b cut c run d son

2 a hope b soap c home d rob

3 a ship b sheep c deep d green

4 a tooth b hood c book d look

5 a joke b yet c Europe d use

6 a nice b price c rice d pink

7 a size b mile c still d Uke

8 a noon b took c look d book

9 a poor b tour c pool ^ d sure

10 a flower b flour c floor d found

Ex: blur, fur, urge, burn, curse, hurt, nurse, hurt, nurse,

purse, burglar, furnish, surgery, Thursday

1 a leather b feather c teacup d pleasure

2 a about b count c shout d wounded

3 a title b icon c httle d hide

4 a tour b course c court d pour

5 a bank b back c bark d baggy

6 a myth b breath c tooth d with

7 a please b measure c rise d pause

8 a singer b longer c finger d stronger

9 a packed b punched c pleased d pushed

10 a biscuits b magazines c newspapers d vegetables

SOUND DISCRIMINATION 12

• Spellings of Sounds /a/

The English vowel /a/ norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 Letter A in most o f the unstressed syllable of a word

Ex: separate, changeable, balance, explanation, capacity,

national

2 Letter E in an unstressed syllable of a word:

Ex: silent, open, chicken, prudent, generous, different,

sentence, punishm ent

3 Letter 0 in an unstressed syllable of words having more than

1 a butter b put c sugar d push

2 a few b new c threw d knew

3 a pretty b get c send d well

4 a grew b threw c knew d flew

5 a close b chose c lose d rose

6 a beard b fur c search d prefer

7 a are b fair c there d wear

8 a reliable b living c revival d final

9 a hasty b nasty c tasty d wastage

10 a bead b read c dead d recede

SOUND DISCRIMINATION 13

• Spellings of Sounds /ei/

The English vowel /ei/ normally appears in the following spelling forms:

1 Letter A is pronounced as leil:

a/ In a syllable just before the final ION and IAN

Ex: translation, liberation, Australian, Asian, Canadian,

nation

But: companion, mansion, Italian, librarian /ae/

b/ In words o f monosyllable having the final form: A +

CONSONANT + E

Ex: cane, late, cape, fate, lake, gate, safe, tape, date

2 AI when it stands before a consonant except R:

Ex: mail, nail, sail, maid, wait, faint, afraid

3 AY in all words having it:

Ex: day, hay, gay, play, ray, stay, tray, pay, lay

But: quay / ki:/, mayor /mea/, papaya /papa’ia/

d dive

d catch.d occupy

S O U N D D IS C R IM IN A T IO N 14

• Spellings of Sounds /ai/

The English vowel /ai/norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 EI

Ex: either, neither, height

2 Letter I in words of monosyllable ending with I +

CONSONANT + E

Ex: bite, site, kite, dine, side, tide, like, mine

But: live, give III

3 IE when it is the final vowel of words of m onosyllable:

Ex: die, lie, pie, tie

4 UI in the words having UI + CONSONANT + E:

Ex: guide, quite, inquire, require

But: quiet /kw a’iat/

5 Letter Y in words of m onosyllable or in a stressed syllable of a word:

Ex: cry, fly, shy, sly (lau ca), type, deny, rely, cycle, dynam o /da’inamau/

But: hym n /him/, typical, pyramid /p l’ramld/

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a lazy b lapel c label d labourer

2 a while b which c who d white

Ex: tear (n), clear, rear, spear, fear, beard, weary

2 EE when it stands before the final R of a word:

Ex: beer, cheer, deer, steer, career, engineer, overseer

/auvasl’a/ (giam thi)

1 a watch b want c bank d, what

2 a low b bow c know d slow

3 a issue b passion c tissue d vessel

4 a hasty <b nasty c tasty d wastage

5 a dew b knew c sew d few

6 a home b t8ttib c comb d dome

7 a says b bays c days d rays

8 a none b t6mb c tongue d onion

9 a com panion b comparison c com pany d compartment

10 a loose b lose c cease d dose

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 17

• Spellings of Sounds /ea/

The English vowel /ea/ norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 Letter A in words o f monosyllable or in a stressed syllable of a word when A stands before RE:

Ex: bare, care, dare, rare, area /e’aria/, parent /p e’arantJ

2 AI when it stands before R:

Ex: air, fair, hair, chair, stair, dairy /de’arl/, fairy

1 a disease b display c increase d discount

2 a exam ine b famine c determine d miner

3 a descend b decent c delicious d percentage

4 a knowledge b flower c shower d cow ard

5 a thrill b third c enthusiasm d thus

6 a practice b device c service d office

7 a complete b command c common d com m unity

8 a release D. pleasure c leaver d cream v

9 a explanation b main c faint d paint

10 a power b tower c flow d flour

SOUND DISCRIMINATION 18

• Spellings of Sounds /ua/

The English vowel /ua/ norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 0 0 in words o f monosyllable ending in R:

Ex: moor, poor

But: door, floor

2 OU:

Ex: tour, tourist, gourd /guad/

3 Letter U is pronounced as /jua/ in the words having U + R +

1/ a teacher b deaf c reach d team

2 a call b curtain c contain d cell

3 a your b four c poured d hour

4 a poor b mood c shoot d hood

5 a sun b sure c success d sort

6 a beard b fur c search d prefer

7 a daughter b laughter c taught d caught

8 a warm b wash c wall d walk

9 a m easure b decision c pleasure d perm ission

10 a M e b fair c there d wear

SOUND DISCRIM INATION 19

• Spellings of Sounds /au/

The English diphthong /au/ normally appears in the follow ing spelling :

1 0 is pronounced as /au/:

a1 W hen it is at the end of a word:

Ex: no, go, echo, mosquito, tomato, archipelago (quan dao) But: to do /du:/, toe /tau/

b /in w ords o f m on osy lla b le en d in g w ith tw o c o n s o n a n ts or

C O N S O N A N T + E and in the stressed sy lla b le s o f w ords having more than one syllable:

Ex: comb, cold, code, mode, mole, sofa, lotus, lotion, solar,

mobile, moment, soldier

But: bomb, fond, soft, long, strong

2 OA in words o f m onosyllable ending with one or som etim es two consonants:

Ex: coal, coat, foam, goat, loan, road, soap, roast, toast, coast But: broad/brD:d/

• Spellings of Sounds laul

follow ing spellings :

1 OU:

Ex: bound, cloud, doubt, foul, found, ground, loud, plough,

mouth, south, around, sound, mountain

W hich o f the follow ing words is

from the others?

SOUND DISCRIM INATION 21

• Pronunciation of The Endings - S

The Endings - S (in plural nouns, singular verbs o f the third

persons in simple present tense and possessive case)

1 If the word ends in Is z / 3 t / dj/, the ending a is pronounced

2 If the word ends in a voiceless consonant except /s / tJ7, the

ending s is pronounced Is/:

W hich o f the follow ing words

from the others?

is pronounced differently

1 a airports b windows c rooms d pens

2 a dinners b cups c cars d dictionaries

3 a bridges b doors c buses d classes

4 a recorders b desks c flats d caps

5 a gates b helps c kisses d maps

6 a says b plays c days d raise

7 a pull b during c pure d cure

8 a than b theatre c theory d thorough

9 a im agined b released c rained d followed

10 a some b come d home

SOUND DISCRIMINATION 22

• Pronunciation of the Endings - ed

The Endings - ED (regular verbs in the past)

1 If the verb ends in Id/ or Itl, the ending ED is pronounced /id/

To post —►he posted

To like ->he liked

To stop ->he stopped

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a finished b learned c lived d changed

2 a enjoyed b moved c shined d laughed

3 a liked b hanged c helped d watched

4 a hated b watched c washed d kissed

5 a hated b watched c washed d kissed

6 a down b show c brown d towel

7 a country b ceiling c recover d econom y

8 a new b sew c few d nephew

9 a think b there c things d thought

10 a how b brown c cow d know

SOUND DISCRIM INATION 23

• Pronunciation of Letter A, E, I (Y), O, U

*The letters a, e, i (y), o, u have different pronunciations in deferent types o f syllables

*For example, the letter a is pronounced /ae/ in a close syllable (am

tiet dong), /el/ in an open syllable (am tiet md), lo\l in an “r”

syllable (am tiet co r) and /ea/ in an “re” syllable (am tiet co re)

A -»/ae/: fat (a close syllable ends in a consonant)

/el/: fate (an open syllable ends in a silent “e”)

/a:/: far (an “r” syllable ends in “r”)

/ea/: fare (a “re” syllable ends in “re”)

* The following table shows the pronunciations o f the above five vowel letters

close syllable

2 The open syllable

3 The “ r”

syllable

4 The

“ re” syllable

ca)

xinh xan

cho hu

/j us/ cure

* More illustrative examples:

