VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIERSITY, HA NOI INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES ---TRAN DIEU THUY EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM D
Trang 1VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIERSITY, HA NOI
INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES
-TRAN DIEU THUY
EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE
MASTER THESIS MAJOR: VIETNAMESE STUDIES
Hanoi, 2014
Trang 2VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIERSITY, HA NOI
INSTITUTE OF VIETNAMESE STUDIES AND DEVELOPMENT SCIENCES
-TRAN DIEU THUY
EVALUATION OF HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL MONUMENTS
FOR SUSTAINABLE TOURISM DEVELOPMENT
IN QUANG TRI PROVINCE
MASTER THESIS MAJOR: VIETNAMESE STUDIES
Code: 60220113 Supervisor: PhD Tran Thanh Ha
Hanoi, 2014
Trang 3Contents List of Photos Error! Bookmark not defined List of Tables Error! Bookmark not defined.
1 Rationale of the study 5
2 Literature review 8
3 Object, scope and aims of the study 10
4 Sources of information and methods of the study 10
5 Contributions of the study 12
6 Outline of the study 13
Chapter 1: Foundation of exploitation of cultural historic relics in service of sustainable development 13
1.1 Tourism and sustainable tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.1.1 Tourism Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.2 Sustainable tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined 1.1.3 Principle of sustainable tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2 Cultural historical relic Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.1 Definition Error! Bookmark not defined 1.2.2 Classification of historic and cultural relics Error! Bookmark not defined.
1.2.3 The role of historic and cultural relics in tourism activities Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 2: The cultural and historic site system in Quang Tri province and the
current situation of site exploitation for tourismError! Bookmark not defined.
Trang 42.1.An overview of Quang Tri and its cultural and historic site system Error!
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2.2 Typical cultural and historical relics and sites in Quang Tri Province
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2.2.1 The cultural historical on the list of special rankings Error!
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2.2.2 The cultural historical relics on the list of National ranking Error!
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2.2.3 The cultural historical relics on the list of provincial ranking
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2.3 The status of tourism development and exploitation of cultural
historical relics to serve tourism development in Quang Tri ProvinceError!
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2.3.1 The number of tourists and the revenue Error! Bookmark not
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2.3.2 The conservations and renovations of historical relics to serve
tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.3 The organization and management to exploit relics for tourism
development Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.3.4 The contributions of local people Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4 General assessment of the extraction activities of cultural historical
relics in Quang Tri Province for the tourism development Error!
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2.4.1 Some achieved results Error! Bookmark not defined.
2.4.2 Some shortages Error! Bookmark not defined.
Chapter 3: The appropriate exploitation and utilization of cultural historical
monuments for the tourism development in Quang Tri ProvinceError! Bookmark not defined.
Trang 53.1 Assessment of cultural historical relics for the purpose of sustainable
tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.1 The evaluation steps Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.2 Criteria of evaluation Error! Bookmark not defined 3.1.3 Common evaluation of criteria (weight specification) Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.1.4 Aggregate evaluation Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.2.Orientations of exploiting cultural historical relics in Quang Tri
Province in tourism development Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.3 Challenges for sustainable tourism development of Quang Tri
Province Error! Bookmark not defined.
3.4.Solutions to raise sustainability in using historical relic for tourism in
Quang Tri Province Error! Bookmark not defined CONCLUSION Error! Bookmark not defined.
