Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành

Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành, Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành, Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành, Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành, Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành, Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngànhGiáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành, Giáo trình tiếng anh chuyên ngành

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIT 1: LIVING IN A DIGITAL AGE 2

UNIT 2: COMPUTER ESSENTIALS 8

UNIT 3: INSIDE THE SYSTEM 14

UNIT 5: OUTPUT DEVICES: DISPLAY SCREENS 21

UNIT 6: OPTICAL STORAGE 28

UNIT 7: FLASH MEMORY 35

UNIT 8: THE OPERATING SYSTEM (OS) 43

UNIT 9: USING A WORD PROCESSOR 50

UNIT 10: DATABASE 58

UNIT 11: THE INTERNET AND EMAIL 62

UNIT 12 THE WEB 73

UNIT 13 CHAT AND CONFERENCING 82

UNIT 14: INTERNET SECURITY 90

UNIT 15: GRAPHICS AND DESIGN 97

UNIT 16: MULTIMEDIA 103

UNIT 17: WEB DESIGN 110

UNIT 18: PROGRAM DESIGN AND COMPUTER LANGUAGES 116

UNIT 19: JAVA 122

UNIT 20: COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS 129

UNIT 21: NETWORKS 135

UNIT 22: NEW TECHNOLOGIES 142

APPENDIX: GLOSSARY 153

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UNIT 1: LIVING IN A DIGITAL AGE VOCABULARY

1 Access the Internet: truy cập mạng

2 Built-in: được gắn liền vào (máy tính)

3 Carry out: tiến hành

4 Database: cơ sở dữ liệu

5 Digit: chữ số, hàng số

6 Display data: hiển thị dữ liệu

7 Do research: nghiên cứu

8 Global Positioning System (GPS): hệ thống định vị toàn cầu

9 Keep/ store/ save records/information: ghi chép, lưu trữ hồ sơ/ thông tin

10 Monitor: màn hình máy tính

11 Perform mathematical operation: thực hiện lệnh tính, toán

12 Personal Identification Number (PIN): số nhận dạng cá nhân

13 Personal Digital Assistant (PDA): máy kỹ thuật số trợ lý cá nhân

14 Secure: bảo đảm, an toàn

15 Store: lưu trữ

16 The digital age/ the information age/ the computer age: thời đại kĩ thuật số/ thời đại thông tin/

thời đại của máy tính

17 Word processor: bộ xử lý văn bản

The digital age

We are now living in what some people call the digital age, meaning that computers have become an essential part of our lives Young people who have grown up with PCs and mobile phones are often called the digital generation Computers help students to perform mathematical operations and improve their Maths skills They are used to access the Internet, to do basic research and to communicate with other students around the world

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Teachers use projectors and interactive whiteboards to give presentations and teach sciences, history

or language courses PCs are also used for administrative purposes – schools use word processors to write letters, and databases to keep records of students and teachers A school website allows teachers to publish exercises for students to complete online Students can also enroll for courses via the website and parents can download official reports

Mobiles let you make voice calls, send texts, email people and download logos, ringtones or games With a built – in camera you can send pictures and make video calls in face-to-face mode New smartphones combine a telephone with web access, video, a games console, an MP3 player, a personal digital assistant (PDA) and a GPS navigation system, all in one

In banks, computers store information about the money held by each customer and enable staff to access large databases and to carry out financial transactions at high speed They also control the cashpoints, or ATMs ( automatic teller machines), which dispense money to customers by the use of

a PIN-protected card People use a Chip and PIN card to pay for goods and services, instead of using

a signature to verify payments, customers are asked to enter a four-digit personal identification number (PIN), the same number used at cashpoints, this system makes transactions more secure With online banking, clients can easily pay bills and transfer money from the comfort of their homes

Airline pilots use computers to help the control the plane For example, monitors display data about fuel consumption and weather conditions In airport control towers, computers are used to manage radar systems and regulate air traffic On the ground, airlines are connected to travel agencies by

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computer Travel agents use computers to find out about the availability of flights, prices, times, stopovers and many other details

1 Comprehension check

Find the answers to these questions in the text

1 What does the term ― the digital generation‖ refer to?

2 How are modern technologies used at school?

 Students:

 Teachers:

3 What can a person do with a smart phone?

4 Why should computers be used in banks?

5 Where are computers used to display data about fuel consumption, weather condition and traffic?

2 Translation

Translate the text into Vietnamese

Verbs and nouns often go together in English to make set phrases, for example access the

Internet These word combinations are called collocations, and they are very common

On the other way, Collocation refers to how words go together or form fixed

relationships Learning collocations instead of individual words can help you remember

which verb to use with which noun Here are some examples from the text:

Perform operations, do research, make calls, send texts, display data, write

letters; store information, complete exercises, carry out transactions

Practice 1: Match the verbs (1 - 5) with the nouns ( a - e) to make collocations

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1 Thanks to Wi-Fi, it‘s now easy to ……… from cafes, hotels, parks and other public places

2 Online banking lets you ……… between your accounts easily and securely

3 Skype is a technology that enables users to ……… over the Internet for free

4 In many universities, students are encouraged to ……… using PowerPoint in order to make their talks more visually attractive

