tài liệu ôn thi tốt nghiệp tiếng Anh

tài liệu word ôn thi tốt nghiệp tiếng Anh tham khảo

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TÀI LIỆU ÔN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12 -

Phụ lục

Page 1 Pronunciation 1

2 Tenses 4

3 Verb form ( Gerund and infinitive) 8

4 Subject – Verb agreement 12

5 Reportsd speech 16

6 Passive voice 20

7 Relative clause 24

8 condition sentences 27

9 Prepositions and Articles 32

10 Word forms 40

11 Clause and phrases of causes and effects 43

12 Clause of purpose 47

13 Clause of concession 50

14 Com parisons 53

15 Phrasal verbs ……… 56

16 PRONOUNS (ĐẠI TỪ TRONG TIẾNG ANH) 59

17. (irregular verbs) ……… 62

1

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I Lý thuyết

A Các âm hữu thanh và vô thanh trong tiếng Anh:

* Hữu thanh /b, d, g, v, ð, z,ʒ, ʤ, m,n, η,l,r,,j,w/ + toàn bộ nguyên âm a,e,o,u,i.

* Vô thanh /p,t,k,f, θ,s,∫,t∫,h/

1 Quy tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘s’:

- ‘s’ được phát âm là /z/ khi theo sau các âm hữu thanh( trừ 3 âm /z, ʒ,ʤ/)

- ‘s’ được phát âm là /s/ khi theo sau các âm vô thanh trừ 3 âm/ s,∫,t∫ /

- ‘s’ được phát âm là / iz/ khi đi sau các âm / z, ʒ, ʤ, s,∫,t∫ /

2 Quy tắc cơ bản của việc phát âm các từ tận cùng với ‘ed’:

- Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /d/ khi theo sau các âm hữu thanh ( trừ âm /d/ )

- Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /t/ khi theo sau các âm vô thanh ( trừ âm /t/ )

- Động từ tận cùng bằng ‘ed’ được phát âm là /id/ khi theo sau các âm /t, d/

3 PHÁT ÂM (PRONUNCIATION) : CÁCH PHÁT ÂM –S / ES VÀ -ED

Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –S/ES đọc là Ví dụ

Từ tận cùng là Thường phát âm là Thêm –ED đọc là Ví dụ

Trường hợp còn lại và các nguyên

B Stress

1 Từ có hai âm tiết( Two-syllable words)

- Đối với từ có hai âm tiết, trọng âm có thể rơi vào âm tiết đầu hoặc âm tiết thứ hai

 Đối với động từ, tính từ, trạng từ, và giới từ có quy luật cơ bản sau: nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên

âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép ( trừ ) thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai

Vd: arrive(v), attract(v), correct(a), perfect(a), alone(adv), inside(pre)

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 Nguợc lại nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm ngắn hoặc nguyên âm kép , hoặc được kết thúc bằng một phụ âm thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu

Vd: open(v), borrow(v), lovely( a), sorry(a), rather(adv)

 Đối với danh từ, nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm ngắn thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết đầu

Vd: money, product

Ngược lại, nếu âm tiết thứ hai có chứa nguyên âm dài hoặc nguyên âm kép thì trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ

hai Vd: balloon, design, estate

2 Từ có ba âm tiết( three -syllable words)

 Đối với động từ , nếu âm tiết cuối là âm tiết mạnh, nó sẽ có trọng âm

 Đối với danh từ, nếu âm tiết cuối cùng yếu hoặc tận cùng bằng /əu/, và âm tiết thứ hai mạnh, trọng

âm sẽ rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai đó

Vd: statistics, potato, diaster ;

Nếu âm tiết thứ hai và thứ ba cùng là âm tiết yếu,thì âm tiết đàu tiên sẽ mang trọng âm

Vd: quantity, cinema, emperor

II Bài Tập

I Different sound

2 A prepared B particular C pagoda D attract

15 A charge B child C teacher D champagne

19 A change B children C machine D church

29 A average B indicate C application D grade

35 A explained B disappointed C prepared D interviewed

38 A measure B subsidies C domestic D hospital

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46 A grasses B stretches C comprises D potatoes

II Stress

2 A Aborigines B expedition C kilometer D scientific

5 A territory B Australia C geography D society

8 A participant B publicity C competitive D individual

16 A conical B determine C contractual D supportive

18 A ancestor B measurement C counterpart D appearance

19 A commitment B inflation C collection D enterprise

21 A technology B psychology C reconstruction D apology

25 A traditional B professional C impossible D decoration

26 A economics B interfere C philosophy D punctuality

28 A education B curriculum C technology D integrity

35 A attitude B partnership C actually D Vietnamese

37 A diversity B marriage C engagement D importance

42 A appropriate B interesting C different D cultural

44 A romantic B counterpart C discussion D appearance

46 A supernatural B explanation C redundancy D electronic

47 A gymnastics B criminal C investment D excitement

50 A possibility B manufacture C instrument D disappointed

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TENSES ( Các thì )

1 SIMPLE PRESENT: (HTĐ)

Affir : S+V1 /Vs, es Ex : Water boils at 100o c

Neg: S+ do/ does + not+ V1 Ex : Tom doesn’t feel hungry

Inter: Do/ does+ S + V1 …? Ex : How often do you go to school?

*(Be):am, is, are not ; (have):has/ have not +got = do / does + not + have

Diễn tả :  Tình cảm, cảm giác, nhận thức ở hđộng

 Thói quen, phong tục, tập quán

 Chân lí, sự thật hiển nhiên

Với : EVERY (day, year…), ALWAYS , OFTEN, USUALLY, SOMETIME, SELDOM, RARELY, NEVER, EVER, ONCE / TWICE / THREE TIMES + ( a day/ week/ month…), all the time, now and then

Notes : Qui tắc thêm es đối với động từ có S số ít :

- Các động từ tận cùng là : o, sh, ch, x, s, và z

- Các động từ tận cùng là y mà đứng trước y là một phụ âm ta đổi y  i + es ( She studies, Tom tries, He plays )

2 PRESENT CONTINUOUS ( HTTD)

S + am/ is/ are + Ving Ex: We are studying English now

S + am/ is/ are + not + Ving Ex: She isn’t writing when he comes

Am/ Is/ Are + S + Ving ? Ex: What are you doing while I am doing?

Diễn tả :  Hđộng đang xảy ra ở Htại vào lúc nói viết

 2 hđộng đang kéo dài // ở Htại (while: trong khi)

 1 hđộng đang kéo dài ở Htại thì có 1 hđộng ngắn đột ngột xảy ra(S+ V1/ Vs, es)

Với : AT PRESENT , AT THE MOMENT , NOW , RIGHT NOW, JUST NOW, !,…

3 PRESENT PERFECT: (HTHT)

Diễn tả:  Hđộng Qk ko rõ tg

 Hđộng vừa mới xảy ra

 Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qk, vẫn còn tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể tiếp tục ở Tlai

Với: BEFORE, ALREADY, RECENTLY= LATELY, EVER, NEVER, YET , JUST, TWICE, SEVERAL TIMES, SINCE + mốc TG, FOR + khoảng TG, UP TO NOW=UP TILL NOW=SO FAR…

4 PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS: (HTHTTD)

S + has/ have + been + Ving Ex: We have been studying English for many years

S + has/ have + not + been + Ving

Has/ Have + S + been + Ving?