REFERENCE 14
Trang 6Introduction
1 Rationale of the study
With the society’s development, people tend to search for historical values It is said that history is our future Historical values not only reveal the past but also orient the development in the present and future Remained historical vestiges, despite being the smallest, illustrate the strong cultural vitality and touch the bottom of heart Acknowledging this point, Communist Party of Vietnam and the State of Vietnam focused on the purpose:” preserve, prove values of revolutionary traditional inheritances” when stating cultural development’s tasks in the 11th
national congress It can be said that it is an important advance in the progress of establishing and developing Vietnamese culture in the current period It is also a message recommending and encouraging the whole society to pay attention to revolutionary traditional inheritances during the nation’s development and integration
Cultural and historical monuments’ preservation and services’ development are difficult problems How to develop without changing or spoiling monuments, how to prove cultural and historical values and make the economic development become an investment into preserving and advertising are proposed questions, which need answers In the other word, this is a sustainable approach to tourism development based on inheritances’ values The research on cultural and historical monuments for the purpose of developing tourism can be seen as an effective task which “partly preserves and proves cultural values” and establishes the premise for sustainable tourism development and great economic values At the present, tourism is known as a smokeless industry bringing several economic profits to countries
in the world Tourism is defined as the leading economic branch in Vietnam,
a developing country However, tourism has reciprocal relationships with
Trang 7other branches; therefore, tourism development needs suitable and specific development policies and projects so that the development has no negative effects on the nature, culture, society and so on In terms of cultural and historical monuments, they possess great values of the age However, they are easily affected and damaged if they are accessed in an inappropriate way How to make tourism become a tool for information exchanges and culture access so that people can study and explore the world and how to preserve and develop cultural and historical monuments with their own positions are really difficult and challenging to the current tourism in particular and the whole society in general
Besides plentiful natural resources such as Cua Tung, Cua Viet seaside, the tourist attraction of DaKrong, the green tourism area of Tra Loc and so on, Quang Tri has cultural and historical depth It is known as “War Museum of Vietnam” [52] Experiencing two resistance wars against French colonialism and American empire, Quang Tri has a large – scaled and statured system of revolutionary monuments They can be named the ancient rampart of Quang Tri, the tunnels of Vinh Moc, banks of Hien Luong, Ta Con airport, Lao Bao prison and so on Additionally, the archaeological evidence reveals that Mon Kho Me tribes on the West – East of Truong Son and Ma Lai – Da Dao ones
on the coastal plains settled early in this place During its historical process, Quang Tri witnessed a long period of nearly one thousand years belonging to
the Kingdom of Champa before joining in Dai Viet Champa residents’
establishment and struggles for existence in Quang Tri can be said to create the premise for Quang Tri’s development and also leave vestiges of a plentiful and typical culture They now exist under many different forms such as temples – towers, ramparts, water exploitation systems and graves It can be stated that thanks to its typical historical process and geographical location,
Trang 8Quang Tri is a place where different cultures met, received and combined On the background culture consisting of Son Vi, Hoa Binh and Dong Son’s cultural vestiges, there was an approach to the culture of Han,Champa from the West of Dai Viet and the following West[50] Currently, Quang Tri is a place where many ethnic minority people such as Van Kieu, Pako lives and develops Their residence areas were closely connected to historical monuments in the revolutions against French colonialism and American Empire All creates the historical sediment associated with Quang Tri’s cultural flow and makes them become more plentiful and attractive from their deep cultural sources
Up to June, February 2014, there were 516 approved cultural and historical monuments and tourist attractions in Quang Tri province Among them, there were 474 provincial leveled, 33 national leveled and specially national leveled ones (including 42 revolutionary historical monuments) There were 415 historical monuments, mainly revolutionary historical ones (making up 87%) [24] Quang Tri not only has the exceeding number of tourist spots but also is located on many important arterial roads It is the point of junction among three big tourism lines, including Trans – Vietnam route, East - West economic corridor and the central inheritance way It can
be said that they are advantages for Quang Tri’s tourism development However, it can be seen from the fact that the current tourism development in Quang Tri is inadequate to its real potential Due to specific characteristics of revolutionary historical monuments, natural conditions’ strong effects and appropriate authorities’ undisciplined management, the majority of Quang Tri’s monuments are damaged, degraded and even some are abandoned Additionally, the research and utilization of monuments’ values are still unilateral, mainly emphasize their material values and ignore the immaterial