5 The Web has revolutionized the way people ……… -with sites such as Google and Wikipedia, you can find the information you need in seconds

6 Cookies allow a website to ……… on a user‘s machine and later retrieve it; when you visit the website again, it remembers your preferences

7 With the latest mobile phones, you can ……….with multimedia attachments – pictures, audio, even video

Exercise 1: Complete this customer review from a website by putting the correct words from the box

perform word processor online download digital

built-in store personal monitor data

I bought a new MacBook Pro last month, and I‘ve been very happy with it so far The Intel Core 2 Duoprocessor is a real bonus, allowing the computer to (1)……… tasks faster than earlier MacBook models; the 160GB hard drive is large enough to (2)……… all of music, photos and video; and I didn‘t even need to by an external (3)……… -the widescreen 17‖ display is easy to look at, even for long periods of time

Another great feature is the (4)……… iSight camera; it can be used for webchats, to make video podcast, or even just to take (5)……… photos Software updates are easy, too: if you‘re (6)……… - just surfing the Web or appears asking if you want to (7)……… the update You just click OK, and it‘s done I don‘t even have to worry about security either Every time I transmit (8)……… from my computer on the Internet, Apple‘s Safari web browser protects my (9)……… information, such as bank details and credit card numbers, using a firewall

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The only criticism I have is the lack of good (5)……… such as Microsoft Word I had to buy a copy of Microsoft Office 2008 in the end, which cost an extra E99,95 – and that‘s with a student discount!

Exercise 2: Reorder the following words to make meaningful sentences

1 We/ records/ online activities/ of/ will/ keep/ not/your/

2 The Toyota Prius/ built-in monitor/ which/ a/ has/ your/ display/ about/ fuel/ speed/ location/ consumption/

3 You/ make/ over/ call/for/ lets/ Skype/ the Internet/ free/

4 You/ send/ to/ can/ friends/ texts/ free/ for/ with/ online/ latest/ our/ tariff/

5 Our/ server/ allows/ secure/to/ carry/ you/ out/ transaction/ with/ absolute/ confidence

Exercise 3: Underline mistakes in the following sentences and correct them

1 Mobiles enable users to make a phone, send text or email people

2 Instead of using a signature to verify payments, you are asked to transfer a PIN

3 Word processor is a type of program used for text manipulate

4 Users use computers to enter the net for many personal purposes

5 In order make their presentation more interesting, teachers often use projectors

Exercise 4: Translate the following paragraph into Vietnamese

In the last ten years, police have installed speed trap units on many busy roads These contain a radar set, a microprocessor and a camera equipped with a flash The radar sends out a beam of radio waves

at a frequency of 24 gigahertz This is equivalent to a wavelength of 1.25 cms If a car is moving towards the radar, the reflected signals will bounce back with a slightly smaller wavelength If away from the radar, the waves will reflect with a slightly longer wavelength The micro processor within the unit measures the difference in wavelength between outgoing and returning signals and calculates the speed of each vehicle If it is above the speed pre-set by the police, the camera takes a picture of the vehicle The information is stored on a smart card for transfer to the police computer The owner of the vehicle can then be traced using the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Centre database

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UNIT 2: COMPUTER ESSENTIALS VOCABULARY

1 Back up:lưu trữ dự phòng

2 Disk drive: ổ đĩa

3 Execute program: chạy chương trình

4 Hardware: phần cứng

5 Panel: bảng điện

6 Peripheral: thiết bị ngoại vi

7 Permanent: tạm thời

8 Physical unit: đơn vị vật lý

9 Plug (n): phích cắm, phích hai đầu

10 Process the data: xử lý dữ liệu

11 Port: cổng chuyển

12 Software: phần mềm

13 Storage device: thiết bị lưu trữ

14 To be fed into: được dẫn vào, được đưa vào

A computer system consists of two parts: hardware and software Hardware is any electronic or mechanical part you can see or touch Software is a set of instructions, called a program, which tells the computer what to do There are three basic hardware sections: the central processing unit (CPU), main memory and peripherals

On the rear panel of the computer there are several ports into which we can plug a wide range of peripherals – a modem, a digital camera, a scanner, etc They allow communication between the computer and the devices Modern desktop PCs have USB ports and memory card readers on the front panel

1 Comprehension check

1.1 Find the answers to these questions in the text

1 What are two main parts of a computer system? How do they work?

2 What is the function of the central processing unit?

3 What does the main memory use to hold the instructions and data?

4 What are peripherals?

5 Name some types of input/ output devices

1.2 Decide the following statements are True or False

1 A computer is an electronic device that manipulates information, or data It has the ability to store, retrieve, and process data

2 Computer hardware refers to objects that you can actually touch

3 The central processing unit (CPU) of a computer is a piece of software that carries out the

instructions of a computer program

Translate the text into Vietnamese

II LANGUAGE FOCUS: CLASIFYING

Classifying means putting things into groups or classes We can classify types of

computers, parts of a PC, etc Some typical expressions for classifying are:

 …are classified into X types/ categories

- Digital computers can be divided into five main types: mainframes, desktop

PCs, laptops, tablet PCs and hand held PDAs

- The basic configuration of a mainframe consists of a central system which

processes immense amounts of data very quickly

- A tablet PC is a type of notebook computer

Practice: Use suitable classifying expressions to complete these sentences

1 A computer ……….hardware and software

2 Peripherals ……….three types: input, output and storage devices

3 A word processing program ……….software which lets the user create and edit text

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4 ……….of network architecture: peer-to-peer, where all computer have the same capabilities, and client-server, where servers store and distribute data, and clients access this data

Exercise 1: Match the words (1-9) with the correct meanings (a-i)

1 Software a the brain of the computer

2 Peripherals b physical parts that make up a computer system

3 Main memory c programs which can be used on a particular computer

system

4 Hard drive d the information which is presented to the computer

5 Hard ware e results produced by a computer

6 Input f input devices attached to the CPU

7 Ports g section that holds programs and data while they are

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences below

1 ……… is a type of software which focuses on particular user tasks, such as word processing, games, or e-mail

A Operating system B Application C Programming

2 ……… allows the user to see, hear or touch the results of processed data

3 ……….captures live audio and video for transmission from one computer to another

4 ……….displays text, graphics, and video

5 ……… is permanent memory that can't be easily erased or destroyed unless the user deletes it

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6 ……… is a place to plug in devices

7 ……… is a program that locks out others from your computer

8 ……… is a program meant to harm other computers

Exercise 3: Describe the following diagram, using classifying expressions Make reference to your

own devices

Exercise 4: Translate the following paragraph into Vietnamese

The central processing unit (CPU) is a component of a computer system that carries out the instructions of a computer program, and is the primary element carrying out the computer‘s functions The central processing unit carries series of program instructions, executes both logical and arithmetical functions, and handles input/ output operations of the system The demand of activities to be performed by the CPU piqued the authors‘ interest on how CPU handles different tasks given by the user?

In order for a computer to be able to handle multiple applications simultaneously there must be an effective way of using the CPU Several processes may be running at the same time, so there has to

be some kind of order to allow each process to get its share of CPU time One of the most important

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components of the operating system is the kemel, which controls low-level processes which is typically unknown to the average user It controls how memory is read and written, the order in which processes are executed, how information is received and sent by devices like the monitor, keyboard and mouse, and decides how to interpret information received from networks Kemel is also the central component of most computer operating systems that bridges applications and computer peripherals

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UNIT 3: INSIDE THE SYSTEM

VOCABULARY

1 Arithmatic logicunit (ALU): bộ số học và logic

2 Bus width: độ rộng của bus

3 Chip: chip điện tử

4 Circuit: vi mạch

5 Clock speed: tốc độ đồng hồ

6 Control unit: bộ điều khiển

7 Dual in-line memory modules (DIMMs): các vùng bộ nhớ song song

8 Expansion slot: khe cắm mở rộng

9 Feature: đặc tính

10 Integrated circuit: vi mạch tích hợp

11 Motherboard: bảng mạch chính

12 Random access memory (RAM): bộ nhớ truy cập ngẫu nhiên

13 Read Only Memory (ROM): bộ nhớ chỉ đọc

14 Register: thanh ghi

The unit consists of three main parts:

 the Control Unit, which examines the instructions in the user's program, interprets each

instruction and causes the circuits and the rest of the components - disk drives, monitor, etc - to

be activated to execute the functions specified;

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 the Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), which performs mathematical calculations (+, - , etc) and

logical operations (AND OR NOT)

 the registers, which are high-speed units of memory used to store and control information One

of these registers is the Program Counter (PC) which keeps track of the next instruction to be performed in the main memory Another is the Instruction Register (IR) that is being executed The power and performance of a computer is partly determined by the speed of its processor A system clock sends out signals at fixed intervals to measure and synchronize the flow of data Clock speed is measured in gigahertz (GHz) For example, a CPU running at 4 GHz (four thousand million hertz, or cycles, per second) will able your PC to handle the most demanding applications

RAM and ROM

The programs and data which pass through the processor must be loaded into the main memory in order to be processed Therefore, when the user runs a program, the CPU looks for it on the hard disk and transfers a copy into the RAM chips RAM (random access memory) is volatile – that is,

its information is lost when the computer is turned off However, ROM (read only memory) is non-volatile, containing instructions and routines for the basic operations of the CPU The BIOS (basic input/output system) uses ROM to control communication with peripherals

RAM capacity can be expanded by adding extra chips, usually contained in small circuit

boards called dual in-line memory

modules (DIMMs)

Buses and cards

The main circuit board inside your system

is called the motherboard and contains the

processor, the memory chips, expansions

slots and controllers for peripherals,

a RAM chip

Factors affecting processor speed

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connected by buses – electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to communicate with each other For example, the front side bus carries all data that passes from the CPU to other devices

The size of a bus, called bus width, determines how much data can be transmitted It can be compared to the number of lanes on a motorway – the larger the width, the more data can travel along the bus For example, a 64-bit bus can transmit 64 bits of data

Expansion slots allow users to install expansion cards, adding features like sound, memory and network capabilities