A -> /$/: cat mad, dad, fan, can, ban, van, stand

/el/: cake, date, mate, fate, take, make, bake

/a:/: car, star, bar, far, start, cart, chart

/ea/: care, stare, bare, fare, dare, hare, mare

E -* /e/: less, bed, bend, send, den, men, ten

/i:/: mete, com plete, meter, compete

ly.l: merge, er, inert, refer, infer, defer

/is/: here, mere, interfere, adhere, severe

I-> /i/: it, this, did, kid, bid, bit, sit, with, in, ink

laiJ: fine, line, dine, combine, sine, arrive, hive

/ 3 : l : fir, stir, mirt, skirt, dirt, first, shirt

/ala/: fire, tire, tired, acquire, require, admire

O -> lol: not, dog, fog, cod, nod, toss, moss, boss

/au/: note, code, mode, ode, denote, remote, rode

Id: nor, or, for, resort, sort, torture, escort

/ 3a/: more, score, before, restore, store, fore, sore, bore, shore

U -> /a/: cut, nut, hut, but, must, dust, bust, just

/ju:/: cute, mute, refuse, confuse, fuse, muse, accuse

h:/: cur, occur, recur, murmur, incur, hurt, burst

/jua/: cure, curer, endure, pure, lure, allure

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a about b amount c should d ground

2 a saddle b case c chase d basem ent

3 a drumm er b future c number d umbrella

4 a flame b fame c came d manner

5 a darkness b warmth c market d remark

6 a hunt b pullover c under d funny

7 a book b floor c hook d cooker

8 a figure b bright c fight d sight

9 a over b rose c cover d chosen

10 a baggage b village c mange d stage

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 24

• Spellings of Sounds /p b t d/

1 P (regular):

Ex: pip, shop, top, happen, open, keep, hope, sharpness

But: door, floor

2 B (regualar):

Ex: bold, rubber, rob, submit /'sabmi’t/

3 B is silent when final, after M or before T:

B Spellings o f Sound Itl & IdJ: The English conson ants Itl and IdJ norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 T (regular):

Ex: taught, each, ten, time, take

2 E D -» Itl in past verbs ending in a voiceless consonant except T Ex: wrapped Itl, walked, passed

3 Th->/t/ in exceptional words:

Ex: Tham es /tem z/, Thomas /to’mas/

4 D (regular):

Ex: did, do, done, dare

5 ED —>/d/ in past verbs ending in a vowel or a voiced consonant except D:

Ex: stayed, raised, rubbed

Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a book b put c brook d booth

2 a orchestra b chasm c chem ical d orchard

3 a prescription b prelim inary c presumption d preparation

4 a nourish b flourish c tournam ent d courage

5 a pudding b puncture c put d cushion

6 a breathe b teeth c though d there

7 a describe b excite c timber d dive

8 a slaughter b draught c naughty d plaudit

9 a devotion b congestion c suggestion d question

10 a copper b copy c dolphin d colonel

Ex: king, back

2 K is silent when initial and before N:

Ex: knee, knock, know, knight, knowledge, kneel

3 C except before E, I or Y:

Ex: cart, come, cut act, music

But: city, lace, icy Is/

4 CH in some words

Ex: character /kae’rikta/, stomach /stA’mak/, chem ist /ke’mist/, Christm as /kri’smss/

5 QU in a few words:

Ex: conquer /k o’nks/, liquor / li’ks/, lacquer, plaque, quay /ki:/

B Spellings o f Sound /g/: The English consonants /g/ norm ally appears in the following spelling form s:

1 G (regular):

Ex: go, leg, agree

2 G is silent in the group GN

Ex: reign /rein/, foreign, sign

3 G (common)

Ex: get, give

4 X ->/gz/ before a stressed vowel except in words beginning with EXC

Ex: exact, exam ine

But: except /ikse’pt/, exercise /eksasaiz/

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a disguise b bruise c cruise d suit

2 a honorable b honesty c historic d heir

3 p creature b cleaner c cream y d cleanse

4 a police b seize c machine d veil

5 - ascent b parachute c mission d vicious

6 a penalty b scenic c epidemic d level

7 a those b lose c both d goes

8 a bus b but c busy d bunch

9 a chair b cheap c chemist d child

10 a wait b stain c laid d hair

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 26

• Spellings of Sounds /f and v/

norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

4 Special case: lieutenant /lefte’nant/

Ex: character /kae’rikta/, stomach /stA’msk/, chem ist /k e ’mist/, Christm as /kri’smas/

B Spellings o f Sound /v/: The English con son ants /v / norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 V (regular):

Ex: vivid, voice, very

W hich o f the follow ing words

from the others?