Diễn tả: - Hđộng bắt đầu trong Qkhứ, tiếp tục ở Htại & có thể đến Tlai

( nhấn mạnh tính liên tục) - since + mốc TG ; for + khoảng TG.

5 SIMPLE PAST (QKĐ)

S + has/ have + V3ed Ex: I’ve just opened the door

Ex: We have studied English for many years

S + has/ have + not + V3ed Ex: Jack hasn’t come recently

Has/ Have + S + V3ed? Ex: How long have you studied English?

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S + did + not + V1 Ex: She didn’t come last week

Did + S + V1 ? Ex: Did Mr Lee phone an hour ago?

*(Be) : was / were → wasn’t, weren’tDiễn tả: - Hđộng đã xảy ra & chấm dứt hoàn toàn trong Qk ( xác định rõ TG)

Với: - YESTERDAY, AGO ,LAST (night, week, year…)

6 PAST CONTINUOUS (QKTD)

S + was/ were + Ving Ex: We were watching TV at 7 pm yesterday

S + was/ were + not + Ving Ex:I was writing while my father was reading

Was / were + S + Ving ? Ex: She was sleeping as the telephone rang

Diễn tả:  Hđộng xảy ra ở 1 giờ / khoảng giờ Qk xác định ( at 7pm, from 6 to 7, …)

 2 hđộng diễn ra // ở Qk (while: trong khi)

 1 hđộng Qk đang kéo dài thì 1 hđ ngắn đngột xảy ra (S + V2ed)

Với: AT THAT TIME, AT THAT MOMENT…

7 PAST PERFECT (QKTD)

S + had + V3ed Ex: Last night I went to bed after I dad done my homework

S + had + not + V3ed

Had + S + V3ed ?

Diễn tả: - Hđộng xảy ra trước 1 mốc TG ở Qk hoặc trước 1 hđ Qk

Với : ( trước: S+ had +V 3 ed ; sau: S + V 2 )

8 SIMPLE FUTURE (TLĐ)

S + will / shall + V1 Ex: I’ll buy it tomorrow

S + will / shall + not + V1

Will / Shall + S + V1?

*Note: will not =won’t ; shall not =shan’t

Diễn tả:  Hđ sẽ xảy ra trong tlai

 Lời yêu cầu (Will you + V1…? ); Đề nghị ( Shall I / we + V1 …?)

Với: TOMORROW, SOON, NEXT (week, month,…)

1) Near future: (Tlai gần) S + am/ is / are + going to + V 1 : sẽ, sắp sửa, dự định…

Ex: I’m going to buy it tomorrow

2)Một số động từ sau đây thường không dùng với thì tiếp diễn

- Be : Ex: I am a student now

- Những động từ chỉ về giác quan: see, hear, feel, look (trông có vẻ), smell, taste, recognize.

- Những động từ chỉ về cảm xúc: like, dislike love, hate, want wish, desire, refuse, forgive.

- Những động từ chỉ về lí trí: understand, know, think, realize, suppose, believe, remember, forget,

mind, expect, recollect

- Những động từ chỉ sự bắt đầu, tiếp tục, kết thúc: begin, continue, finish…

Exercise:

1 When I got home I found that water down the kitchen walls

2 After he his English course, he went to England to continue his study

3 How since we college?

A are you- left B were you- left C have you been- have left D have you been- left

4 I much of you lately We three months ago

A haven’t seen- last meet B didn’t see- met C haven’t seen- have meet D didn’t see- have met

5 The Chinese spaghetti dishes for a long time before Marco Polo back to Italy

A made- brought B have made- brought C made- had brought D had been making- brought

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6 When I arrived at the meeting the first speaker speaking and the audience

7 He his job last month and then he out of work

8 In the last hundred years, travelling much easier and more comfortable

9 In the 19th century, it two or three months to across North America by covered wagon

10 In the past, the trip very rough and often dangerous, but things a great deal in the last hundred and fifty years

changed

11 She Hanoi last year

12 Now you from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours

13 When Carol last night, I my favorite show on television

A was calling- watched B called- have watched C called- was watching D had called- watched

14 By the time next summer, you your studies

completed

15 Right now, Jim the newspaper and Kathy dinner

16 Last night at this time, they the same thing She and he the newspaper

17 Sam to change a light bulb when he and

C had been trying- slipped- was falling D has tried- slips- falls

18 Every day I up at 6 o’clock, breakfast at seven o’clock and _for work at 8 o’clock

A get- eat- leave B have got- eating- leaving C got- ate- left D will get- have eaten- left

19 I _ for this company for more then thirty years, and I intend to stay here until I _next year

20 My mother is the first up and the last to bed

21 I must have a bath I all the afternoon

A was gardening B have gardened C have been gardening D had been gardening

22 The team a single match so far this season

23 By the time you receive this letter, I for the USA

24 Up to now, the manager ……… a lot of information about his secretary

25 Where is Mary? _ She ………her homework in her room

26 While I ……….along the road, I saw a friend of mine

27 By the time I this report, I will give you a ring

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28 While my mother a film on TV, my father was cooking dinner It was March 8th yesterday

29 The plane from Dallas two hours late, so I missed my connecting flight from Frankfurt to London

A took on B took in C took over D took off

30 When we came, a party _ in the hall

31 He ………… in the same house since 1975

32 When I came to visit her last night, she a bath

33.When we arrived at the restaurant, the others

34 By the end of 2010 we _ in Ho Chi Minh City for 30 years

A work B will work C have worked D will have worked

35 I learned that the college in 1900

A found B was founded C founded D had been founded

36 If I 10 years younger, I _ the job

A am/ will take B were/ would take C would be/ took D had been / would take

37 By the time he _ to the meeting, it had begun for 15 minutes

38 He began to feel ill while _

A he is doing the exam B he did the exam C he would do the exam D he was doing the exam

39 Since 1980, scientists the world over _ a lot of things to fight against AIDS

40 Now my sister _ a bicycle of her own

41 Last week, my professor promised that he _ today

42 My girl friend arrived after I _ for her about half an hour

43 I _ in Quang Ngai before I moved to Binh Thuan

44 There are many ways _ to Rome

45 While I T.V last night, a mouse ran across the floor

46 I still can’t believe it! My bicycle _ last night

47 While they were tables, he was _ the radio

A arranging - listening to B arranging – hearing C laying -listening to D making- hearing

48 I suddenly remembered that I to bring my keys

A having forgotten B have forgotten C had forgotten D forgot

49 By the year 2010 many people currently employed their jobs

A will be working B work C will have been working D have been working

(VERB FORM) - GERUNGS AND INFINITIVES (lý thuyết)

I) VERB + GERUNDS

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anticipate đgiá cao, trân trg postpone hoãn lại

imagine/fancy tưởng tượng have (difficult/trouble/fun) gặp khó khăn

* Các đt theo sau giới từ đều chia ở V_ING

II) VERB + TO INFINITIVES

III) VERB + INFINITIVES

get: thuyết phục would rather: thích hơn had better: tốt hơn nên modal verbs

IV) VERB(GIÁC QUAN) + OBJECT + V_TO/V_ING

* V_INF : nếu nghe/thấy toàn bộ hành động từ đầu đến cuối.

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-> I saw my friend run down the street.

* V_ING: nếu nghe/thấy 1 phần hành động đang xảy ra.

-> I saw my friend running down the street.

