Trau dồi và mở rộng vốn từ vựng tiếng anh theo chủ điểm

Trong việc học ngoại ngừ nói chung và học tiêng Anh nói riêng, tra cứu và học từ vựng là bước căn bản để các bạn tiếp cận với các kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết.. Chính vì vậy, cuốn sách “

T R A U D Ồ I V À M Ở R Ộ N G

V Ó N T Ừ V Ụ N G T IÉ N G A N H

T H E O C H Ủ Đ IẺ M

j ß ö i I t Ó i đ ầ u

Bạn đọc thân mến!

Trong việc học ngoại ngừ nói chung và học tiêng Anh nói riêng, tra cứu và học từ vựng là bước căn bản để các bạn tiếp cận với các kỹ năng nghe, nói, đọc, viết

Chính vì vậy, cuốn sách “Trau dồi và mở rộng vốn từ

vựng tiếng Anh theo chủ điểm” ra mắt độc giả nhằm giúp

các bạn nâng cao vốn từ vựng Anh ngữ của mình một cách nhanh chóng và hiệu quả

Cuốn sách này bao Rồm các bài tập về từ vựng theo các chủ điểm khác nhau Đặc biệt, phần từ vựng tiếng Anh theo chủ điểm ở mồi bài là một phần rất mới mẻ và hữu dụng mà rất ít tài liệu tiếng Anh khác đề cập đến

Nghiên cứu và sử dụne cuốn sách này sẽ giúp các bạn làm quen với các từ vựng thường dùng nhất, nâng cao khả năng dùng từ và làm giầu thêm vốn từ của bạn

Chúng tôi hy vọng cuốn sách này sẽ hữu ích cho bạn trong việc học Anh ngữ và đặc biệt ngày càng tự tin hơn trong quá trình giao tiếp

Rất monc nhận đựợc nhiều đóng góp của bạn đọc sần xa

Chúc các bạn thành công!

The windv

5

W o r d s o f people CAC TU CHI NGI OI

greedy /'gri :di/

(adj): tin mu qudng (adj): co dc y

(adj): hong hack, hach dich (adj): so sudt, bat can (adj): tu p h u , tu cao tu dai (adj): sang tao

(adj): cham hieu, ngu dan

(adj): lạc quan (adj): mồ côi (adj): kiên nhẫn, bển chỉ (adj): bi quan

(adj): cầu kì, kiểu cách, kén

cá chọn canh

(adj): có tính đủng giờ (adj): đáng tin cậy (adj): chỉ biết mình, tự cho

(adj): hay buc m 'inh cdu

kinh, cdu nhdu

(adj): rut re, nhut nhdi ben

nhac)

(n): dien vien (ca sy, xu

cong) chuyen nghiep

(n): ke dm sat, ke giet nguoi (n): ke doc tdi, nguoi chuyen

quyen

(n): nguoi dan ong doc than (n): nguoi hoang da, man ro

nguoi tho 16

benefactor /'ben I fæktar/

beneficiary /'b e n i'fi Jari/

(n): người giới thiệu chương

trình, người dan chương trình

(n): người ích kỉ, ngiỉời chi

biết mình (hoặc egotist)

(n): người bị đày, kẻ sổng

lưu vong

fanatic /fs'nætik/ (n): ngircri cuông tín

fiance /Ti:a:n'sei/ (n): chong chưa cưới

fiancée /fi'a:nsei/ (n): vợ chưa cưới (hoặc

fiancee)

fugitive /’Íju:d3 1 11 v/ (n): kẻ trốn chạy luật pháp,

ngiỉời lánh nạn

hermit /'h3:mit/ (n): nhà ẩn dật, ân sỹ

humorous /'hjurmarss/ (adj): hài hước, hóm hình

hypocrite /'hipskriư (n): người đạo đức già

immigrant /' I m I grsnư (n): ngiỉời nhập cư

immortal /i'm o:t3l/ in): người bất từ

impulsive /inĩpAlsiv/ (adj): hấp táp, bốc đông

layman

r

/'le I man/ (n): người không có chuyên

môn, thường dân

linguist /'liijg w isư (n): nhà ngôn ngừ họcmartyr /'maitar/ (n): người tư vì đạo, người

