Saving energy means decreasing the amount of energy used while achieving a similar outcome of end use. Using less energy has lots of benefits – you can save money and help the environment. Generating energy requires precious natural resources, for instance coal, oil or gas. Therefore, using less energy helps us to preserve these resources and make them last longer in the future. Why is it important to save energy? If people use less energy, there is less pressure to increase the available supply of energy, for example by constructing new power plants, or by importing energy from a different country. What does “lifecycle” mean? What does it have to do with energy use? Nearly all everyday products have an impact in terms of energy, especially when you consider their energy requirements across the whole lifecycle: production, use and endoflife. In many cases the use phase is dominating. Plastics, for example, are one of the most resourceefficient materials available. In their use phase, plastics products help to save more energy than is needed to produce them: For example, when you choose a bottle of water packaged in a light weight material such as plastic, remember that lighter packaging requires less energy for transport. Thus, less fuel was used to power the truck that delivered those plastic bottles. What can I do to save energy? There are many sources on the web that give you ideas of what you can do to save energy. Here are a few ideas to get you started: Change your travel behaviour, think more in terms of public transportation, if possible, walk or ride your bicycle instead of taking the car Reduce your house heat by 1C, keep the windows closed while heating, dress warmly Choose products that come with lightweight packaging Turn off lights and appliances when you are not using them, use energysaving light bulbs Reuse plastic bags for shopping and storage Use a microwave instead of a stove to reheat food Use rechargeable batteries instead of disposable batteries What effect do materials have on the environment? In our daily life, we rely on many materials. Wood, metal, glass and plastics all have environmental consequences. Think about the impact of every product you use. For example, the lighter an object, the less fuel is required to transport it. A heavy suitcase in the boot of a car will require the car to consume more fuel during its journey. The same goes for all product packaging. Therefore, buying food wrapped in lightweight materials thus helps the environment.
Trang 1TOPIC 11: SOURCES OF ENERGY
A VOCABULARY:
1. alternative [ɔ:l'tə:nətiv] (a) thay thế
2. available [ə'veiləbl] (a) sẵn có
3. coal [koul] (n) than đá
4. dam [dæm] (n) đập (ngăn nước)
5. electricity [i,lek'trisiti] (n) điện
6. energy ['enədʒi] (n) năng lượng
7. exhausted [ig'zɔ:stid] (a) cạn kiệt
8. fossil fuel ['fɔsl fjuəl] (n) nhiên liệu hóa thạch
9. geothermal heat [,dʒi:ou'θə:məl hi:t] (n) địa
nhiệt
10 infinite ['infinit] (a) vô hạn
11 make use of (exp) tận dụng
12 nuclear energy ['nju:kliə 'enədʒi] (a) năng
lượng hạt nhân
13 convenient [kən'vi:njənt] (a) tiện lợi
14 enormous [i'nɔ:məs] (a) to lớn, khổng lồ
15 harmful ['hɑ:mful] (a) có hại
16 hydroelectricity [,haidrouilek'trisiti] (n)
thủy điện
17 ecologist [i'kɔlədʒist] (n) nhà sinh thái học
-> ecology [i'kɔlədʒi] (n) sinh thái học
18.consumption [kən'sʌmp∫n] (n) tiêu thụ
19 plentiful ['plentifl] (a) nhiều
20 pollution [pə'lu:∫n] (n) sự ô nhiễm
21 power demand ['pauə di'mɑ:nd] (n) nhu cầu sử dụng điện
22 release [ri'li:s] (v) phóng ra
23 reserve [ri'zə:v] (n) trữ lượng
24 sailboat ['seilbout] (n) thuyền buồm
25 solar energy ['soulə 'enədʒi] (n) năng lượng mặt trời
26 solar panel ['soulə 'pænl] (n) tấm thu năng lượng mặt trời
27 wave [weiv] (n) sóng (nước)
28 windmill ['winmil] (n) cối xay gió
29 nuclear reactor ['nju:kliə ri:'æktə] (n) phản ứng hạt nhân
30 radiation [,reidi'ei∫n] (n) phóng xạ
31 renewable [ri'nju:əbl] (a) có thể thay thế
32 run out (v) cạn kiệt
33 petroleum [pə'trouliəm](n) dầu mỏ
34 replace [ri'pleis] (v) thay thế
35 make up (v) chiếm (số lượng)
HỆ THỐNG KIẾN THỨC VÀ BÀI TẬP TRỌNG TÂM UNIT 11-UNIT 12
CỘNG ĐỒNG HỌC SINH LỚP 11 Sưu tầm và tổng hợp
Trang 2B GRAMMAR: REDUCED CLAUSES
1 Dùng cụm Ving:
Dùng cho các mệnh đề chủ động Bỏ who, which, that và be (nếu có) lấy động từ thêm ING The man who is standing there is my brother (The man who is standing there is my brother.) -> The man standing there is my brother
2 Dùng cụm P.P (v3/ed):
Dùng cho các mệnh đề bị động Bỏ who, which, that và be
I like books which were written by NguyenDu (I like books which were written by
I have many homework that I must do (I have many homework that I must do.)
