The word "affection" as used in line 14 could best be replaced by which of the following.. In line 20, the author uses the word "looming" to indicate a feeling of Passage 2: questions 1
Trang 1HỌC VIỆN CT-HCQG HỒ CHÍ MINH
BÁO CÁO TỔNG KẾT ĐỀ TÀI
XÂY DỰNG BỘ ĐỀ LUYỆN KỸ NĂNG ĐỌC HIỂU TRONG BÀI THÌ TOEFL DÀNH CHO HỌC VIÊN CAO HỌC TẠI HỌC VIỆN CHÍNH TRỊ HÀNH CHÍNH
QUỐC GIA HỒ CHÍ MINH
CNĐT: TRẦN BÍCH THỦY
8272
HÀ NỘI – 2010
Trang 2In the event that you are forewarned of a possible accident, you should put your hands on your ankles and keep your head down until the plane complete stop If smoke
is present in the cabin, you should keep your head low and cover your face with napkins, towels, or clothing If possible, wet these for added protection against smoke inhalation To evacuate as quickly as possible, follow crew commands and do not take personal belongings with you Do not jump on escape slides before they are fully inflated, and when you jump, do so with your arms and legs extended in front of you When you get to the ground, you should move away from the plane as quickly as possible, and never smoke near the wreckage
1 What is the main topic of the passage?
2 If can be inferred from the passage that people are more likely to survive fires
in aircrafts if they
A keep their heads low
Trang 3B
C
D
wear a safety belt
do not smoke in or near a plane read airline safety statistics
3 According to the passage, which exits should an airline passenger locate before takeoff?
The ones with counted rows of seats between them
4 What is the main purpose of the passage?
To provide safety advice
To give statistical evidence
5 According to the passage, airline travelers should keep their feet flat on the floor
6 Travelers are urged by experts to read and listen to safely instructions
If smoke is in the cabin Before take off
7 Which of the following are airline passengers advised NOT to do?
Trang 4Passage 2: Questions 8 – 13
Water scarcity is fast becoming one of the major limiting factors in world crop production In many areas, poor agricultural practices have led to increasing desertification and the loss of formerly arable lands Consequently, those plant species that are well adapted to survival in dry climates are being looked at for an answer in developing more efficient crops to grow on marginally arable lands
Plants use several mechanisms to ensure their survival in desert environments Some involve purely mechanical and physical adaptations, such as the shape of the plant’s surface, smaller leaf size, and extensive root systems Some of the adaptations are related to chemical mechanisms Many plant, such as cacti, have internal gums and mucilages which give them water-retaining properties Another chemical mechanism is that of the epicuticular wax layer This wax layer acts as an impervious cover to protect the plant It prevents excessive loss of internal moisture It also protects the plant from external aggression, which can come from inorganic agents such as gases, or organic agents which include bacteria and plant pests
Researchers have proposed that synthetic waxes which similar protective abilities could be prepared based on knowledge of desert plants If successfully developed, such a compound could be used to greatly increase a plant’s ability to maintain health in such adverse situations as inadequate water supply, limited fertilizer availability, attack by pets, and poor storage after harvesting
