Bộ sách Scott Foresman reading street grade 5 advance gồm các quyển sau: 5.1.1 This Is the Way We Go to School 5.1.2 Forecasting the Weather (Earth Science) 5.1.3 Harvesting Medicine on the Hill 5.1.4 African American Athletes (Social Studies) 5.1.5 The Land of Opportunity (Social Studies) 5.2.1 When the Disaster Is Over (Social Studies) 5.2.2 A Safe Heaven (Social Studies) 5.2.3 Making Friends in Mali 5.2.4 Saving Endangered Species (Life Science) 5.2.5 The National Guard Modern Minutemen (Social Studies) 5.3.1 The Patent Process (Social Studies) 5.3.2 The Inspiration of Art (Social Studies) 5.3.3 Whats New with Dinosaur Fossils (Life Science) 5.3.4 Music Gets the Blues (Social Studies) 5.3.5 Hollywood Special Effects (Social Studies) 5.4.1 Cheaper, Faster, Better Recent Technological Innovations (Social Studies) 5.4.2 Feel, Think, Move (Life Science) 5.4.3 A Home for Humans in Outer Space Is It Possible? (Space and Technology) 5.4.4 Nathaniel Comes to Town 5.4.5 What Makes Great Athletes? (Social Studies) 5.5.1 The Sandwich Brigade 5.5.2 Inventions from Space Travel (Space and Technology) 5.5.3 Astronauts and Cosmonauts (Space and Technology) 5.5.4 The Shaping of the Continents (Earth Science) 5.5.5 Journey to Statehood (Social Studies) 5.6.1 Oceans of Resources (Social Studies) 5.6.2 MixedUp Vegetables (Life Science) 5.6.3 From Salt to Silk Precious Goods (Social Studies) 5.6.4 Flying into the 21st Century 5.6.5 Unexpected Music (Social Studies)
Trang 1by Lawrence Howard
African
Athletes
Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.1.4
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features
Biography • Sequence of Events
• Fact and Opinion
• Ask Questions
• Captions
• Labels
• Charts
• Glossary
ISBN 0-328-13513-5
ì<(sk$m)=bdfbde< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Biography
Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
by Lawrence Howard
African
Athletes
Scott Foresman Reading Street 5.1.4
Genre Comprehension
Skills and Strategy Text Features
Biography • Sequence of Events
• Fact and Opinion
• Ask Questions
• Captions
• Labels
• Charts
• Glossary
ISBN 0-328-13513-5
ì<(sk$m)=bdfbde< +^-Ä-U-Ä-U
Biography
Suggested levels for Guided Reading, DRA, ™
Lexile, ® and Reading Recovery ™ are provided
in the Pearson Scott Foresman Leveling Guide.
Trang 21 Go back to the text of this collection of biographies
and find the order in which the following professional sports were integrated: hockey, baseball, basketball, football Write the order in a chart like the one below
Include the dates
2 If you could interview a current African American
sports figure, what questions would you ask?
3 Show that you know the meaning of the word
integrated by using it in a sentence.
4 Photographs often symbolize things that are going on
in society Go back to the photograph of the Brooklyn Dodgers on page 13 What does the picture symbolize
to you?
Reader Response
African
Athletes
by Lawrence Howard
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Trang 3Every effort has been made to secure permission and provide appropriate credit for
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correct errors called to its attention in subsequent editions.
Unless otherwise acknowledged, all photographs are the property of Scott Foresman,
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ISBN: 0-328-13513-5
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2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 V0G1 14 13 12 11 10 09 08 07 06 05
Facing Challenges
It is always challenging to be a great athlete
A great athlete must be smart, skillful, and fit
He or she must possess superior self-control and confidence Even while they’re struggling through adversity, the greatest athletes must find a way of masking their weaknesses from their opponents
In the past, being an African American athlete was especially challenging, as laws did not always give African Americans the same rights as other Americans Before the 1960s, African Americans in many places were not allowed to eat in the same restaurants as white people, or go to the same public schools Even the most celebrated and beloved
African American athletes were forced to submit to blatantly unfair regulations and restrictions
Conditions in our society have greatly improved since that time Yet African American athletes still
occasionally face discrimination, or unfair treatment.