I have many homework to do
- Đầu câu có HERE (BE), THERE (BE)
There are six letters which have to be written today = There are six letters to be written today GHI NHỚ: - Nếu chủ từ 2 mệnh đề khác nhau thì thêm cụm for sb trước to V
We have some picture books that children can read
We have some picture books for children to read
Tuy nhiên nếu chủ từ đó là đại từ có nghĩa chung chung như we, you, everyone thì có thể không cần ghi ra Studying abroad is the wonderful thing that we must think about
Studying abroad is the wonderful thing (for us) to think about
- Nếu trước relative pronoun có giới từ thì phải đem xuống cuối câu (đây là lỗi dễ sai nhất)
We have a peg on which we can hang our coat
We have a peg to hang our coat on
Trang 3=>Football, which is a popular sport, is very good for health
=>Football, a popular sport, is very good for health
Do you like the book which is on the table? =>Do you like the book on the table?
C PRACTICE TEST
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1 A exhaust B source C enormous D cause
3 A heat B great C release D reach
4 A geothermal B power C solar D hydro
5 A polluted B consume C nuclear D fuel
II Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase
6 The amount of solar energy that reaches the earth depends the atmosphere
9 Oil, coal and natural gas are fuels made from decayed material from animal or plants
A unleaded B smokeless C solid D fossil
10 A nuclear reactor releases which is dangerous to the environment
A radiation B heat C energy D carbon dioxide
11 We could make better of our energy resources
12 The government has spent £1 million on an advertising to encourage energy conservation A campaign B promotion C operation D enterprise
13 All fossil fuels are resources that cannot be replaced after use
A unlimited B renewable C available D non-renewable
14 Solar energy is not only plentiful and infinite but also clean and safe
A boundless B unlimited C uncountable D inflexible
15 Many newer cars have a much lower fuel
A consuming B consumer C consumation D consumption
III Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence
Trang 416 Nellie Ross of Wyoming was the first woman governor in the United States
A who elected B to be elected C was elected D her election as
17 Pioneers, in isolated areas of the United States, were almost totally self-sufficient
A who living B living C lived D that Iived
18 Completed in 1756, Nassau Hall is the oldest building now on the campus of Princeton University A standing B it stands C has stood D stood
19 Jerome Kern's most famous work is Showboat, , most enduring musical comedies
A it is one of the finest B of the finest one C the finest one D one of the finest
20 in large quantities in the Middle East, oil became known as black gold because of the large profit it brought
A Discovering B which was discovered C Discovered D That when discovered
21 Neil Armstrong, person to set foot on the moon, reported that the surface was fine and powdery A the first B to be the first C was the first D as the first
22 The Massachusetts State House, in 1798, was the most distinguished building in the United States at that time
A completing B which was completed C was completed D to be completed
23 Lady Astor was the first woman her seat in Parliament
A take B to take C taking D who takes
24 Norman Weiner, mathematician and logician, had an important role in the development
of the computer A who as a B was a C whom a D a
25 War and Peace, , was published in 1869
A Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel B that Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
C which most celebrated novel of Leo Tolstoy D is a Leo Tolstoy's most celebrated novel
