đề thi tuyển công chức tiếng anh tỉnh bà rịa vũng tàu năm 2016

We use the present continuous tense to talk about the present:- for something that is happening at the moment of speaking:I’m just leaving work.. We use the present continuous tense to t

UBND TỈNH BÀ RỊA-VŨNG TÀU

HỘI ĐỒNG THI TUYỂN CÔNG CHỨC

Cơ quan biên soạn: Đại học Bà Rịa – Vũng Tàu

A- NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP

I Ngữ âm: Phân biệt cách phát âm các đuôi –s/-es/ -ed

II Ngữ pháp:

1 Thì (tenses)

2 Câu bị động (Passive voice)

3 Câu trần thuật (Reported Speech)

4 Câu điều kiện (Conditional sentences)

5 Mệnh đề quan hệ(Relative clauses): phân biệt cách sử dụng 2 loại mệnh đề quanhệ

II Đọc hiểu:

1 Các kĩ năng đọc hiểu:

a Đọc lướt (scanning and skimming)

b Đoán nghĩa từ qua văn cảnh (Guess word’s meaning through context)

2 Các dạng câu hỏi đọc hiểu:

a Câu hỏi nhiều lựa chọn (MCQ)

A NỘI DUNG ÔN TẬP

SECTION I: PRONUNCIATION

a Pronunciation of –s/es ending:

The pronunciation of third-person -(e)s depends on what comes before it:

– /s/ after an unvoiced sound like /p/, /k/ or /t/

– /z/ after a vowel, or a voiced consonant like /b/, /g/, /d/, /m/, /l/ etc

– /ɪz/ after /s/, /z/, /ʃ/ and /tʃ/

b The pronunciation of –ed ending:

If the last letter of the word is spelled with /d/ or /t/, the -ed is pronounced as /id/

Eg wanted, decided, treated

If the last consonant sound of the word is voiceless /p, k, f, s, ʃ, tʃ/, then the -ed is pronounced as

a /t/

Eg stopped, cooked, laughed

If the last letter of the words ends in a voiced consonant (or sound), then the -ed is pronounced

as a /d/

Eg moved, changed

SECTION II: GRAMMAR I-TENSES IN ENGLISH

1 Simple present We use the present tense to talk about:

 something that is true in the present:

I’m nineteen years old

He lives in London

 Present habits or routines (with adverbs of frequency:

sometimes, often, usually, always, never, …)

I play football every weekend

I sometimes go to the cinema

She never plays football

 something that is always true:

The adult human body contains 206 bones

Light travels at almost 300,000 kilometres per second

 something that is fixed in the future (program, schedule, )The school term starts next week

The train leaves at 1945 this evening

We fly to Paris next week

2 Present continous 1 We use the present continuous tense to talk about the present:

- for something that is happening at the moment of speaking:I’m just leaving work I’ll be home in an hour

Please be quiet The children are sleeping

- for something which we think is temporary:

Michael is at university He’s studying history

I’m working in London for the next two weeks

- for something which is changing, growing or developing:

The children are growing quickly

The climate is changing rapidly

Your English is improving

These days most people are using email instead of writing letters.What sort of clothes are teenagers wearing nowadays? What sort of music are they listening to?

- for something which happens again and again (with the use of

“always”):

It’s always raining in London

They are always arguing

George is great He’s always laughing

2 We use the present continuous tense to talk about the future:for something which has been arranged or planned:

Mary is going to a new school next term

What are you doing next week?

3 We can use the present continuous to talk about the past: when we are telling a story or when we are summarizing the story from a book, film orplay, etc

3 Present perfect We use the present perfect tense:

- for something that started in the past and continues in the present:

They’ve been married for nearly fifty years

She has lived in Liverpool all her life

- for something we have done several times in the past and continue to do:

I’ve played the guitar ever since I was a teenager

He has written three books and he is working on another one

I’ve been watching that programme every week

- when we are talking about our experience up to the present:

My last birthday was the worst day I have ever had

Have you ever met George?- Yes, but I’ve never met his wife

- for something that happened in the past without definite time (with

adverbials: just; only just; recently;ever, so far; until now; up to now,…)

I can’t get in the house I’ve lost my keys

Teresa isn’t at home I think she has gone shopping

Scientists have recently discovered a new breed of monkey

We have just got back from our holidays

Have you ever seen a ghost?