This is the story of some great African American athletes Keep reading to find out about the challenges they faced, how they overcame them, and their amazing accomplishments
3
Trang 4Paige, Gibson, and “Cool Papa”
Satchel Paige was a remarkable African American
baseball player, and many baseball experts and fans
have hailed him as the best pitcher ever Paige was
legendary both for his overpowering fastball and
for his amazing stamina He once pitched a
mind-boggling twenty-nine games in one month! Paige
was also famed for possessing a unique assortment
of pitches He designated many of his pitches with
whimsical names, such as bee ball, jump ball, trouble
ball, and Long Tom For one of his pitches, the
hesitation pitch, Paige would pause in the middle of
his windup before releasing the ball to the plate
African Americans were prohibited from
playing in the major leagues
before 1947 Because of
that, Satchel Paige pitched
for twenty-two years in
the Negro leagues, which
were set up for African
Americans Finally, in 1948,
the Cleveland Indians signed
the forty-two-year-old
Paige to pitch for their ball
club Even at that relatively
advanced age, Paige was
good enough to throw for a
major league franchise But
his best playing days were
behind him
5
James Thomas Bell, nicknamed “Cool Papa,” was
a great center fielder who tore around the basepaths with blazing speed The Baseball Hall of Fame asserts that he was perhaps the fastest base runner ever
But Bell, being an African American, was denied the chance to demonstrate his brilliant talents in the major leagues
Josh Gibson was one of the greatest hitters in baseball history Although the Negro leagues failed
to keep accurate statistics, it’s estimated that he hit eight hundred home runs Many feel that if he’d been given the chance to play major league baseball, Gibson would have eclipsed Babe Ruth as the game’s most feared slugger!
Trang 5African Americans in Basketball
African Americans were barred from participating
in National Basketball Association (NBA) games until
1950 Marques Haynes and Willis Oliver were two
great basketball players who happened to be African
American Even during the height of their careers,
they were banned from NBA play Fortunately,
Haynes and Oliver were able to display their skills to
the world by suiting up for the Harlem Globetrotters,
a team of brilliant African American basketball
players that toured the country
competing against (and
invariably beating) whichever
teams would play them
In 1950, Earl Lloyd became the
first African American man to
play in the NBA Before joining
the NBA, Lloyd had played
college basketball brilliantly at
West Virginia State College
Lloyd was well known for his
courage and determination When
asked about the poor treatment
he had received because of his
race, Lloyd replied that the adversity,
or difficulties, that he faced made
him a better person
7
Football: The First Thirteen
From 1920 to 1933, thirteen African American men were allowed to play football in the National Football League (NFL) Starting in 1934, however, African Americans were barred from the league
They would not be allowed to play again until 1946
Ray Kemp was one of those thirteen men Kemp, who played the position of tackle, showed great patience with prejudiced coaches and players He did not want to jeopardize the chance for African
Americans to play in the NFL in the future
Another one of those first thirteen was Joe Lillard A sports reporter for a Boston newspaper said that Lillard was one of the best football players he had ever seen Lillard was great at catching, running, and kicking the football Unfortunately, Lillard’s greatness worked against him Some white players complained about having to play against someone so skilled
Abe Saperstein founded the Harlem Globetrotters
in 1926 They have played basketball for thousands of fans worldwide ever since.
Trang 6Willie O’Ree: Blind to Failure
Willie O’Ree was born in the Canadian province
of New Brunswick in 1935 Like most Canadian boys,
he cared a lot about hockey O’Ree became a very
good hockey player who was known for his speedy
skating He was also a black athlete competing in a
sport that was (and still is) dominated by white men
O’Ree rose quickly through the ranks of the
Canadian minor league hockey system Then, while
playing for the Kitchener-Waterloo Canucks during
the 1955-1956 hockey season, he was struck by a
hockey puck and lost sight in his right eye
9
Despite the injury, O’Ree was determined to play
in the National Hockey League (NHL) He changed his style of play to make up for his loss of sight, and continued to improve his game At the start of the 1957-1958 season, the Boston Bruins brought O’Ree into their training camp On January 18, 1958, O’Ree took to the ice for the Bruins against the Montreal Canadiens, becoming the first African American to play in an NHL hockey game
O’Ree played in only forty-five NHL games, but
he will be forever remembered for overcoming both
his partial blindness and the taunts and abuse he
suffered at the hands of opposing teams’ fans and players Said O’Ree: “I was determined that I wasn’t going to be run out of the rink.”
In 1998, O’Ree was appointed Director of Youth Development for NHL Diversity And on March
25, 2003, he was given the Lester Patrick Trophy in honor of his
“outstanding service to hockey in the United States.”
Willie O’Ree refused
to let his partial blindness, or his race, get in the way of playing professional hockey.