Trang 9ones Residents’ unawareness of their responsibilities also leads to many difficulties in cultural and historical monuments’ preservation and sustainable development
The preservation and development of historical monuments’ values is not only to preserve and respect ancestors’ intellectual contributions through historical generations but also current generations’ sacred responsibilities and duties to be grateful to our benefactors From the above fact and gathered knowledge during the Master course of Vietnamese studies, the author chose the topic:” Assessment on cultural and historical monuments for sustainable tourism development in Quang Tri province”
2 Literature review
In the world, tourism is considered as one of the biggest economic branches with great potential[25] Thus, tourism has been paid attention and studied by several specialists, scientists and managers However, the concept
of sustainable tourism was mentioned for the first time in the 1990s when tourism explosion from 1960’s negative impacts on the environment became more and more obvious Studies on sustainable tourism reveal that the tourism development not only protects the environment and preserves the ecological system but also pays attention to the possibilities of maintaining long – term economic profits and social justice Academic research works deal with the concept of sustainable tourism such as “Tourism impacts, planning and management” by Peter Mason [47], “Global Tourism” by William F Theoblad [49] and “Sustainable Tourism: Global Perspective” by Tony Griffin and Peter Williams Rob Harris[48] Recently they have been quoted many times in the announcement related sustainable tourism
Studies on Vietnamese tourism were mentioned in the 1990s when tourism became increasingly developing with the opened economy and the
Trang 10market – oriented development Some papers are concerned with different aspects of tourism such as “Organizing Vietnam tourism territory”, “Tourism and tourism business” and “Capacity building for developing tourism in Vietnam” The concept of sustainable tourism is no longer new in Vietnam There are many research works, reference books and research articles about the aspect of sustainable tourism such as “Resources and Vietnam tourism environment” and “Status and issues for sustainable tourism development” by Pham Trung Luong [30] [5] , “Sustainable tourism development” by Nguyen Dinh Hoe and Vu Van Hieu [29] and “Environment of social humanities and issue for sustainable tourism development” by Trinh Duc Anh [22] A study
by Pham Le Thao, namely “Natural environment and development issues of sustainable tourism in Vietnam”[7] deals with the issue of natural environment at the microscopic aspect
About the conservation of historic and cultural monuments, there are many authors concerned such as: "Conversation of historical cultural monuments"[26], "Heritage management Vietnam"[15] Besides, there are many studies about conservation of relics associated with sustainable development as: "Preservation of Hue ancient capital for sustainable development"[16], "Conversation of monuments, an important factor of sustainable development"[19],"Preservation of historical cultural relics in Hai Phong in the context of industrialization, modernization and integration"[18]
In terms of scope of the study, the most considerable is the paper
“Investigation and evaluation of potential territory for planning and development ecotourism in Quang Tri Province” by Prof Truong Quang Hai[41] Its approach is to generally assess resources but mainly focus on natural tourism ones Besides, there is one more study by Bui Thi Thu, namely “Basic science construction serves the identification of tour in Quang
Trang 11Tri Province”[23] On this topic, the writers emphasize the assessment of tourism resources for the purposes of developing tours around Quang Tri province In addition, some authors mention the issue of Quang Tri’s tourism development but they only assert the great potential of developing tourism in Quang Tri
3 Object, scope and aims of the study
3.1 Object and scope of the study
Thesis research object is the value of tourism ( the ability to exploit tourism) of the historical cultural monuments of Quang Tri in general, a
typical number of monuments in particular Furthermore, the author also illustrates some factors affecting the formation and development of cultural and historical monuments in Quang Tri province
The paper covers the analysis of cultural and historical value, the current exploitation, the utilization and assessment of cultural and historical monuments based on criteria for the sustainable tourism development
3.2 Aims of the study
The paper aims at stablishing scientific basis for the sustainable exploitation of historical cultural monuments for tourism development
4 Sources of information and methods of the study
4.1 Sources of information
The research is conducted based on a variety of sources of information which can be divided into three main categories as following:
(1) Bibliographies, reports, papers, graphs, statistics and Quang Tri’s social and economic development planning The most important source is reports on the current management of cultural and historical monuments in Quang Tri province and tourism development planning