Tài liệu về danh từ, đại từ và mạo từ (13)

Dùng the khi danh t đó là duy nh t The sun The moon The world The earth The universe The North Pole 3.. Dãy núi The Hymalayas, The Rocky mountains/ the Rockies The Andes, The Alps  Khô

I TYPES OF ARTICLES (Các lo i m o t )

- Definite articles (m o t xác đ nh): A/ AN

- Indefinite articles (m o t không xác đ nh): THE

- Zero articles (không dùng m o t )

II HOW TO USE “A/AN”

1 Vowel sounds or consonant sounds?

A: Dùng A tr c t b t đ u ph âm b ng ph âm, t ng đ ng v i các ch cái B, C, D, G, J, K, P, Q, T,

U, V, W, Y, Z

AN: Dùng AN tr c t b t đ u b ng âm nguyên âm, t ng đ ng v i các ch cái A, E, F, H, I, L, M, N,

O, R, S, X

Các ch s c ng đ c coi là danh t , vì v y c ng c n A/ AN tr c

A: đ ng tr c: one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, nine, ten, twelve…

AN: đ ng tr c: eight, eleven, eighteen, eighty

E.g.: an MP, an FBI agent, a FIFA official, a NATO general

2 Dùng A/ AN tr c các t

a university, a European, a one-parent family

an umbrella, an elephant, an apple

bao g m c t b t đ u b ng h câm

an hour, an honest child

3 Dùng a/ an v i danh t đ m đ c s ít

We had a great lesson yesterday

4 Th nh tho ng có th dung a/ an ho c one

 We’ve been here for a/one year

 Wait here for one/a minute, and I’ll be with you

Trong tr ng h p này, dùng one đ nh n m nh h n v con s

Dùng a/an (ch không dùng one) các c m t nh :

There times a year half an hour a quarter of an hour a day or so

5 Dùng a thay vì one trong m u câu v i a of v i đ i t s h u

He’s a friend of mine

That’s a friend of Bill’s

6 Dùng one thay vì a/an n u chúng ta mu n nh n m nh r ng chúng ta ch nói v m t v t ho c m t

ng i/ mu n nh n m nh v s l ng

Do you want one sandwich or two?

7 Dùng one ch không dùng a v i c u trúc one other/ another

 Body language differs from one culture to another

M O T

(TÀI LI U BÀI GI NG) Giáo viên: NGUY T CA

ây là tài li u đi kèm v i Bài 3 M o t thu c khóa h c Luy n thi Qu c gia PEN-C: Môn Ti ng Anh

(Cô Nguy t Ca) thu c Hocmai.vn có th n m v ng ki n th c liên quan, B n c n k t h p xem tài

li u cùng bài gi ng này

 Close one eye and then the other

III HOW TO USE “THE”

1 Dùng the tr c so sánh b c nh t

This is the best film that I’ve ever seen

2 Dùng the khi danh t đó là duy nh t

The sun

The moon

The world

The earth

The universe

The North Pole

3 Dùng a khi danh t đ c đ c p đ n l n đ u tiên, sau đó dùng the khi ng i nghe ho c ng i đ c

bi t chúng ta mu n nói đ n danh t nào

Pete’s just bought a house in Alton Street The house has a big garden

4 V i danh t nói chung nh sau:

The atmosphere the future the past

Tuy nhiên, dùng a/an khi chúng ta mu n nói v m t ví d c th c a nh ng danh t này

 What are your plans for the future? = K ho ch t ng lai c a b n là gì?

