VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES NGUYỄN THỊ OANH RECONSTRUCTION OF DROUGHT EVENTS BASED ON TREE RINGS IN KON TUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM MASTER THESIS MAJOR C
Trang 1VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
NGUYỄN THỊ OANH
RECONSTRUCTION OF DROUGHT EVENTS BASED ON TREE RINGS IN KON TUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM
MASTER THESIS MAJOR CLIMATE CHANGE
HA NOI – 2015
Trang 2VIETNAM NATIONAL UNIVERSITY, HANOI
SCHOOL OF GRADUATE STUDIES
NGUYEN THI OANH
RECONSTRUCTION OF DROUGHT EVENTS BASED ON TREE RINGS IN KON TUM PROVINCE, VIETNAM
MASTER THESIS Major: Climate Change
Code: Training Program
Supervisor : Assoc Professor Lora Stevens-Landon
Assoc Professor Vu Van Tich
HÀ NỘI – 2015
Trang 3REASSURANCES
I assure this is my research The data and results in my thesis are honest and have never been published in any other research
STUDENT
Nguyen Thi Oanh
Trang 4ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
This has been a rewarding and gratifying experience I am thankful to the following people, without whom the completion of this thesis would not have been possible Thank you Associate Professor Lora Stevens Landon for your invaluable comments and advises Meetings with you have been enlightening Thank you for your patience, time, and words of encouragement which have sustained me throughout this academic journey Also Thank to Associate Professor Pham Van Cu, VNU-ICARGC and Fulbright scholar program
Thank you Associate Professor Vu Van Tich for your guidance during the initial stages of the research processes which has helped me in the development of ideas Thank you Professor Brendan Buckley, Tree ring laboratory – Lamont - Doherty Earth Observatory was enabling me to study a lot of software about tree rings I am grateful
to you, PhD Le Canh Nam, Dr Le Xuan Thuyen, Mr Nguyen The Hoang and Mr Pham Gia Tuong for all your support when I decided to choose this research and help
me take sampling
To Tran Thi Thu Trang and Nisha Ramdzan, thank you for helping me with reading
my thesis amidst your busy schedules Thank you for also being my pillars of support, always showing me care and concern, and for buying, making and sharing sweet treats with me
To the Climate Change Class of 2013/2015: thank you for the fun and friendships that
have make my university life memorable
And to all others who have helped, supported and encouraged me in this journey, thank you I really appreciate it
Above all, I am most grateful for having a loving family that always showers me with
unending love, patience and care To my dearest daddy, mummy, sister, brother and boyfriend, you have been my greatest source of emotional support that has kept me going, especially whenever I am stressed Thank you for seeing me through the most difficult days
Trang 5CONTENTS
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS 1
LIST OF TABLES 2
LIST OF FIGURES 3
INTRODUCTION 5
* JUSTIFICATION FOR RESEARCH 5
* PURPOSE OF THESIS 6
* TASKING OF THESIS 6
* THE MEANING SCIENTIFIC AND PRACTICAL OF THESIS 6
* SUBJECTS AND SCOPE 7
* RESEARCH QUESTION 7
CHAPTER 1: BACKGROUND 8
1.1 Overview of tree rings 8
1.1.1 Application of dendrochronology in study of climate change 8
1.1.2 Overview for formation of tree ring. 9
1.1.3 A review of other studies that have used tree rings. 13
1.1.4 The external factors affecting the growth of tree rings. 18
1.1.5 Introduction of Fokienia hodginsii 19
1.2 Characteristics of climate in Kon Tum 20
CHAPTER 2: METHODS AND STUDY AREA 22
2.1 Study area 22
2.1.1 Natural geographic characteristics related to tree growth 22
2.1.2 Ecosystems in KonPlong, Kon Tum 23
2.2 Methodology 23
2.3 Field Collection 24
2.4 Laboratory Methods 28
2.4.1 Sample Preparation and Measuring in the laboratory. 28
2.4.2 Cross-dating and Master Chronology Development 28