V) VERB + V_TO/V_ING (KO KHÁC NHAU VỀ NGHĨA)

* Nếu sau những từ trên ko có tân ngữ thì có thể dùng V_ing/ V_to

* Nếu sau những từ trên có tân ngữ thì buộc phải dùng V_to

* Phải dùng START/BEGIN với V_TO trong 2 trường hợp sau:

• Khi đt START/BEGIN được dùng ở hình thức tiếp diễn.

When I got off the train, it was beginning/starting to rain.

She began to understand/ to realize what he wanted.

VI) VERB + V_TO/V_ING (KHÁC NHAU VỀ NGHĨA)

Prefer V_to : thích làm 1 việc gì đó. Like V_to : muốn, quen làm điều gì

Need V_to : cần fải làm j(chủ động) Agree V_to : đồng ý làm j đó

V_ing : cần fải được làm j(bị đg) V_ing : đồng ý chuyện j đó

Mean V_to : có ý định/kế hoạch Propose V_to : có ý định/kế hoạch

Remember/regret/forget V_to : nhớ, tiếc, quên làm 1 nhiệm vụ,trách nhiệm gì

V_ing : nhớ, tiếc, quên đã làm gì trong quá khứ

VII) VERB + OBJECT + V_TO

VIII) CÁC DẠNG CỦA V_TO VÀ V_ING

* V_TO: V + NOT + TO INF -> We decided not to buy a car

V + TO BE + V_ING -> We prertended to be sleeping

V + TO HAVE + PP -> You seem to have lost weight

V + TO BE + PP -> We expect to be invited to the party

V + TO HAVE BEEN + PP -> Jane is lucky now to have been given a scholarship last

month by her govern

* V_ING: V + NOT + V_ING -> I enjoy not being at home

V + HAVING + PP -> I appreciate now having had opportunity to meet the king

yesterday

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V + BEING + PP -> I appreciated being invited to your home

V + HAVING BEEN + PP -> I appreciate having told the news

Ecxercise

1 I am looking forward to _ you

2 I arranged them here

3 He urged us faster

4 I wish _ the manager

5 It’s no use

6 He warned her the wire

7 Don’t forget _ the door before to bed

8 My mother told me _ to anyone about it

9 He tried _ but she refused

listening

10 Would you mind me how the lift?

working

11 I couldn’t help what you said

12 Please go on _.I can wait

13 His doctor advised him jogging

14 Do stop _ I am doing my homework

15 Mrs Jones: I don’t allow my family at all

16 I am beginning what you mean

17 After walking for three hours, we stopped to let the others with us

18 Your windows need Would you like me to do them for you?

19 It is interesting _ a good film

20 My mother made me _ at home at night

21 The librarian asked us so much noise

22 I told you _ the computer, didn’t it?

A to switch off B don’t switch off C not switch off D switch off

23 He advised them _ in the class

24 Judy suggested _ for a walk but no one else wanted to

25 Tom refused _ me any money

26 Jill has decided not a car

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27 There was a lot of traffic but we managed _to the airport in time

28 Ann offered _after our children while we were out

29 Would you like _ to the D&J coffee

30.Why hasn’t Sue arrived yet? She promised not late

31 She promised back again

32 The teacher encouraged _ the football team

33 He reminded me _ to give the book back to John

34 My father has given up

35.”All right, I’ll wait for you” She agreed _ for me

36 I don’t enjoy _ letters

37 I consider the job but in the end I decided against doing it

38 The boy insisted on a break after lunch

39 The woman looked forward to his mother again

40 The boy accused his friend of _ stolen his bicycle

41 Her mother prevented her from _ mobile phone

42 He thanked her for him some money

43 She refused back again

44 Her mother prevented her from out alone at night

45 His brother agreed a car

46 Most of my friends enjoy football on television

47 Anne would rather _ than anything else

48 Tracey is out of work She hasn’t been able _ a job yet

49 Tracey doesn’t want _ her friends and family

50 I am very tired of to her complaints day after day

A listen B listening C to listen D listened

SỰ HOÀ HỢP GIỮA CHỦ NGỮ VÀ ĐỘNG TỪ

(SUBJECT- VERB AGREEMENT )

Theo luật chung một động từ bao giờ cũng hòa hợp với chủ ngữ ø của no ù- tức là – nếu chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít và ngược lại nếu chủ ngữ øøsố nhiều thì theo sau là động số nhiều Tuy nhiên, ta hãy

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chú ý 10 luật đặc biệt sau:

[1] : Hai hay nhiều chủ ngữ số ít đựơc nối bởi liên từ AND thì đòi hỏi một động từ số nhiều

- The boy and the girl love their parents dearly.

- Tom and Mary were late yesterday.

Tuy nhiên, nếu hai chử từ này diễn tả một người, một vật hay một ý tưởng chung thì động từ vẫn ở số ít.

- Bread and butter is my daily breakfast.

- To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in life.

thì động từ phải ở số ít.

- Each boy and girl has a textbook.

- No teacher and student is present.

- He or you are the best student in this class.

- Neither Jack nor I am willing to do that.

[4] : Khi hai chủ ngữ ø đươcï nối bởi AS WELL AS, NO LESS THAN, WITH thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ ngữ ø thứ nhất.

- John, as well as you, is responsible for this act.

- Tom, with his friends, is in the car.

cá nhân tạo nên tập hợp ấy,nhưng động từ vẫn là số ít nếu ta ngụ ý nói chung chung coi cả tập hợp như một đơn vị

- The family of this dead soldier is noble.

- The family go to the movies every Sunday morning.

Các từ thường gặp như: jury, commitee, crowd, team, group, majoriry

Lưu ý trường hợp: The number of + Danh từ số ít

A number of + Danh từ số nhiều

[6] : Khi chủ ngữ ø là danh từ có hình thức là số nhiều nhưng nghĩa lại là số ít thì động từ chia ở số ít.

- No news is good news.

- Physics is more difficult than chemistry.

các danh từ th ường gặp như : news, physics, mathematics, politics, gymnastics, phonetics, measles, mumps, rickets, the United States, the Philippines, billards, dominoes…

[7] : Khi chủ ngữ ø ø là danh từ chỉ trọng lượng, đo lường, giá cả hay giá tiền thì được coi là số ít, động từ theo sau cũng ở số ít.

- Ten thousand dollars is a big sum of money.

- Five hundred miles is a long distance.

[8] : Khi chủ ngữ là đại từ bất định như : everyone, something, nobody,anything, any body, every thing,

no one…thì động từ theo sau phải ở số ít

- Nobody has opened the door.

- Is everyone present ?

Lưu Ý : 1) Khi “ each” theo sau chủ ngữ thì each không còn ảnh hưởng tới động từ nữa Nếu chủ ngữ là danh từ số

nhiều thì động từ chia ở số nhiều , chủ ngữ số ít thì động từ số ít

- Big cities each have their own special problem

2) Các đại từ both, several, few,many, others đòi hỏi động từ đi theo phải ở hình thức số nhiều

- Both were small

- Many of her books are in English

3) Một số đại từ bất định như: all, any, some, none, có thể đi với số nhiều hay số ít tùy thuộc vào ngữ nghĩa mà danh từ nó thay thế.

- All of the money is reserved for emergencies

-All of the candidates promise to improve the educational system

[9] : Trong câu bắt đầu bằng THERE thì động từ hòa hợp với chủ từ theo sau nó.

