American Indians are actually many different groups of people, each with its own name, its own history, and its own way of life.. Today, they work for a better future for all American In
Trang 1Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction • Glossary
• Captions
• Headings
ISBN 0-328-17498-X
ì<(sk$m)=bhejia< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
by Maureen Blaney Flietner
Fascinating Facts
• American Indians did not become United
States citizens until 1924
• There were once hundreds of groups of
California Indians in California who spoke
more than one hundred languages
• The word Indian, the name for the people
who lived in the Americas, came from a
mistake In 1492 Christopher Columbus
thought he had reached the East Indies,
so he named the people “Indians.”
Old and New in
American Indian Life
Scott Foresman Social Studies
Nonfi ction • Glossary
• Captions
• Headings
ISBN 0-328-17498-X
ì<(sk$m)=bhejia< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
by Maureen Blaney Flietner
Fascinating Facts
• American Indians did not become United
States citizens until 1924
• There were once hundreds of groups of
California Indians in California who spoke
more than one hundred languages
• The word Indian, the name for the people
who lived in the Americas, came from a
mistake In 1492 Christopher Columbus
thought he had reached the East Indies,
so he named the people “Indians.”
Old and New in
American Indian Life
Trang 2Write to It!
Many American Indian groups run businesses
to earn money Write one paragraph about a business that you might like to run when you are an adult
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet
of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-17498-X
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of
America This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or
transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott
Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©A Ramey/PhotoEdit
2 ©Trevor Wood/Getty Images
3 ©Owen Franken/Corbis
4 ©Corbis
6 ©Eastcott-Momatiuk/The Image Works, Inc.
8 ©AFP/Getty Images
9 ©Deborah Davis/PhotoEdit
10 ©Michael S Lewis/Corbis
12 ©Alex Wong/Getty Images
14 ©George H H Huey/Corbis
15 ©A Ramey/PhotoEdit
In this book you will begin to learn about
the California Indians of California They
are often called the “first people” because
they lived here long before white settlers
came American Indians are actually many
different groups of people, each with its own
name, its own history, and its own way of
life They have lived through many changes
Today, they work for a better future for all
American Indian people
custom tradition ceremony climate adapt weather folklore
reservation government laws constitution cooperate interact
Vocabulary
Editorial Offices: Glenview, Illinois • Parsippany, New Jersey • New York, New York Sales Offices: Needham, Massachusetts • Duluth, Georgia • Glenview, Illinois Coppell, Texas • Sacramento, California • Mesa, Arizona
by Maureen Blaney Flietner
Old and New in
American Indian Life
Trang 3American Indians in California
American Indians have a special history with the
state of California They were the first people to
live here
Each tribe, or group, has its own name Each
group has its own language and its own customs
Each group also has its own traditions and
ceremonies to honor special times.
Many California Indians still live in California.
3
California has more American Indians than any other state in the country American Indians are citizens of the United States as well as members
of their groups Many California Indians are part
of the groups who first lived here Other American Indians have moved to California To understand today’s American Indian people, we should start by looking at their past
American Indians are United States citizens.
Trang 4American Indian groups knew a lot about the
areas in which they lived Each group knew about
climate and how to adapt to the weather They
learned how to use plants, animals, land, and water
wisely American Indians honored, or respected, all
living things
American Indians taught what they learned
through folklore Their stories, songs, and dances
might tell about how to be a good person
5
American Indian children attended schools in the early 1900s This school is in Pennsylvania.
When European settlers came to American Indian lands, life changed for the American Indians For many years, they were not treated fairly Promises
of land and help for them were not kept They were forced to move many times
American Indians were not always allowed to speak their own languages, sing their songs, or tell their stories Many started to forget what they knew about their groups
Trang 5Some California Indian groups used to have
thousands of members Today, some only have as
many as three hundred people
Some groups no longer know how to speak
their own language For example, the Wiyots
only speak English Some younger members are
trying to learn the Wiyot language by listening
to recordings of people speaking their language
years ago
7
American Indians Today
Today many American Indians live much like other people They wear the same clothes They drive cars They work at many different jobs Some American Indians are teachers or scientists Some are artists, businesspeople, lawyers, or athletes
Richard Stephens is a member of the Pala Band
of Mission Indians In 2004 he was honored by
an American Indian group for being a very good businessperson
Some American Indians are trying to learn their group’s language.
Trang 6Naomi Lang, born in California, is an ice dancer
She is a member of the Karuk which once lived in
the northwest valleys She is the first American
Indian woman to have competed in the Winter
Olympic Games She and her partner have been
United States ice dancing champions many times
Naomi Lang was the first American Indian female to
compete in a Winter Olympics Games.