Where have you been up to now?

Have you finished your homework yet? - No, so far I’ve only done my history

4 Present perfect

continuous We use the present perfect continuous tense:

- to talk about an action that started in the past and is either still continuing or recently finished (emphasizing the duration of the action)She has been living in Liverpool all her life

It’s been raining for hours

They’ve been staying with us since last week

I have worked here since I left school

I’ve been watching that programme every week since it started

- Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the present

John is in a detention because he has been misbehaving

The road is wet because it has been raining

I have to go on a diet because I have been eating too much sugar.Jessica got sunburn because she has been lying in the sun too long

5 Past simple We use the past simple tense to talk about something that happened and

completely finished in the past (with ago, yesterday, last week/ month/ year,…)

I met my wife in 1983

They got home very late last night

When I was a boy I walked a mile to school every day

We swam a lot while we were on holiday

They always enjoyed visiting their friends

I lived abroad for ten years

She played a lot of tennis when she was younger

6 Past continuous We use the past continuous to talk about something which

continued before and after another action in the past

The children were doing their homework when I got home

As I was watching television, the telephone rang

7 Past perfect We use the past perfect to talk about an action that happened before a

point of time or another action in the past (with the use of before, after, when by, by the time, by the end of + time in the past …)

I had gone to bed before 10 o’clock last night

After he had finished work, he went straight home

8 Past perfect

continuous

We use the past perfect continuous:

- to express actions or situations that were in progress before some other actions or situations

He boys had been quarreling for half an hour when we arrived home

I had been dating Angelina for 3 years before we got married

- Use this tense to show cause of an action or situation in the past

John was in a detention because he had been misbehaving

The road was wet because it had been raining

I had to go on a diet because I had been eating too much sugar.Jessica got sunburn because she had been lying in the sun too long

9 Simple future - use for spontaneous decision (decision made at the time of speaking)

Hold on I‘ll get a pen

We will see what we can do to help you

Maybe we‘ll stay in and watch television tonight

- make prediction about the future

I think it will rain tomorrow

People won’t go to Jupiter before the 22nd century

Who do you think will get the job?

Continuous expresses action at a particular moment in the futureI will be playing tennis at 10am tomorrow.

They won't be watching TV at 9pm tonight

What will you be doing at 10pm tonight?

What will you be doing when I arrive?

She will not be sleeping when you telephone her

We'll be having dinner when the film starts

Take your umbrella It will be raining when you return

11 Future Perfect to say that something will be finished by a particular time in the future

Do you think you will have finished it by next Thursday?

In 5 years time I’ll have finished university and I’ll be able to earn some money at last

I think astronauts will have landed on Mars by the year 2020

I’ll have finished in an hour and then you can use the computer

12 Future perfect

continuous to talk about an action which starts before a time in the future and continues up to that time

In April 2018, I will have been teaching here for ten years

13 Near future - Intention/ future plan

I have won $1,000 I am going to buy a new TV

We’re not going to see my mother tomorrow

When are you going to go on holiday?

- Predictions about the future based on evidenceThe sky is very black It is going to snow

It’s 8.30! You’re going to miss the train!

I crashed the company car My boss isn’t going to be very happy!

II- PASSIVE VOICE

1 How to changed from active to passive

2 Passive voice with reporting verbs:

- Sometimes when you are reporting what people say or believe, you don´t know, or you don´twant to say, who exactly the `people´ are So you use an impersonal construction:

People believe that thousands of birds died

The same idea can be expressed by using the passive in two different ways:

a) subject + passive of reporting verb + `to´ infinitive:

Hundreds of thousands of birds are believed to have died

b) It + passive of reporting verb + that + clause

It is believed that hundreds of thousands of birds died

- Some other reporting verbs that can be used in this way are: calculate, claim, consider, discover, estimate, expect, feel, hope, know, prove, report, say, show, think, understand, etc

- With present reference, the passive is followed by the present infinitive:

People think that Johnson is in Cardiff  Johnson is thought to be in Cardiff

- With past reference, the passive is followed by the past infinitive:

People believe that Johnson left Cardiff last month

 Johnson is believed to have left Cardiff last month

- Present and past continuous infinitives are also used:

They think that the forger is living in Florence

 The forger is thought to be living in Florence

People know that the suspect has been dealing with drugs

 The suspect is known to have been dealing with drugs

- Passive infinitives can also appear:

People believe that the portrait was painted by Vermeer

 The portrait is believed to have been painted by Vermeer

They think that the staff are given a bonus whenever they have to work overtime

 The staff are thought to be given a bonus whenever they have to work overtime

- The reporting verb can also be past:

People considered the government had spent too much

 The government was considered to have paid too much

3 Passive voice with imperatives

Close the door, please

-> The door must be closed, please.

III- REPORTED SPEECH

Introductory clause + reported clause

Tense of the Introductory Clause:

No Backshift

if introductory clause is in …

Backshift

if introductory clause is in …

 Simple Present (He says …)

 Present Perfect (He has said …)

 Future I will (He will say …)

 Future I going to (He is going to

say …)

 Simple Past (He said …)

 Past Perfect (He had said …)

 Future II ( He will have said …)

 Conditional I (He would say …)

 Conditional II (He would have said …)

Backshift in Reported Speech when changing from direct speech:

Past Perfect Progressive

Future I (going to) was / were going to

Future I (will)

Conditional IConditional I

Future II

Conditional IIConditional II

 Backshift of Simple Present is optional if the situation is still unchanged or if you agreewith the original speaker

 Simple Past and Past Progressive do not normally change in sentences with when / if.

 The basic rule for requests is: introductory clause + ‚to + infinite verb

 Advise expressions with must, should and ought are usually reported using advise / urge.

Main Clauses connected with and / but: If two complete main clauses are connected

with ‚andor ‚but, put ‚that after the conjunction.

He said,“I saw her but she didn’t see me.”

He said that he had seen her but that she hadn’t seen him

If the subject is left out in the second main clause (the conjunction is followed by a verb), do not

usethat.

She said,“I am a nurse and work in a hospital.”

He said that she was a nurse and worked in a hospital

IV- CONDITIONAL SENTENCES

* Conditional Sentence Type 1→ It is possible and also very likely that the condition will be

fulfilled

Form: if + Simple Present, will-Future

Ex: If I find her address, I’ll send her an invitation

* Conditional Sentence Type 2→ It is possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be

fulfilled

Form: if + Simple Past, would + Infinitive

Ex: If I found her address, I would send her an invitation

* Conditional Sentence Type 3→ It is impossible that the condition will be fulfilled because it

refers to the past

Form: if + Past Perfect, would + have + Past Participle

Ex: If I had found her address, I would have sent her an invitation

* Mixed Conditional Patterns:

Examples:

 If I had won the lottery, I would be rich

But I didn't win the lottery in the past and I am not rich now.

 If I had taken French in high school, I would have more job opportunities

But I didn't take French in high school and I don't have many job opportunities.

 If she had been born in the United States, she wouldn't need a visa to work here

But she wasn't born in the United States and she does need a visa now to work here.

 If she had signed up for the ski trip last week, she would be joining us tomorrow

But she didn't sign up for the ski trip last week and she isn't going to join us tomorrow.

 If Mark had gotten the job instead of Joe, he would be moving to Shanghai

But Mark didn't get the job and Mark is not going to move to Shanghai.

 If Darren hadn't wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas, he would go to

Mexico with us next month But Darren wasted his Christmas bonus gambling in Las Vegas and he won't go to Mexico with us ne

Examples:

 If I were rich, I would have bought that Ferrari we saw yesterday

But I am not currently rich and that is why I didn't buy the Ferrari yesterday.

 If I didn't have to work so much, I would have gone to the party last night

But I have to work a lot and that is why I didn't go to the party last night.

Examples:

• If I didn't have so much vacation time, I wouldn't go with you on the cruise to Alaska

next week But I do have a lot of vacation time and I will go on the trip next week.

• If Cindy were more creative, the company would send her to New York to work

on the new advertising campaign But Cindy is not creative and the company won't send her to New York to work on the new campaign.

• If Dan weren't so nice, he wouldn't be tutoring you in math tonight But Dan is nice and he is going to tutor you tonight.