2.4.3 Statistical Analysis of Climate Response and Standardization 30
CHAPTER 3: DENDROCLIMATOLOGICAL ANALYSES AND RECONSTRUCTION DROUGHT EVENTS BASED ON TREE RINGS 33
3.1 Tree-ring Chronologies and Tree ring index 33
Trang 63.2 Climate Response 35
3.2.1 Precipitation 35
3.2.2 Temperature 37
3.2.3 Palmer Drought Severity Index and Climate Teleconnections 40
3.2.4 The relationship between the tree ring index with ENSO phenomenon 42
3.3 Compared with some studies in Vietnam and Climate reconstructions 45
3.4 Discussion 48
CONCLUSIONS AND PERSPECTIVES 52
REFERENCES 54
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Kd Tree ring width index
PDSI Palmer Drought Severity Index
ENSO El Nino- Southern Oscillation
Trang 82
LIST OF TABLES
Table 1.1 Climate changes over years in Kon Tum 19
Table 3.1 Characteristics of statistic of tree ring index 33 Table 3.2 The correlation between tree ring index with precipitation 34 Table 3.3 The correlation between tree ring index with temperature 36 Table 3.4 The correlation between tree ring index with PDSI 40 Table 3.5 The El-Nino occurred in Vietnam Central Highlands 42
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3
LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1.1 Annual growth ring 10 Figure 1.2 A missing ring in an annual ring 12 Figure 1.3 The higher temperature or lower rainfall were found to
create narrow tree ring width
17
Figure 1.4 Monthly mean temperature (black circles) and precipitation
(black bar) (from 1976 to 2013) at the Kon Tum instrumental station
20
Figure 2.1 The administrative map of Kon Tum 21 Figure 2.2 Sampling locations and/or measured for this study
Sampling plots from living trees were collected from the Mang But commune, KonPlong district, KomTum province
24
Figure 2.3 Borer to take tree ring samples 25 Figure 2.4 Taking tree sampling 26 Figure 2.5 Tree ring core 26 Figure 2.6 Tree ring core’s tray 27 Figure 2.7 Measurement of tree-ring samples is conducted on a moving
stage micrometer (foreground) under a microscope The micrometer is hooked to a rotary encoder (on left end of measuring stage), a digital display (upper left), and eventually to a personal computer
27
Figure 2.8 Using Coorecoder 7.7, CDendro 7.7 to counted and
measured tree ring width (the number in the picture is the corresponding tree ring)
28
Figure 3.1 Characteristic of Po-mu’s tree rings.( in FHMB33C: absent
ring in 1835, compare with FHMB33B)
32
Figure 3.2 Tree ring width of Po-mu from 1467 to 2013 34 Figure 3.3 Correlation coefficients between climate (total monthly
precipitation), and tree growth over the period 1976–2013
Values for the coefficients greater than 0.30 or less than – 0.3 are statistically significant
35
Figure 3.4 Correlation coefficients between climate (the average
monthly temperature), and tree growth over the period 1976–2013 Values for the coefficients greater than 0.3 or less than –0.3 are statistically significant
37
Figure 3.5 The dry periods with high temperatures evidenced by
narrow tree ring index
38
Figure 3.6 The dry periods with low precipitation (on May) evidenced
by narrow tree ring index
39
Figure 3.7 Correlation coefficients between PDSI, and tree growth
over the period 1911–2005
40
Figure 3.8 The relationship between tree ring index and PDSI 41 Figure 3.9 The variation of tree ring width index with the El-Nino and
La -Nina phenomenon (The source of ENSO da ta in NOAA
43
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website) Figure 3.10 Rebuilding drought index (PDSI) following chronology of
Fokienia hodginsii tree ring index (Source: B.M.Buckley, 2008)
43
Figure 3.11 The chronology of tree ring width of Po-mu in KonPlong
from 1467 to 2013
44
Figure 3.12 The variation of Fokienia hodginsii tree ring width in the
samples: 07A, 34B, 40C and 41A in the Konplong region
45
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