- There stands a pagoda facing the little lake.

- There were a lot of people at the meeting.

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- He works for the factory which makes cars.

- The man who is living near my house teaches us English.

[11]: Một số từ nhue paints, trousers, pliers, scissors, shears (kéo lớn), tóng (caí kẹp), shoes, glasses, gloves là danh từ số nhiều và cần động từ số nhiều đi cùng Tuy nhiên, khi có từ pair (of) đi trước các danh từ này đứng làm chủ ngữ thì động từ theo sau là số ít.

- The scissors are very sharp

- A pair of scissors was left on the table.

[12] : Khi chủ ngữ là một phân số , phần trăm, hay các từ như: half, part, plenty và rest thì động từ phụ thuộc và danh từ bổ ngữ cho giới từ đi theo sau phân số hay phần trăm đó

- Sixty percent of his house is painted blue

-Half of thier relatives live abroad

[13]: Khi diẽn giải các bài toán đơn giản như cộng trừ nhân chia ta cần lưu ý Khi cộng hay nhân, ta có thể dùng động từ số ít hay số nhiều đều được

-Two and two is/ are four

-Three times three is/ are nine

Nhưng với trừ và chia thì luôn luôn dùng động từ số ít.

- Nine minus four is five hoặc nine minus four leaves five

-Fifteen divided by five is three

[14] Khi chủ ngữ là tựa sách tên các tác phẩm nghệ thuật thì động từ luôn chia ở số ít.

- The Moon and Six Pence is for the Art for Art sake

Exercise:

Multiple choice: choose the best answer.

1 Each student …… to answer three questions

A have B has C having D to have

2 Plenty of milk …… consumed everyday

A are B were C is D was

3 SARS …… an epidemic that kills many people in china

A are B were C have been D is

4 The little girl with her friends …… coming here

A be B is C are D to be

5 The United States …… between Canada and Mexico

A lying B lies C lain D lie

6 The book for my English courses …… 25 dollars

A costed B costing C cost D costs

7 Jane as well as both of you …… finished it

A doesn’t B don’t C haven’t D hasn’t

8 Everyone in both cars …… injured in the accident last night

A was B is C are D were

9 Ten years of waiting …… nothing to those who are in love

A means B mean C to mean D meaning

10.The students in the next classroom …… very loudly everyday

A talk B talked C are talking D talks

11 Several of students …… absent yesterday

A has been B had been C were D was

12 A book or a newspaper …… precious for me when I am free

13 None of the students …… the test yet

A have finished B has finished C finished D is finishing

14 The cattle …… in the field now

A grazing B grazes C has grazed D are grazing

15 Not only his friends but also Tom …… soccer

A likes B like C is liking D does like

16 The news …… so bad that she collapsed

A are B was C were D have been

17 The police …… for the thieves at the moment

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A is looking B are looking C have been looking D will be looking

18 …… John nor his friends are going with us

A Either B Together with C Neither D Along with

19 The classroom with 10 tables …… 20 chairs in it

A has B have C is D are

20 Two tons of coal …… required

A are B is C have been D were

21 Economics …… me as much as literature does

A interest B do not interest C does not interest D have interested

22 Not only his friends but also Tom …… soccer

A likes B like C is liking D does like

23 A number of students in my class …… good at English

A is not B are not C was not D has not been

24 Both of the computers …… not working

A were B is C was D has been

25 Learning foreign languages …… necessary at all time

A are B will be C were D is

26 Money, nor fame, nor wealth …… brought happiness to everybody

A has B have C are D were

27 Most of the rooms in the hotel where we are staying …… air conditioning

A have B had C has had D has

28 The bottles of wine …… on the shelf

A is B are C was D has put

29 I think the teacher as well as his students …… good

A is B are C be D to be

30 None of the students …… the vice principal

A has seen B have seen C is seen D was seen

31 There …… a lot of expensive furniture in our uncle’s house

A have been B are C is D were

32 Each of you …… responsible for this

A are B being C is D be

33 Bill together with his brothers …… to the beach every morning

A going B goes C are D gone

34 Either the monitor or the athletes …… to blame for the bad result

A be B are C is D to be

35 Everyone …… with me about my plans

A agree B agreeing C disagree D agrees

36 Tim as well as his relatives …… safe from the hurricane

A be B is C are D being

37 The little boy with his friends …… coming here

38 Neither Jane nor her classmates nor her boy friend …… the problem

A understands B understand C not understand D understand not

39 The results of Dr Frank’s experiment …… announced on TV last night

A is B are C was D were

40 Fifty minutes …… the maximum length of time allowed for the exam

A is B be C are D were

41 Each of the teachers …… a timetable

A to have B have C having D has

42 The cost of living …… over 10% in the last few years

A rises B has risen C rose D is rising

43 Neither the teacher nor the students …… happy about the test results

A are B is C has D have

44 A number of sheep …… eating grass now

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A is B are C was D were 45 Measles …… sometimes a serious disease A is B are C being D be 46 The effects of cigarette smoking …… been proven to be extremely harmful A has B have C is D are 47 The number of students who …… withdrawn from class this semester …… appalling

A has/is B have/are C have/is D has/are 48 The exercise on agreement of subjects and verbs …… easy A are B have C has D is 49 Making cakes and pies …… Mrs Reed’s specialty A are B were C is D be 50 The United Nations …… about 160 nations A consist of B consisting C consist D consists of THE END

-REPORTED SPEECH A PHẦN LÝ THUYẾT Khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp cần chú ý những thay đổi sau đây: - Về đại từ ( chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, sở hữu) và tính từ sở hữu - Thay đổi về thì của động từ - Thay đổi về trạng từ (thời gian và nơi chốn) Quy tắc thay đổi như sau: 1 Thì động từ: ONE TENSE BACK DIRECT INDIRECT a Simple present : S + V (s / es) b Present continuous: S + am / is /are + V-ing c Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed d Past continuous: S + was / were + V-ing e Present perfect: S + have / has + V3/V-ed f P Perfect continuous: S + have / has been + V-ing g Must / have to h Can / May / Will / Shall a Past simple : S + V2 / V-ed b Past continuous: S + was/were + V-ing c Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed d Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing e Past perfect : S + had + V3 / V-ed f Past perfect continuous : S + had been + V-ing g Had to h Could / Might / Would / Should 2 Trạng từ: DIRECT INDIRECT - yesterday

- last night

- two years ago

- today

- tonight

- tomorrow

- next year

- this

- these

- here

- the previous day/ the day before

- the previous night/the night before

- two years before

- that day

- that night

- the / next/ following day/

- the following year/ the next year

- that

- those

- there

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3 Đại từ và tính từ sở hữu:

Phụ thuộc vào người tường thuật

Eg: “I will give you a lift to your home, Ba ” Nga said.

→ Nga said to me that she would give me a lift to my home

→ Nga said to Ba that she would give him a lift to his home

CÁC LOẠI CÂU GIÁN TIẾP:

A STATEMENTS

Ex 1 : “ She is going to America for six months”

 They say ( that) she is going to America for six months

“ I went home early”

 She told me she had gone home early

Note: Nếu động từ tường thuật ở thì hiện tại (say) động từ trong mệnh đề tường thuật không có sự

Ex: She said , “ Are you thirsty , Peter ? “  She asked Peter if (whether) he was thirsty.

