Cách đánh dấu trọng âm và phát âm đúng tiếng anh

Song khtng phai ai cung nam vitng va hieu ro diMc nhvtng quy tac, luLt le trong tieng Anh de phat dm va noi chudn thii tieng nay.. Nhting dieu hudng ddn trong sach nay la rat can thiet

TRAN M ANH TITONG

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CACH OANH DAU

TRONG AM VA PHAT AM DUNG

W

cAc h dAn h d a u

t r o n g* Am vA

p h A t Am b u n g

T I E N G A N H

l 6 i n o i d a u

Nhu cdu hoc tieng Anh ngay cang nhieu, thu hut moi dot ttiOng trong xa hoi, dac biet la cdc em hoc sinh, sinh vien Song khtng phai ai cung nam vitng

va hieu ro diMc nhvtng quy tac, lu(Lt le trong tieng Anh de phat dm va noi chudn thii tieng nay.

B e dap ting nhu cdu tren, chung tdi to chtic bien soan cuon sach uC dch ddnh dau tron g dm va

p h a t dm dun g tien g Anh**.

Nhting dieu hudng ddn trong sach nay la rat can thiet cho nhting ai muon co nhting kl nang can ban de phat dm va noi tieng Anh chudn Sach dtiac chia lam

3 phan chinh:

• Phan 1 Trong dm

• Phdn II Nguyen dm

• Phdn III N gti dieu cua mot cdu

Sach trinh bay ngan gon, ro rang, d i hieu, cdc ban co the tiep thu kien thtic mot cach hieu qua nhat.

Hi vong qua cuon sach nay, cdc ban se cai thien dang ke viec phat dm va noi chudn tieng Anh Chuc cdc ban thdnh cdng!

T A C G IA

P A R T I TOONS AM (STBESS)

2 fim tilt:

member /’memba/ thdnh viin

tender /’tenda/ diu ddng, du yem

daughter rdo:ts/ congdi

3 fim tilt:

engineer /endji’nia/ ky 8it

continue /kan’tinju:/ tiep tuc

document /’dokjumant/ tdi lieu

Mpt Sun tilt bao gom m§t nh6m cac ch\J cai dirtjc phat &m

cClng nhau M5i fim tilt c6 thl c6 m§t hofic nhi£u phu im (C), nhifng chi m$t fim nguyen 6m (V) m& thoi Thinh thoang mot nguyen dm c6 thl dting m§t minh de t$o th&nh mpt am tiet ChCfng n&o mk nguyen &m d6 tvf^ng trtfng cho mot fim, thi am tilt d6 khong cin phai c6 phy fim

+ ho&c tnldc v6 sau nguySn am

* Cach xac dinh am tiet

Mot am nguyen am 16 ylu to cd ban di tao thAnh mot am

tilt Vi th l chung ta c6n phai biet mot chuoi chO cai nguySn 6m d$i di$n cho mot am nguyen am hay nhilu hdn So am tiet b6ng so 6m nguyen am

1 am tilt:

meat /mi:t/ : thit

2 am tiet:

create /kri’eit/ : tao ra

science rsaians/ : khoa hoc

8

Hay lvfu <f cac tti c6 hai am nguySn fim dting c$nh nhau sau:

creation (n) /kri’ei/n / si/ tao ra

create (v) /kri’eit/ sang too, tao ra

biology (n) /bai’nladji/ sinh hoc

geography (n) /d ji’ngrafi/ dia ly hoc

triangle (n) /’traaengl/ hinh tam gidc

reaction (n) /ri’ask/n/ sit phdn ting

reality (n) /ri’«lati/ sit that

geology (n) /d ji’nladji/ dia chat hoc

recreation (n) /rekri’ei/n / sitgiai tri

science (n) /’saians/ khoa hoc

association (n) /asausi’ei/n/ hiep hoi

♦Dpng tif c6 quy tac, d thi qu& khti dcfn -e d

Dong tuC c6 quy t&c (relular verb) dvf^c ket thuc b&ng It/ ho&c Id/ khi them -ed , thi tOf d6 dii^c phat am th§m mot am ti£t

Con cac d$ng tvf t^n cung b&ng cac am con lai, thi khi them ed v&o so fim ti£t khong thay doi

Vi du nhu painted, needed c6 hai am tiet trong khi d6 liked, looked chi c6 mot am tiet

