Vai trò đội ngũ trí thức Thành phố Hồ Chí Minh trong gia đoạn hiện nay (2)

Research subject and scope Research subject: the dissertation focus on role of HCMC’s intellectuals toward the development of HCMC in the transformation time.. factors that influence t

VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

BIEU QUOC THANG

THE ROLE OF THE INTELLECTUALS OF HO CHI MINH

CITY IN THE CURRENT PERIOD

Major: Dialectical Materialism and Historical Materialism

Major code: 62 22 03 02

DOCTORAL DISSERTATION SUMMARY

HANOI - 2017

The doctoral dissertation is completed at:

GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Scientific Supervisor: Assoc Prof., DSc Luong Dinh Hai

Reviewer 1: Prof.Dr Le Van Quang

Reviewer 2: Prof.Dr Nguyễn Ngọc Long

Reviewer 3: Prof.Dr Dương Xuân Ngọc

The thesis will be defenced in the Commission for doctoral thesis evaluation of

the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences At……… on………… 2017

The thesis can be found at:

The National Libary of Vietnam

The Library of the Graduate Academy of Social Sciences

LIST OF PUBLISHED WORKS OF THE AUTHOR

I Scientific papers

1 Bieu Quoc Thang (2014) “Ho Chi Minh City brings into play the role of the itellectuals in the period of promoting industrialization and modernization”, The Review of Science, No.2, p 39-45

2 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “The role of the intellectuals of Ho Chi Minh City Union of Science and Technology asscociations in the Renovation period”, The Review of Propaganda, No3, p 42-45

3 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “The scientific research activities in the Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry” The Review of Education Management, No 71, p 56-59

4 Truong Van Tan, Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “The requirements for teachers in the Cause

of fundamental and comprehensive renovation of tertiary education in Vietnam today” The Political Review, No 1 + 2, p 133-139

5 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “Development of high quality human resources answering the demands of the transformation of the economic model of Ho Chi Minh city in the current period” The Processing of the City level Conference “Development of high quality human resources to meet the demands of the restructuring of the economy of Ho Chi Minh city”, p 219- 226

6 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “To brings into play the role of the itellectuals in the Cause of Renovation and International Integration”, The Political Review, No 7, p 52-56

7 Bieu Quoc Thang (2015) “To the understanding of the conception of Intelligence”, The Review of Human Resource Development, No 6, p 21-26

8 Lai Quang Ngoc, Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “The reality and solutions to promote the quality of the lecturers of the Ho Chi Minh City University of Industry”, The Education Review, No 388, p 21-24

9 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Ho Chi Minh thougth on the role of the Youth in the Revolution Cause”, The Review of Development of Human Resources, No, 1, p 17-21

10 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Ho Chi Minh City and the development of high quality human resources to meet the demands of renovation of economic model” The Review of Party Building, No 3, p 18-20 and 62

11 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “Factors influencing the creative capabilities of the Vietnamese intellectuals today”, The Political Review , No 3, p 33-37 and 42

12 Bieu Quoc Thang (2016) “To identify the present Intellectual”, The Review of Human Studies, No3, 68-77

II Scientific Research

1 Member of the Ministerial level scientific research “Promotion of the effect of private-public cooperation in the building of infrastructure in Ho Chi Minh city” Code B15-20 Evaluated date: May 29, 2016, Result: Average

2 Member of the Ministerial level scientific research “Development of high quality human resources in Vietnam today: requirements and solutions” Code B2013-