is pronounced differently

1 a gram m ar b damage c mammal d drama

2 a both b tenth c myth d with

3 a gate b gem c gaze d gaudy

4 a thus b thumb c sympathy d then

5 a lavs b says c stays d plays

6 a scholarship b chaos c cherish d chorus

7 a sign b minor c rival d trivial

8 a message b privilege c college d collage

9 a beard b rehearse c hearsay d endearment

10 a dynam ic b typical c cynicism d hypocrite

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 27

• Spellings of Sounds IQ & hi

A Spelling o f /0/ & /ft/: The English consonants /0/ & /a/norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1. TH (initially): think

(medially): method

(finally): south

2 TH is pronounced IB/ before the plural ending - S

3 TH is pronounced II before the plural ending -S

As in: mounth /mau0/ (singular)

mouths /mav&z/ (plural)

B Spelling o f /h/: The English consonants /h / norm ally appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 H (regular):

Ex: heat, hot

2 WH (in single words)

Ex: who, whom, whose, whole /haul/, whoop (ho ga)

3 H is silent:

a/ before a strongly stressed vowel:

Ex: hour /aua/, heir /ea/, honour /o’na/, honest /o ’nist/

b/ in weakly stressed syllables:

Ex: Birmingham /b 3’:minam/, vehement /vi’amant/, vehicle /vi’:kl/

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words is pronounced differently from the others?

1 a yoghurt b university c yes d jeans

2 a think b they c these d there

3 a thin b those c thirst d three

4 a put b cut c pull d push

5 a tool b wool c pool d fool

6 a nature b change c gravity d basic

7 a discipline b vision c cylinder d muscle

8 a office b promise c service d expertise

9 a suitable b biscuit c guilty d building

10 a patient b crescent c ancient d m achine

2 SI, Cl, SCI, TI etc when a weakly stressed syllable follows:

Ex: Asia /e’i/a/, social /sa’u /l/, conscious /k o’n/as/, patience

/pe’i/n s/, Russia /rA’/a/

3 S (exceptionally, before a strongly stressed vowel)

Ex: sure /Ju9/ or / /d:/, sugar //u ’ ga/

4 CH in words recently borrowed from French:

Ex: chassis //ae’ si/, m oustache/m asta’: / /

appears in the following spelling forms:

1 SURE when weakly stressed

Ex: leisure Ae’ 39/, treasure

2 SI in weakly stressed - SION

Ex: confusion /k9nfju’:3n/, religion, collision

3 GE in words recently borrowed from French

Ex: cam ouflage /k=e’mugla:3/, rouge lrw.il

1 a enough b cough c though d rough

2 a few b sew c blew d new

3 a chooses b houses c rises d horses

4 a suit b seven c sugar d sun

5 a accurate b accept c accident d success

6 a slogan b motor c total d proper

7 a sugar b cassette c fashion d passion

8 a allow b doubt c bought d scout

9 a replace b purchase c surface d palace

10 a absent b recent c descent d realise

SOUND DISCRIM INATION 29

• Spellings of Sounds Is zJ

appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 S (usual spelling)

Ex: sit, sound, sun

2 C before E, I, Y:

Ex: cellar, place, civil /si’vl/, cycle

3 The letter S is silent in these words:

Ex: aisle /ail/, isle /ail/, island /a ’iland/, corps /k y.l

appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 Z (regular)

Ex: zebra /zi’bra/, zoo, zigzag, zezo

2 S (common, never initially):

Ex: deserve, praise

3 S in the inflected forms o f nouns and verbs, after a diphthong, a

vowel or voiced consonant other than /z/ or /$/ or Id 3/:

Ex: plays, dogs

4 SS (in single words):

Ex: Dessert/diz3’:t/, dissolve/dizolv/, possess/paze’s/, scissor/sa:zaz1

5 Special case:

Ex: Mrs /mi’siz/, houses /hau ziz/ plural of “house” /hao s/

• Cumulative practice

W hich o f the follow ing words

from the others?

is pronounced differently

1 a butter b put c sugar d push

2 a great b bread c break d steak

3 a weight b height c eight d vein

4 a too b food c soon d good

5 a would b about c round d out

• Spellings of Sounds Its d5/

A Spelling o f /tJ7: The English consonants /t / / normally appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 CH and TCH:

Ex: church, match

2 T in weakly stressed - TURE

Ex: nature, picture, future, culture

3 TI in - STION:

Ex: q u estion /k w e’s t /n /

appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 J (regular)

