Subject link 4 Tài liệu bồi dưỡng kĩ năng đọc hiểu

Subject link là quyển sách gồm nhiều cấp độ với nhiều bài đọc và chủ đề có liên quan tới nhau. Quyển sách nhằm giúp học sinh trình độ tiểu học và trung học rèn luyện kĩ năng đọc, bồi dưỡng kiên thức về khoa học tự nhiên, văn hóa xã hội.

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is a nine-level curriculum integration reading program for high-beginner

to high-intermediate students The series’ theme-based curriculum helps students to

improve their language abilities and also acquire new knowledge from the interesting

content presented in each of the passages With multiple lessons for each theme, Subject

Link allows students to develop a greater understanding of the curriculum and broaden

the context of their learning beyond single subject areas Creating relevant connections

between different subject areas, Subject Link encourages students to build upon their prior

knowledge and experiences to make learning more meaningful and to also gain a more

holistic view of the world

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CHAPTER 1

Science &

Social Studies

Supplementary Material

Science &

Social Studies

Science &

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How do people color fabrics?

Dyeing Naturally

What color reminds you of China?

Chinese Beliefs About Colors

What color makesyou happy?

Healing with Color

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Science

The primary colors of light

The primary colors of light are red, blue, and green

We get white light when we mix all three of these together

Background Knowledge

Complete the sentences with the key words.

6 A ball is a round that you play with

Before You Read

Look at the pictures and talk about what

we need to see color

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How do we know that white light is made of so many

colors? You can do an easy experiment Shine white

light through a prism The prism will break it down into the seven colors of the rainbow! This not only shows

that white light consists of many different colors It

also shows that we need white light in order to see the colorful world around us

Words 202

Look around you and count how many colors you can see There must be hundreds You might ask how we can

see these various colors Well, the colors we see actually

come from light

We need light to see colors White light, such as

sunlight, is a mixture of many colors of light When it hits

an object, some of the light is absorbed by the object and the rest is refl ected The color of the refl ected light

is the color that the object appears to be

5

Focus

How do we see color?

a prism and broken light

The Eye and White Light

How We See Color

What will happen if an object refl ects green light?

Think Critically

01

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Reading Comprehension raphic Organizer & Summary

Organize the information with the words from the box

A Choose the best answer.

Main idea 1 What is the main idea of this passage?

a Objects actually don’t have any colors

b We don’t know how we can see an object’s color

c We see the color of an object from the light’s refl ected color

d White light consists of many colors, yet looks white to our eyes

Detail 2 Which is NOT true about how we see color?

a Our eyes cannot see color when there is no light

b A red apple looks red because it absorbs red light

c When light hits an object, some of the light is refl ected

d If an object refl ects all the colors of light, we see it as white

Detail 3 What is TRUE about white light?

a Sunlight is not white light

b White light helps us see only certain colors

c White light is the refl ected light from an object

d A prism breaks down white light into the colors of a rainbow

Inference 4 What can be inferred from paragraph 3?

a If an object refl ects all the colors, it will look white

b If the colors of light are mixed, it will always looks black

c If an apple absorbs green light, we will see a green apple

d Even if we shine different lights on an object, it will look the same

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “various” in line 3?

B Answer the questions

1 What do we need to see color?

2 What is white light?

3 What can we learn from the prism experiment?

absorbs color mixture object light refl ected white light eyes red prism

1

3 2

How We See Color

absorbs colors colored enters refl ects see light

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Social Studies

Before You Read

White has different meanings to different cultures What

does white mean to the people in each picture?

Key WordsComplete the sentences with the key words.

China

China has a long history going back thousands of years

It has a rich culture, and it is known for its food, arts and crafts, and festivals.

Chinese Beliefs About Colors

Western brides traditionally wear white

People from some Asian cultures wear

white at a funeral

symbol

mysterious represents

5 You can see amazing fi reworks at Chinese New Year

6 The Chinese have a strong that the color red brings good luck

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Social Studies

20

25

Green was the color of spring, and it represented

energy and strength White was a symbol of brightness and purity It also symbolized death, so people wore white when loved ones died Yellow was considered to be the most beautiful color As it was a symbol of the earth’s rulers, the Chinese kings wore yellow and lived under yellow roofs

Some of these beliefs remain to this day, and the

Chinese continue to follow them What do colors mean to your culture? Are they similar to the examples above?

Words 224

When you see colors, some feelings or images may come to mind You may think of nature, danger, good luck, or bad luck For cultures around the world, colors

are symbols Their meanings, though, are not the same

in each culture For the Chinese, some colors have a special meaning It’s well known that they think of red as good luck, but what about the other colors?