2014 Evaluated date: Sept 19, 2016, Result: Good

INTRODUCTION

1 The urgency of the research theme

The scientific and technological revolution has transferred humanity from an industrial economy to a knowledge economy, from using natural resources, capital, cheap labor workforces to using intelligence, knowledge

as the engine and driving force for the quick and sustainable development of each country Therefore, it is of strategic importance for each country to invest into people’s intellect, to build a strong intellectual resource efficiently

to integrate the country into the new development trend of the era

As for Vietnam, a country who is in a transition period to socialism with a low starting point without passing the phase of capitalist development and with much damage left from the two wars Being aware

of the trend of the era and the reality of the country, the Communist Party

of Vietnam has clearly stated: it is necessary to make use of different kinds

of resources, especially, for a country with limited financial and material resources such as ours Therefore, to avoid not falling behind, and to quickly develop into a modern industrial country, it is required that we promote efficiently the totality of all resources, among those are the intellectuals, which constitute especially important resource Thus, promoting the role of the intellectuals to develop our country, take us to a deserved place in the world stage is one of the most urgent requirement for Vietnam nowadays

Concerning Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), from Doi Moi until now, the intellectuals have constantly grown and contributed to the development of the city However, under the demand to be “together with the country, for the country”, “go first, arrive first” in the process of modernization and industrialization and with the goal of building HCMC into a civilized, modern city of high living standard, an economic, financial, commercial, scientific and technological center in the region; the contribution of the intellectuals is not of the same level of other cities in the region Hence, analyzing deeply, objectively, and systematically the role of the intellectuals in the transformation period, based on that analysis, proposing scientific solutions to promote more efficiently the role of the intellectuals,

so as to meet the requirements of development and integration of HCMC and the whole country is an urgent mission more than ever

All said, I decided to choose the theme: The role of the intellectuals

of Ho Chi Minh city in the current period for my PhD dissertation, I hope

to clarify and contributes my understanding to some theoretical and practical issues raised today

2 The purpose and tasks of the disseration

2.1 Purpose: Based on reasoning to clarify the role of HCMC’s

intellectuals in the transformation period, the dissertation will propose some solutions in order to promote the role of the intellectuals in the future

2.2 Tasks: Aside from literature review, the dissertation focuses on

accomplishing the following basic tasks:

First, to clarify some theoretical issues on the intellect and the role of

Vietnamese intellectuals in the transformation period

Second, to analyze to point out the accomplishment, limitations and

the problems toward fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals

Third, to propose some basic solutions in order to promote the role of

HCMC’s intellectuals more in the future

3 The theoretical foundation and research methodology

Theoretical foundation:the dissertation approaches the issue from the

angle of social philosophy and is based on the theory of Marxism- Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought, the view of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the role of the intellectuals

Research methodology: based on dialectic materialism and hisotirical

materialism, the dissertation combines different methodologies such as: analysis and synthesis, the unity of the historcal and the logical, induction and deduction, statistic and comparative methods, abstraction and generalization

4 Research subject and scope

Research subject: the dissertation focus on role of HCMC’s

intellectuals toward the development of HCMC in the transformation time

Research scope: HCMC’s intellectuals – who are living and working

for social-political organizations, of all economic components in HCMC from Doi Moi until now

5 Contribution of the dissertation

First, the dissertation contribute to the clarification of the role of

HCMC’s intellectuals in the transformation period based on the analysis of

their accomplisments and limitations

Second, the dissertation points out and analyzes the limitations in

promoting the role of HCMC’s intellectuals since Doi Moi

Third, the dissertation proposes certain solutions in order to promote

more efficiently the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the coming time

6 Theoretical and practical contribution of the dissertation

Theoretical contribution: the dissertation helps clarify some theoretical

issues with regards to conceptions and characteristics of intellectuals,

factors that influence the role of Vietnamese intellectuals; characteristics and reality of the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the new era

Practical contribution: the results of the dissertation can be use as

references for the manegerial officals of all levels in HCMC in promoting the role of intellectuals in the time of strengthening industrialization, modernization; it could also be used as reference to teaching, researching with contents related to intellectuals

7 Structure of the dissertation

Besides the preface, conclusion, references list and appendix, the main body of the dissertation is structured into four chapters with 12 sub-sections