IV Choose word or phrase - A, B, C or D – that needs correcting
26 Louisa May Alcott, she best known for her books for children, served as a nurse during the Civil War A she B her books C served D during
27 I went to a reunion for students educating in the physics department during the 1980s
A reunion B educating C physics D during
28 Natural resources provide the raw material are needed to produce finished goods
A Natural B are needed C produce D goods
29 In an essay writing in 1779, Judith Sargeant Murray promoted the cause of women's education
A In an essay B writing C the cause of D women's education
Trang 530 It was suggested that Pedro studies the material more thoroughly before attempting to pass the exam A studies B more C attempting D to pass
V Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box
matter consuming filthy dangerous supply available reachs contain conservation safe renewable correct Solar energy, air and water are, usually called (31) renewable, resources because there is an unlimited (32) supply, of them However, this definition may change if people are not careful with the (33) consuming, of these, resources The quality of solar energy that (34) reachs the earth depends on the atmosphere If the atmosphere is polluted, the solar energy reaching the earth may be (35) dangerous If life is about to continue, the air must (36) contain the appropriate amount of N, O2, CO2 and other gases If humans continue to pollute the air, it will not contain the (37) correct amount of these gases Water is also a (38) matter to take into consideration Industry is making our water (39) filthy Therefore, resources must be conserved, the air and water must be protected (40) Conservation must play important part in life
VI Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answers
The search for alternative sources of energy has led in various directions Many communities are burning garbage and other biological waste products to produce electricity- Converting waste products to gases or oil is also an efficient way to dispose of wastes Experimental work is being done to derive synthetic fuels from coal, oil shale, and coal tars But to date, that process has proven expensive Other experiments are underway to harness power with giant windmills Geothermal power is also being tested Some experts expect utility companies to revive hydroelectric power derived from streams and rivers Fifty years ago hydroelectric power provided one third of the electricity used in the United States, but today it supplies only 4 percent The oceans are another potential source of energy Scientists are studying ways to convert the energy of ocean currents, tides, and waves to electricity Experiments are also underway to make use of temperature differences in ocean water to produce energy
41 What is the best title of the passage?
A The Use of Water Products for Energy B The Search for Alternative Sources of Energy
C Efficient Ways of Disposing of Waste D New Discoveries in Geothermal Power
42 What provided one third of the electricity in the United States fifty years ago?
A wind B waste products C water D oil
43 What could Rest replace the phrase 'geothermal power' in the passage?
A heat from the earth B gases in the earth's atmosphere
Trang 6C steam that shot up out of the earth D water in the ocean, lake, or river
44 Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage as an alternative source of energy?
A Burning of garbage B Geothermal power C Synthetic fuels D Electricity
45 According to the author, what is the impracticability of using coal, oil shale and coal tars' as sources of energy due to?