Examples:

• If I weren't going on my business trip next week, I would have accepted that new

assignment at work But I am going to go on a business trip next week, and that is why I didn't accept that new assignment at work.

• If my parents weren't coming this weekend, I would have planned a nice trip just for the

two of us to Napa Valley But my parents are going to come this weekend, and that is why I didn't plan a trip for the two of us to Napa Valley.

• If Donna weren't making us a big dinner tonight, I would have suggested that we go to

that nice Italian restaurant But she is going to make us a big dinner tonight, and that is why I didn't suggest that we go to that nice Italian restaurant.

Examples:

• If I were going to that concert tonight, I would be very excited

But I am not going to go to that concert tonight and that is why I am not excited.

• If Sandy were giving a speech tomorrow, she would be very nervous

But Sandy is not going to give a speech tomorrow and that is why she in not nervous.

• If Seb didn't come with us to the desert, everyone would be very disappointed

But Seb will come with us to the desert and that is why everyone is so happy.

V- RELATIVE CLAUSES

Defining Relative clauses Non-defining relative clauses

A defining relative clause identifies or

classifies a noun:

Do you know the guy who is talking to Will

over there?

I wrote my essay on a photo which was

taken by Robert Capa.

If we omit this type of clause, the sentence

does not make sense or has a different

meaning:

Do you know the guy? (which guy?)

I wrote my essay on a photo (what kind of

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo

da Vinci, who was also a prolific engineer and inventor.

If we leave out this type of clause, the sentencestill makes sense:

The Mona Lisa was painted by Leonardo

da Vinci (we know who Leonardo da

Vinci was)

With comma:

Those athletes, who failed the drug test, were

disqualified.

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION

Focusing on the following skills of reading comprehension:

 Finding the main idea, important facts, and supporting details

 Summarizing

 Sequencing

 Inferencing

Answering some common types of questions:

 Multiple choice questions

 Short answer questions

 Matching questions (words and their meaning, paragraphs and their headings)s

 Gap-filling questions (filling summary, charts, tables, )

SECTION FOUR: WRITING

The introduction should include:

 Give the background to the topic/ general ìnormation

 Connecting information

 Thesis statement

The Main Body:

2-3 paragraphs supporting the main idea of the essay

Conclusion

The conclusion summarises main points in the essay

B LUYỆN TẬP

Exercise 1: Circle a word in each line that has the underlined part pronounced differently from the others.

10 a counted b laughed c coughed d fixed

Exercise 2: Choose the best answer A, B, C or D to complete the following sentences

1 When I last saw him, he _ in London

A has lived B is living C was living D has been living

2 We _ Dorothy since last Saturday

A don’t see B haven’t seen C didn’t see D hadn’t seen

3 The train half an hour ago

A has been leaving B left C has left D had left

4 Jack the door

A has just painted B paint C will have painted D painting

5 My sister for you since yesterday

A is looking B was looking C has been looking D looked

6 I Texas State University now

A am attending B attend C was attending D attended

7 He has been selling motorbikes

A ten years ago B since ten years C for ten years ago D for ten years

8 Christopher Columbus _ American more than 500 years ago

A discovered B has discovered C had discovered D had beendiscovering

9 I _ in the room right now

A am being B was being C have been being D am

10 I to New York three times this year

11 Doctors an answer to AIDS yet

A have found B found C haven/t found D.hasn/t found

12 He to give up smoking since last week

A was trying B.have tried C has tried D tried

13 He enjoys in the rain

14 This school ten years ago

A be built B is built C was built D built

15 Are you looking for my sister? – She isn't at home now She to the library

16 The school usually at six o'clock each day, but on Monday, it stayed openlater.

A stay B stays C is staying D has stayed

17 Last week we some snow in our city but it didn't stay on the ground for along time

A have B are having C have had D had

18 There two accidents on this road so far this year and the one last night wasquite serious

A are B were C have been D are going to be

19 He is a very active child Probably, when he grows up he very good at sports

A is B was C has been D is going to be

20 Please call me back later I can't speak right now because I an English lesson

A have B have had C am having D am going to have

21 I bought this car in July, so now I it for six months

A have B have had C am having D had

22 Jane isn't at work today She's very sick so I don't think tomorrow

A she comes B she has come C she's coming D she's going tocome

23 Two days ago I my keys in my local supermarket

A lose B lost C have lost D am losing

24 This is the third time this week you late for your class Please don't do itagain

A arrive B are arriving C arrived D have arrived

25 Every week we a spelling test on Friday morning with words we have learned

in the week

A have B had C are having D have had

26 Emrah Hazim for two months since he started studying in the same class lastNovember

A knows B knew C has known D is knowing

27 When I was on holiday in the USA, every night we a different city

A stay B have stayed C stayed D are staying

Exercise 3: Choose the correct answer.