xa xã hội loại người)

misogamist /mi'sDg9misư (n): ngitời ghét kết hônmisogynist /m i'stxÌ3 I n I sư (n): người đàn ông ghét phụ

monogamist /m a'nogsm ist/ (n): người chỉ có một vợ

(hoặc một chồng); người chung thùy

monotheist /'mDnou,0i:isư (n): người theo thuyêt một

thần

non- smoker /'nDn'smsuksr/ (n): người không hút thuốc lá

novice /'novis/ (n): người tập việc; người

mới học; người chưa có kinh nghiệm; người mới vào nghề

opportunist /,Dp3'tju:nist/ (n): kẻ cơ hội

optimist /'Dptimist/ (n): ngiỉời lạc quan

patriot /'paetrisư (n): người yêu nước, ái quổc

pessimist /'pesim ist/ (n): người bi quan

philanthropist /fi'lsentGrapist/ (n): người làm việc thiện,

người làm từ thiện

pilgrim /'pilgrim / (n): người hành hương

pragmatist /'praegmatist/ (n): ngitời thực dụng, người

theo chủ nghĩa thực dụng

predecessor /’pri:dises3(r)/ (n): người tiền nhiệm

progeny /'pnxỈ39ni/ (n): hậu duệ

proxy /'proksi/ (n): ngiỉời được ủy nhiệm

radical /'raed I kal/ (n): ngiỉời cấp tiến

recruit /ri'kru:ư (n): tân binh, tĩgitời mới

nhập ngũ, thành viên mới

refugee /,reiju'd3i:/ (n): ngiccri ti nan

sage /se i d y (n): nha hien triet, ngicrri

uyen bdc

smoker /'sm aoksr/ (n): ngiccri hut thuoc la

snob /snDb/ (n): ngiccri qua coi trong dia

vi xa hoi va su giau co hoac xem thucmg nhung ngiccri co dia vi xa hoi thap kem: trictmg gia hoc lam sang: ke ham hinh

somniloquist /sDm'nibkwist/ (n): ngiccri noi me khi ngu

spinster /'spinsts/ (n): ngiccri p h u me doc than,

ba co

sponsor /'sptmsa/ (n): nguai bao tra

stoic /'stso i k/ (n): nguai khac ky, ngiccri tu

kiem che cao

stowaway /'st303,w ei/ (n): nguai di tau thuy hay

may bay lau ve

successor /sak’sess/ (n): nguai ke nhiem, nguai

ke nghiep

sycophant /'sikafaent/ (n): nguai ninh hot, xu ninh

teetotaler /tii'toatsls/ (n): nguai khong uong ruau,

chong uong ruau

traitor /'tre i tsr/ (n): ke phdn boi

truant /'truiant/ (n): hoc sinh hay iron hoc

(n): kẻ hành khất, người lang

thang

(n): kè p h á hoại có chủ đích (n): người ăn chay

(n): cựu chiến binh, người

tìm g trải, người giàu kinh nghiệm

(n): người tình nguyện, xung

phong

(n): người được bào trợ (n): người góa chồng (n): người góa vợ (n): người trẻ tuổi có tham

vọng (như yuppy)

Exercise 1: Fill in the missing words in the definitions below Choose from the following:

y bitchy gregarious witty t

- bossy i impulsive.'Jr< 'reliable

tim id y g a rru lo u s1 conceited

punctual industrious r/absent-minded

bigoted stoical tetchy

1 A/ a n person is someone who is easilyfrightened and is not very brave

2 A/ an - r p e r s o n is someone who habitually talks too much- especially about things which are not very important

3 AJ an .person is someone you can trust and

depend on at all times

4 AJ an person is someone who is so concertedwith his or her thoughts that he or she doesn’t notice what

is happening or what he or she is doing and, as a result, often forgets things

5 A/ a n S person is someone is who hard-working

6 AJ an person is someone who is sensitive in abad- tempered sort o f w'ay

7 AJ an person is someone w'ho enjoys giving

other people orders

8 AJ an I j w / person is someone who never shows

dislike, worry, etc, when faced with something unpleasant, but who always remains calm