1 Comprehension check

1.1 Read the text and then answer these questions

1 What are the main parts of the CPU

2 What does ALU stand for? What does it do?

3 What is the function of the system clock?

4 How much is one gigahertz?

5 What type of memory is temporary?

6 What type of memory is permanent and includes instructions need by the CPU?

7 How can RAM be increased?

8 What term is used to refer to the main printed circuit board?

9 What is a bus?

10 What is the benefit of having expansion slots?

1.2 Basing on the text, complete this diagram of a PC system

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2 Translation:

Translate the text into Vietnamese:

Practi

Compl ete the sentenc

es below with suitabl

e relative pronouns

1 That‘s the computer ……… I‘d like to buy

2 A webmaster is a person ……… designs, develop and maintains a website

3 A bus is an electronic pathway ……… carries signals between computer devices

4 Here‘s the DVD ……… you lent me!

5 Last night I met someone ……… works for GM as a software engineer

Practice 2: Make complete sentences basing on the cue words

1 CPU/ built/ single chip/ which/ execute/ program instructions

2 Programs/ data/ which/ pass/ processor/ must/ loaded/ into/ main memory

3 Buses/ electrical channels/ that/ allow/ devices/ inside/ computer/ communicate/ each other

4 Expansion slots/ allow/ install/ expansion cards

5 The registers/ high-speed units/ memory/ which/ use/ store/ control/ data

- We can define people or things with defining relative clauses We use the relative

pronoun who to refer to a person; we can also use that

E.g A logger is a person who/that keeps a web log (blog) or publishes online

diary

- We use the relative pronoun which/that to refer to a thing, not a person

E.g This is built into a single chip which executes program instructions and

coordinate the activities that take place within the computer system

- Relative pronouns can be left out when they are object of the relative clause

E.g The main circuit board (which/that) you have inside your system is called the

mother board

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Exercise 1: Are these sentences True of False

1 RAM stands for Random Access Memory

Exercise 2: Choose the correct words from the box to complete the sentences below

Chip buses central processing unit clock speed control unit

1 The ……… , or CPU, is like a brain which performs tasks for your computer

2 The CPU is built into as single ……… that executes program instructions and

coordinate activities within the system

3 The ……… is the part of the processor which is responsible for loading and

interpreting the individual instructions that make up a computer program

4 ……… is measured in gigahertz; for example, a processor running at 4Gz would give

you all the performance you need to run most applications

5 ……… are electrical channels which allow devices inside the computer to

communicate

Exercise 3: Choose the best phrase for each description below

1 It is the storing or keeping of information into the storage media for future use

A Input B Output C Storage

2 They are special keywords of response actions that you give to a computer to make it perform the uncertain task

A Commands B Data C Instructions

3 It is a set of instruction that tell the computer what to do

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A Commands B Programs C Operating system

4 It is to refer to the raw facts fed to a computer

A Data B Hard copy C Soft copy

5 It is used to transfer data to and from the CPU

A Control bus B Data bus C Address bus

6 It holds all temporarily data

7 It is a form of data storage in computers and other electronic devices that can not be easily altered or reprogrammed

8 It mentions to the size of a bus which determines how much data can be transmitted

A Clock speed B Bus depth C Bus width

Exercise 4: Translate the following paragraph into Vietnamese

Computers do all calculations using a code made of just two numbers – 0 and 1 This system is called binary code The electronic circuits in a digital computer detect the differences between two states: ON (the current passes through) or OFF (the current doesn‘t pass through) and represent these states as 1 and 0 Each 1 and 0 is called a binary digit, or bit

Bits are grouped into eight-digit codes that typically represent characters ( letters, numbers and symbols) Eight bits together are called a byte Thus, each character on a keyboard has its own arrangement of eight bits For example, 01000001 the letter A, 01000001 for B and 01000001 for C Computers use a standard code for the binary representation of characters This is the American Standard Code for Information Interchange, or ASCII In order to avoid complex calculations of bytes, we use bigger units such as kilobytes, megabytes and gigabytes

We use these units to describe the RAM memory, the storae capacity of disks and the size of a program or document

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3 Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): đèn thu hình (đèn tia âm cực)

4 Convert: làm biến đổi

5 Digital Video -Interface (DVI): video số tương tác

6 Display: màn hình

7 Emit: tỏa ra, phát ra

8 Energy consumption: sự tiêu hao năng lượng

9 Generate: tạo ra, sinh ra

10 Organic Light-Emitting Diodes (OLEDs): điốt hữu cơ phát quang

11 Plasma screen: màn hình plasma

12 Resolution: độ phân giải

13 Liquid Crystal - Display (LCD): màn hình tinh thể lỏng

14 Luminance: độ sáng

15 Thin film transistor (TFT): bóng bán dẫn dạng phim mỏng

16 Video adapter: bộ điều hợp video

17 Video projector: máy chiếu video

How screen displays work

Displays, often called monitors or screens, are the most-used output device on a computer They

provide instant feedback by showing your text and graphic images as you work or play

Most desktops displays use Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) or Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) technology, while nearly all portable computing devices, such as laptops, incorporate LCDs Because of their slimmer design and lower energy consumption, LCD monitors (also called flat panel or flat screen displays) are replacing CRTs