The Chinese believed that black was the color of

the heavens, because they noticed that the northern sky was often strangely black This old belief became

a saying: “heaven and earth of mysterious black.” Red

was the color of good fortune and joy Therefore, it was

seen everywhere during celebrations such as weddings,

birthdays, and the New Year People gave money as gifts

in red envelopes as well

5

10

15

Focus

What colors are special

for the Chinese?

Different Colors, Different Meanings

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Organize the information with a ~ e from the box

Step 1

Complete the summary with the words from the box

Step 2

Certain colors had symbolic meaning to the Chinese For instance, black

color and could be seen at special Green was a(n)

the season of

of death, but also symbolized purity

was a symbol of kings and considered to be the most beautiful color Th ese

have remained until today

Main idea 1 What is this passage mainly about?

a why colors are special around the world

b what certain colors meant to the Chinese

c how every country has the same beliefs about colors

d how colors showed a person’s social position in China

Detail 2 Which color did the Chinese usually wear when their loved ones died?

Detail 3 What did the color yellow mean to the Chinese?

a It was the color of the sun

b It was a symbol of the earth’s rulers

c It was a symbol of energy and strength

d It was the color of brightness and purity

Inference 4 What can be inferred from this passage about ancient China?

a People wore green clothes in winter

b Little girls had to wear white dresses

c People wore red clothes on happy occasions

d People could not wear black or yellow clothes

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “strangely” in line 10?

1 What gifts did the Chinese usually give at a celebration?

inside

2 When did the Chinese start to believe that black was the color of the heavens?

often strangely black

3

representing symbol beliefs heavens color events considered spring lucky yellow

a the heavens

b the earth’s rulers

c energy and strength

d good fortune and joy

e brightness, purity, and death

Chinese Beliefs About Colors

What did the color green represent to the people?

heavens

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Science & Social Studies

Before You Read

These study rooms have different wall colors Which

color do you think is best for you? Why?

mentally

energizes relieving

Visible spectrum

The visible spectrum is a range of light waves

To the human eye, only these types of light are visible We see these colors in a rainbow.

3

Color

Science &

Soc ial Studies

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15

20

On the other hand, cool colors, such as violet, blue,

and green, are thought to have calming effects They are

thought to make you relaxed You can use blue and violet

to relieve headaches and heal wounds They can also help you get a good night’s sleep

Try color therapy in your daily life You can decorate your room with a certain color, wear clothes that have your favorite color, or eat some colored food Or, you can simply imagine that color But don’t focus on one color all the time It might have a bad effect on you! Just try different colors to see how you feel about them

Words 214

Nowadays, natural healing methods are becoming

more popular Color therapy is one of the oldest natural therapies It has been used since ancient times

According to color therapists, colors can affect us both mentally and physically That’s because color is light of a

certain wavelength and energy, so each color has unique

healing powers

Warm colors, such as red, orange, and yellow, are

thought to have energizing effects Color therapists

believe red can help increase blood fl ow, reduce

tiredness, and relieve colds They think yellow helps you

feel better when you feel down They also think it helps when you have trouble digesting food

5

10

Focus

Why can colors affect

us, according to color

therapists?

All About Color Therapy

What color would help you feel better now? Why?

Connect to Yourself

03

A wavelength is the distance

between the top of one wave and

the top of the next.

colorful fruits and vegetables

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effects Cool colors such as blue, violet and green have effects

tiredness, and relieve On the other hand, cool colors can help relieve headaches and help you have a good night’s sleep Experiment with diff erent colors to see how you feel about them

a Color therapy is very old

b Color can cause bad feelings

c There are cool colors and warm colors

d Color can be used to help heal our bodies and minds

Detail 2 Which colors would help relieve a cold?

Detail 3 Which is NOT an example of color therapy mentioned in this passage?

a eating some colored food

b wearing clothes of a certain color

c focusing on only one color all the time

d decorating your room with a certain color

Inference 4 What can be inferred from this passage?

a The color orange makes the body feel cold

b Cool colors help the mind better than warm colors

c A blue suit is good to wear when making a presentation

d Warm colors have a longer-lasting effect than cool colors

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “methods” in line 1?

1 Since when was color therapy used?

2 What colors could help if you need a good night’s sleep? Why?

improve reduce sleep colds feel

Effects

Examples

1) Red – helps increase – reduces tiredness – relieves a(n) 2) Yellow

– makes you feel better

3) Blue and violet – relieve – help heal – help you to have a good night’s sleep

Healing with Color

blood fl ow calming cold digest headaches energizing wounds

Why can colors affect us mentally and physically?

energizing

Warm colors can help improve blood fl ow, reduce

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Art

Before You Read

Guess and match each picture with the color

it produces

Dye

Dye is what people use to change the color of something

It can be a natural or man-made ingredient People use dye to color cloth and hair.