9 A/ an .^ p e r s o n is someone who has a tendency tomake nasty jokes about other people and who finds fault with everything

10 A/ an person is someone who is very sociableand enjoys the com pany o f other people

11 AJ a n p e r s o n is someone who is never late, but

who always arrives at the exact or agreed time

12 A/ an person is someone who believes stronglyand often unreasonably that he or she is right and best (especially in matters o f religion, race or politics)

13 AJ an #*- person is someone who is able to make

clever am using remarks

14 AJ an person is someone who has a tendency to

do something without thinking about the results or consequences o f his or her actions beforehand

15 AJ an w - person is someone who has a very high

opinion o f him self or herself-especially about his or her abilities, ect

Exercise 2: Com plete the following dialogues with the following expressions:

fa r too m odest fa r too sensible

much too shy much too p roud

much too loyal fa r too honest

1 A: I think Mark took some money from my bag while w e

were out

B: No, he’s „ „ ¡ v « to do a thing like that

2 A: I’m still waiting for Lisa to say sorry for sending that

fax to the wrong address

B: You’ll wait a long time! Lisa's ^«-^.- to admitanything’s her fault

3 A: Jenny left a window open when she went out this

morning Anybody could have got in

B: Are you sure it was Jenny? S he's .to doanything like that

4 A: Apparently, Daisy asked Tom if he’d like to go out

tomorrow night

B: I don’t believe you She’s 1 to ask a boy out.

5 A: July got the highest mark in the class, but she d id n 't

say a word

B: No, she w ouldn’t She’s., to say anythingabout it

6 A: I thought M artin was a good friend but he’s been

telling everybody that I’m boring

B: Are you sure? Mart i n’s r u w i t o ^ay something like that behind your back

Exercise 3: Com plete the following dialogues with the words and phrases below:

U j '

moody i selfish

arrogant stubborn

amusing silly

1 A: Lucy never thinks about anyone but herself.

B: Yes, she can be a b i t sometimes

1 A: Oh, Laura’s impossible One-minute life is wonderful

and the next minute she’s in her room crying

B: Yes, she can be a bit , can’t she?

8 A: I don’t really like Bob He seems to think that he’s

more important than anyone else

B: Certainly, he can be very ^w.-.rww

2 A: M ark’s so fun H e’s got a great sense o f humour

B: Yes, he can be v e r y r at times.

9 A: I wish Joe would stop playing practical jokes all the

times It gets very tiring

B: Yes, he can be really at times I wishhe’d grow up and behave like an adult

10 A: I told Anny that she shouldn't leave university but she

never listens to me

B: No, she really can be very zhiiphffXCk.: when she

wants, can 't she?

Exercise 4: Use a suitable word or phrase from the list below to complete each sentences Use each item once only:

spiteful upset easily

very’ p roud have the sense look his best lose m y temper speak openly

1 Jane’s always going + - because she has acomplex about not being slim enough.

2 Unfortunately, Joe gets .so be careful w ithwhat you say

3 Jim had medium-length grey hair with a * * down the middle

4 As Jim meets a lot o f people in his job he tries to .which means he spends quite a lot on clothes ev e n year

5 K ate’s very so she keeps doing things sheregrets later

6 As he’s tall, you don't notice t h e ^ ; i ^ v < ; o n top o f his head

7 Mark was s o that at parties he never spoke topeople unless he had been introduced to them

8 It takes to stand up to somebody w ho’sbullying you

9 I ca n }p,^i.v^.w/vto Lyli I d o n 't have to hide my feelings

10 She had a perm because she thought lookedfashionable

11 Jim ’s a great He loves going out and meetingpeople

12 David had which seemed to look right through you

13 She’s o f her son and never stops talkingabout him

14.1 hope they'll to lock the doors and call thepolice

15 It was very o f him to deliberately try to make

of the weekend However, she d idn't seem to have much (5) : we were only 400 metres from a farm butJim said he couldn't make tea because we had no water Bill got angry at that, for no real reason, and poor Jim almost started crying B ill's problem w'as that he never really wanted

to go camping in the first place, so he was pretty (6) most o f the time

Exercise 6: Fill the gap in each s e n t e n c e :