9 Which of the following is a mechanical or physical mechanism desert plants use?
A
B
The plant’s shape The small root system
Trang 5If helps the plant to avoid excessive moisture intake
If helps the plant to attack aggressors
If releases gases against plant pests
If guards against bacteria
11 If can be inferred that synthetic simulated waxes have
13 What is NOT an example of an adverse situation for crops?
Passage 3: Questions 14 – 19
Every year about two million people visit Mount Rushmore, where the faces of four U.S presidents were caved in granite by sculptor Gutzon Borglum and his son, the late Lincoln Borglum The creation of the Mount Rushmore monument took 14 years-from 1927 to 1941- and nearly a million dollars These were times when money was difficult to come by and many people were jobless To move than 400,000tons of rock, Borglum hired laid-off workers from the closed-down mines in the Black Hills area
Trang 6He taught these men to dynamite, drill, carve, and finish the granite as they were hanging in midair in his specially devised chairs, which had many safety features Borglum was proud of the fact that no workers were killed or severely injured during the years of blasting and carving
During the carving, many changes in the original had to be made to keep the carved heads free of large fissures that were uncovered However, not all the cracks could be avoided, so Borglum concocted a mixture of granite dust, white lead, and linseed oil to fill them
Every winter, water from melting snows gets into the fissures and expands as it
freezes, making the fissures bigger Consequently, every autumn maintenance work is
done to refill the cracks The repairer swings out in space over a 500- foot drop and fix the monument with the same mixture that Borglum used to preserve this national monument for future generations
14 In line 16, the word “fissures” refers to
15 According to the passage, Borglum’s son
16 The men who Borglum hired were
Trang 717 It can be inferred from the passage that
the designs had large fissures in them
18 Borglum’s mixture for filling cracks was
19 Today Mount Rushmore needs
A
B
C
D
to be protected from air pollution
to be polished for tourists
to be restored during the winter
to be repaired periodically
Passage 4: Questions 20 – 24
History books record that the first with sound The Jazz Singer in 1927 But sound films, or “talkies,” did not suddenly appear after years of silent screenings From the earliest public performances in 1896, films were accompanied by music and sound effects These were produced by a single pianist, a small band, or a full-scale orchestra; large movie theaters could buy sound-effects machines Research into sound that was reproduced at exactly the same time as the pictures- called “ synchronized sound” – began soon after the very first films were shown With synchronized sound, characters
on the movie screen could sing and speak As early as 1896, the newly invented gramophone, which played a large disc carrying music and dialogue, was used as a sound system The biggest disadvantage was that the sound and pictures could become unsynchronized if, for example, the gramophone needle jumped or if the speed of the projector changed This system was only effective of a single song or dialogue sequence
Trang 8In the “sound –on –film” system, sounds were recorded as a series of marks
on celluloid which could be read by an optical sensor These signals would be placed
on the film alongside the image, guaranteeing synchronization Short feature films were produced in this way as early as 1922 This system eventually brought us
21 According to the passage, films using sound effects were screened
23 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a producer of sound to accompany
Trang 10Test 2
Passage1 : Questions 1 – 10
Franklin D Roosevelt, the 32nd president of the United States, was from a wealthy, well-known family As a child, he attended private school, had private tutors, and traveled with his parents to Europe He attended Harvard University, and afterward studied law At age 5 Roosevelt suddenly developed polio, a disease that left him without the full use of his legs for the rest of his life Even through the worst of his illness, however, he continued his life in politics In 1924 he appeared at the Democratic National Convention to nominate Al Smith for president, and eight years after that he himself was nominated for the same office Roosevelt was elected to the presidency during the Great Depression of the 1930s, at a time when more than 5,000
banks had failed and thousands of people were out of work Roosevelt took action
First he declared a bank holiday that closed all the banks so no more could fail; then he
reopened the banks little by little with government support Roosevelt believed in using the full power of government to help what he called the "forgotten people." And
it was these workers, the wage earners, who felt the strongest affection toward
Roosevelt There were others, however, who felt that Roosevelt's policies were destroying the American system of government, and they opposed him in the same intense way that others admired him
In 1940 the Democrats nominated Roosevelt for an unprecedented third term
No president in American history had ever served three terms, but Roosevelt felt an
obligation not to quit while the United States' entry into World War II was looming in
the future He accepted the nomination and went on to an easy victory
1 What does the passage mainly discuss?
criticisms of Roosevelt's actions
Trang 112 Which one of the following statements is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A