Chapter 1 OVERALL REVIEW OF RESEARCH WORKS RELATED

TO THE THEME 1.1 Overseas and domestic research works related to the dissertation

1.1.1 Research works on the conception, characteristic, role and factors influencing the role of Vietnamese intellectuals

Overseas research: In almost every country, intellectuals have been

studied for a long time In these works, the authors have clarified the importance of paying attention to the work of training, selecting, using, compensating, appointing, etc., for the talented and intellectuals to develop For example, Tham Vinh Hoa and Ngo Quoc Dieu: “Respecting the intellectuals, respecting the talents, a hundred year long-term vision to build a strong nation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2008; the collective of authors: “On Russian intellectuals”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi,2009, etc Besides, there are many studies which don’t directly mention the intellectuals, but this theme is slid into the research For example, Lee Kwan Yew: “Lee Kwan Yew’s Collection of 40 years of political essays”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi,1994; Okuhina Yasuhiro: “Japanese politics and economics”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi,1994; Nghiem Ngan Than: “Discovering and using talents”, The National Politics – Truth Publishing House, Hanoi,2012, etc The results from those works are valuable as references for the author of this dissertation

Domestic research: Broadly speaking, there are a few research works

mention the concept, characteristics, point out the role and factors influencing the role of Vietnamese intellectuals For example, Pham Tat Dong “Vietnamese intellectuals: the reality and potentiality”, The National

Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 1995; Nguyen Thanh Tuan: “ Some issues regarding Vietnamese intellectuals”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998; Nguyen Khanh Bat and Tran Thi Huyen:

“Building the intellectuals in an era of strengthening the cause of industrialization, modernization according to Ho Chi Minh’s thought”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2012 In a narrower sense, there are works focus on the intellectuals in specific fields such as: Do Thi Thach: “Promoting the force of Vietnamese woman intellectuals in the Cause of Industrialization and Modernization”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005; Le Quang Quy: “Intellectuals in Architect

in a changing time”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006; Ngo Thi Phuong: “Intellectuals in Vietnamese social sciences and humanities in the process of transformation” The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2007, etc Although, there have been some results through researching the contents including the conceptions, characteristics, role, influencing factors to the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, however, those contents are not unified; some research focus too much on emphasizing the particular characteristics or aspects, thus overlooking other aspects; or analyzing the role of intellectuals too broadly, thus having made clear the noble mission of this class of people Therefore, in this dissertation, the author will continue to clarify and analyze the problems above

1.1.2 The outstanding works on the reality of the role of Vietnam and HCMC’s intellectuals

Regarding the reality of the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, there are

famous works such as: Nguyen Van Khanh, Nguyen Quoc Bao: “ Some issues concerning Vietnamese intellectuals”, The Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001; Nguyen Van Khanh: “Intellectuals with the Party in the liberation and building of the Nation”, The Press Agency Publishing House, Hanoi, 2004; Nguyen Dac Hung: “ Vietnamese intellectuals entering into an era of integration”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2009; Dam Duc Vuong: “ The reality and solution in cultivating Vietnamese intellectuals for the Cause of Renovation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014; etc, Those works have shed light on the reality of the role the intellectuals play in the period of national liberation and in the process of renovate the country The success of those works will be the basis for the author in analyzing the reality of the role the HCMC’s intellectuals play in a period with deeper and more complete change

Regarding the role of HCMC’s intellectuals, the outstanding works

including: Nguyen Quoi: “HCMC’s intellectuals and the problems of

intellectuals building socialism”, Journal of Sociology, No.4, 1989; Truong Van Tuan: “The reality concerning HCMC’s intellectuals and solutions to develop intellectuals to renovate the country and integrate internationally”, The Review of HCM University of Education Science, No.7, 2012; Vu Duc Khien: “Studying the situation of HCMC’s intellectuals in the process of industrialization and modernization”, The Review of Human Resource Development, No.2, 2013; etc To a certain extent, those works have clarified the role HCMC’s intellectuals have played in the era of Renovation However, the majority of those works are limited to a generalized, statistical level; they have not explored the issues

in depth to systematically point out the accomplishments, limitations, or raise problems the intellectuals are facing Therefore, those areas are where the author will focus on this dissertation