So am tiet thay doi khi them “ed”

So &m D$ng tif

Qui khOf dcta

wanted invited divided

2

3

3 5

So &m tiet khong thay d& khi th£m “ed”

tiftplay chtfi 1 played Ipleidl

listen nghe 2 listened /'liasndl

cry kh6c 1 cried / kroid /

exercise luy$nt$p 3 exercised I ’eksdeaizdl

+ Tinh tif tan cung b&ng -e d

H&u h£t cac tinh tit d\l<?c t$o th&nh tit c&c dpng tit chAng h^n

trong a married man, a deserted area, an abandonedcild, thi cach tinh so fim tiet gitfng nhu dpng txt t£n ding b&ng

ed Tuy nhien, mpt so tinh trCf c6 t£n cilng b&ng -ed , ho$c mQt

s6 trying tit t^Ln cdng bang -ed ly dil^c phat &m nhil lit m§t &m

ti&t rieng bi$t /id/

Tinh ttt co hai am tiet (two syllables adjectives):

naked /’neikid/ trdn trudng

crooked /Tcrukid/ cong, oan

ragged /’raegid/ nhdu, cu

wretched /Yetid/ khon kho

rugged r rAgid/ go ghi, 1dm chxtm

learned /l3:nid/ uyin bdc

Trang tvf co 4 am tiet (4 syllables adverbs):

deservedly /di’z3:vidli/ xitng dang

supposedly /sa’pauzidli/ cho Id

allegedly /a’ledjidli/ : cho rdng (dUOc

khdng dinh, md khdng cdn chitng mink)

Trang tvt co 3 am tilt (3 syllables adverbs):

markedly /’ma:kidli/ mdt cdch ro rdng,

dang chu y

+ Danh tit s6 nhilu, d§ng tit ng 6i thit ba so ft, hay ed hdu cach

(possesive’s) dil<?c kit thuc b&ng: /s/, /z/, /t/, ///,/3/, /d y hay /ks/

thi tit d6 dvt^c phat &m th§m m$t am tilt.

PRACTICE PHAN A : AM TIET (SYLLABLES)

1 How many syllables? Write down the number.

2

3534

2

3335

4 Group the following words into the right column

according to their number syllables.

bookspacksnotionsthingspleasesdisappears

juicesdishesmanagesjogspreservesjoggers

villages judges agee—

1 syllables _2 syllables 3 syllables

things ages .villages

5 Underline the letter (e) in the (es) ending whenever it

EX snakes sheep (^bxes^) cats

1 wanted walked saved brushed

2. likes wants talks washes

3. chicken chocolate afternoon different

4. about around asleep asked

5. fourteen forty tenth hundred

6. builds rebuild builder building

7. supermaket waterfall holiday hairdresser

8. school texts over sports

9 interest ago lined needed

10 entertain tomorrow languages history

7 Circle the word with a different number of syllables.

EX rights knows beaches <atops2)

1 access passed needed knowledge

2 children difficult interview qualified

3 matches parents labors imported

4 decided advised combined employed

5 generous reasonable prepare tendency

6 tasks choice work boxes

7 farmers dislike used people

8 water waste iron cities

9 animal famous mineral resources

10 efforts enjoying country enough

PHAN B TRONG AM (STRESSED SYLLABLE)

Dinh nghia:

Trong am (stressed syllable) cua mot tit (word) la mot v&n (syllable) hay mot am tiet cua tCf d6 du<?c doc manh va cao hdn nhQng v&n con lai, nghia la phat am ra d6 vdi mot am lvfdng ldn hdn va cao d6 hdn

Doi khi mot tti khong nhvtng chi c6 mot trong am, ma con c6 hai trong am Khi d6 ta c6 trong am chinh (main stressed syllable) hay (primary stressed syllable) vh trong am phu

(secondary stressed syllable) NhQng tif chi mot am tilt thi dl nhien am tilt d6 cung la trong am Neu theo thti tu, thi trong

am, trCf manh nhSt den it manh nh^t, diidc Id hi§u bang nhflng

d£u nhifn giong dat dang trvfdc v& ben tren am tiet dtfdc

nhah giong nhu sau:

Trong am chinh “ ' " (main stressed syllable) hay trong

am dtp mot (primary stressed syllable)

Trong am phu “ ‘ " (second stress) hay trong am dtp hai (secondary stressed syllable)