5 I’d like a lighter of blue for my room

Dyeing Naturally

Answer : Saffron-Yellow

, T rue Indigo-Blue, Henna-Brown, Red Onions-Red

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In Korea, people have used unripe persimmons as a

dye for a long time At fi rst, people living on Jeju Island

dyed fi shing lines with the fruit to strengthen them Later,

they used it to make cotton stronger and also to make traditional clothes These brown-colored clothes are

called garot which means “persimmon clothes.” They are

popular for work and everyday wear on the island

5

10

To dye fabrics with persimmon juice, fi rst, break up some unripe fruit Then, soak the fabric in the juice Next, dry the fabric on the grass under the sun After that, soak

it in water or more juice and dry it again Keep soaking

and drying it several times until it’s the right shade To

get different shades of brown or black, use different amounts of juice and water You can also get different

shades by varying the drying time.

Natural dyeing takes more time and work than using chemicals However, wearing clothes colored with natural dye is healthier for our skin In addition, these dyes don’t release harmful chemicals into the environment These are good reasons for choosing nature’s colors

What is a reason for

using natural dyes?

If you could dye clothes with fruit, what would you use? Why?

04

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Step 1

Step 2

On Jeju Island in Korea, people dye fabrics using unripe persimmons to make

clothes called garot This clothing is popular for work and daily use Persimmon involves several steps First,

persimmons are crushed Second, the fabric is soaked in

under the sun

repeated until the fabric turns the right

Soaking and drying are Compared to chemical

dyes, natural dyes are less harmful to us and the environment

a the process of using persimmon as a natural dye

b persimmon dyeing as a popular choice of coloring on Jeju Island

c the reason natural dyeing is more diffi cult than the chemical process

d the reason natural dyeing takes more time than the chemical process

Detail 2 What were unripe persimmons used for before garot?

Detail 3 What is NOT a way to get different shades in persimmon dyeing?

a putting the fabric on the grass

b using different amount of water

c soaking the fabric in more juice

d drying under the sun for a longer time

a Garot comes in all colors.

b Persimmons are easy to get on Jeju Island

c Jeju Islanders make clothes from persimmons

d People living on Jeju Island don’t eat persimmons

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “varying” in line 20?

1

and dry

What are the main steps in persimmon dyeing?

2 Before people developed chemical dyes, what did they use?

shade traditional chemical dried unripe

dry juice shade soak the sun water unripe

Process of Persimmon Dyeing

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How would people store food in ancient times?

Salami and Kimchi

Why is salt important

in your daily life?

Our Bodies and Salt

What does a desert look like?

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Before You Read

There are two types of salt Can you

guess where each comes from?

A History of Salt

a

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From the Stone Age to Modern Times

Nowadays, we can fi nd salt in most kitchens But in

the past, salt was a rare and valuable mineral Back in

the sixth century, salt was even worth as much as gold!

During the Stone Age, people ate a lot of red meat

Because red meat is naturally rich in salt, people didn’t

need to fi nd salt elsewhere However, as farming became popular and people ate more wheat and rice, they had less salt in their diets So, people had to search for other ways to get salt

Around 6000 B.C., the Chinese began collecting salt

from lakes to fl avor their food This is the oldest recorded history of salt production But there were other methods

of collecting salt, too People in Central Asia mined rock

salt underground around 4500 B.C Around 3000 B.C., the Egyptians began to collect salt from evaporated seawater By 800 B.C., the Chinese were producing salt

by boiling seawater It took less time than waiting for the

seawater to evaporate

Because these methods took a long time, salt was very valuable In fact, it was even used as money In China, people paid taxes with salt In Rome, soldiers

were paid part of their wages in salt

Salt is now very cheap to buy But it remains an important part of the human diet, and it is something we can’t live without

Words 227

Focus

Where did people get

salt in the past?

salt production techniques in ancient China

salt pans at Maras, near Cuzco in Sacred Valley, Peru

05

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Write the numbers in the correct order

today, but it still remains an important part of our diet

a Salt is very important because we need it to live

b Salt is expensive because of the diffi cult production process

c Salt used to be more valuable before people started farming

d Salt has been an important and valuable mineral throughout history

Detail 2 What is NOT mentioned as a way of getting salt?