He asked me, “Did you go to school yesterday ?“ He asked me if (whether) I had gone to school the day before

2 WH – QUESTIONS

Ex: He asked , “ What have you got in your bag ?”  He asked (me) what I had got in my bag

He said , “ Mary , when is the next train ? “  He asked Mary when the next train was

Ex : “ Don’t wait,” he said to me  He asked me not to wait

“ Never do that again ,” she said to her son  She told her son never to do that

CÁCH DÙNG KHÁC:

1 Let’s + V0 … // Why don’t we + V1 … // What about + Ving …

→ S + suggested + Ving ……

Ex: He said, “Let’s have a drink.” → He suggested having a drink

Timmy said, “ Why don’t we go on a picnic” → Timmy suggested going on a picnic

2 Why don’t you + V1 ……… ? // S + should + V0 …………

→ S + advised + O + to + V0

Ex: She said to him, “ Why don’t you go to the doctor?”

→ She advised him to go to the doctor

3 Yes, let’s do → agree

No, let’s not do → be against the idea

Eg: “Let’s eat out tonight” said the mother

“Yes, let’s” said the son

“No, let’s not” said the father

→ The mother suggested eating out that night and the son agreed but the father was against the idea

CÁC TRƯỜNG HỢP KHÔNG ĐỔI THÌ

a) khi động từ tường thuật và động từ chính cùng thì.

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Ex: My mother says to me, “you are my little pet.”

→ My mother tells me that I am her little pet

b) Sự thật hiển nhiên

Ex: Galileo said, “ The earth goes around the sun.”

→ Galileo said (that) the earth goes around the sun

c) Thì quá khứ đơn nêu rõ thời gian cụ thể.

Ex: Tom said to me, “ My grandfather died in 1990.”

→ Tom told me that his grandfather died in 1990

d) Câu điều kiện loại 2,3 và cấu trúc “used to”:

Ex: “ If I had much money, I would have travel around the world.” Said the boy

→ The boy said if he had much money he would travel around the world

EXCERCISE

1 Julia said that she _ there at noon

2 He _ that he was leaving way that afternoon

3 She said to me that she to me the Sunday before

4 I _ him to sell that old motorbike

5 My parents reminded me the flowers

6 I asked Martha to enter law school

A are you planning B is she planning C was she planning D If she was planning

7 Nam wanted to know what time

A does the movie begin B did the movie begin C the movie begins D The movie began

8 I wondered _ the right thing

9 The scientist said the earth the sun

A go around B is going around C went around D was going around

10 Peter said that if he rich, he _ a lot

11 They said that they had been driving through the desert

A the previous day B yesterday C the last day D Sunday previously

12 He asked the children _too much noise

13 The man said that the days _longer in summer

14 The teacher said Columbus _America in 1942

15 John said he _ her since they school

A hasn’t met – left B hadn’t met - had left C hadn’t met - left D didn’t meet – has left

16 The woman asked get lunch at school

A can the children B wether the chidren could C if the children can D could the children

17 Laura said that when she _ to school, she saw an accident

18 He asked, “Why didn’t she take the final exam?” - He asked why the final exam

19 Ba said he some good marks last semester

20 They told their parents that they _ their best to do the test

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21 She asked me where I _ from

22 She _ me whether I liked classical music or not

23 He asked me who the editor of that book

24 He wants to know whether I _ back tomorrow

25 I wonder why he _ love his family

26 They asked me how many children _

27 Thu said she had been _ the day before

28 The student said that the English test _ the most difficult

29 He wanted to know _ shopping during the previous morning

A if we had been going B that if we had been going C we were going D that we were going

30 He asked me _ Robert and I said I did not know _

A that did I know / who were Robert B that I knew / who Robert were

31 The mother asked her son _

A where he has been A where he had been C where has he been D where had he been

32 Martin asked me _

A how is my father B how my father is C how was my father Dhow my father was

33 The host asked Peter _ tea or coffee

34 She asked me _ my holidays _

A where I spent / the previous year C.where I had spent / the previous year

35 He advised _ too far

36 John often says he _ boxing because it _ a cruel sport

A.does not like /is B did not like / were C not liked / had been D had not liked / was

37 Nancy asked me why I had not gone to New York the summer _

38 He asked _ him some money

39 Andrew told me that they _ fish two _ days

A have not eaten / ago B had not eaten / previous C did not eat / before D would not eat / last

40 Jason told me that he _ his best in the exam the _ day

A had done / following B will do / previous C.would do / following D was going / previous

41 John asked me _ in English

42 The mother told her son _ so impolitely

43 She said she _ collect it for me after work

44 She said I _ an angel

45 I have ever told you he _ unreliable

46 I told him _ the word to Jane somehow that I _ to reach her during the early hours

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A passing / will try B he will pass / tried C to pass/ would be trying D he passed / have tried

47 Laura said she had worked on the assignment since _

48 John asked me _ interested in any kind of sports

49 John asked me _ that film the night before

50 The guest told the host that _

A I must go now B he must go now C he had to go now D.he had to gone then

A: S + V + OP: S + BE + V3 ed + by O

(chia thì theo động từ của câu Active)

(A : Active P : Passive)

Ex: 1/ A: Tom eats apples every day

P: Apples are eaten by Tom every day

2/ A: They saw him in the shop

P: He was seen in the shop ( by them )

V1 / Vs/es

V2 ed

Am/ is /areWas / were Am/ is /are

Must + be

Be going to

Be able toHave toOught toUsed to

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Ex: A: Lan gave Mary some books

OI OD

P: Mary was given some books by Lan.

OR:(Some books were given to Mary by Lan.)

2/

A: S + V + (THAT) + S + V ….

P: S + BE + V 3 ed + TO + V 1

OR: IT + BE + V3 ed + by + O + (THAT) S + V

V: SAY KNOW THINK

BELIEVE REPORT RUMOUR

TELL CLAIM PROVE

CONSIDER…

Ex : A : They say that they has been ill

P : He is said to have been ill (or : It is said that he has been ill.)

CÁC DẠNG ĐẶC BIỆT

1 active: S 1 + V 1 + that S 2 + V 2 (present) + O( or noun phrase)

- cách 1: It + be + V1-ed3 + that S2 + V2(present) + O( or noun phrase)

- cách 2: S2 + be + V1-ed3 + to V2 infinitive + O( or noun phrase)

example: People say that Herry eats 20 eggs a day

- cách 1: It is said that Herry eats 20 eggs a day

- cách 2: Herry is said to eat 20 eggs a day

2 active: S 1 + V 1 + that S 2 + V 2 (past) + O( or noun phrase)

- cách 1: It + be + V1-ed3 + that S2 + V2(past) + O( or noun phrase)

- cách 2: S2 + be + V1-ed3 + to have +V2-ed3 + O( or noun phrase)

example: People said that he was very rich

- cách 1: It was said that he was very rich

- cách 2: Herry is said to have been very rich

3 active: S 1 + V 1 + O 1 + to V 2 infinitive + O 2

- passive: S1 + V1 + O 1 + that + O2 + should be + V2-ed3

Example: She advised me to sell that house

- She advised me that that house should be sold

4 active: V + O

passive: let + O + be + V-ed3

Example: “Open the book , please”

- Let the book be opened

5 active: S+ have + Sb + V( bare infinitive) + O

get

- passive: S + have + O + V-ed3 + by O(Sb)

get

Example: He wants to have someone post these letters

- He wants to have these letters posted

EXERCISES (PASSIVE VOICE)