1 I have three brothers

My brother who lives in Sidney came to see me last month

My brother, who lives in Sidney, came to see me last month

2 I have one sister

My sister who is 25 years old spent her holiday in France

My sister, who is 25 years old, spent her holiday in France

3 Bob's mum has lost her keys

Bob's mum who is a musician has lost her car keys

Bob's mum, who is a musician, has lost her car keys

4 My friend Jane moved to Canada

My friend Jane whose husband is Canadian moved to Canada last week

My friend Jane, whose husband is Canadian, moved to Canada last week

5 I am a shoe fanatic

The shoes which I bought yesterday are very comfortable

The shoes, which I bought yesterday, are very comfortable

6 Mr Robinson is very famous

Mr Robinson whom I met at the trade fair is a famous inventor

Mr Robinson, whom I met at the trade fair, is a famous inventor

7 Tamara has two cats Both of them are black

Tamara's two cats which can play outside are black

Tamara's two cats, which can play outside, are black

8 Kevin has four cats Two of them are black

Kevin's two cats which are black can play outside

Kevin's two cats, which are black, can play outside

9 We are on holiday Yesterday we visited a church

The church which we visited yesterday is very old

The church, which we visited yesterday, is very old

10 We are on holiday Yesterday we visited a church

St Mary's Church which we visited yesterday is very old

St Mary's Church, which we visited yesterday, is very old

Exercise 4: Rewrite each sentence so that the meaning stays the same.

1 People think that neither side wanted war

4 People consider that one in three bathing beaches is unfit for swimming

One in three bathing beaches

5 At least 130,000 dolphins are reported to be caught in the nets of tuna fishers every year

It is

6 It is estimated that in the past 15 years about 10 million dolphins have been killed About 10 million dolphins

7 In ancient Greece people thought dolphins were men who had abandoned life on land.

In ancient Greece it

8 In ancient Rome it was believed that dolphins carried souls to heaven

In ancient Rome dolphins

9 People say that the company invested fifty million pounds last week

6 "Don't play on the grass, boys," she said

→ She told the boys

7 "Where have you spent your money?" she asked him.

→ She asked him

8 "I never make mistakes," he said

→ He said

9 "Does she know Robert?" he wanted to know

→ He wanted to know

10 "Don't try this at home," the stuntman told the audience

→ The stuntman advised the audience

Exercise 6: Rewrite the following sentences using words provided in baskets.

1 “Don’t forget to buy milk!” said Antonio to Lucia (remind, using infinitive)

Exercise 7: Complete the following conditionals with the correct form of verbs in basket

1.a She will take care of the children for us next weekend because her business trip was

canceled

1.b But, she (take, not) care of the children for us next weekend if her business trip (be, not) canceled

2.a Tom is not going to come to dinner tomorrow because you insulted him yesterday

2.b But, he (come) if you (insult) him

3.a Marie is unhappy because she gave up her career when she got married

3.b But, Marie (be) happy if she (give, not) up her career when she got married

4.a Dr Mercer decided not to accept the research grant at Harvard because he is going to take six months off to spend more time with his family

4.b But, Dr Mercer (accept) the research grant at Harvard if he (take, not) six months off to spend more time with his family

5.a Professor Schmitz talked so much about the Maasai tribe because she is an expert on Africantribal groups

5.b But, Professor Schmitz (talk, not) so much about the Maasai tribe if she (be, not) an expert on African tribal groups

Exercise 8: Reading comprehension

READING PASSAGE 1:

JOHNSON’S DICTIONARY

For the century before Johnson’s Dictionary was published in 1775, there had beenconcern about the state of the English language There was no standard way of speaking orwriting and no agreement as to the best way of bringing some order to the chaos of Englishspelling Dr Johnson provided the solution