B
C
D
Roosevelt was elected during the Great Depression
Roosevelt voted for Al Smith
Roosevelt had difficulty walking during his presidency
Roosevelt supported strong government powers
3 The phrase "took action" in lines 10 is used to illustrate the idea that Roosevelt
4 As used in line 12, the phrase "little by little" means that Roosevelt
5 The word "full" in line 13 could best be replaced by which of the following?
6 Where in the passage does the author discuss Roosevelt's response to the Great Depression?
7 The word "affection" as used in line 14 could best be replaced by which of the following?
A
B
fascination fondness
Trang 12C
D
lure appeal
8 The word "unprecedented" in line 18 could best be replaced by
9 It can be inferred from the passage that the people who liked Roosevelt best
10 In line 20, the author uses the word "looming" to indicate a feeling of
Passage 2: questions 11-22
Martin Luther King, Jr., is well known for his work in civil rights and for his many famous speeches, among them is his moving "I Have A Dream" speech But fewer people know much about King's childhood M.L., as he was called, was born in
1929 in Atlanta, Georgia, at 5 the home of his maternal grandfather M.L.'s grandfather, the Reverend A.D.Williams, purchased their home on Auburn Avenue in
1909, twenty years before M.L was born The Reverend Williams, an eloquent
speaker, played an important role in the community since so many people's lives centered around the church He allowed his church and his home to be used as a meeting place for a number of organizations dedicated to the education and social
Trang 13advancement of blacks M.L grew up in this atmosphere, with his home being used as
a community gathering place, and was no doubt influenced by it
M.L.'s childhood was not especially eventful His father was a minister and his
mother was a musician He was the second of three children, and he attended all- black schools in a black neighborhood The neighborhood was not poor, however Auburn Avenue was the main artery through a prosperous neighborhood that had come to
symbolize achievement for Atlanta's black people It was an area of banks, insurance companies, builders, jewelers, tailors, doctors, lawyers, and other black-owner black-
operated businesses and services Even in the face of Atlanta's segregation, the district
thrived Dr King never forgot the community spirit he had known as a child, nor did
he forget the racial prejudice that was a seemingly insurmountable barrier that kept black Atlantans from mingling with whites
11 What is this passage mainly about?
the neighborhood King grew up in
12 The word "eloquent" in line 6 means most nearly
13 The word "gathering" in line 10 could best be replaced by
Trang 1414 As used, the word "eventful" in line 12 is closest in meaning to which of the
15 In line 16, the word "it" refers to which of the following?
16 According to the author, blacks in King's neighborhood were involved in all the
following businesses and services EXCEPT
17 The word "tailors" in line 17 describes people who are associated with which of
the following trades?
18 According to the author, King was influenced by
19 The word "thrived" in line 19 refers to which of the following?
A achieved
Trang 15B
C
D
surrendered flourished held
20 As used in line 20, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word
21 The word "mingling" in line 21 could best be replaced by which of the
22 According to the author, M.L
Passage 3: Questions 23 – 28
Adam Smith thought up the principle of division of labor two centuries ago Well, to be honest, he couldn't be said to have invented it; the principle was used by the ancient Egyptians to build the pyramids He was however the person who put it down
in writing and it became the classic principle on which the Industrial Revolution was based Now, it's time for Adam to move over Re-engineering has appeared and appears to be taking over from the old principles
If you want to make a good company a better one, you need re-engineering The book by Michael Hammer and his co-author, Re-engineering the Corporations,
Trang 16calls for radically changing the way most companies are run No longer should work be divided into different tasks, but instead the whole process of work has to be re-conceptualized That is if a company wants to achieve more than an acceptable increase in productivity and profits
Today business is no longer a series of functions, but a process of work that requires a horizontal set-up There should be team work New procedures and new strategies should be continually established Information technology must be fully utilized Above all, production should be geared towards serving customers better and taking full advantage of new technologies Re-engineering involves a totally new approach to business, one which if achieved will lead to steady, even sensational, improvements in performance and consequently in market share
23 What is the main topic of the passage?
That he was instrumental in helping start the Industrial Revolution
That he wrote the principle of the division of labor
That he created the principal on which the Industrial Revolution was based
That he wrote about the ancient Egyptians
25 What doesn't re-engineering call for?
A
B
C
D
The process of work should be re-conceptualized
Work should be divided into different tasks
The way companies are run should be changed
Business should be managed in a different way
26 What is the most important factor in re-engineering?
A
B
Team work New strategies
Trang 17C
D
Information technology The customer
27 Which of the following best describes the author's attitude to re-engineering
University in New York For a few years after that he roamed the world as a seaman, visiting ports around the world and writing some poetry He returned to the United
States and attended Lincoln University, where he won the Witter Bynner Prize for undergraduate poetry After graduating in 1928, he traveled to Spain and to Russia with the help of a Guggenheim fellowship
His novels include Not without Laughter (1930) and The Big Sea (1940) He
wrote an autobiography in 1956 and also published several collections of poetry The
collections include The Weary Blues (1926), The Dream Keeper (1932), Shakespeare
in Harlem (1942), Fields of Wonder (1947), One Way 15 Ticket (1947), and Selected Poems (1959) A man of many talents, Hughes was also a lyricist, librettist, and a
journalist As an older man in the 1960s he spent much of his time collecting poems from Africa and from African-Americans to popularize black writers Hughes is one of
the most accomplished writers in American literary history, and he is seen as one of
the artistic leaders of the Harlem Renaissance, the period when a neighborhood that
was predominantly black produced a flood of great literature, music, and other art forms depicting daily city life for African-Americans
Trang 1828 What is the main topic of this passage?