Trong am phu cap ba (it hoac khong dung)

Trong am phu cap bon (it dung ho&c khong dung)

Nhvtng kl hi$u tr§n dtf^c goi la “dtfu nhfin giong” hay

“d£u &m” (accent mark)

VD: examination /ig’zaemi’nei/an/: ki thi

hay /examination/

Dildi dfiy Ik nhQng quy tic chung va rieng d l tim ra trong

fim cua m§t tit Thtfc ra, nhQng quy tac nay cung chi la nhflng

nh^n x6t v l phat am ma th6i, chUa thi coi la nhQng quy tac

nhif trong toan hoc dUtfc, vi quy tac nao cung c6 ngo$i 1$

a comrade rkomrid/ dSng chi

marmalade /’ma:mleid/ mitt cam

-ee

a refugee /refju’dji/ ngitcri ti nan

to guarantee /gaera’ti/ boo dam

Ngo^i If

coffee rkoRI cd phe

decade /de'keid/ th&p nien, mitdi ndm

committee /ka’miti/ uy ban

Cac ‘self-pronouns’ hay ‘relexive pronouns’: myself, himself

- Good helps those who help themselves: Trxti phu ke tit

ky sit

ngitdi TrungHoa

cdy tre qua bong

thuSc Id tidu thuyit ngan

giup thdn.

-esque

r * '

pictuseque /pikt/a’resk/ = dep nhit tranh

2 Nhufng van sau day cung luon co trong am

correct

Ngoai If

/ka’rekt/ dung

insect /’insekt/ c6n triing

- There is no effect without a cause: Nguyen nh&n ndo h&u qua &y

-fen

confer /kan’fa:/ hdi ki&n, ban cho

defer /di’fa/ chiu nhiibng, hoan lai

prefer /pri’fa:(r)/ thick hctn, khieu ng.i,

thdng ckhtc

iu y: NhQng dong tvf t$n cilng b&ng “fer” c6 hai danh tit vilt

ic nhau, doc khac nhau

conferrence /Tcofarans/ cuoc hdi kien

conferment /Tcanfa:mant/ li trao, ban

deference /’defarans/ sU chiu nhitdng

deferment /’difa:mant/ sit hoan lai

preference fprefarans/ stf thien vi

preferment /’prifa:mant/ sit tien cit

Ngoai If

coffer /•kofa/ ket ditng bac

to offer fofe/ de nghi giup, ddng cung

to pilfer /’pilffa(r)/ an cap vat

to suffer TsAfa/ chiu kho, chiu phat

ghet (to hate)

hap ddn, l6i cuon

ngan can, Idm trd ngai

ngoanh mat khdng nhin, tranh, ngiCa

*Chu y: B£t cd tieng n&o khac cung nh£n cl vin giong nhu v&n

chu£n cl d&u dong

Bai 2: Trong am vdi tCrco 2 am tiet

1 D&nh trong am vao am tiet dau doi vdi nhufng tu’ co hai

am tilt.

a Da so nhilng t£f c6 hai am tiet thi trong am cl am tilt d&u,

nhfft la khi fim tilt cuoi c6 t$n cilng b&ng “er, or, ar, y, ow,

ance, ent, en, on**

father /’fo&a/ cha

mother /’mAfta/ me

flower /’flaua/ hoa

to enter /tu’enta/ vao, di vao

to suffer /tu’sAfa/ chiu ditng

constant /^constant/ lien tuc lien mien

distant /’distant/ dxa, cach xa

instant /’instant/ ngay ttic thi

absent /’aebsent/ vdng mat

accent /’aeksant/ giong doc, noi

current /kArant/ hien hdnh

mountain r maun tan/ nui

forest /’forist/ ritng

plateau /’plaetou/ cao nguyen

valley /’vaeli/ thung lung

lion /’laian/ sit tit

parents r p3arants/ cha me

children /’t/ildran/ con cai

Ngoai If:

ciment /si’ment/ xi mang

canal /ka'nal/ kenh ddo

decoy /di*koi/ chim moi

desire /di’zaia/ itdc long

idea /ai’dia/ y tutting

ideal /ai’dia/ ly titting

July /dju’lai/ thdng 7

machine /ma/i:n/ cai may

police /po’li:s/ canh sdt

technique /tek’nik/ ky thudt

NhQng d6ng tit tAn cilng b&ng “ ent” thi thUcfng lai co trong

a cl am tilt thCt hai

to accent /tu aek’sent/ nhdn giong

to consent /tu kan’sentJ thod thuan

to frequent /tu fri'kwent/ : ndng lui ttii

to present /tu pri’zent/ gitii thieu, trinh bay.

