Fundamentals of corporate finance 10e ROSS JORDAN chap003

• The DuPont Identity• Using Financial Statement Information... Sources and Uses of Cash Sources • Cash inflow – occurs when we “sell” something and we add to the cash account • Decre

Chapter Outline

• Cash Flows and Financial

Statements: A Closer Look

• Standardized Financial Statements

• Ratio Analysis

• The DuPont Identity

• Using Financial Statement

Information

• The DuPont Identity

• Using Financial Statement

Information

Net FA 3,138 3,358 C/S 2,556 2,167

Total Assets 5,394 5,033 Total Liab & Equity 5,394 5,033

XYZ Corporation December 31, 201X (Figures in millions of dollars)

Sources and Uses of

Cash

Sources

• Cash inflow – occurs when we “sell”

something and we add to the cash account

• Decrease in asset account

• Accounts receivable, inventory, and net

fixed assets

• Increase in liability or equity account

• Accounts payable, other current liabilities,

and common stock

• Increase in asset account

• Cash and other current assets

• Decrease in liability or equity

account

• Notes payable and long-term debt

Statement of Cash Flows

Statement that summarizes the sources and uses of cash

Statement of Cash Flows

Changes divided into three major categories:

1 Operating Activity – includes net income

and changes in most current accounts

2 Investment Activity – includes changes in

fixed assets

3 Financing Activity – includes changes in

notes payable, long-term debt, and equity accounts, as well as dividends

Inventory 60 Net Cash from Financing -641 Increase in A/P 4

Increase in Other CL 309 Net Increase in Cash 638 Less: Increase in other CA -39

Net Cash from Operations 1,175 Cash End of Year 696

Investment Activity Sale of Fixed Assets 104 Net Cash from Investments 104

(Numbers in millions of dollars)

• The DuPont Identity

• Using Financial Statement

Information

Standardized Financial Statements

• Standardized statements make it easier to

compare financial information, particularly as the company grows

• They are also useful for comparing

companies of different sizes, particularly within the same industry

Standardized Financial

Statements

Compute all accounts as a

percent of total assets

Compute all line items as a

percent of sales

• The DuPont Identity

• Using Financial Statement

Information

Ratio Analysis

numerous lines from both the income statement and balance sheet and to

interpret this information in a meaningful way

grasp at one time.

3-16

using data from a

balance sheet and/or

an income statement

Ratio Analysis

• Ratios allow for better comparison

through time or between companies

• As we look at each ratio, ask

yourself what the ratio is trying to measure and why that information

is important?

Total CA 2,256 1,675 LT Debt 843 1,091 Net FA 3,138 3,358 C/S 2,556 2,167

Total Assets 5,394 5,033 Total Liab & Equity 5,394 5,033

XYZ Corporation December 31, 201X (Figures in millions of dollars)

Net FA 3,138 3,358 C/S 2,556 2,167

Total Assets 5,394 5,033 Total Liab

& Equity 5,394 5,033

XYZ Corporation December 31, 201X (Figures in millions of dollars)

Computing Long-term

Solvency Ratios Total Debt Ratio = (TA – TE) / TA

Debt/Equity = TD / TE

C/S 2,556 2,167

Total Assets 5,394 5,033 Total Liab

& Equity 5,394 5,033

XYZ Corporation December 31, 201X (Figures in millions of dollars)

Computing Total Asset

Turnover

Total Asset Turnover = TAT

= Sales / Total Assets

Computing Market Value

Measures

and if the number of shares of common stock outstanding is:

190.9 million ,

Earnings per share

Computing Market Value

Measures

If the Market Price

= $87.65 per share and

If the number of shares of common stock outstanding is: 190.9 million ,

and the book value of the equity is $2,556 ,

Then the Market-to-book ratio = Market value per share / book value per share

The EBITDA ratio uses the book value of the company

to value all of the operating assets (the enterprise value) and compare them to the operating cash flow generated by those assets (EBITDA).

Chapter Outline

• Cash Flows and Financial

Statements: A Closer Look

• Standardized Financial Statements

• Ratio Analysis

• The DuPont Identity

• Using Financial Statement

Information

The DuPont Identity

The DuPont Identity allows us

to get a big picture

of how the puzzle pieces of different ratios fit together

• Equity multiplier is a measure of the firm’s financial leverage

Expanded DuPont

Analysis – DuPont Data

Extended Du Pont Chart

Chapter Outline

• Cash Flows and Financial

Statements: A Closer Look

• Standardized Financial Statements

• Ratio Analysis

• The DuPont Identity

• Using Financial Statement

Information

• Planning for the future

– guide in estimating future cash flows

Benchmarking

Ratios are not very helpful by themselves; they need to be compared to something

Time-Trend Analysis:

• Used to see how the firm’s performance is

changing through time

• Data is used from comparative year’s

income statements and balance sheets of the same organization

• Internal and external uses

Benchmarking

Ratios are not very helpful by themselves; they need to be compared to something

• Peer Group Analysis:

• Compare to similar companies or

within industries

• SIC and NAICS codes

Potential Problems

• There is no underlying theory, so there

is no way to know which ratios are most relevant

• Benchmarking is difficult for diversified

firms

• Globalization and international

competition makes comparison more difficult because of differences in

accounting regulations

More Potential Problems

• Some industries have specialized ratios

that have no comparisons to any other industry

• Varying accounting procedures, i.e

FIFO vs LIFO

• Different fiscal years

• Extraordinary events

Work the Web

• The Internet makes ratio analysis much

easier than it has been in the past

• Click on the web surfer to go to

www.reuters.com

• Click on Stocks, then choose a company and

enter its ticker symbol

• Click on Ratios to see what information is

available

 What are the major categories of ratios and how

do you compute specific ratios within each category?

 What are some of the problems associated with financial statement analysis?

Comprehensive

Problem

• XYZ Corporation has the following

financial information for the previous year:

• Sales: $8M, PM = 8%, CA = $2M, FA

= $6M, NWC = $1M, LTD = $3M

• Compute the ROE using the DuPont

Analysis

Terminology

• Sources and Uses of Funds

• Liquidity ratios

• Long-term solvency ratios

• Asset management ratios

• Turnover ratios

• Profitability ratios

• Market value ratios

• DuPont Identity

Formulas

ROE = PM * TAT * EM

The Return on Equity (ROE) =

Profit Margin on Sales * Total Asset Turnover * Equity

Multiplier

Key Concepts and Skills

• Differentiate the sources and uses of

funds in an organization

• Identify the items on a Statement of

Cash Flows

• Describe the two units of measure used

for standardizing financial statements

Key Concepts and Skills

• Construct and interpret the ratios

from each of the five categories

• Compute and interpret the

DuPont Identity

• Describe the problems and pitfalls

in the use of financial statement analysis.

1 The Statement of Cash Flows

document identifies the sources and uses of funds in an organization

2 Ratio analysis dissects income

statement and balance sheet information into understandable, discrete components in a ratio format

What are the most important topics of this chapter?

3 The five categories of ratio analysis

helps to group ratios

4 The DuPont identity puts ratios into

an organizational format to demonstrate the relationship of some

of the key ratios

5 Trend analysis and industry ratios

provide a benchmarking comparison

What are the most important topics of this chapter?

Questions?