9
Today, some American Indians live in big cities
Others live in small towns or areas between small towns and cities
Some American Indians live on reservations
that were set up by the government of the United States Many reservations are located in California
Small reservations are called rancherias San Diego
County has more reservations than any other U.S
county Only a small number of the American Indians who live in that county live on reservations
Some American Indians live on reservations.
Trang 7Many American Indian groups run their
own reservations Each can have its own tribal
government and make its own laws Each can
set up its own constitution Each group now can
run businesses on its reservation
The Bishop Paiute (PEYE-yoot) Reservation
has a restaurant, a doctor’s office, a museum, and
educational programs
11
Fort Mojave Indians, who still live in the desert region, have a hotel that makes money for them
They also make money by letting a company have a power plant there
The Washo live in the mountains and valleys of California They raise cattle on their land
Some groups run businesses
on reservations.
Trang 8An American Indian Museum
In 2004 the National Museum of the American
Indian opened in Washington, D.C The museum
teaches people about the many American Indian
groups
The museum has featured the work of many
American Indian artists Some were from California
One artist was Kimberly Stevenot of the Sierra
Miwok Stevenot makes baskets using berries,
shells, and pine nuts just like the Miwok did long
ago
13
The National Museum of the American Indian has many exhibits One exhibit looks at what eight different groups think about the earth and how they honor all living things One group chosen to be part of the exhibit is the Hupa from California
Another museum display shows how eight groups
of American Indians live today A California group
is included in this exhibit too It is the Campo Band of Kumeyaay Indians who once lived from the coast to the mountains near San Diego, California
Museums help teach about American Indian culture.
Trang 9Remember how American Indian groups used
the plants and animals of their native lands?
Today many scientists want to learn what these
groups know The scientists want to use the plants
and help the animals just as the American Indian
groups have done for centuries American Indians
are working with others to protect the land, water,
and animals
Many scientists want to learn about how
American Indians lived in the past.
15
Working Together to Reach Goals
Today, many California Indian groups cooperate
with one another and with other people They hold powwows, or gatherings, so everyone can enjoy their stories, songs, and dances Groups that have more money share with those groups that have less
American Indians interact with other people to
protect areas special to them and to work for laws that help their groups
Today, American Indians do not live the way they did in the past They still keep many customs, however, and teach them to their children
There is much to learn and enjoy at American Indian gatherings.
Trang 10adapt to change to fit new conditions
ceremony an important activity done for a
special reason
climate the weather an area usually has year
after year
constitution a written plan for a government
cooperate to work together
custom a way of doing things
folklore the stories and customs of a group of people
government the people who run a country or
the laws of a country
interact to talk to other people and work with them
laws rules made by the government
reservation an area of land set aside by the
United States government for American Indians
tradition a special way a group of people does
something and passes on to others
weather the temperature and conditions of the
air outside at a certain place and time
16
Write to It!
Many American Indian groups run businesses
to earn money Write one paragraph about a business that you might like to run when you are an adult
Write your paragraph on a separate sheet
of paper.
ISBN: 0-328-17498-X
Copyright © Pearson Education, Inc All Rights Reserved Printed in the United States of
America This publication is protected by Copyright, and permission should be obtained
from the publisher prior to any prohibited reproduction, storage in a retrieval system, or
transmission in any form by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or
likewise For information regarding permission(s), write to: Permissions Department, Scott
Foresman, 1900 East Lake Avenue, Glenview, Illinois 60025.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Photographs
Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for photographic material The publisher deeply regrets any omission and pledges to correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman, a division of Pearson Education.
Photo locators denoted as follows: Top (T), Center (C), Bottom (B), Left (L), Right (R) Background (Bkgd) Opener: ©A Ramey/PhotoEdit
2 ©Trevor Wood/Getty Images
3 ©Owen Franken/Corbis
4 ©Corbis
6 ©Eastcott-Momatiuk/The Image Works, Inc.
8 ©AFP/Getty Images
9 ©Deborah Davis/PhotoEdit
10 ©Michael S Lewis/Corbis
12 ©Alex Wong/Getty Images
14 ©George H H Huey/Corbis
15 ©A Ramey/PhotoEdit
In this book you will begin to learn about
the California Indians of California They
are often called the “first people” because
they lived here long before white settlers
came American Indians are actually many
different groups of people, each with its own
name, its own history, and its own way of
life They have lived through many changes
Today, they work for a better future for all
American Indian people
custom tradition ceremony climate adapt weather folklore
reservation government laws constitution cooperate interact
Vocabulary