Ngoai le: Nhilng tit c6 hai am tiet tAn cung b&ng “ ent” sau

Ly ditdc nh£n giong b am tiet thCf hai, du d6 la danh tii, dong

: hay tinh tit

event /i’vent/ sit kien, bien co

lament Aa’ment/ Itii than van, ren ri

descent /di’sent/ sit xiiong, dong doi

descend /dei’send/ nguon goc

Nhilng d§ng til sau dfiy t$

nhffn manh d Am tilt sau:

to confer /tu kan’fa'7

to prefer /tu pri’faV

to refer /tu ri’fa:/

b Da so danh tit v& tinh ti

fim tilt dlLu

cilng b&ng “er” nhvtng l^i dvf<?c

bdn bac, hoi y thich hdp tham khdo, vu>n den

fim tiet c6 trong &m chinh cl

bdn rdn tin trom dau dq,n bitu kien bd'me bita tiec dep trai

may moc mdu ndu sdm

c Da so danh tit vh t£nh tit hai &m tilt c6 trong fim chinh cl

am tilt diu

to enter r enta/ vdo

to govern PgAgan/ cai tri

to open /’oupan/ md

to deepen r di:pan/ ddo 8&u, Idm 8&u thim

to kindle /Trindle/ bat liia, khich dong

to finish /■fini// Idm xong, hqc xong, an xong

to study r stAdi/ hoc, nghiin cihi

to follow /’folou/ theo, theo sau

to narrow /*naerou/ thu hep Iqi

Ngofd If:

to allow /a’lau/ cho phep

2 Danh trpng a m vao am tilt thvf hai

Doi vdi nhilng dpng tvf c6 2 am tilt thi trong &m d fim tilt thti 2 vi fim tilt trUdc c6 d£c tinh tilp diu ngO

tin)

/ad’res/ d i dia chi lin thit tin

/a k’sept/ nhdn

dp dung

xip dat den Idm giam sdu, dau buoc lai, gdn, noi cat d6i

kit hop bti tuc (co-operate) hap tac

thu nh&p dung nhau ket ludn

khai trit, khdng cho gia nh&p

xoa bo vdo trong

perform /pa’fo:m/ thi hanh

pervade /pa’veid/ thdm nhiim

pro-:

propose /pra’pouz/ d i nghi, du dinh

- Man proposes, God disposes : Mitu stf tai nhdn, thdnh i tai thien.

sub-:

submit /sab’mit/ quy phuc dau hang

subdue /sab’djurz/ chinh phuc

sue-:

succeed /sak’siid/ thdnh cdng, kevi

suf-:

suffuse /sa’fjurz/ phu kin, dfi trdn

suggest /sag’djest/ de nghi

surmount /sa’maunt/ khdephue

surprise /sa’praiz/ Idm cho ngac nhien

trans-:

transfer /traen’sfa:/ thuyen chuyen

un-:

to unlock /an’lk/ mb khoa

to unman /an’maen/ Idm mtft can dam

out-:

to outdo /aut’du/ Idm hay hefn

to outgrow /aut’grou/ l&n nhanh hdn

Bai 3: Trpng am vdi tif co 3, 4 am tiet

1 Tif c6 3 am tilt

Danh v&o fim tilt dfiu

Hlu hit danh tif c6 3 fim tilt thi trong trong fim Cl fim tilt

dlu, nhtft lfi khi hai fim tilt sau c6 t$n cilng lfi: “ary, ature,

erty, ity, ory”

animal /animal/

elephant /a’lif ant/

violent Pvaialant/ (adj)

dH d6i kUfn true 81/

sung phong may bay, sung cao su

chien thang nintyt do tdi sdn, quyin sd huCu, dac tinh

hod hoc khodng v&t

ve sau chdn trdi chiia

September, October, November, December

Vd rat nhiiu dong tit md van dau Id tiep ngic, nhit:

to accomplish /a'kompli/ hoan thanh

to examine /ig’zaemin/ xem xet ky, khdo hack

to imagine /i’maedjin/ titdng titdng

+ Doi vdi dong tif

- Nlu fim tilt thijt hai c6 chtia nguyln fim ng&n ho$c du^c kit thuc bfing mpt phu fim thi trong fim rdi vfio fim tilt thii hai:

khuyih khich cham trdn bao gSm, chtia dvtng vdy quanh, bao quanh

assertance /assa’ein/ qua quyet

resurrect /reza’rekt/ phuc hoi, phuc sinh

+ Doi vdi d a n h tif va tinh tif

- Trong fim chinh rOi vfio fim tilt thii hai khi fim tilt cuoi lfi nguyen fim ng&n hay nguyen fim kip /au/ hay kit thuc bfing mpt phu fim vfi khi am tiet thti hai c6 chtia nguyen fim dfii hofic nguyen fim kip hofic diiqfc kit thuc bibig 2 phu fim trd len

tomato /ta’ma:tau/ cd chua

survivor /sa’vaiva/ song sot

mascara /mae’ska:ra/ thuoc chdi Idng mi

• Trong fim chinh rcti vfio fim tiet thii hai khi am tiet thti nh£ft khi cac am tiet con l$i c6 chiia nguyen am ng&n hay nguyen am k6p /au/ hay ket thuc b&ng mot phu am

library

cutlery

/’sinama/ rap chiiu phirn

riaibrari/ thit vien

rkAtlari/ mudng, dao

2 Tit c6 4 am tilt

Danh trong fim vfio fim tilt diu

alomosphere Astmasfia/ bau khi quyin

generator /^enareita/ may phat diin

sanctuary r saerjtjuari/ nxfi an to&n

sanguiary /’saefjgwinari/ ddm mdu

temporary /’temparari/ Idm thiji, tarn thdi

Ngo^i If

curriculum /ka’rikjulam/ chitting trinh hoc

cua dai hoc

memorandum /mema'raendam/ biin bdn ghi nhd

ultimatum /Alti’meitam/ toi hdu thu

enthusiast /in’Gjurziaest/ ngititi co nhiit tdm

ephemeral /i’femaral/ chong qua, mau tdn

Bai 4: M ot so cach danh dau trong am khac

1 Danh ttf chi cac mon hoc danh trong a m cach a m tilt cuoi mot am tiet.

economics /i:’konamiks/ kinhtehoc

geography M31 ografi/ : dia ly

geology /d ji’oladji/ : dia chat hoc

biology /bai’olodji/ sinh v&t hoc

2 Danh tif tan cung b&ng -ate, -ite, -ude, -ute trpng am cach am tiet cuoi m ft am tiet.

vien, cti sd

3 Tinh tif tan cung b&ng -ary, -ative, -ate, va -ite n h a n

manh v£n dau m ft van nhtf danh tif of phan 2 nhtf dong tif of phan 4.

hoc rong d6i dien, khdc han

4 D$ng tif t|ln cung -ate, -ude, -fy, -ply, -ize, -ise, nhan c&ch van cuoi hai van, nhvfng neu chi co hai am tiet thi nhan tr 9 ng am d am tiet cuoi.

apply /ap’lai/ dp dung, n$p dan

xin

to criticize /’kritisaiz/ phi binh

to compromise /’kompramaiz/ thod

hiip-Ngo^i If

to attribute /a’tribjurt/ qui vi, cho Id nhd

d

to contribute /kan’tribju:t/ dong gop vdo

to distribute /dis’tribju:t/ phdn phat

to infiltrate /in’filtreit/ Iqc, thdm qua, xdm

nhdp

to dehydrate /di'haidreit/ rut hit mtdc ra

to migrate r maigreit/ di tru

)6nh trong am tnfdc nhufng van sau d&y

- ance, ence, ant, ent:

attendance / a’tendans/ vi$c co mat

independence /indi’pendans/ nin doc Idp

-ian:

librarian /lanb’rrian/ qudn thu thit viin

politician /poli’ti/an/ chinh tri gia

•ience/ient:

consience /’kon/ans/ liCctng tdm

efficient /i’fi/ans/ hitu hiiu

• 5 i 0 ►»

-ic, -ical

poetic /pou’etik/ theo the thd

poetical /pou’etikl/ co hdn thd, nen thd

Ngoai If

Catholic /’kaeGalik/ cdnggiao

pohtics /’politiks/ chinh tri

pohtic P politik/ kh6n kheo

lunatic /’lu.natik/ ngiCbi dien

arithmetic /a’riGmetik/ todn so hoc

-eous

simultaneous /saimal’teinjas/ dSngthdi

spontaneous /spon’teinjas/ tif phat

-ious:

compendious /kam’pendias/ sue tich

victorous /vik’torias/ chiin thdng

-ous

famous /’feimas/ danh tieng

tremendous /tri’mendas/ vl dai, ghe rctn

- Unity makes strength!: Dodn kit Id site mq.nh!