1.1.3 The outstanding works concerning the solutions for promoting the role of Vietnam and HCMC’s intellectuals

Regarding the solutions for promoting the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, there are: Nguyen Quoc Bao, Doan Thi Lich: “ The

intellectuals in the process of renovating the country”, The Labor Publishing House, Hanoi, 1998; Pham Tat Dong: “Orientation for developing Vietnamese intellectuals in the Cause of industrialization and modernization”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2001; Nguyen Dac Hung: “Vietnamese intellectuals and the requirement of developing the Nation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2005; Dam Duc Vuong: “The reality and solution of cultivating Vietnamese intellectuals in the country’s renovation”, The National Politics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2014; etc, Those works have proposed some solutions to promote the role of Vietnamese intellectuals They will

be the foundation for the author of this dissertation to build the solutions to

a more promotion of the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in the coming future

Concerning the solutions for promoting the role of HCMC’s intellectuals, there are: Nguyen Quoi, “HCMC’s intellectuals and the

problem of Viet kieu intellectuals come back and work in HCMC in international integration era”, The Journal of Sociology, No.4, 1989; Tran Van Phuong: “The ability to attract and the reality of using Viet kieu coming back and working in HCMC in the process of development and integration”, Research project of Institute level, Institute of Developmental Research HCMC, 2009; Truong Van Thuan: “ HCMC’s intellectuals in the period of industrialization and modernization of the country”, The Review

of Human Resource Development, No.2, 2009; Nguyen Vo: “ 5 years of implementing Decision 27-NQ/TW of the HCMC municipal party

committee, the first transitions”, Party Building Notebook, No.12, 2013;… although those works have proposed some solutions, these solutions are superficial Therefore, the dissertation will analyze this problem in more a detailed and systematic way

1.2 Scientific value of the works related to this dissertation and the problems the dissertation will continue to clarify

1.2.1 Scientific values of the general works

First, concerning the intellectuals and Vietnamese intellectuals, there

are different viewpoints about intellectuals, however, there have been some “criteria” that have been supported by majority of the researchers working on these problems: intellectual is a social stratum, laboring using the intellect and creativity, holding high educational level, bearing responsibility concerning the development of society, etc The majority of researchers claim that in all eras, intellectuals always have a deciding role toward the prosperity and advancement of each nation, each society Many scientists have pointed out the limitations, weaknesses, opportunities, challenges of Vietnamese intellectuals: specialized knowledge, creative ability, language ability, IT, international law, etc Many works also point

to some influencing factors and propose the direction and solution for promoting the role of the intellectuals in our nation

Second, concerning HCMC’s intellectuals, the authors all agree that:

HCMC’s intellectual is a part of Vietnamese intellectuals, always accompany and work for the cause of nation building and liberation There are some works that assess and predict the trend and movement of HCMC’s intellectuals in the Renovation era Although, they mostly only stop at the level of generalization and listing, many have propose the direction and solution to promoting the role of HCMC’s intellectuals

1.2.2 Issues that the dissertation will focus to clarify

First, concerning the conceptions and characteristics of intellectuals,

the influencing factors toward the role of Vietnamese intellectuals, agreed with the view of the Communist Party of Vietnam, the dissertation will analyze in depth some basic characteristics of the intellectuals in order to distinguish with other classes in society Moreover, the dissertation will focus on analyzing the typical roles of Vietnamese intellectuals nowadays Regarding the influencing factors on Vietnamese intellectuals, there has not been any research articulate these problems in full details Therefore, the dissertation will analyze these influencing factors based on the research done for this work

