Sound and music oxford read and discover level 3

bout sound and usic!. T he sound w aves from loud sounds gofar.-fhe sound w aves from quiet soundsdon't go far.. W hen you spealt, sing, or shout, the sound of your voice m oves through

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1 How Sound M oves 4

2 Low Sounds, High Sounds 6

4 M usicat lnstrum ents 10

5 M usic Around the W ortd 12

6 Orchestras and Concerts 14

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U' N IAJERSIT' F Prtzsss

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ACKNOW LED GE M ENTS

Jl lustmfft l cs hy: Alan Rowe pp 24, 30, 34 41, 42 46, 47 , Kell y

I fennedy pp 4, 19, 22' 1an Moores pp 5, 7, 8 15, 28' Dusan

Pavl i c/ Beehi ve lus tr i on pp 24, 30, 34, 38, 42 46, 47.

The J QH / skt' r ỵ T I J/ J al so li ke & ' té kank j ' hs' - f p/ / / nçff pP7 t ki nt i

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Al amy 1 7.( Andr ew Fox) , 7 ( Fi ne &l 'Commerci al / baby) ,

9 ( Tarel t El luan/ s ngi ng l es son) , 12 Peter Horr ee / gamel an,

GM Phot o I mages, ango band) , 13 ( aus qve rner Fr i edr i ch/

l oỵ pl ayer ) 15 T' he Pr i nf Col l ecr or) , 16 ( Gi ar l ni Mur atore) ,

2 1Eddi e Ger algr aniophone) , 22 ( Ti m Cuf fl ' Cor bi s pp 9

( @ I A- A / xll l sl - ç/ Reut ei ' hr t si nger ) 13 ( @ Frédé ri c

Sol t an/ sygma / si tar pl aye r) , 14 (Jacques Sal - at/ sygl nal , 17 ( Anc l y I ai n/ epa/ bandl ; Ge ttl mages pp 7 ( Da vi d l razi er / st one/

t ruck) , 17 ( al t re ndo i mages / lamenco) , 20 ( Ryan Mcva y/oi le) ,

23 ( Ma tt Gr ay/ st onel ' Oxf or d Uni vers l y es s pp 3,0, 11,

18, 19, 21 ( cass ett es and cds l Photol i bral ' y 1 6 ( Davi d Deas )

21 riNathan/ Bri t aion Wew/ j ukebox)

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bout sound and usic!

ore a

H ow does sound m ove through the air?

T he air is m ade of billion s of m olecules

T he m olecules are very sm all, so you can'tsee them

Your voice pushes th e m olecules T he

m olecules m ove like w aves in the ocean

T he m ovem ents of the m olecules arecalled sound w aves

T he sound w aves from loud sounds gofar.-fhe sound w aves from quiet soundsdon't go far

W hen you spealt, sing, or shout, the sound

of your voice m oves through the air.T he

sound goes to other people, and they hear

it Sound m oves very fast

air at about 350 m eters per

second The sound of a bus

m oves faster than the bus!

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G0 to pages 24-25 f0r acti vi ti es.

Som e sounds are 1ow and som e sounds

are high.W e can hear 1ow sounds and

high sounds everyw here A plane m akes

a low sound, but w hen birds sing, they

m ake a high sound

T hink about the strings of a guitar.T he

thin strings m ake a high sound and the

thick strings m alte a 1ow sound

T he thin guitar strings vibrate fast.You can 'tsee them m ove T he thick strings vibrateslow ly.T h ese different types of vibration arecalled frequency T he sound of the thinstrings has a high frequency.T he sound ofthe thick strings has a 1ow frequency

A baby's cry m altes a high sound and it has

a high frequency A truck m akes a 1owsound and it has a low frequen cy A baby'scry is m ade of lots of thin sound w aves T hesound w aves from a truclc are thicker

E veryone's voice is different A m an's voice

is usually low er than a w om an's voice

P ut your hand on the front of your throat

and say som ething.W hen you speakn your

throat vibrates ln your throat, you have

vocal cords.W hen you speak, air from your

lungs goes b etw een your vocal cords, and

your vocal cords vibrate W hen you sing, you use your m outh, your

throat, and your chest.You m alte your vocalcords shorter or longer, so that you can singhigh notes or 1ow notes Singers can learn

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They are catted throat-singers v , ' '

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G 0 to pages 28 - 29 f or actl v I tl es t.y.

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W

L et's look at different m usical instrum ents.