29 Where was Langston Hughes born?
30 The word "roamed" as used in line 4 is closest in meaning to which of the
31 As used in line 5, which of the following words could best replace the word
32 To which of the following movements might "Shakespeare in Harlem" refer to?
33 What provided Hughes with assistance for his travel to Spain and Russia?
A
B
his job as a reporter his career as a soldier
Trang 19C
D
a literary fellowship
a college study program
34 The word "talents" in line 13 could be replaced by which of the following?
35 According to the author, what did Hughes do during the later years of his life?
write about life in Harlem
36 Which of the following could best replace the word "accomplished" as used in
37 The author uses the word "flood" in line 18 to refer to
screening portraying
39 According to the passage, Langston Hughes was all of the following EXCEPT
A a novelist
Trang 21Test 3
Passage 1: Questions 1-9
In a primitive society, family and tribe provide all the education that the young receive, and are the sole transmitters of culture But when language characters develop and an alphabet and number system have reached a certain stage, there comes a demand for some formal teaching and so schools are established for a select few –
prospective rules and priests – to supplement the education given by family and tribe
When society becomes modern and complex, school does not lose its supplementary
character; for however wide its scope and curriculum, it still remains true that the family is the first educator and a life-long influence But in our modern way of life, the
functions of the family tend to diminish, some to be assumed by school and still more
Education is not very far advanced in primitive societies
The family and tribe control all aspects of life in the society
Culture is passed to the children by the family and the tribe
Schools transmit some aspects of culture to the young
2 According to the passage, as society develops linguistically:
A
B
C
D
learning language characters becomes more in demand
alphabet and number systems are started
the family leaves all education to the schools
a different educational system is requested
3 According to the passage, in the early stages of development, formal teaching
A
B
C
D
is only provided for rulers and religious people
is demanded by many sectors of society
is given only in a few select language schools
is dependent on the development of language characters
Trang 224 The word “prospective” in line 5 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
5 As society becomes modern
A
B
C
D
school becomes of central importance
education gets increasingly complex
the role of the family becomes supplementary
the school curriculum exerts a life-long influence
6 In line 6 “its” refers to which of the following?
7 The author says that in our way of life today:
A
B
C
D
education is less important than it was
education depends on other agencies
school tends to take over some of the family roles
the family continues it educational function
8 The word “diminish” in line 9 is closest in meaning to which of the following?
9 It can be inferred that the next sentence after the passage would look at:
A
B
C
D
the serious dangers affecting modern society
the growth of formal teaching of the years
the function of education both in primitive and modern society
the effects of the diminishing of the functions of the family
Trang 23Passage 2: Questions 10-18
The relationship of economics to history is rather different from that of the
other social sciences Curious as it may sound, this relationship in many respects comes close to that between history and literature Economics, after all, is the science (in the
broad meaning of the term) of something which men actually do Even if the science
did not exist, men would still make economic decisions, economic predictions, and participate in the various forms of economic organization which, in part, it is the economist’s function to describe Similarly, the disciplined study of literature is concerned with something which men would also do anyway even if the disciplined study did not exist: compose poems, act out dramas, write novels, and read them Political science, or the discipline of politics, has, it is true, many similarities to economics, particularly where it is concerned with generalization about political structures
10 What does the passage mainly discuss?
A
B
C
D
The similarity between economics and politics
History and literature’s curious relationship
A definition of economics
Economics interrelationship with other subjects
11 History is related to economics
A
B
C
D
in many different kinds of ways
in a different way from its relationship to literature
in the same way as it is related to literature
just as political science is related to economics
12 The social science mentioned in the passage is
Trang 2413 The word “broad” in line 4 is the closest meaning to which of the following?