Two measurements describe the size of your display:

the aspect ratio and the screen size Historically,

computer displays, like most televisions, have had an aspect ratio of 4:3 – the width of the screen to the height is four to three For widescreen LCD displays, the aspect ratio is 16:9, very useful for viewing DVD movies, playing games and displaying multiple windows side by side High-definition TV also uses this format The viewable screen size is measured diagonally, so a 19th screen measures 19‖ from the top left to the bottom right

Inside the computer there is a video adapter, or graphic card, which processes images and sends signals to the monitor CRT monitors use a VGA (video graphics adapter) cable, which converts digital signals into analogue signals LCD monitors use a DVI (digital video interface) connection Color depth refers to the number of colors a monitor can display This depends on the number of bits used to describe the color of a single pixel For example, an old VDA monitor with an 8-bit depth can generate 256 colors and a SuperVGA with a 24-bit depth can generate 16.7 million colors Monitors with a 32-bit depth are used in digital video, animation and video games to get certain effects

Display technologies

An LCD is made of two glass plates with a liquid crystal

material between them The crystals block the light in

different quantities to create the image Active-matrix LCDs

use TFT (thin film transistor) technology, in which each pixel

has its own switch The amount of light the LCD monitor

produces is called brightness or luminance, measured in

cd/m2 (candela per square metre)

of tiny read, green and blue phosphor dots that glow when struck by an

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electron beam that travels across the screen and create a visible image PCs can be connected to video projectors, which project the image onto a large screen They are used for presentations and

home theatre applications In a plasma screen, images are created by a plasma discharge which

contains noble (non-harmful) gases Plasma TVs allow for larger screens and wide viewing angles, making them ideal for movies

electrical current, which is known as

1 Comprehension check

1.1 Read the text and complete these definitions with words from the box

Resolution pixel aspect ratio colour depth video adapter plasma screen

1 ……- the smallest unit on a display screen or bitmapped image

2 ……- an expansion card that generates the video signal sent to a computer display

3 ……- the width of the screen in proportion to its height

4 ……- also called gas discharge display

5 ……- the number of pixels contained in a display, horizontally and vertically

6 ……- the number of bits used to hold a color pixel

1.2 Answer these questions

1 What do CRT and LCD stand for?

2 How is the screen size measured?

3 What technology is used by active-matrix LCDs?

4 What substance produces light and color when hit by electrons in a CRT monitor?

5 What are the three advantages of OLED displays?

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2 Translation

Translate the text into Vietnamese

 We use the imperative to give instructions

Get an adjustable chair

Don‘t put your monitor in front of a window

 We use should and shouldn’t + V-inf (had better/ had better not + V-inf) to give

advice or to talk about what we think is a good or bad idea

You should look down at the monitor, not up

You shouldn‘t use a monitor that‘s fuzzy or distorts the image

 We can also give advice by using set phrases like It’s a good idea to or It’s a bad

idea to + V-inf

It‘s a good idea to have a monitor with a tilt and swivel stand

Practice 1: Practice giving advice about how to use a monitor safely using should/ shouldn’t/ had

better/ had better not or set phrases

1 Don‘t open the monitor It‘s dangerous

2 Don‘t stare at the screen for long periods of time

3 Position the monitor at eye level or just below

4 Leave enough space behind the monitor for unobstructed movement

5 Keep the screen clean to prevent distorting shadows

Practice 2: Make complete sentences basing on the cue words

1 You/ should/ ergonomic keyboard/ because/ it/ reduce/ the risk/ repetitive strain injury

2 You/ had better/ place/ mouse/ within/ easy reach/ support/ forearm/

3 If/ decide/ build/ your/ own/ PC/,/ protect/ yourself/ electric shocks

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4 It/ good/ idea/ take/ regular breaks/ order to/ rest/ eyes/

5 Remember/ clean/ screen/ regularly

Exercise 1: Decide which words are being defined in these extracts

1 One of the small units that make up an image on a computer or television screen

2 Flat-screen technology using noble gases popular with movie fans

a Video projector b Plasma screen

3 The most common computer display technology, made of two glass plates with …

4 Card that plugs into a computer to give it display capabilities

a Video projector b Video adapter

5 Device used to show images on a wall or large screen

a Video projector b Video adapter

Exercise 2: Decide the following statements are True or False

1 Plasma screen is also called gas discharge display ………

2 Aspect ratio is the width of the screen in proportion to its height ………

3 LCD is the type of monitor that is similar to a traditional TV set ………

4 Energy consumption is energy as by use, decay, or destruction ………

5 Flat panel screen is also called gas discharge display ………

6 Resolution is the number of bits used to hold a color pixel ………

7 Flat panel screen is horizontally level screen ………

8 Luminance is the state or quality of being luminous ………

Exercise 3: Match the terms (1-8) with their right descriptions (a-h)

1 video

adapter

a the smallest unit on a display screen or bitmapped image

(usually a colored dot)