Som e are called w ind instrum ents Players

u se air from their lungs w h en they play a

w ind instrum ent

T rum pet players press the trum pet on

their lips and they blow air into the

trum pet.T heir lips vibrate, then the air in

the trum pet vibrates and m altes a sound

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W hen a drum m er hits

a drum , the air in thedrum vibrates and

m altes a sound O therinstrum ents, like

cym bals or xylophones,

m ake a sound w hen theplayer hits them T heseinstrum ents are calledpercussion instrum ents

G uitars, violins, and cellos are stringedinstrum ents G uitar players pluck the strings

of a guitar, but violin and cello players use abow.T hey touch the strings w ith the bowand the strings vibrate

A round the w orld you can tind thousands

of different m usical instrum ents

ln B ali in In donesia, there are orchestras

called gam elans In a gam elan there are lots

of different percussion instrum ents.T he

players in a gam elan usually sit on the floor

T he bandon eon is a type of w ind

instrum ent lt's like a box w ith air inside

Y ou squeeze it and it m akes a sound ln

A rgentina, you can listen to bandoneon

players in the streets

T he ltoto is a stringed instrum ent from

the strings w ith their thum b and tw ofingers.T he players m ove the sm all, w hitebridges to m ake different notes

T he sitar is a stringed instrum ent fromlndia It isn't easy to play lt has lots ofstrings Som e sitars have 23 strings

T he m usicians in an orchestra listen to their

instrum ent, and to a11 the other instrum ents

at the sam e tim e.T he m usicians w atch their

conductor, too

M usicians in an orchestra alw ays practice

before a concert.W hen they practice, the

conductor som etim es tells them to play

slow er, or m ore loudly C onductors m ove

their hands and arm s to help the orchestra

N ot a11 room s are good for concerts In aroom w ith flat w alls, the sound of the m usiccan bounce off the w alls and m alte an echo

ln concert halls, the w alls are not flat T heyare usually m ade of different panels.T hesound bounces in different w ays so there's

no echo

W hen you listen to m usic, you som etim es

w ant to tap your foot.W hen you listen to

m usic w ith a strong rhythm , you w ant todance

W hat is rhythm ? Sing your favorite song,and tap your foot, too.T he sound of yourfoot is the rhythm of the song.T he rhythm

of a roclt band is strong.W hen you listen,you w ant to m ove or dance

T oday there's m usic everyw here People

listen to m usic at hom e or in their car

W ith an M P3 player, they can listen to

their favorite songs w hen they are on a

train or w alking in the streets

W here does a song com e from ? F irst: a

songw riter w rites a song and m usicians play

it.-l-hey practice, then they play the song in

a recording studio in front of a m icrophone

ln the stu dio, a sound engin eer usesrecording equipm ent and records the song

N ow the song is a lot of digital signals.T hesound engineer uses a com puter and w orks

w ith the signals.T his m akes the sound ofthe song better

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,' ' ï+.. .j.,.jtljjt The frst sou nd record ings

w ere about 130 years ago

The first m icrophones w ere

tike big trum pets

., ')t' Go to pages 38-39 f0r activities

In the past, it w asn 't so easy to buy m usic.

A bout 100 years ago, people started tobuy records.T hey played them on record

and it played their favorite song A bout

40 years ago, there w ere cassettes.T hey

w ere good because people played them

in their cars T hen about 30 years ago,there w ere com pact discs, or C D s

T oday, people can buy m usic on the

lnternet.T he m usic com es to their

com puter or phone.T he m usic is m ade of

thousands of digital signals.T hese signals

stay on the com puter or phone, and people

can listen to the m usic w hen they w ant

People can also m ove the m usic from their

com puter to their M P 3 player

D on't listen to very loud m usic w ith

earphones It can hurt your ears O therloud noises can be good, like th e sound

of a car It tells youn KA car is com ing

D on't cross the street now o' A lw ays listencarefully before you cross the street

L isten to m usicn listen to people's voices,listen to the w ind U se your ears and listen

to a11 the sounds around you!

.(p GO to pages 42-43 foractivities

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Circle the correct w ords.

1 Percussion instrum ents m ake a sound w hen the

2 Xylophones are w ind / percussion i nstrum ents.

3 Att stringed / w i nd i nstrum ents have stri ngs.

4 PE ayers ptuck the stri ngs or use a drum / bow

5 Cell os / Trum pets and ftutes are w i nd i nstrum ents.

6 W hen the air / voi ce in a trumpet vibrates, it

m akes a sound

3 Com ptete the sentences about you.

W rite can or cant

1 I ptay the guitar

2 1 sing

3 I ptay the trum pet

4 W ri te about your friends and fam ily.

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