A They take a lot of time B They are expensive
C They are non-renewable resources D They are scarce resources
46 What can be inferred from the paragraph?
A All alternative production of energy will be derived from water
B Hydroelectric power will be the main source of energy
C Synthetic fuels will be the principal source of alternative energy
D Alternative energy will come from a variety of sources
VII Choose the best sentence - A, B, C or D -made from the given cues
47 the world/ energy resources/ take/ millions of years/ produce/ we/ quickly/ begin/ exhaust/ supplies/
A The world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce, so we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies
B Although the world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce, we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies
C The world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce because we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies
D Since the world's energy resources have taken many millions of years to produce, we are quickly beginning to exhaust these supplies
48 recently/ UN committee/ report/ world/ oil and gas supplies/ last/ about100 years/ if/ use/ carefully/
A Recently UN committee reported that world's oil and gas supplies, will last about 100 years
if they are used carefully
B Recently the UN committee reported that the world's oil and gas supplies would last about
100 years if using carefully
C Recently a UN committee reported that the world's oil and gas supplies would last about
100 years if used carefully
D Recently a UN committee reported that the world's oil and gas supplies would last about
100 years if it was used carefully
Trang 749 the report/ state/ there/ enough/ oil and gas/ a century/ only if/ present demand/ control/
A The report stated that there would be enough oil and gas for a century only if the present demand could be controlled
B The report stated that there would be oil and gas enough for a century only if the present
demand could be controlled
C The report stated that there were enough oil anD gas for a century only if the present
demand could controlled
D The report stated that there will be enough oil and gas for the century only if the present
demand can be controlled
50 according/ the report/ governments/ now/take/ steps/ control/ amounts/ fossil fuels/ use/
A According to the report, governments must now take steps to control amounts of fossil fuels that are using
B According to the report, governments must now take steps to control the amounts of fossil fuels which used
C According to the report, governments must now take steps to control the amounts of fossil fuels that are used
D According to the report, governments must now take steps to control the amounts of fossil fuels that was used
-THE END -
Trang 8TOPIC 12: THE ASIAN GAMES
A VOCABULARY:
1 advance [əd'vɑ:ns] (v) tiến bộ
2 appreciate [ə'pri:∫ieit] (v) đánh giá cao
3 aquatic sports [ə'kwætik spɔ:ts] (n) thể thao
8 cycling ['saikliη] (n) đua xe đạp
9 decade ['dekeid] (n) thập kỷ (10 năm)
10 enthusiasm [in'θju:ziæzm [in'θju:ziæzm] (n)
sự hăng hái, nhiệt tình
11 facility [fə'siliti] (n) tiện nghi
12 fencing ['fensiη] (n) đấu kiếm
13 hockey ['hɔki] (n) khúc côn cầu
14 host country [houst 'kʌntri] (n) chủ nhà
19 advertise ['ædvətaiz] (v) quảng cáo
20 equip [i'kwip] (v) trang bị
21 promote [prə'mout] (v) quảng bá
22 intercultural knowledge [in'tə: 'kʌlt∫ərəl 'nɔlidʒ] (n) kiến thức liên văn hóa
23 medal ['medl] (n) huy chương
24 mountain biking ['mauntin] (n) đua xe đạp địa hình
25 purpose ['pə:pəs] (n) mục đích
26 quality ['kwɔlifai] (n) chất lượng
27 rugby ['rʌgbi] (n) bóng bầu dục
33 wrestling ['resliη] (n) đấu vật
34 gymnastics [dʒim'næstik] (n) môn thể dục dụng cụ
35 high jump ['hai'dʒʌmp] (n) nhảy cao
36 live [laiv] (a) trực tiếp
37 long jump [lɔη dʒʌmp] (n) nhảy xa
38 record ['rekɔ:d] (n) kỷ lục
39 recruit [ri'kru:t] (v) tuyển
40 upgrade [ʌp'greid] (v) nâng cấp
Trang 9B GRAMMAR: MORE RELATIVE CLAUSES
Ôn về cấu trúc ĐẠI TỪ QUAN HỆ, trong đó đặc biệt lưu ý về phần: khi nào có thể lược bỏ đại từ quan hệ
- Khi đại từ quan hệ làm túc từ mà phía trước không có dấu phẩy hoặc giới từ thì có thể lược bỏ Eg: This is the man whom I have told you about => This is the man I have told you about (đúng)
- This is the man who lives next to my house
=> This is the man lives next to my house (sai) vì who là chủ từ của lives
- This is the man about whom I have told you
=> This is the man about I have told you about (sai) vì có giới từ about phía trước
- This is my mother, whom I have told you about
This is my mother, I have told you about (sai) vì có dấu phẩy phía trước
C PRACTICE TEST
I Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from that of the others