2 luminance b a computer image that is held in memory as a series of colored

dots in a grid, each dot represented by one or more bits

7 vertical g a card in a computer on which additional chips can be mounted

to expand the computer's capabilities

8 resolution h being at right angles to the vertical

Exercise 4: Complete these extracts with words from the box

footrest ache swivel idea copyholder strain repetitive

The following guidelines can help you avoid the common pitfalls of daily computer use-eye

……….(1), back……….(2), and ……….(3) strain injury (RSI)

 Get a comfortable chair that supports your lower back

 Ask for a ……….(4) to place under your desk and a tilt and ……….(5) stand for your screen

 Position your keyboard correctly: your arms should be perpendicular to the desk surface

 Your monitor should be at, or just below, your head height

 Sit at least 50cm away from the monitor

 It‘s a good ……….(6) to take regular breaks in order to rest your eyes

 You shouldn‘t work from hard copy documents without using a ……….(7),

 Don‘t forget to clean your screen regularly

Exercise 5: Translate the following text into Vietnamese

OLED, or Organic Light Emitting Diodes, are an offshoot of existing conventional LED technology LEDs are semiconducting light sources that function through electroluminescence—that is, they produce photons (aka light) by plopping electrons into little electron holes within the device's

LED bulbs, OLED uses a series of thin, light emitting films This allows the OLED array to produce

brighter light while using less energy than existing LCD/LED technologies And since these emitting films are composed of hydrocarbon chains, rather than semiconductors laden with heavy metals like gallium arsenide phosphide, they get that "O" for "organic" in their name

light-An OLED panel is typically composed of four primary layers: The substrate, which acts as the structural framework; the anode, which draws electrons; the cathode, which provides electrons; and the organic layer between That organic layer is further divided into a conducting layer—which provides the "electron holes" that the electrons flowing through layer can snap into, shedding energy

in the process—and an emissive layer where the light is actually produced And if you want to start messing with producing actual color, it's just a matter of adding red-, green-, and blue-tinted plastic layers to the substrate

5 Laser beam: tia lade

6 Multi-format playback: phát đa định dạng

7 Portable DVD player: đầu DVD xách tay

8 Recordable: ghi lại được

9 Rewritable: viết lại được

10 Standalone unit: đơn vị, thiết bị độc lập

11 Track: đường ghi âm

Optical discs and drives

Optical discs can store data at much higher densities than magnetic disks They are therefore ideal

for multimedia applications where images, animation and sound occupy a lot of disc space Furthermore, optical discs are not affected by magnetic fields, meaning that they are secure and stable, and can be transported through airport metal detectors without damaging the data However, optical drives are slower than hard drives

CDs and DVDs

At first sight, a DVD is similar to a CD Both discs are 120 mm in diameter and 1.2 mm thick They also use a laser beam to read data However, they are very different in internal structure and data capacity In a DVD, the tracks are very close together, thus allowing more tracks The pits in which data is stored are also smaller, so there are more pits per track As a result, a CD can hold 650-700MB, whereas a basic DVD can hold 4.7GB In addition, a DVD can be double-sided and dual layer, with a capacity of 17GB

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CDs come in three different formats:

 CD-ROM (only memory) are only units, meaning you cannot change the data stored on them (for example, a dictionary or a game)

read- CD-R (recordable) discs are write-once devices which let you duplicate music CDs and other data CDs

 CD-RW (rewritable) discs enable you to write onto them many times, just like a hard disk

DVD also come in several formats:

 DVD-ROMs are used in DVD computer drives They allow for data archiving as well as interactive content (for example, an encyclopedia or a movie)

 DVD-R or DVD+R can only be recorded on once

 DVD-RW or DVD+RW discs can be erased and reused many times They are used to back up data files and to record audio and video

The DVD drive used in computers is also called a DVD burner because it records information by burning via a laser to a blank DVD disc However, a DVD recorder typically refers to a standalone unit which resembles a video cassette recorder New DVD recorders can play all CD and DVD formats There are also portable DVD players-handheld devices which let you watch movies or TV, play games and listen to music, wherever you are They come with a built-in DVD drive and widescreen (rectangular 16:9 format) LCD display – that is, they can play many file formats, including DVD-video DivX, CD audio discs, MP3 music and JPEG images

HD-DVD and Blu-ray discs

comparing CDs and DVDs

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These two competing formats are expected to replace current DVD

as the standard for watching movies at home On one side are Toshiba, Microsoft and the DVD forum, who support the High Definition-DVD Sony, Panasonic, Samsung, JVC and many movies studios are behind the Blu-ray format A Blu-ray disc has a capacity of 25GB (single layer), 50GB (dual layer) and 100GB

(four layer) Unlike DVDs, which use a read laser to read and write data, Blu-ray uses a blue violet laser, hence its name Blu-ray discs can record and play back high-definition television and digital audio, as well as computer data

Optical discs close-up comparing

1 Comprehension check:

1.1 Read the text again and make notes about the features of CDs, DVDs and Blu-ray

CD

DVD

A Sony Blu-ray

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Blu-ray

1.2 Decide the sentences below is True or False basing on the text

1 A CD uses a laser beam to read data and has the same internal structure with a DVD

2 A DVD is an optical digital disc that can be used for video, audio and data storage

3 The pits are where data is stored

4 Comparing with CDs, DVD can be less double-side and dual layer but their capacity can be up

to 17GB

5 Blu-ray may soon become the dominant optical storage technology, although Toshiba, Microsoft and the DVD Forum are supporting HD-DVD technology instead