Detail 3 Which is NOT true about salt?

a Salt is very cheap because it is not important anymore

b The several methods to produce salt all took a long time

c During the sixth century, salt was worth as much as gold

d People got enough salt from red meat during the Stone Age

Inference 4 What can be inferred from paragraph 4?

a Salt was only used for cooking

b Roman soldiers ate too much salt

c People in Rome could buy things with salt

d Roman soldiers were unhappy with their wages

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the phrase “rich in” in line 5?

1 What made people of the Stone Age search for other ways to get salt?

2 What is the fi rst recorded method used to get salt?

3

The Chinese began collecting salt from the lakes.

Central Asian people mined rock salt underground.

The Chinese learned to get salt by boiling salt water.

The Egyptians collected salt from evaporated seawater.

People could get enough salt from eating a lot of red meat.

Salt has been very valuable

mining evaporation

It has become cheaper

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Mineral

Minerals such as iron are natural materials You can fi nd them in the earth But small amounts of some minerals are also in the foods you eat They help your body to grow and stay healthy.

preserve

function nerves

5 These days, people food in refrigerators

6 The left and right parts of the brain in different ways

Before You Read

Which of these foods is the least salty? Which is the

most salty? Put the letters in the order of saltiness

blood pressure

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Science

Eat Less or More?

Our Bodies and Salt

Salt is a type of mineral Adding a little salt to food can bring out the food’s natural fl avor It can also be used

to preserve food

Not only does salt improve our diets, it is essential

to our health Our muscles need it to move Our hearts

need it to beat Even the brain and nerves need salt to communicate and function properly If we do not get

enough salt, the systems in our bodies do not work well

We might get tired, and our thinking might slow down Our muscles might get sore, or we might even get headaches

Eating salt helps our bodies and minds work better

5

10

15

20

However, just as too much salt can ruin the fl avor

of food, it can also harm our bodies Scientists say that

too much salt can cause high blood pressure This is

dangerous because it can lead to heart problems And because people tend to like the taste of salty food, heart problems are becoming more common

Salt is an important mineral that our bodies need We

can’t live without it However, it is wise to pay attention

to the amount of salt in your diet if you care about your health

Words 201

Focus

Why is salt important

Heart disease is the number one cause of death for both men and women in the United States.

06

You can see how much salt the food has on the nutrition facts label.

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amount low high muscles pressure heart systems thinking

Step 1

Step 2

the taste of food and to it It is also

an important part of our diet If a(n) is low in salt, the systems

properly Our bodies and minds need salt

in our bodies do not function

to work well However, a diet that is in salt can cause high

heart problems Th erefore, it is wise blood pressure Th is can lead to

to pay attention to the amount of salt in your diet in order for you to stay

a People should stop eating salt

b Salt can preserve food better than a refrigerator

c High blood pressure is a reason for heart problems

d Salt is necessary, but too much can cause problems

Detail 2 Which does NOT occur when you don’t get enough salt?

Detail 3 Which part of the body can be harmed by too much salt?

Inference 4 Which can be inferred from this passage?

a Salt adds more fl avor to food than sugar

b More people have high blood pressure today

c Not enough salt is better for our health than too much salt

d Before people started eating salt, they were much healthier

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “wise” in line 19?

1 How does salt improve food?

2 Why do the nerves and brain need salt?

3

amount cause healthy improve diet function heart high pressure preserve

Our Bodies and Salt

The systems in our bodies do not work well.

Our bodies get tired, and our thinking may slow down.

might get sore, or we might get headaches.

Effects

Diet

in saltCauses

Diet

Pay attention to the of salt in your diet if you care about your health.

Conclusion

Salt is used to improve preserve

pressure

Our muscles

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Social Studies & Science

7

& Sc ience

Soc ial Studies

Before You Read

What is the difference between the two

places? And how are they alike?

4 The Eiffel Tower is a tourist in Paris

5 When you her with her brother, she is taller

Salar de Uyuni

Namib Naukluft National Park, Namibia, Africa

Salar de Uyuni, Bolivia, South America

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Social Studies & Science

15

20

Why do these pictures look real? Well, there are

no objects to give perspective Normally, when we see

something, we have a way to tell distance and size Our

brains compare things to other nearby objects In this way, we get perspective However, on the Uyuni salt fl at, there is almost nothing to compare things with, so it is hard to judge the distances between objects

Salar de Uyuni gives tourists an opportunity to enjoy

nature’s wonders and have fun at the same time So before you go, look up some fun photo ideas

Words 223

Salar de Uyuni, located in southwest Bolivia, is the

largest salt fl at in the world At over 12,000 square

kilometers, it looks endless Because of its incredible

beauty, it is a popular tourist attraction When it rains, the area is covered with a thin layer of water This water

acts as a huge mirror for the sky

However, it is not just the beauty that attracts tourists The area lets them take fun pictures, too For example, look at the photos below The fi rst photo shows

a pair of sunglasses and two people They look tiny

compared to the sunglasses, and they look as if they are

standing on the frames In the other photo, it looks as if

a giant is about to eat a tiny human!