1 A attract B aquatic C added D facility
2 A athlete B appreciate C wrestling D freestyle
3 A gather B athletics C enthusiam D through
4 A compete B sport C effort D introduce
5 A attracted B added C competed D developed
II Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence or substitutes for the underlined word or phrase
6 The Vietnamese participants always take part sports events with great enthusiasm
9 In spite of all its , medical science knows little about the brain
A advantages B advances C approaches D advents
10 Football fans gathered around the TV in the comer of the club to see the final
A assembled B collected C wandered D reached
11 Recently the Asian Games has increased in
A polular B popularizing C popularity D popularly
Trang 1012 I'd rather go to the football field being at home today
A instead of B because of C inspite of D due to
13 The World Cup is a football which is open to all countries
A participation B involvement C occasion D competition
14 Scuba-diving and windsurfing are both aquatic sports
A field B water C combat D individual
15 Their efforts were much when they won 2 gold, medals in bodybuilding and billiards
A considered B required C expended D appreciated
III Choose the word or phrase - A, B, C or D - that best completes the sentence
16 Bill Gate, is the president of Microsoft Company, is a billionaire
17 Tuna, , may weigh up to 1,000 pounds
A one of the sea giants B can be giants of the sea
C is the sea giant D the sea of the giant
18 Louis Renault greatly improved automobile technology the drive shaft in 1898
A by inventing B that he invented C his inventing D the invention of
19 The whistle signaled the end of the first half The march will continue after half-time and now
AC Milan Juventus by 2 goal to nil
A led B is leading C has led D leads
20 Not only visit Japan but they plan to stop off in the USA as well
A they plan to B they must C will they D are they paying
21 There are believed over 300 species of trees in El Yunque rain forest in Puerto Rico
A to be B being C they are D there are
22 Helen asked me the film called 'Star Wars'
A have I seen B if I had seen C have you seen D if had I seen
23 Peter's score on the test is the highest in class; he last night
A must study B must have studied C studied D had studied
24 He speaks English as if he a native English
A were B had been C is D be
25 Her parents insisted that she until she finished her degree
A stayed B stays C stay D would stay
IV Choose the word or phrase- A, B, C or D - that needs correcting
Trang 1126 Those of you who signed up for Dr Daniel's anthropology class should get their books as soon
as possible A Those of B for C their D as possible
27 The geology professor showed us a sample of volcanic rock dated back seven hundred years
A television B recently C it D services charges
30 Rattan, a close relative of bamboo, is often used to make tables, chairs, and other furnitures
A a close B is often C to make D furnitures
V Fill in each blank with one appropriate word from the box
occasion competitive passed solidarity knowledge spirit backgrounds athletes developed flame unity relationships The (31) spirit of the Asian Games has been built up over a long period of time, and (32)
passed from one games to the next spreading message of (33) unity, warmth, and friendship through (34) competitive sports The warmth of the Asian Games comes not only from symbolic (35) flame, but from the (36) relationships that are established among individual (37) athletes, coaches, trainers, officials, volunteers, and spectators who come together from many different
(38) backgrounds and cultures It is an (39) occasion when strength and sports skills are tested; friendship and (40) solidarity are built and promoted
VI Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer
60 years ago the idea of disabled people doing sports was heard of But when the annual
games for the disabled were started at Stoke Mandeville, England in 1948 by Sit Ludwid
Guttmann, the situation began to change
Sir Ludwig Guttmann, who had been driven to England in 1939 from Nazi Germany, had been
asked by British Government to set up an, injury center at Stoke Mandeville near London His
ideas about treating injuries included sport for the disabled
In the first games just two teams of injured soldiers took part The next year, 1949, five teams
took part From those beginnings, things have developed fast Teams now come from abroad to
Stoke Mandeville every year In 1960 the first Olympics for the disabled were held in Rome, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games Now every four I years the Olympic Games for the
disabled are held, if possible, in the same place as the normal Olympic Games, although they are