2 Translation

Translate the text into Vietnamese

- Connectors are linking words and phrases which join ideas and help us organize our

writing Connectors can be used for giving examples, listing or sequencing, and giving

reason or cause

E.g To begin with, you should take into account that printers vary in cost

- Some common connectors appear in the article are used for the following purposes:

+ indicating addition: furthermore, besides, and, in addition, moreover

+ making contrasts: however, whereas, although, but

+ explaining the results or effects of something: therefore, so, as a result, thus,

because…

Practice 1: Choosing the correct word in brackets to complete these sentences

3 A Blu-ray disc drive costs a lot of money (but/so) you should use it carefully

4 Blu-ray is expected to replace DVD over the coming years (because/besides) it offers much greater storage capacity

5 Both Blu-ray (and/in addition) HD-DVD devices are backward-compatible with current CDs and DVDs, meaning you can play your old discs on the new players

Practice 2: Complete these descriptions of optical storage technology by giving a connector Then

decide if the sentences are true or false

1 ……… to CDs and DVDs, there are other types of optical storage; Blu-ray and HD-DVD, for example

2 CDs are 120mm in diameter and 12mm thick DVDs, ……… , are 122 mm in diameter and 12.5 mm think

3 DVDs have more tracks, and the pits used to store data are smaller; ……… , they have a greater storage capacity than CDs

4 DVDs can be played on CD players, ……… there‘s no need to invest in new hardware

5 Blu-ray may soon become the dominant optical storage technology, ……… Toshiba, Microsoft and the DVD Forum are supporting HD-DVD technology instead

Exercise 1: Choose the best question for each answer below

1 CD, DVD, Blue-ray

A What are two major types of flash memory?

B What type or memory chip does flash memory use?

C What is NOR flash frequently used for?

D What are the three major types of optical storage?

2 Lands

A How does an optical disc store data?

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B Flat areas are read as a , and pits are read as a

C Flat areas in between the Pits are called

D Raised bumps are called

3 Blocks the electrical current

A Flat areas are read as a , and pits are read as a

B All transistors are automatically set to 1 What does the chip do to turn some of them into 0's?

C If the transistor conducts a current, the chip reads it as If not, it's read as a

D Flat areas in between the Pits are called

4 Not or; works like DRAM

A What is NOR flash frequently used for?

B What does NAND mean, and what is it compared to?

C What does NOR mean, and what is it compared to?

D How does an optical disc store data?

5 flash ROMs (Read Only Memory)

A Raised bumps are called

B What is NOR flash frequently used for?

C Name 5 flash memory products

D What does NOR mean, and what is it compared to?

Exercise 2: Make complete sentences basing on the cue words

1 Lands/ flat areas/ between/ the Pits

2 Solid-state/ type/ memory chip/ which/ flash memory/ use

3 HD-DVD and Blu-ray/ display/ movies/ high-definition/ resolution

4 People/ Blu-ray discs/ hold/ data/ but/ more/ expensive

5 They/ different/ internal structure/ data capacity

6 Optical discs/ not/ affected/ by/ magnetic/ fields

Exercise 3: Complete the following text with a suitable words from the box

back up because of laser expensive

common program magnetic device inexpensive

There are three main categories of storage devices: optical, magnetic and flash memory The earliest

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of these was the ………(1) Computer systems began with magnetic storage in the form of

tapes (yes, just like a cassette or video tape) These graduated to the hard disk drive and then to a

floppy disk Early storage was small It would take many tapes to ………(2) a mainframe system - a large system with few ………(3) and many users - and many floppies were needed

to back up significant work on a personal computer ………(4) the low storage capacity In the

stone age of personal computers, all programs, and the work accomplished using them, were stored

on 5 1/4-inch floppy disks The storage capacity of that floppy was typically only for text and was

360 kilobytes (KB)

About that time, optical devices were starting to be marketed An optical storage device is written and read with a ………(5) It is strong and can handle temperature fluctuations much better than magnetic media Because the floppy was so ………(6) at this time, it took several years

before the optical drives became affordable to the general and small business consumer The disks

used for storage (like CDs, DVDs and Blu-rays) were more ………(7) than floppies but held a lot of data A compact disc (CD) can hold 700 MB of data, or roughly a little over an hour of music

It actually took until CD players became ………(8) in homes and cars for the playing of music for CDs to come down in price enough for more use by consumers Digital video discs (DVDs)

began being issued for consumer-released movies A single-sided DVD holds 4.7 gigabytes (GB) of data, so a normal, not overly-computerized two-hour movie will fit…

http://study.com/academy/lesson/external-and-internal-storage-devices-optical-magnetic-semiconductor-storage.html

Exercise 4: Translate the text above into Vietnamese

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UNIT 7: FLASH MEMORY VOCABULARY