I/ Change these sentences into the passive voice

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1 Somebody has robbed the bank near our house

Các động từ khiếm khuyết (Modal verbs) như: can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might,

must, had better, would rather, have to, be going to, used to, ought to, …

Active: S + Modal Verbs + Vo + O + ……

Passive: S + Modal Verbs + be + V3/ed + (by O) + ……

Ex: - Active: Nam can do this exercise right now

 Passive: The problem is going to be solved (by people) next month

S modal verb be V-ed by O

EXERCISES

Change these sentences into the passive voice

1 People should send their complaints to the main office

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11 The teacher won’t accept papers written in pencils

1 We can’t go along here because the road

A is repairing B is repaired C is being repaired D repairs

2 The story I’ve just read Agatha Christie

A was written B was written by C was written from D wrote by

3 I’m going to go out and

A have cut my hair B have my hair cut C cut my hair D my hair be cut

4 Something funny in class yesterday

5 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan

A manufacture B have manufactured C are manufactured D are manufacturing

6 A lot of pesticide residue can unwashed produce

7 We by a loud noise during the night

A woke up B are woken up C were woken up D were waking up

8 Some film stars difficult to work with

A are said be B are said to be C say to be D said to be

9 Why did Tom keep making jokes about me? – I don’t enjoy at

A be laughed B to be laughed C laughing D being laughed

10 Today, many serious childhood diseases by early immunization

A are preventing B can prevent C prevent D can be prevented

11 Do you get your heating every year?

12 Bicycles in the driveway

A must not leave B must not be leaving C must not be left D must not have left

13 Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony next weekend

A is going to be performed B has been performed

D will be performing D will have perform

14 All bottles before transportation

15 .yet?

A Have the letters been typed B Have been the letters typed

C Have the letters typed D Had the letters typed

16 English has become a second language in countries like India, Nigeria or Singapore where for administration, broadcasting and education

17 The telephones by Alexander Graham Bell

A is invented B is inventing C invented D was invented

18 Lots of houses by the earthquake

A are destroying B destroyed C were destroyed D is destroyed

19 Gold in California in the 19th century

A was discovered B has been discovered C was discover D they discover

20 The preparation by the time the guest

A had been finished- arrived B have finished- arrived

C had finished-were arriving D have been finished- were arrived

21 The boy _ by the teacher yesterday

A punish B punished C punishing D was punished

22 “Ms Jones, please type those letters before noon”_ “They’ve already , sir They’re on your desk.”

A typed B been being typed C being typed D been typed

23 Sarah is wearing a blouse It _ of cotton

A be made B are made C is made D made

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24 They had a boy _ that yesterday

A done B to do C did D do

25 We got our mail yesterday

A been delivered B delivered C delivering D to deliver

26 James…… the news as soon as possible

A should tell B should be told C should told D should be telled

27 My wedding ring yellow and white gold

A is made B is making C made D make

28 Mr Wilson is _ as Willie to his friend

A known B knew C is known D know

29 References _ in the examination room

A not are used B is not used C didn’t used D are not used

30 Laura in Boston

A are born B were born C was born D born

31 His car needs

A be fixed B fixing C to be fixing D fixed

32 Her watch needs _

A repairing B to be repaired C repaired D A and B

33 My mother is going _ this house

A sold B sell C to be sold D to sell

34 There’s somebody behind us I think we are _

A being followed B are followed C follow D following

35 Have you _ by a dog?

A bite B bit C ever been bitten D ever been bit

36 The room is being _ at the moment

A was cleaned B cleaned C cleaning D clean

37 It _ that the strike will end soon

A is expected B expected C are expected D was expected

38 It is _ that many people are homeless after the floods

A was reported B reports C reported D reporting

39 He was said _ this building

A designing B to have designed C to design D designed

40 Ted by a bee while he was sitting in the garden

A got sting B got stung C get stung D gets stung

41 These tennis courts don’t _ very often Not many people want to play

A got used B used C get used D get use

42 I’ll get Minh _ do this for you

A do B done C did D to do

43 Those letters now You can do the typing later.

A need typing B needn't be typed C need to type D needn't typing

44 “What a beautiful dress you are wearing”- “thanks, it _ especially for me by a French tailor.”

A is made B has made C made D was made

45 Somebody cleans the room every day

A The room everyday is cleaned B The room is every day cleaned

C The room is cleaned every day D The room is cleaned by somebody every day

46 People don’t use this road very often

A This road is not used very often B Not very often this road is not used

C This road very often is not used D This road not very often is used

47 How do people learn languages?

A How are languages learned? B How are languages learned by people?

C How languages are learned? D Languages are learned how?

48 Over 1500 new houses _ each year Last year, 1720 new houses _

A were built/ were built B are built/ were built

C are building / were built D were built/ were being built

49 Tom bought that book yesterday

A That book was bought by Tom yesterday B That book was bought yesterday by Tom

C That book yesterday was bought by Tom D That book was bought yesterday

50 The new computer system _ next month

A is be installed B is being installed

C is been installed D is being installed by people

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RELATIVE CLAUSES ( Mệnh Đề Quan Hệ)

Relative Pronouns & Adverbs:

Functions

Notes: *Where = prep + n place

*When = prep + n time

*Why = for + the reason

*‘THAT’ thay thế cho “WHO, WHOM, WHICH” trong mệnh đề có giới

hạn (không đứng sau dấu phẩy, và giới từ)

*Dùng 1 hoặc 2 dấu phẩy tách mệnh đề quan hệ ra khỏi mệnh đề chính

khi tiền danh từ là:

- Danh từ riêng

- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = sở hữu (MY, YOUR, …,TOM’S HOUSE,…)

- Danh từ được bổ nghĩa = 1 nhóm từ ( EX: The man from Hanoi,…)

Ex: They wanted to see my manager, who was away.

Relative Clauses:

Rel Cl.

Relative pronoun / adverb The other parts

+ S + V

+ whom /that + V( + O)+ S + VPeople/ things + whose V ( + O)+ n +

S + VPlace

TimeReason

+ where+ when

Ex: a/ Could you iron the trousers? They’re hanging up behind the door

↔ Could you iron the trousers which/that are hanging up behind the door?

b/ She showed me the radio She had bought it

↔ She showed me the radio which/ that She had bought.

c/ I don’t like the people People lose their temper easily

↔ I don’t like the people who /that lose their temper easily.

d/ The man works here I saw him yesterday

↔ The man whom/ that I saw yesterday works here.

e/ The house is very large Its door is green

↔ The house whose door is green is very large.

f/ Have you seen the girl? I’m keeping her bicycle

↔ Have you seen the girl whose bicycle I’m keeping?

g/ Vietnam is beautiful We live in vietnam

↔Vietnam, where we live, is beautiful.