Ex: jum p, joke, Jack

2 G (usual) before E, I and Y:

Ex: gender, age, giant, gymnastic /dsimnae’stik/

2 a dosage b voyage c massage d carriage

3 a question b protection c aviation d exception

4 a assume b sure c size d soup

5 a chin b charity c chip d character

6 a thick b though c thank d think

7 a with b myth c both d tenth

8 a garlic b garage c. garden d garland

9 a though b therefore c theatre d than

10 a rack b rabbit c rabies d rank

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 31

• Spellings of Sounds 11 m /

appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 L (regular):

Ex: live, feel, lake, like, lane

2 Clear L only occurs before vowels and before Ijl

Ex: leave, late, long, million /m i’tajn/

3 Dark L is only used before all other consonants and finally:

Ex: meal, filled, people

B Spelling o f /m/: The English consonants /m / normally appears in the follow ing spelling form s:

1 M (regular):

Ex: may, aim, make, my

2 Syllabic M (M m ang am tiet, tao thanh mot am tiet khi doc ma khong can nguyen am):

Ex: rheum atism /ru ’:matizm/, enthusiasm /ln9ju’:zl$zm /

2 a chorus b cherish c chaos d scholarship

3 a creature b decent c league d menace

4 a measure b dreadful c treasure d breathe

5 a danger b angel c anger d magie

6 a complain b bargain c ascertain d ascertain

7 a brochure b sugar c scholarship d conscious

8 a dynamic b hypocrite c cynicism d typical

9 a heroine b penalty c poetic d convenient

10 a privilege b collage c college d message

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 32

• Spellings of Sounds In q/

appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 N (regular):

Ex: now, run

2 Syllabic N:

Ex: eaten, certain, hidden, listen, reason, even, nation

3 Dark L is only used before all other consonants and finally:

Ex: meal, filled, people

appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

2 a while b which c who d white

3 a come b roll c comb d grow

4 a blood b prove c rude d souvenir

5 a hour b honest c heir d hospital

6 a dealt b dreamt c heal d iealous

7 a foul b brooch c soul d foal

8 a colonel b journal c infernal d mournful

9 a taught b laughter c naughtv d slaughter

10 a umbrella b union c usage d university

S O U N D D I S C R I M I N A T I O N 33

• Spellings of Sounds Irl

A Spelling o f sound Irl: The English consonants Irl

norm ally appears in the spelling R only:

Ex: red, bread, very, rich, ran, berry, m arriage

B Spelling o f sound /j/: The English consonants /j/ normally appears in the follow ing spelling forms:

1 Y :

Ex: yes, yard, young, your, you

2 I, E before /a/:

Ex: opinion /op i’njsn/, hideous /hi’djss/

3 I is not pronounced /j/ before a vowel other than /a/:

Ex: quick, quite, quiet, quack

3 W is silent in the group WR, TW, SW:

Ex: write /raitJ, two /tu:/, answer /a’:nsa/, sword /su d J

4 U in GU when unstressed:

1 a wild b driven c ahve d sign

2 a sword b word c bird d heard

3 a penalty b scenic c epidemic d level

4 a practiced b raised c rained d followed

5 a head b heat c seat d need

6 a food b look c took d good

7 a sure b sight c sing d same

8 a nourish b flourish c courageous d southern

9 a naked b sacred c needed d walked

10 a chooses b houses c rises d horses

B STRESSED SYLLABLE (TRONG AM)

W O R D S T R E S S 1

stress of 2-syllable Words

Two-syllable words which do not begin with prefixes take the stress on the second syllables because the first syllables contain

short vowels Id/ or 111

EX:

divine marine police

finance

Practice 1

1 Which word is stressed on the second syllable?

a sugar b typical

c com plain d topic

2 Which word is stressed on the second syllable?

a them b above

c idiom d ideal

3 Which word is not stressed on the second syllable?

a parade b com passion

c resem ble d beautiful

4 Which word is not stressed on the second syllable?

Two-syllable words which begin with such prefixes as: A - AB - ABS - AD - AC - CO - COL - CON - COR - BE - ETC, take the stress on the second syllables

EX:

aboard degrade object (v)

abstain eject outgrow

address embark pred i ct

because forbid w ithdra w

collect immense unstressed

c com m ent d comical

3 W hich word is stressed on the second syllable?

a com edy b comfortable

c com m and d com pany

4 W hich word is stressed on the second syllable?

a com m entary b legal

Two-syllable words take the stress on the first syllables when these first syllables are not prefixes

EX:

Practice 3

1 Which word is not stressed on the first syllable?

a practice b question

c ago d orange