1 Cell structure: cấu trúc ô

2 Drive partitions: phân vùng ổ đĩa

3 Eject: tháo ra, tháo rời

4 Interchangeable: thay đổi cho nhau

5 Hybrid: kết hợp

6 Floating gate transistor: cổng bán dẫn

7 Fragile: dễ gẫy, dễ vỡ

8 Multi-level cell structure: cấu trúc ô đa tầng/ đa cấp

9 Protocol: bộ phân tích giao thức

10 Read access time: thời gian truy cập đọc

11 Retain: lấy lại

12 Solid-state technology: công nghệ trạng thái rắn

13 Video console: bị ghi hình ảnh

Unlike RAM, which is volatile, flash memory retains the information stored in the chip when the

A flash card reader

Flash memory is used in several ways:

 Many PCs have their BIOS (basic input/output system) stored on a flash memory chip so it can be updated if necessary

 Modems use flash memory because it allows the manufacturer to support new protocols

 USB flash drives are used to save and move MP3s and other data files between computers They are more easily transported than external hard drives because they use solid-state technology, meaning that they don‘t have fragile moving parts that can break if dropped However, USB flash drives have less storage capacity than hard drives

 New U3 smart drives allow users to store both applications and data They have two drive partitions and can carry applications that run on the host computer without requiring

installation

 Flash memory cards are used to store images on cameras, to back up data on PDAs, to transfer games in video consoles, to record voice and music on MP3 players or to store movies on MP4 players

They are as small as a stamp, and capacity can range from 8MB to several gigabytes The only limitation is that flash cards are often not interchangeable between devices Some formats include: CompactFlash, Secure Digital, MultiMedial Card, miniSD card, and xD-Picture

An MP4 Player

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Card Sony has its own product called the Memory Stick, used in its digital still cameras, video camcorders and the PlayStation Portable The photos stored in a digital camera can be offloaded to a computer via cable or wirelessly Another option is to have a flash card reader permanently connected to your PC; you simply eject the card from the camera and put it into the reader instead of having to plug the camera in

The future of hard drives may be hybrid hard drives combine a magnetic hard disk and flash memory into one device This allows computer to boot, or start, more quickly and also reduces power consumption

1 Reading comprehension check

1.1 Read the text and answer these questions

1 What is flash memory?

2 What are the differences between RAM memory and flash memory

3 What can devices which use multi-level cell technology do?

4 What are NOR and NAND?

5 What are the differences between flash drives and external hard drives?

1.2 Decide the following sentences are True or False?

1 Although flash drives have less storage capacity than hard drives, they are more difficult to be

2 You can store either applications or data in a U3 smart drive

3 It is very easy for you to interchange data between flash cards

4 Hybrid hard drives are the combination of a magnetic hard disk and flash memory into one device

5 The Memory Stick is a type of flash card created by Sony for its smartphone

1.3 Find words/ phrases in the text with the following meanings

1 Permanent; able to hold data without power

2 Able to rewritten many times

3 Different sections of a disk drive or storage area

4 To make a copy of a file so that the original is not lost

5 Transferred to another device

6 A peripheral device that reads and writes flash memory cards

7 A product that integrates two different technologies

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2 Translation

Translate the text into Vietnamese

Word building

We can create new words from existing words in three main ways:

 Affixation (adding a prefix or suffix):

 Compounding (putting two or more words together)

Hand + held = handheld

Compounds can be written as two separate words (flash card), as two words joined

with a hyphen (solid-state), or as one word (handheld) Unfortunately, there are no

rules, and some compounds even change spelling over time Always check your

dictionary or Google if you are not sure

In pronunciation, compounds normally have the main stress on the first part, and

the secondary stress on the second part

Practice 1: Try to make terms related to flash technology from following words

Flash smart memory based state LAN

Card player drive technology card drive

1 Flash ……… ………  Flash memory card

Practice 2: Complete these product descriptions by filling the terms from Practice 1 into the gaps

1 With the 4GB Gridfire ………, you can back up, store, carry and offload large files with one affordable, convenient device What‘s more, ……… means no moving parts, and therefore less chance of damage if the device is dropped

2 The 2GB One-Tech ……… is the best choice for high-performance results from your digital camera and other handheld devices

3 The STM ……… gives you the ability to carry your files And your software on a secure USB drive, by using separate partitions to …

4 The Airlink ……… connects your desktop PC to a network, using the latest advanced silicon chip technology

5 With 80GB of storage capacity, the iSing ……… is the only device you‘ll need for audio and video playback on the move

Exercise 1: Flash memory is used in many handheld devices Match the descriptions (1-6) with the

pictures (a-f)

2 This flash memory card is used as digital film to store images on a digital camera

3 This wireless LAN card allows laptop and PDA users to access the Internet from any Wi-Fi access point

4 This USB flash pen drive is the latest mobile drive for your computer

5 It looks like an ordinary watch, but this USB drive from Edge Tech can store up to 1GB of flash memory It will let you save and transfer your photos, songs and data files easily

6 This flash-based player provides everything you need to play music and store data It also comes with a built in FM radio and voice recorder

Exercise 2: There is a mistake in each sentence below Find and correct it

1 Optical disks are often read only or write more than once

d e