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EXCERCISE:

1 The man spoke to John is my brother

2 I must thank the man from _ I got the present

3 It is a car I bought last year

4 He is the man _ son is a doctor

5 I come from a city _ is located in the southern part of the country

6 The film about _ they are talking is fantastic

7 That ’s the woman to _ Jim used to be married

8 The people who are waiting for the bus in the rain are getting well

9 He is the boy _ is my best friend

10 I have a message for people by the traffic chaos

A to delay B who delay C delayed D who delaying

11 I live in a pleasant room the garden

A to overlook B overlooking C overlooked D which overlooking

12 Melanie was the only person a letter of thanks

A wrote B written C to write D writing

13 The pilot was the only man after the crash

A was rescued B rescued C rescuing D to be rescued

14 I met a lot of new people at the party names I can’t remember.

15 I talked to a woman car had broken down on the way to the party.

16 Vicky, name was missed off the list, wasn’t very pleased

17 The picture was painted by Laura, is being shown in an exhibition

18 The concert _ we are looking forward is next Saturday

19 I’ll see you near the post office _ we met the other day

20 The success of shared holidays depends on you shared it with

21 The sun, is one of millions of stars in the universe, provides us with heat an light

A which B that C who D A & B are correct

22 Tom made a number of suggestions, most of were very helpful

A them B which C that D B & C are correct

23 Alaska, my brother lives, is the largest state in the United States

A which B where C w ho D All are correct

24 Tell me the reason you were absent yesterday

A where B when C why D that

25 There was a time dinosaurs dominated the earth

A which B when C that D A & B are correct

26 The house in _ I was born and grew up was destroyed in an earthquake ten years ago

A which B where C that D All are correct

27 Summer is the time of the year _ the weather is the hottest

A when B which C that D B & C are correct

28 Sunday is the day on _ I am least busy

A where B when C which D that

29 Do you know the man about _ they’re talking?

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TÀI LIỆU ƠN THI TỐT NGHIÊP TIẾNG ANH 12 -

A whom B whose C that D A & C are correct

30 What’s the name of the blonde girl _ just came in?

A who B whose C whom D A & B are correct

31 I don’t like people _ lose their tempers easily

A who B whose C that D A & C are correct

32 Mexico City, _ has a population of over 10 million, is probably the fastest growing city in the world

A which B whose C that D A & B are correct

33 This is Henry, sister works for my father

34 He’s the man _ people like at first sight

A who B whom C that D All are correct

35 Could you iron the trousers _ are hanging up behind the door?

A who B which C that D B & C are correct

36 Where is the girl _ sells tickets?

A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct

37 The man _ we consider as our leader had much experience in climbing mountains

A who B whose C whom D A & C are correct

38 The artist _ name I couldn’t remember was one of the best I had ever seen

39 Frank invited Janet, he had met in Japan, to the party

40 The girl design had been chosen stepped to the platform to receive the award

A whose B whom C that D which

41 I need to find a painting will match the rest of my room

42 There are too many poor people do not have enough to eat in the world

A whose B whom C who D which

43 The trees have the beautiful flowers grow near the gate of the garden

A whose B whom C who D which

44 The teacher _ teaches us French is coming today

A whom B who C that D B & C are correct

45 What’s the music to _ you are listening?

A whose B which C that D B & C are correct

46 I don’t like the stories have unhappy endings

A who B which C that D B & C are correct

47 The students don’t have library cards can’t borrow books from the library

A who B which C whom D A & C are correct

48 The dress she bought last week doesn’t fit her well

A whom B which C whose D B & C are correct

49 Do you know a shop _ sells good coffee?

A which B that C whose D A & B are correct

50 The teacher punished the student _ was naughty

A whom B who C which D A & B are correct

-CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

( Câu Điều Kiện)

Types and Use

(Loại và Cách dùng )

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could might

Ex: 1 If it is fine, we will go

2 I’d fly everywhere if I were a bird

3 If you had met the president yesterday, what would you have done?

1 Mệnh đề điều kiện có thể đứng trước hoặc sau mệnh đề chính.

2 “Would have been doing” có thể dùng thay thế cho “ would have done ” ở mệnh đề chính

Eg : At the time of the accident I was sitting in the back of the car because Tom’s little boy was sitting beside him in front.If Tom’s boy hadn’t been there I would have been sitting in front

*”Had been doing” có thể dùng thay thế cho “ had done “ ở mệnh đề điều kiện

-I was wearing a seatbelt If I hadn’t been wearing one, I’d been seriously injured

3 Trong mệnh đề điều kiện, ta có thể thay liên từ “If ” bằng “ Unless” (nếu không,trừ phi)

“Unless” tương đương với “If not”

-If you don’t study hard, you’ll fail in the exam

->Unless you study hard, you’ll fail in the exam

-If she doesn’t water these trees, they will die

->Unless she water these trees, they will die

4 Khi ta đổi một câu điều kiện với từ nối “ IF ” sang “UNLESS”, nhớ lưu ý trường hợp mệnh đề

“IF” ở thể khẳng định không được đổi sang thể phủ định khi dùng Unless mà phải đổi mệnh đề chính sang thể ngược lại

-If I have time, I’ll help you

-> Unless I have time, I won’t help you

-If we had more rain, our crops would grow faster

->Unless we had more rain, our crops wouldn’t grow faster

-If I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t build a school for the poor

->Unless I won a big prize in a lottery, I wouldn’t build a school for the poor

Ta có thể rút gọn công thức sau:

IF - clause >unless

Thể phủ định ->khẳng định (mệnh đề chính không đổi)

Thể khẳng định ->khẳng định (đổi động từ trong mệnh chính sang thể ngược lại)

5.Ta cũng có thể diễn tả câu điều kiện mà không cần If hay Unless bằng cách đảo chủ ngữ ra sau động từ Were hoặc Had (trong loại 3) Lưu ý không được làm với động từ khác

-If they were stronger, they could lift the table.

-> Were they stronger, they could lift the table.

-If the had studied hard ,he would have passed his exam

-> Had studied hard ,he would have passed his exam

6.Provided (that), On condition (that), as long as , so long as ( miễn là ,với điều kiện là) :Suppose, supposing (giả sử như) ,In case (ở trong trường hợp), Even if (ngay cả khi, dù cho) có thể dùng thay cho if trong câu điêu kiện,

Ex:In case I forget,please remind me of my promise

7 AS if và as though

Chỉ hành động có thể xảy ra ở hiện tại

Subject +Verb (present) +As if /As though +Subject +verb (presen)

Ex:

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TÀI LIỆU ễN THI TỐT NGHIấP TIẾNG ANH 12 -

-Do you hear that music next door ? It sounds As if they are having a party.

*Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện khụng cú thật ở hiện tại

Subject +Verb (present) +As if /As though +Subject +verb (past)

-Ann walks as if she studied modeling

-He acts as though he were rich

* Chỉ hành động hay sự kiện khụng cú thật ở qỳa khứ

Subject +Verb (past) +As if /As though +Subject +verb (past perfect)

Ex :

-Barbara looked as if she had seen a ghost

-Jonh looked as though he had run ten miles.

8

Cõu điều kiện loại 0 (Zero conditional sentences)

+ Cõu điều kiện loại 0 diễn đạt những giả thiết luụn đỳng ở hiện tại hoặc quỏ khứ

+ Trong cả 2 mệnh đề động từ dựng ở thỡ hiện tại đơn (hiện tại) hoặc quỏ khứ đơn( quỏ khứ)

-If you cook water, it boils at 100 C

-If you heat ice ,it turns to water

-If anyone interrupts him, he gets angry

-If you didn’t know any English, why did you offter to give him English lessons?

-If you knew the mushrooms were poisonous, Why did you still eat it?