14 Economics looks at:
A
B
C
D
all kinds of decision making
people’s real-life behavior
broad aspects of organization over time
the description of historical events
15 The word “that” in line 1 refers to
the other social sciences
16 Studying literature involves
A
B
C
D
much hard work
putting poems and plays to music
looking at some normal activities of man
reading and writing novels
17 Where in the passage does the author describe economics?
18 The next paragraph after the passage probably discusses
A
B
C
D
the way political science and sociology relate to history
how literature is systematically studied at university
in what way economics may be considered to be a science
the differences between social sciences and natural sciences
Trang 25Passage 3: Questions 19-27
Fish that live on the sea bottom benefit by being flat and hugging the contours
There are two very different types of flatfish and they have evolved in very separate ways The skates and rays, relatives of sharks, have become flat in what might be called the obvious way Their bodies have grown out sideways to form great “wings” They look as though they have been flattened but have remained symmetrical and “the
right way up” Conversely, fish such as plaice, sole, and halibut have become flat in a
different way They are bony fish which have a marked tendency to be flattened in a vertical direction; they are much “taller” than they are wide They use their whole, vertically flattened bodies as swimming surfaces, which undulate through the water as they move Therefore, when their ancestors migrated to the seabed, they lay on one side rather than on their bellies However, this raised the problem that one eye was always looking down into the sand and was effectively useless In evolution this problem was solved by the lower eye “moving” around to the other side
We see this process of moving around enacted in the development of every young bony flatfish It starts life swimming near the surface, and is symmetrical and vertically flattened, but then the skull starts to grow in a strange asymmetrical twisted fashion, so that one eye, for instance the left, moves over the top of the head to finish
on the other side The young fish settles on the sea bottom, with both its eyes looking upwards, an odd Picasso-like vision Incidentally, some species of flatfish settle on the right side, others on the left, and others on either side
19 The passage mainly concerned with:
different types of flatfish
20 The phrase “hugging the contours” in line 1 means
A
B
swimming close to the seabed
hiding in the sand at the bottom of the sea
Trang 26C
D
floating just below the surface
lying still on the sea bottom
21 In line 3-6 the author mentions the skates and rays as examples of fish that
have one eye each side of the head
have one eye underneath the head
have two eyes on top of the head
have eyes that move around the head
23 The word “conversely” in line 6 is closest in meaning to
24 According to the passage, fish such as plaice
A
B
C
D
have difficulty in swimming
live near the surface
have poor eyesight
have distorted heads
25 According to the passage, the ability of a bony flatfish to move its eyes around
Trang 27Passage 4: Questions 28- 34
Memory is a vital characteristic of the human species Organisms evolve to adapt to their environments in many different ways There are, however, two broad
classes of adaptation The first of these involves preprogramming the organism to cope
with its environment so that it is born with all the necessary instincts and equipment to operate efficiently with virtually no learning This is clearly a very successful means of adaptation and has enabled enormous range of organisms, from plants, bacteria and insects to “simple” vertebrates, to continue to flourish for millions of years Such organisms have their mode of adaptation “wired in” and, as such, have minimal need for learning or memory The second involves the production of an organism which is adaptable Here, there is much less preprogramming, and the organism is left to modify its behavior in response to its environment This allows for considerably greater complexity and variability of behavior It also demands a larger brain and is heavily dependent on the capacity to learn and remember The human race is the obvious example of this form of evolution – our ability to learn and remember has allowed us to develop tools and language, technologies which in turn vastly increased our ability to store and communicate more information through writing, and subsequently films, videos, and computers, all of which can be regarded as an extension of the memory However, without the individual’s memory, the vast storage of the information in the libraries all over the world would be incomprehensible Accordingly, the ability to
Trang 28learn and remember, allowing as it does for the development of language, is perhaps