Trang 7Jackie Robinson: Hero to All
Exclusion from sports was not the only challenge
African American athletes faced Many were called rude
names and threatened in person, by phone, and by mail
Fans who were prejudiced, or disliked African Americans
for irrational reasons, were not the only ones to do
this Coaches and owners of other teams also insulted
African American athletes Even reporters and their own
teammates were not above berating them
Jackie Robinson is one of the best examples
of an African American athlete who faced these
challenges In the 1940s, Branch Rickey, the owner of
the Brooklyn Dodgers, wanted to bring an African
American onto his baseball team He knew there
were great African American baseball players who
could help his team win, but he would be breaking
a long-standing rule that barred African Americans
from playing in the major leagues
The Years During Which African Americans Were Barred from Certain Pro Sports:
Football
1934–1945
1917–1957 1946–1949
Basketball
Baseball
1888–1946
Hockey
11
Because he was the first African American to play in the major leagues, Jackie Robinson made the cover of Time magazine
Trang 8Rickey knew that the man he selected would have
to be more than just a great player The first African
American major league baseball player would need
almost unlimited courage and patience to deal with
the adversity he would face Rickey watched many
players before choosing Jackie Robinson for this
important and risky opportunity Robinson played his
first major league game on April 15, 1947
At first, some of the Dodgers said they would not
play with Robinson, but as they got to know him,
they began to respect him
Some fans and players called
Robinson bad names and spat on him
He was sent threatening letters in the
mail When Robinson was out on the
field playing second base, opposing
teams’ baserunners deliberately hit
him with their cleats when they slid
into the bag; when he came up to the
plate to bat, pitchers intentionally
aimed their throws at his head
Despite all these attacks, Robinson
did not show hatred or anger He did
not even answer back
Jackie Robinson’s teammates,
after first saying they would
not play with him, grew to
respect him.
It was years before every major league team allowed African American players But because of Robinson’s success, other African Americans were soon brought on by other teams By the early 1960s, the baseball world was comfortable with having African American players
For all that he endured, Robinson proved himself
a great human being as well as a great baseball player Millions of people came to recognize and respect him as a hero who broke down barriers in the game of baseball
13
BROOKLYN DODGERS
Trang 9Jesse Owens: Gold Medal Winner
Jesse Owens was one of the best track and field
athletes ever In 1936, Owens went to Germany to
compete in the Olympics with the U.S team
At the time, Germany was controlled by Adolf
Hitler Hitler thought African Americans were inferior
to, or not as good as, the “pure” Germans of white,
non-Jewish ethnic backgrounds He did not want to
see African American athletes win any medals
Owens didn’t care He won four gold medals at
the 1936 Olympics In the process, he broke several
records and embarrassed Hitler by beating the
athletes from Germany
Owens should have enjoyed an easy life after his
victories at the 1936 Olympics Sadly, racism in his
own country prevented him from doing so For years
after his Olympic victories,
the only way Owens could
make money was by racing
against horses and dogs He
commented, “People said it
was insulting for an Olympic
champion to run against
a horse, but what was I
supposed to do? I had
four gold medals, but
you can’t eat four
gold medals.”
15
Marshall Taylor: Ride to Glory
Marshall Taylor, an African American from Indiana, was a champion cyclist in the late 1800s and early 1900s He won many races and set countless records
He also had to live with the reality of racism As a boy, he was not allowed to join the local YMCA with his friends who were white Marshall and his friends protested, but the rules were not changed It was Marshall’s friends who gave him a bicycle to show their support
When Marshall began racing, other racers would push or block him to keep him from winning Despite such challenges, Taylor became a world champion
at age twenty He later became the first African American member
of an integrated,
or mixed-race, professional cycling team
Trang 10Hank Aaron: The Home Run King
Henry “Hank” Aaron was one of the best
major league baseball players of all time He is
best known for having broken Babe Ruth’s record
for the most home runs in a career
By 1973, Aaron, who played for the Atlanta
Braves, had hit enough home runs to practically
guarantee that he would break Ruth’s record
Some white fans thought it would be awful if
an African American broke the record set by the
beloved Ruth, who was white Because of this
prejudice, Aaron received many hundreds of
pieces of hate mail each week from angry racists
However, when Aaron finally broke Ruth’s record
in 1974, most fans cheered him on
In 1976 Hank became an executive for the
Atlanta Braves, and later took the position of vice
president He was elected to the Baseball Hall of
Fame in 1982
Aaron has received numerous other awards
and honors in his life Included among them
are a resolution by the U.S Senate in 1999,
congratulating him on his “great achievements”
in baseball and his commitment to young people,
and the Hank Aaron State Trail in Wisconsin,
dedicated in his honor in 2000
17
HANK AARON