1 “A drop o f brandy would make your shark’s fin soup taste better,” said the host

“No, thank you,” t h e declined

2 Jim is .because he is young but earns a lot otmoney

3 Although he is over 35 years old, he does not get married

He is a

4 “You must obey all my instructions if you want to learn

up this skill.” Said the expert to t h e

5 “They don’t wash, they spit everywhere, they knock upanyone who gets in their way, they’r e !”

6 “As a .who joined in Vietnam war What doyou think about the war in Iraq leaded by the US?" asked the interviewer

7 My aunt is a she’s always complaining abouther health

8 After his defeat at the Battle o f Waterloo, NapoleonBonaparte was banished from France and spent his last years as a n in St Helena

9 “Why did you steal these books from the town library?”asked the M agistrate “ You honour I ju st couldn't help

12 “It’s waste o f time trying to change the world!” said the

13 “How are you going to do your test with an injuredhand?” “It isn’t a problem: I can use my other hand,” replied t h e

14 He is a n He thinks only o f himself

15 Poor the Both his parents died in a caraccident

16 Jim used to smoke a lot but now he is a

17 Joe is the only who is alive now since theship was wrecked

Head, face and hair

DÀU, MÂT VÀ TOC

false teeth /fols ti:9/

forehead /’for id/

long hair /log hea/

(n): râu fn): ria mép (n): ma (pi): xucm ggo mâ (n): cam

(n): da, nuâc da, Ian da (n): tai

(n): long may (n): long mi (n): m i mât (pi): rang (n): râ n g g ià (n): trân (n): toe (adj): hoi (trân) (n): tôc dài

short hair /Jo :t hea / (n): tóc ngắn

curly hair /'k3:li hes/ (n): tóc xoăn, quăn

fringe /frin d y (n): tóc mái, tóc cắt ngang

trán

wavy hair /'weivi her/ (n): tóc quăn, gợn sóng

centre parting /'sentar 'pa:tiỊj/ (n): kiêu rẽ ngôi

dreadlocks /'dredloks/ (n): kiểu tóc cuổn lọn dài

ponytail /'p su n iteil/ (n): kiểu tóc đuôi ngựa

side parting /s a id 'p a :tiq / (n): kiểu rẽ một bên

mole /moul/ (n): nốt ruồi bo & ' iro&£

wrinkle /'rir|kl/ (n): nhăn, nêp nhăn

spit /spit/ (v): khạc, nhổ (nước bọn

swallow /’swa:lou/ (v): nuôt

dandruff /'dasndrAÍy (n): gàu

greasy /’gri:si/ (adj): nhiều dầu (tóc, da đầU)

im plant /im 'p la :n ư (v): cấy mô dưới da

shaven /’J eI van/ (adj): cạo, đã được cạo

Exercise 1: Use the correct noun with the verbs in the boxes:

eyes head teeth nose hair

a Turn

Shake

Nod y o u r .- ^ Hit

Scratch

b Comb

Brush

Wash your n » u v Dye

Lose

c Clean your .Brush

d Blow y o u r

e Open

Close

Rub your C^/.> Ruin

Now use the correct form of some of the expression in the sentences below:

1 I need a new image I'm thinking o f blonde

2 I’m sure I’ll be bald by the time I'm thirty MyDad a ll in his twenties

3 My dentist keeps telling me .up and down aswell as from side to side

4 When I came o ff my motorbike, I .hard on theroad even though I w;as wearing my crash helmet

5 Y ou'll if you never take a break from thatcomputer screen!

6 In our culture means you agree while usually means “no” This isn’t the same in allcultures

7 Have you got a paper handkerchief? I need t o

I hate having a cold

8 Are y o u because you're not sure what to do orbecause it's itchy?

Exercise 2: Com plete the following sentences with the correct form of the verbs below:

wink fro w n yaw n grin smile

rt-ij' ■ yjn, (itj J: blow spit swallow bite go red

1 Come on everybody, s.* - I’m trying to take yourpicture

2 I should have gone to bed earlier last night I can 't stop

today

3 I knew Peter was only joking because he Y v J a t me but Jim believed him!

4 What are y o u for? I don’t think it’s funny at all.

5 When I asked Mark if he knew about the missing money,

he 10 i.% it bright 'fX&Uw* I’m sure he knows

something about it

6 Is something wrong? You k e e p L I

7 I don’t understand why footballers have to keep

$prk on the pitch.all the time It’s disgusting.

yl/U Al/

8 D on’t let the baby play with the coin She’ll only put it in

her mouth and_.SwPJAQJ-iAt.

9 Stop artrioying the dog One o f these days he’s going to Uift— you

10.1 wish you w ouldn’t keep cigarette smokeacross the table while I’m eating

Exercise 3: Parts of the head and face are often used metaphorically or in idiomatic expressions Com plete the following sentences with the words bellow:

1 I hear you’re going to leave China I couldn't believe my IflA when Tom told me

2 I saw Jim kissing Lyli outside the cinema last night Icouldn't believe my

3 Why did you have to tell Sara about me dancing with Jim

at the party last night? You’ve got a big

4 Excuse me CouM you keep an .- on m> bagwhile I go for a swim?

5 I’m not going to work today I just can 't .another day o f sitting in front of that computer

6 Don’t tell me the answer It’s on the tip ot m y

7 He never listens to anything anybody says It ju st goes in

one and out the other

C

8 I’ve told you before Keep your out oi mybusiness

Exercise 4: Use these w ords to com plete the text below:

anti-dandruff implants d andruff wig

conditioner greasy shampoo

I wash my hair three times a week using a regular (1) and once a week I also use about getting hair (2) My boyfriend needs help with his hair It’s abit .(3 ) and he gets .(4) so I bought himsome (5) shampoo H e’s also going a bit thin ontop In fact, h e’s going bald H e’s thinking about having hair (6) I don’t mind as long as he doesn’t startwearing a (7) !

Exercise 5: Use these words to complete the sentences below:

complexion teeth pierced beards

make-up mole false teeth unshaven wrinkle cheekbones spots scar

1 Joe wears a lot o f she looks better without it, ifshe asks me.

2 I’m getting old I’m starting to g e t round my eyes

3 My sister’s had her nose and eyebrow She, actually,looks quite good

4 I had terrible when I was a teenager No wonder Iwas so shy with girls

5 Linda’s got lovely high I find her very attractive

6 D aisy’s got lo v e ly I find her very a baby’s

7 I don’t like men w ith but I quite like the look - you know- one or two days without shaving

8 My m um ’s got a small, brow n on one o f her cheeks

9 I cut m yself climbing a tree when I was ten and I’ve gotthis just below my ear

10 My grandfather looks really funny when he smilesbecause he’s got tw o missing and he refuses to

w ear

E xercise 6: P u t th e w ords in the following sentences into the c o rre c t o rd e r:

1 such/ skin/ sh e's/ clear/ lovely/ got

2 she’s/ cheekbones/ beautiful/ such/ got/ high

3 got/ white/ teeth/ beautiful/ such/ he's

4 light/ she’s/ curly/ hair/ brown/ got

5 blue/ got/ she's/ piercing/ eyes/ beautiful

6 got/ h e’s/ greasy/ long/ hair/ horrible

Parts o f body and

climb /klaim / (v): leo trèo

collapse /kalaeps/ (v): ngã gục xuống, quỵ xuống

(vì suy nhược)

crawl /kro:l/ (v): bò, trườn

dance /da:ns/ (v): nhà}’ múa, khiêu vũ, múa

drag /dræg/ (v): lôi kéo, kẻo lẽ

thang, xe đạp)