our most crucial characteristic
28 What is the main idea of the passage?
29 In line 3 the word “first” refers to
have inbuilt resources
continually adapt to the environment
have no memory
are unable to learn
31 According to the passage, the organism of the second class
A
B
C
D
changes the behavior constantly
relies upon its memory
modifies the environment
learns very quickly
32 The author suggests that a human being’s memory is
A
B
C
D
partly responsible for the growth of the language
a tool used for understanding
supported by technological advances
dependent upon the storage of writing
Trang 2933 It can be inferred from the passage that man’s most important characteristic is
A
B
C
D
the ability to speak
the capacity to remember
the skill of storing information
an aptitude for writing
34 The word “crucial” in line 21 is closest in meaning to
Trang 30Test 4
Passage 1: Questions 1- 10
Rachel Carson was born in 1907 in Springs dale, Pennsylvania She studied biology in college and zoology at Johns Hopkins University, where she received her master’s degree in 1933 In 1936, she was hired by the U.S Fish and Wildlife Service, where she worked most of her life
Carson’s first book, Under the Sea Wind, was published in 1941 It received excellent reviews, but sales were poor until it was reissued in 1952 In that year, she published The Sea Around Us, which provided a fascinating look beneath the ocean’s surface, emphasizing human history as well as geology and marine biology Her imagery and language had a poetic quality Carson consulted no less than 1000 printed sources She had voluminous correspondence and frequent discussions with experts in the field However, she always realized the limitations of her nontechnical readers
In 1926, Carson published Silent Spring, a book that sparked considerable
controversy It proved how much harm was done by the uncontrolled, reckless use of
insecticides She detailed how they poison the food supply of animals, kill birds and fish, and contaminate human food At the time, spokesmen for the chemical industry mounted personal attacks against Carson and issued propaganda to indicate that her
findings were flawed However, her work was vindicated by a 1963 report of the
President’s Science Advisory Committee
1 The passage mainly discusses Rachel Carson’s work
Trang 31Literature Zoology
3 When she published her first book, Carson was closest to the age of
sold many copies
5 Which of the following was NOT mentioned in the passage as a source of information for The Sea Around Us?
A research expedition Letters from scientists
6 Which of the following words or phrases is LEAST accurate in describing The Sea Around Us?
Fascinating Well researched
7 The word “reckless” in line 13 is closest in meaning to
A
B
unnecessary limited
Trang 32C
D
continuous irresponsible
8 According to the passage, Silent Spring is primarily
A
B
C
D
an attack on the use of chemical preservatives in food
a discussion of the hazards insects pose to the food supply
a warning about the dangers of misusing insecticides
an illustration of the benefits of the chemical industry
9 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “flawed” in line 17 ?
10 Why does the author of the passage mention the report of the President’s
Science Advisory Committee?
A
B
C
D
To provide an example of government propaganda
To support Carson’s ideas
To indicate a growing government concern with the environment
To validate the chemical industry’ claims
Passage 2: Questions 11- 19
The influenza virus is a single molecule composed of millions of individual atoms Although bacteria can be considered a type of plant, secreting poisonous substances into the body of the organism they attack, viruses, like the influenza virus,
are living organisms themselves We may considered them regular chemical molecules since they have strictly defined atomic structure: but not on the other hand, we must also consider them as being alive since they are able to multiply in unlimited
quantities
An attack brought on by the presence of the influenza virus in the body produces a temporary immunity, but, unfortunately, the protection is against only the type of virus that caused the influenza Because the disease can be produced by any
Trang 33one of three types, referred to as A, B, or C, and many strains within each type, immunity to one virus will not prevent infection by another type or strain
Approximately every ten years, worldwide epidemics of influenza called
pandemics occur Thought to be caused by new strains of type-A virus, these
pandemic viruses have spread rapidly, infecting millions of people Epidemics or regional outbreaks have appeared on the average every two or three years for type- A virus, and every four or five years for type- B virus
11 With what topic is the passage primarily concerned?
13 The word “themselves” in line 4 refers to
14 The word “strictly” in line 5 could best be replaced by
15 Why does the author say that viruses are alive?
A They have a complex atomic structure
Trang 34They need warmth and light
16 The atomic structure of viruses
is more complex than that of bacteria
17 The word “unlimited” in line 6 could best be replaced by which of the
18 The author names all the following as characteristics of pandemics EXCEPT
19 The word “strains” in line 14 is closest in meaning to
Passage 3: Questions 20- 29
Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures
may be found in every known culture The basic function of a signal is to impinge
upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots
Trang 35and dashes of a telegraph circuit Coded to refer to speech, the potential for
communication is very great Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or
signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions In
some cultures, applauding in a theatre provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages
Although signals, signs, symbols and gestures are very useful, they do have major disadvantages They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver As a result, means of communication intended
to be used for long distances and extended periods are based upon speech Radio, television, and the telephone are only a few