9

Cõu điều kiện hỗn hợp(mixed type)

a.If +had done, would do/would be doing

-If I had worked harder school, I would be siting in a comfortable office ,I wouldn’t be sweeping the streets -The plane I intended to catch crashed and everyone was killed If I hadcaught that plane, I would be dead now

b.IF +quá khứ đơn giản ,Would have done

-If I were as intelligent as you ,I would have passed the entrance examination last year

-If my son were as well-qualified as yours ,he would have applied for the job

10

Mệnh đề điều kiện được thay thế bằng BUT FOR

-If the salary were not high ,the job wouldn’t be worth doing

=-But for the high salary, the job wouldn’t be worth doing

=-If it weren’t for the high salary , the job wouldn’t be worth doing

-If the weather hadn’t been so bad , we would have enjoyed the journey

=-But for the bad weather ,we would have enjoyed the journey

=-If hadn’t been for the bad weather ,we would have enjoyed the journey

11

Cõu điều kiện cú Otherwise/Or/Or else (Nếu khụng thỡ)

-Give me the money or/ or else I’ll kill you

=- If you don’t give me the money,I’ll kill you

-You should come back before 10.00 pm Otherwise, you’ll be locked outside

=If you don’t come back before 10.00 pm You’ll be locked outside

-I used my father’s car I would have been late, otherwise

=-If I hadn’t used my father’s car I would have been late

12

Cõu điều kiện cú Should/will ở mệnh đề điều kiện

-If you should see Ann ,could you ask her to ring me

-If you will wait here, I’ll see if Mr.Smith is free

-If you will stay out (=insist on staying out) late,you will get tired

13

Mệnh đề điều kiện cú thể rỳt gọn thành without/thank to +cụm danh từ

- Without water , we couldn’t exist= If there weren’t any water, we couldn’t exist

-If I hadn’t lent us the money, we wouldn’t have been able to buy the house

=- Without his money, we wouldn’t have been able to buy the house

+If bị lược bỏ

+Should thường được dựng ở đầu cõu điều kiện đảo ngữ

Eg

-If there is a delay, there will be an announcement

-> Is there a delay, there will be an announcement

->Should there be a delay, there will be an announcement

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Exercises:

1 “Would you mind if we _you by your first name?”

“Not at all Please call me Tom.”

2 She can’t get home _ she has no money

3 If I had known your new address, we _to see you

A came B will come C would come D would have come

4 If we took the 10:30 train, _

A we would arrive too early B we should arrive too early

C we will arrive too early D we may arrive too early

5 It’s very crowded here I wish there _ so many people

A aren’t B weren’t C haven’t been D isn’t

6 I wouldn’t go there at night if I _ you

7 If I _ get a pole, I’ll go fishing

8 If they had enough time, they _ head south

9 If you _ a choice, which country would you visit?

10 Trees won’t grow _ there is enough water

11 _ she agreed, you would have done it

12 If you _ to be chosen for the job, you’ll have to be experienced in the field

13 If the doctor had arrived sooner, the boy _

A might be saved B have been saved C was saved D might have been saved

14 If there _, the rice fields could have been more productive

A had been enough water B were enough water C would be enough water D are enough water

15 The patient could not recover unless he _ an operation

A had undergone B would undergo C underwent D.was undergoing

16 If she _ him, she would be very happy

A would meet B will meet C is meeting D should meet

17 If he _ a thorough knowledge of English, he could have applied for this post

18 If I had enough money, I _ abroad to improve my English

A will go B would go C should go D should have to go

19 If it _ convenient, let’s go out for a drink tonight

20 If you _ time, please write to me

21 If it _ tomorrow, we may postpone going on a picnic

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22 If you hadn’t watched that late mivie last night, you _ sleepy now

A wouldn’t have been B wouldn’t be C might have not been D wouldn’t have been being

23 If you _ as I told you, you _ sorry now

A did- would not be B had done- had not been C do – would not be D had done – would not be

24 If only I _ him now

25 If I _, I’ll let you know

26 If only I _ you wanted to invest money in business

27 Linda wishes she _her car

A hasn’t sold B hadn’t sold C doesn’t sell D won’t sell

28 He looked frightened as if he _a ghost

29 I wish it _ a holiday today

30 “My car broke down when I was leaving Detroit and I had to take the bus.”

“ _, we would have picked you up.”

A Had we known B If we have known C We had known D If we did know

31 If I _ as young as you are, I _ in a boat round the world

A were- would sail B would be – would sail C were- will sail D would- would sail

32 If he _tickets yesterday, he _ on the beach now

A had booked- would be lying B had booked- would have lied

C booked – would lie D books- will lie

33 If you _ less last night, you _ so bad today

A had drunk- would not have felt B drank- would not feel

C had drunk- would not feel D would have drunk- would not feel

34 It seemed as if he _ of it before

A would never hear B has never heard C never heard D had never heard

35 _ today, she would get home by Friday

A Would she leave B Was she leaving C Were she to leave D If she leaves

36 “He’s a very brave man.” “Yes, I wish I _ his courage.”

37 _he _ hard last year, he would have lost the first prize

A Hadn’t – studied B Had- studied C Didn’t study D If – had studied

38 We’re going to be late if _

A we not leave right now B we didn’t leave right now

C we won’t leave right now D we don’t leave right now

39 “I wish this city _ so noisy.” “I know I wish we _ in the countryside.”

A isn’t – live B wasn’t – live C weren’t- live D weren’t – lived

40 He acted as though he _ for days

A not eat B hasn’t eaten C hadn’t eaten D didn’t eat

41 We _ the game if we’d had a few more minutes

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42 I _ William with me if I had known you and he didn’t get along with each other

A hadn’t brought B didn’t bring C wouldn’t have brought D won’t bring

43 If you _ to my advice in the first place, you wouldn’t be in this mess right now

A listen B will listen C had listened D listened

44 _ interested in that subject, I would try to learn more about it

45 I _ you sooner had someone told me you were in the hospital

A would have visited B visited C had visited D visit

46 _ then what I know today, I would have saved myself a lot of time and trouble over the years

A Had I known B Did I know C If I know D If I would know

47 Do you think there would be less conflict in the world if all people _ the same language?

48 Unless you _ all of my questions, I can’t do anything to help you

49 Had you told me that this was going to happen, I _ it

A would never have believed B don’t believe C hadn’t believed D can’t believe

50 If Jake _ to go on the trip, would you have gone?

A doesn’t agree B didn’t agree C hadn’t agreed D wouldn’t agree

1 IN: ở trong ( 1 nơi/ vùng/ khu vực/ quốc gia/ thành phố/ …)

Ex: in the room/ Asia/ Britain/ London/ …

in bed/ newspaper/ magazines/ the world/…

2 ON: ở trên

Ex: on the table/ the board/ the floor/ …

on TV/ the radio/ telephone/ the way/ the street/ horse back/ …

3 AT : ở tại (địa điểm nhỏ)

Ex: at the desk/ the station/ the airport/ 72 Pham Ngu Lao street….

at home/ school/ work…

4 FROM : từ (nơi xuất phát) Ex: Mr Mac Donald is from Scotland

6 BETWEEN : ở giữa (2 người / vật) Ex: Mai is sitting between Nam and Nga.

7 AMONG: ở giữa , trong số Ex : The letter is somewhere among these papers.

II Preposition Of Time

1 IN: -1977( 1890, 2008…)

-the summer (winter…)

-April (May, August…)

2 ON : -holiday

- weekend

- Monday

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