grab /græb/ (v): tủm lẩy, vồ lầy, giật lẩyhold /hould/ (v): cám, năm, giữ

kick /kik/ (v): ¿fa, sut

pull /pul/ (v): loi, keo, giat

punch /pAntJV (v): dam, thui

reach /ri:tj/ (v): v&i tay, dua toy ra v&i lay,

lien lac v&i ai qua dien thoai

shake /Jeik/ (v): rung, lac, lay dong, ru

slap /slaep/ (v): danh bang bc:n tay hoac

bang cai gi bet; ta!; vo; phdt

slip /si i p / (v): I dm gi voi vdng, di ddu

voi vdng

throw /0roo/ (v): nem, qudng, lieng

ankle /'aer|kl/ (n): mat ca chan

big toe /'big too/ (n): ngon chan cai

heel /hi :1/ (n): gof c/uifl

finger /'firiga/ (n): ngon tay

armpit /'a:m pit/ (n): ndch

waist /weist/ (n): eo, phan eo, cho that lung

bottom /'botam/ (n): mong dit

shoulder "Jauldar/ (n): vai

(n): tinh mach, huyet mach (n): dong mach

(n): te bao (n): tim (n): qua than (n): day chang (n): gan

(n): phoi (n): co, bap thit, co bap (n): khung x m m g chau (n): xu o n g suorn (n): bo xuong (n): hop so, bo oc (n): xu o n g song (n): da

(n): bung, da day (n): gan

(n): khop noi (n): khi qudn (n): da con, tu cung

Exercise 1: Name the parts of the body in the picture:

armpit stomach fo o t ankle

Exercise 2: Match the words with the parts of the body in the picture:

fin g e r

palm

c a lf big toe

thumb high (

heel toes

nail knee

Exercise 3: Match the beginning of the sentences on the left with the ending on the right:

1 The average heart

3 The air we breathe in c pumps blood around the body

through the arteries

k carry blood from the heart to all parts o f the body

1 carry blood from all parts of the body to the heart

m is the part o f w om an’s body where a baby grows and develops

n are where two bones are connected together by- ligaments

o helps to clean the blood and produces bile

Exercise 4: Match the words with the movements in the picture:

bow dance ■ stand up L dive o kneel walk * sit down hop 'f

lean i ju m p I run L crawl ' lie down climb

a

Exercise 5: Use the correct form of these verbs in the sentences below:

lift p u ll slip fa ll down

push drag collapse trip over

1 Excuse me, could you help me my car to theside o f the road?

2 The best part o f the film was when he hertowards him and kissed her passionately

3 My suitcase is so heavy I can h a r d ly it o ff theground

4 Two policemen .one o f the protesters from thecrowd and threw him into the back o f the police van

5 I .the dog last night and hit my head on the

coffee table

6 I the stairs and almost broke my neck!

7 It’s quite icy outside Be careful not to andbreak something

8 The old man .in the street and was rushed tohospital

Exercise 6: Complete the following sentences with the correct form of these verbs:

1 My feet are soaking wet! I’ve ju s t in a huge puddle!

2 That guy must have said something very rude The womanwith him has j u s t his face

3 There was nothing I could do The man just

my handbag and ran o ff up the street

4 Y ou’re taller than me Could you .up and getthat book for me?

5 There was a huge spider on the bathroom floor My Dad

j u s t on it and that was the end o f the spider!

6 Everyone in the crowd w a s a flag as the Queenpassed by S h e back!

7 Y ou’re supposed to the bottle before you takethe medicine

8 It was so windy last night I really had t o to myumbrella to stop it blowing away

The sense GIÁC QƯAN

ÌSi Vocaßiilary

,2!Sk (Practice

Exercise 1: Fill the gaps from the box with the correct word:

look sound taste fe e l smell

1 I thought she was English at first, but when she spoke, she American

2 This material is very soft, it a lm o s t like silk

3 Did you see those guard dogs? I didn’t like t h e

8 I’ve just had a foot massage I t wonderful

9 That b o y just like my brother: the same hair and

a similar-shaped face

10.1 d o n 't like t h e o f this soup; I think it’s got toomuch salt in it