There had, of course, been dictionaries in the past, the first of these being a little book of

120 pages, compiled by a certain Robert Cawdray, published in 1604 under the title “A Table Alphabetical “of hard usual English wordes” Like the previous dictionaries that came after it

during the seventeenth century, Cawdray’s tended to concentrate on “scholarly” words: onefunction of the dictionary was to enable its student to convey an impression of fine learning

Beyond the practical need to make order out of chaos, the rise of dictionaries isassociated with the rise of the English middle class, who were anxious to define andcircumscribe the various worlds to conquer- lexical as well as social and commercial It is highlyappropriate that Dr Samuel Johnson, the very model of an eighteenth century literary man, as

famous in his own time as in ours, would have published his Dictionary at the very beginning of

the heyday of the middle class

Johnson was a poet and critic who raised common sense to the height of genius Hisapproach to the problems that had worried writers throughout the late seventeenth and earlyeighteenth centuries was intensely practical Up until his time, the task of producing a dictionary

on such a large scale seemed impossible without the establishment of an academy to makedecisions about right and wrong usage Johnson decided he did not need an academy to settlearguments about language; he would write a dictionary himself; and he would do it single-

handed Johnson signed the contract for the Dictionary with the bookseller Robert Dosley at a

breakfast held at the Golden Anchor Inn near Holborn Bar on 18 June 1764 He was to be paid1,575 pounds in installments, and from this he took money to rent 17 Gough Square, in which heset up his “Dictionary workshop”

James Boswell, his biographer, described the garret where Johnson worked as “fitted uplike a counting house” with a long desk running down the middle at which the copying clerkswould work standing up Johnson himself was stationed on a rickety chair at an “old crazy dealtable” surrounded by a chaos of borrowed books He was also helped by six assistants, two of

whom died whilst the Dictionary was still in preparation.

The work is immense; filling about eighty large notebooks (and without a library tohand) Johnson wrote the definition of over 40,000 words, and illustrated their many meaningswith some 114,000 quotations drawn from English writing on every subject, from theElizabethans to his own time He did not expect to achieve complete originality Working to adeadline, he had to draw on the best of all previous dictionaries, and to make his work one ofheroic synthesis In fact, it was very much more Unlike his predecessors, Johnson treatedEnglish very practically, as a living language, with many different shades of meaning Headopted his definitions on the principle of English common law- according to precedent After

its publication, his Dictionary was not seriously rivaled for over a century.

After many vicissitudes the Dictionary was finally published on 15 April 1575 It was

instantly recognized as a landmark throughout Europe “This very noble work”, wrote theleading Italian lexicographer “will be a perpetual monument of Fame to the Author, an Honor tohis own country in particular, and a general belief to the republic of letters throughout Europe.”The fact that Johnson had taken on the Academies of Europe and matched them (everyone knewthat forty French academics had taken forty years to produce the first French national dictionary)was cause for much English celebration

Johnson had worked for nine years, “with little assistance of the learned, and without anypatronage of the great; not in the soft obscurities of retirement, or under the shelter of academicbowers, but amidst inconvenience and distraction, in sickness and in sorrow.” For all its faultsand eccentricities his two- volume work is a masterpiece and a landmark, in his own words,

“setting the orthography, displaying the analogy, regulating the structures, and ascertaining thesignifications of English words.” It is the cornerstone of Standard English, an achievementwhich, in James Bowel’s words, “conferred stability on the language of his country”

The Dictionary, together with his other writing, made Johnson famous and so well

esteemed that his friends were able to prevail upon King George III to offer him a pension Fromthen on, he was to become the Johnson of folklore

Questions 1-3

Choose THREE letters A_H.

Write your answers in boxes 1-3 on your answer sheet.

NB Your answers may be given in any order.

Which THREE of the following statements are true of Johnson’s Dictionary?

A It avoided all scholarly words

B It was the only English dictionary in general use for 200 years

C It was famous because of the large number of people involved

D It focused mainly on language from contemporary texts

E There was a time limit for its completion

F It ignored work done by previous dictionary writers

G It took into account subtleties of meaning

H Its definitions were famous for their originality