Second, concerning the characteristics of HCMC’s intellectuals, there

have not been works focuses on the characteristics and the role of

HCMC’s intellectuals in depth from a philosophical point of view As a result, the dissertation will focus on this issue based on: first, general analysis on HCMC Second, to point out and analyze some characteristics

of HCMC’s intellectuals Third, to analyze and prove in depth the accomplishments and limitations in fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals in a changing era Fourth, to point out and analyze some remaining issues in fulfilling the role of HCMC’s intellectuals Fifth, to propose some solutions in order to promote more efficiently an active role

of HCMC’s intellectuals in the coming future

Chapter Summary 1

The works mentioned above have contributed greatly to clarify the theoretical and practical issues concerning Vietnamese intellectuals in general and HCMC’s in particular On the one hand, the literature review allows the author to inherit the lessons and results from previous works; on the other hand, it provides necessary information for the author to gain a clear understanding of the issues, the aspects where previous works have

not fully explored

Chapter 2 THEORETICAL ISSUES RELATING TO INTELLECTUALS AND

THE ROLE OF VIETNAMESE INTELLECTUALS

2.1 Conception about and characteristic of intellectuals

2.1.1 Conceptions of intellectuals

First, the view of Marxism and Leninism on intellectuals, according to

the founders of Marxism-Leninism, intellectuals are a special social stratum, fully specialized in complex intellectual works, with high educational level, represent the contemporary intellect Intellectuals also think independently, are highly creative, they are the main workforce in spreading and applying knowledge in order to develop the entire society

Second, Ho Chi Minh’s thought and conception of the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) on intellectuals, according to Ho Chi Minh,

knowledge is understanding The intellectuals have to use knowledge and understanding to serve the people, the nation, together with the people liberate and build an independent nation so as to bring freedom, prosperity, and happiness to the people

For the CPV, since its beginning, the important role of the intellectuals toward the revolution had already realized However, at first, because of various reasons, the understanding of the intellectuals of some Party leaders was distorted and detached from reality This issue then was later improved; after which, many intellectuals were able to develop their role in nation

liberation Transitioning into the Doimoi period (Renovation period), our Party has always cared about the building and promotion of the intellectuals, prioritizing the role of creativity, innovation and social critique

of the intellectuals in socio-economic construction and development

Third, other conceptions about the intellectuals, besides the dictionary

definitions, based on different research methods, some other authors have drawn up their own conceptions of the intellectuals which stress criteria such as: complex intellectual work, high educational level, creative scientific work, specialized knowledge, sensitive to changes, moral, brave, social responsibility

In this dissertation, the author basically agree with the conception of the Communist Party of Vietnam that intellectuals are brainworkers, with high educational level on certain specialized area, have an ability to think independently, creatively, are able to spread and enrich knowledge, create products that are valuable for society As such, this definition has covered quite comprehensively the target, raised the characteristics of intellectuals;

in which, the definition has pointed out the labour products of the intellectuals have a bigger content than other conception Given these reasons, the dissertation believes that this is the most comprehensive definition

2.1.2 Basic features of intellectuals

First, they are brainworkers, this is a type of labour that requires the subjects to develop a high level of thinking in order to generalize and abstract so as to understand scientifically and systematically all objects and phenomenon With this type of labour, the labourers have to expend much

of his central nervous energy, because this type of labour often bring about scientific knowledge, theoretical knowledge, cultural values, in which, there is so much “gray-matter.”