- Familiarity breeds contempt!: Nhitn chd, co liim m&t!

-ory:

memory r memari/ tri nhd

factory /’fvaktari/ xilcmg, nhd may

suggestive /sag’djestiv/ gqi nhd liin tildng

instintive /ins’tiijtiv/ theo bdn ndng

expensive /iks’pensiv/ ■ dot

lo lang, nong Ibng mong

phep dinh benh benh xitng ruot benh lao

Bai 5: Tiep dau ngurva tie'p vi nguf

Khong co trpng am

Cac tien to: un-, in-, vfi h&u to thudng dtf<?c dilng di them

vfio mot tCf di tao th&nh dfii hdn Yk thong thtfdng trong fim

chinh d nhilng tit d&i hdn n&y thUdng khong doi n^ina lfi tif goc

nhfin fim tieft nko, tif chuyln hoa v6n danh dtfu trong fim 6 fim

ti£t d6

Sau day 1& m6t s6 ti£p dfiu ngd vfi ti£p vi ngQ khi th§m vko

mot tif khong l&m thay doi trong fim chinh cua tif d6

1 Tiep dau nguf khdng lam thay doi trpng am chinh cua tif

success unsuc’cessful /Ansak’sasful/ that bai

i’dentified uni’dentified /Anai’dentifaid/ ; chita xdc

■ khdng chinh xdc

■ khdng phu hap

■ thiiu, chUa ddy du

: khdng dat

: khdng chdn thdnh

■ khdng chinh xdc

■ m&u thudn

■ khdng sinh dong

■ khdng theo quy tac

■ khdng lien quan

■ khdng hap ly

■ khdng the phuc hoi

• khdng tdn giao

■ khdng the thay the dUOc

in‘acc urate

respective irre’spective /iriSpektiv/ bdt ch6p

con’nect disconnect /diska’nekt/ thdo reft ra

‘courage dis'courage /disSkAridy Idm chan

standard nonStandard /nDnStaendad/ : khdng dung

tieu chudn

‘courage en‘courage /in,kArid3/ ■ khuyin

khich

‘danger en'danger /in’deindjar/ nguy hiem

/rira’reindj/ sap xep lai

/ri: ’du/ Idm lai

/ri:,bild/ x&y ditng

Ian trai

/rir’rait/ viet lai

/ri:’da/ sap xep lai

/Andaweit/ nhe c&n

/Andar’estimeit/ : danh gia

qua thap

2 Tiep vi nguf khdng 1Am thay doi trong am cua tif goc.

Noun firom nouns.

n + ess actor nam diin vi§n actress nH diin viftn

n + ist art nghf thuftt artist ngh$ si

n + ship friend b$n friendship tinh b$n

n + dom king vua kingdom vtfdng qu6c

n + hood child tre con childhood thdi thd fi'u

Nouns firom verbs or adjectives.

v + ment

agree /ag’ri/ : dongy

agreement /ag’ri:mant/ : 8tf thoa thuan

v + ance:

resist /ri’zist/ : chong ctf

resistance /ri’zistans/ : sit khdng cxI

v + er

write /rait/ : viet

writer /’raita/ nhd van

van xin ngitdi hdnh khdt

chap thu&n sit chap thu&n

giao hdng viec giao hdng

dong hdnh ly goi hdnh ly

hieu si/ thdng cam

so sdnh sit so sdnh

dang noi cay ddng

adj tan cung b&ng **t” thi noun

urgent /’aidant/

urgency /’aidjansi/

adj tan cung b&ng “t” thi noun

patient /’pesi / ant/

8& U

Idm 8&u thim

nhd phi binh phi binh mdi ttii tdn hod

\

ve dep Idm dep, t6 diem gidn di

dchigian hod

42