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beauty fun photos tourist nature objects wonders compare

Look up some great photo ideas before you go

a a fun place to take photographs

b how a special salt fl at was made

c a historical site in Salar de Uyuni

d the largest salt fl at and its history

Detail 2 Which is NOT true about Salar de Uyuni?

a Many tourists enjoy it

b It doesn’t rain on the salt fl at

c It is the world’s largest salt fl at

d It is over 12,000 square kilometers

Detail 3 What makes Salar de Uyuni look like a mirror?

Inference 4 What can be inferred from this passage about Salar de Uyuni?

a We can take pictures to tell distance and size

b After it rains, people go swimming because of the salt water

c Only people with good cameras can make objects look different in size

d People couldn’t take such fun pictures if there were objects to compare themwith

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “way” in line 16?

1 Where is Salar de Uyuni?

2 Why do people like to visit Salar de Uyuni?

place, and they can take fun there

tell the distances between them

fun photos.

Salar de Uyuni

Why do the fun photos taken at Salar de Uyuni look real?

wonderscompare

layer water , which acts like a(n) mirror

perspective

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Before You Read

Here are some foods preserved in various ways

Check the foods that are preserved with salt

goes bad

bacteria moisture

What salt does to fungi and bacteria

Fungi and bacteria love moist places Food is a perfect place for them to live Salt can be used to dry out moisture from the food so that fungi and bacteria cannot live.

8

Salt

Science &

Soc ial Studies

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is enjoyed daily in Korea The word “kimchi” comes from

the word chimchae, which means “soaked vegetables.”

To make kimchi, you need to soak vegetables in salt

water The salt in the water preserves them and keeps them crunchy

Today we have refrigerators, but that does not stop

us from using salt to preserve food After all, such foods have long been part of our daily diets!

Words 212

In ancient times, it was diffi cult to keep food fresh for a long time There were no refrigerators, so food

went bad and made people sick Fortunately, people

discovered salt Not only did it add fl avor to food, but it

also dried it out Therefore, it had no moisture for fungi and bacteria to grow in By using salt, food could last for

longer periods of time

Salami is a popular meat that is preserved with salt

The word “salami” contains the Italian word for salt,

sale, and it means “all kinds of salted meats.” To make

salami, you need to mix salt and other seasonings with ground meat and hang it to dry After a while, you can

enjoy the salami

5

10

Focus

How has salt changed

the way we eat?

Is there any food in your country that is preserved with salt?

ground meat

Foods Preserved with Salt

Salami and Kimchi 08

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Step 1

Step 2

In ancient times, people began using salt to food Salt dries out the

in food so and cannot grow Salami is made

by adding salt and other seasonings to meat Kimchi is made

in salt water The salt keeps them crunchy and longer Foods preserved with salt have long been part

of our daily diets

a the use of salt to preserve food

b the recipes for making salami and kimchi

c how salt was developed as a food source

d how to use salt to prevent bacteria from growing

Detail 2 What is NOT mentioned as a characteristic of salt?

Detail 3 Which is NOT true about kimchi?

a It is enjoyed daily in Korea

b Kimchi is an old name of chimchae.

c Kimchi got its name from its ingredients

d Kimchi has a common ingredient with salami

a Drying food can be another way to preserve it

b People eat less salt because they have refrigerators

c The ability of salt to preserve food was discovered in Italy

d People had made kimchi even before salt was discovered

Vocabulary 5 Which can replace the word “last” in line 6?

1 How does salt preserve food?

2 What does “salami” mean?

moisture vegetables bacteria diets

cabbage dry salted salt crunchy soaked meat seasonings water

CommonIngredient

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How We Hear Sound

What is an echo?

Echo and Narcissus

What sounds could you hear in the ocean?

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Science

Before You Read

Look at the pictures Who can’t hear

sound? Why?

9

Science

Sound

Molecule

A molecule is a group of atoms that are joined together

Everything is made of molecules, including gas, liquids, and solids Molecules can move and vibrate.

attaching

shaking vibrate

4 She is the box to fi gure out what’s in it

6 Baseball bats are very so they don’t break easily

How We Hear Sound

a

c

d b

molecule

atom

Answer

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