Second, they are able to think independently and creatively Thinking

is a process of understanding rationally; it is a high level of human understanding Intellectuals are those with an ability to go deep into research to grasp an understanding the properties, the relations, the nature and discover the governing laws of the movement an development, from there on, develop the concepts correspond to different aspects and relations

to construct of the objects In nature, it is a creative activity of the intellectuals to discover the nature of the world To act like that, it is a requirement that the intellectuals have a creative thinking ability, which means, they can think out of the box, beyond the dogmas, independent of the old ideas, they have to always think, be curious, ready to discover the new, the suitable, the optimal so as to meet the demand of certain

historical circumstances This creativity is not for everyone, it always appears, usually, as the seeds, and accumulate and grow through education, experience, and the inspiration from research, discovery, expression or emotion This is the most typical and basic characteristic of the intellectuals

Third, the intellectuals are those with high level of education and specialty With the special type of labour, the intellectuals must have high level of education, at least a university degree As a consequence, compared with the average of the society, intellectuals are those with higher education However, in reality, there are those with less education but create much more for society, and get acknowledged as the real intellectuals There are people with university degree, or higher but their labour do not employ the brain or creativity, they don’t have an independent mind; those people are not consider intellectuals, they are only half-intellectuals As such, the qualifications are only necessary conditions but not sufficient conditions for a person to become an intellectual In addition, the intellectuals are also those with high level of specialty, deep specialized knowledge

Fourth, the intellectuals create the intellectual products that have high value toward society The intellectuals often use their intellect to create intellectual products which hold high value for society Those products possess a high level of gray-matter, they have an ability to predict and influence widely the society, they are high in sincerity, inherited from the old ideas but more complete, have an individual marks, often exist as an intellectual form Those products all strive for the value of sincerity, goodness, beauty, bringing happiness to the people, pushing society toward progress, though they can be of direct or indirect influence

Fifth, the intellectuals spread and apply knowledge into reality Spreading knowledge is a process of popularizing scientific results of the intellectuals into the society This is a demand, and the responsibility of the intellectuals The true intellectuals must bring their knowledge and understanding and apply into reality, to serve the people, and promote social development If they could not do it, they are only considered someone with

a high degree but can’t be considered a true intellectual On the other hand, the process of spreading and applying knowledge is the foundation of the formation of creative, scientific knowledge and cultural value

Therefore, to distinguish between the intellectuals and other classes in society, we need to based on the above characteristic However, the intellectual is a historical concept, thus, those above characteristics are only relative and generalized

2.2 The role and factors affecting the role of Vietnamese intellectuals

2.2.1 The role of Vietnamese intellectuals

The role of Vietnamese intellectuals can be explored from different angles, however, the dissertation only focuses on the basic content such as: First, the intellectuals provide the scientific arguments for policy making process of the Party and the State With a high level of creativity, high responsibility with the people and development of the country, through deep research into Marxism, Leninism, Ho Chi Minh’s thought, the advanced ideas of humanity, organizing independent research, survey, examination, conference, etc., the intellectuals have been providing scientific arguments for the Party and the State to create policies for the development of our nation

Second, the intellectuals develop a high quality workforce to meet the requirements of pushing the cause of industrialization and modernization

of our country They are the main workforce for the creation and spreading

of knowledge, through activities such as: construct curriculums, direct involvement in teaching, editing, publishing syllabus, learning documents, research, supervision, internship, etc., the intellectuals have contributed to the education and training, improving the specialized knowledge, technical skill, politically reasoning skill for a high quality workforce

Third, the intellectuals research to create, apply and transfer science and technology to pushing the cause of national industrialization and modernization With a high level of education and specialty, the intellectuals have studied deeply to create a system of scientific and technological knowledge Furthermore, they also apply the science and technology values, the innovation to become material for production; transfer the achievements of science and technology to organizations and individuals in order to upgrade the resources and means of production, contribute to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of production, modernize the society

Fourth, the intellectuals help build an advanced Vietnamese culture, rich in national identity, through researching, the intellectuals have created products of cultural and artistic values In addition, the intellectuals also contribute to the preservation and introduction traditional cultural values; receiving the high culture of humanity; identify, analyze and refute the conspiracies, distorted arguments of the enemies to protect the foundational thought of the Party

Fifth, the intellectuals act as social critics to contribute for refinement

of policies and laws of the State and the Party With an advantage of