20 Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
21 What does the author say about speech?
A
B
C
D
It is the only true form of communication
It is dependent upon the advances made by inventors
It is necessary for communication to occur
It is the most advanced form of communication
22 According to the passage, what is a signal?
A
B
C
D
The most difficult form of communication to describe
A form of communication which may be used across long distances
A form of communication that interrupts the environment
The form of communication related most to cultural perceptions
Trang 3623 The phrase “impinge upon” in line 3-4 is closest in meaning to
24 The bold typed word “it” in line 4 refers to
25 The word “potential” in line 5 could be best replaced by
26 The word “intricate” in line 9 could best be replaced by
27 Applauding was cited as an example of
Trang 3729 It may be concluded from this passage that
A
B
C
D
signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are forms of communication
symbols are easy to define and interpret
only some cultures have signals, signs, and symbols
waving and handshaking are not related to culture
Passage 4: Questions 30- 37
Alice Walker has written books of poetry and short stories, a biography, and
several novels She is probably best known for her novel The Color Purple, published
in 1982 The book vividly narrates the richness and complexity of black people –
especially black women – in Georgia in the 1920s and 1930s Although the novel came under bitter attack by certain critics and readers, it was applauded by others and won both the American Book Award and the Pulitzer Prize for fiction It became a best- seller, selling over 4 million copies, and it was made into a successful film by noted
director Steven Spielberg The novel reveals the honor, drudgery and joy of black life
in rural Georgia It gets much of its special flavor from its use of the words, rhythm, and grammar of black English and from its epistolary style Telling a story through letters was a narrative structure commonly used by eighteenth-century novelists, but it
is not often used in contemporary fiction Unlike most epistolary novels, which have
the effect of distancing the reader from the events described by the letter writer, The
Color Purple uses the letter form to draw the reader into absolute intimacy with the
poor, uneducated, but wonderfully observant Celie, the main character of the novel So the reader applauds when Celie, like William Faulkner’s character Dilsey, does not
simply survive, but prevails
30 What is the passage mainly about?
A book by Alice Walker and reactions to it
Trang 3831 According to the passage, The Color Purple is a book of
32 The word “vividly” in line 3 is closest in meaning to
33 Which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “drudgery” in line 8?
34 The author mentions eighteen-century novelists because
A
B
C
D
their book, like The Color Purple, made use of the epistolary style
The Color Purple is based on episodes in their books Their novels have a sense of absolute intimacy Their books, like those of Alice Walker, were attacked by critics but enjoyed by readers
35 Why does the author mention Dilsey?
A
B
C
D
He is a main character in The Color Purple
He is similar to Celie in one way
He is the person on whom Celie was based
He wrote a book somewhat similar to The Color Purple
36 The word “prevails” in line 17 is closest in meaning to
A
B
C
changes resists triumphs
Trang 40Test 5
Passage 1: Questions 1-12
Situated in the central mountains of Alaska, a peak named Denali rises 20,320 feet above sea level It is the highest peak in North America and the center of Denali
National Park One of America's greatest wilderness areas, the park has had limited
access to visitors, but in spite of this tourism rose from under 6,000 visitors in 1950 to
over 546,000 visitors in 1990 The increasing popularity of this park is prompting serious discussions about the future use of Denali as well as how to preserve
wilderness areas in general
One important issue of land use arises when parts of National Parks are owned
by individuals In Denali, though most of the land in this vast tract of more than a
million acres is owned by the National Park Service, several thousand acres are still
privately owned as mining tracts These mining tracts in Denali were once abundant
sources of gold, but they were sources of heavy metals such as arsenic and lead that polluted rivers and streams
Environmentalists were successful in getting the government to require mining
companies to submit statements showing the potential impact of a mining project
before they are allowed to begin mining Because of this requirement, many individuals closed their mines and some sold their land to the National Park Service Some land owners, however, are wondering if it is better to sell their land to the government or keep it for possible future use Tourism in this previously remote area is bound to rise, as more roads are built to provide easier access to the park This increase
in the number of visitors creates a demand for hotels and other real estate development The economic implications of this are of interest to the land owners, but are dismaying
to those interested in preserving the wilderness
1 What is the primary focus of this passage?
A
B
controversies over land use in Denali miners selling their property in Denali