 She dreamt of a future where she could spend more time painting (Cô y m v m t t ng lai mà cô

y có th dành nhi u th i gian đ v )

5 Dùng v i các đ a danh nh sau:

a Bi n/ đ i d ng

The Atlantic (Ocean)

The Pacific (Ocean)

The Indian Ocean

The Mediterranean (Sea)

The Red Sea

b Sông/ kênh đào

The Rhine

The Thames

The Nile

The Amazon

The Mississipi

The English channel

The Suez Canal

The Panama Canal

c Dãy núi

The Hymalayas, The Rocky mountains/ the Rockies

The Andes, The Alps

 Không dùng v i các ng n núi riêng r

(Mount) Everest (Mount) Fuji (Mount) Etna

Kilimanjaro Showdon Table Mountain

Ngo i tr

The Majei (La majei)

d Nhóm đ o

The West Indies, The British Isles, The Bahamas

The Canaries, The Canary Islands, The Virgin Islands

 Không dùng the v i các đ o riêng l

Scicily , Easter Island, Corfu, Bermuda

e Sa m c

The Sahara

f Khách s n

The Grand Hotel, the Hilton Hotel, the Sheraton Hotel

g R p chi u phim/ nhà hát

The Odeon, The playhouse The National Theater, The Quad, The Shubert Theater

h B o tàng

The British museum the Metropolitan Museum

The Louvre the National Gallery

i Nhà hàng

Không dùng the v i nhà hàng, c a hi u l y tên c a ng i ch và th ng có t n cùng là s ho c „s

 “Where did you buy that hat?” “At Marcy‟s” (the Macy‟s)

 We are going to have dinner at Mama Leone‟s (the Mama Leone‟s)

j Tên các tòa nhà

The Washington Monument, The Empire State Building

k Vùng, mi n

The Middle East the Far East

The North of France the West of Canada

* northen France (the northen France)

Western Canada (the Western Canada)

l Dùng the v i các đ a danh có of

The Museum of Modern Art

The University of Southern California

The Great Wall of China

The Tower of London

m Các lo i đ a danh khác: coats, swamps, collections of lakes, bridges, pagodas, institutes, or

extraordinary works of art or architecture

The Mona Lisa

The Colosseum

n THE + tên qu c gia có

 G m nhi u ph n/ s nhi u: the Philippines, The Netherlands, The Great Britain

 V ng qu c (kingdom): United Kingdom

 N c c ng hòa (Republic): the Czech Republic, the Dominican Republic

 G m nhi u bang (State): the United States

6 THE + các t ch tr t t / th t

"the first", "the second", "the third", "the next", "the last", "the previous", "the following", "the

penultimate", etc

7 THE + a singular noun (making generalizations about certain topics)

- musical instruments (the piano, the guitar, the flute)

- plants (the coconut palm, the saguaro, the baobab)

- animals (the leopard, the elephant, the lowland gorilla)

- inventions (the steam engine, the plane, the light bulb)

- currencies (the dollar, the euro, the yen)

- body parts (the head, the eye, the ear)

Examples:

- I play the piano

- The sequoia tree is native to California

- The dolphin is a very intelligent animal

- The Wright brothers invented the airplane

- Right now, the euro is stronger than the dollar

- Cheryl got poked in the eye

8 THE + m t s b nh

Generally, articles are not used with the names of illnesses or diseases

Examples:

- Dr Smith visits schools and universities to educate students on AIDS

- Oncologists are doctors who specialize in treating cancer

- There are several medications that can be used to treat malaria

HOWEVER: There are some illnesses which require THE

- the measles

- the flu

- the mumps

- the bubonic plague

9 THE + tên dòng h

THE can be used with plural family names to refer to the family as a group

Examples:

- The Robinsons love to vacation in Florida

- The Shinoharas are originally from Japan

- My brother lives next door to the Jacksons

10 THE + m t tính t

THE can be combined with certain adjectives to refer to a group of people such as "the blind", "the

elderly", "the rich", "the French", "the Sioux", etc

Examples:

- He is elderly ADJECTIVE

- The organization helps the elderly ELDERLY PEOPLE

REMEMBER: This is especially important in situations where nationalities or ethnic groups and their languages might be confused In such situations, THE is used to specify that we are talking about the nationality or ethnic group rather than the language

Examples:

- I like French LANGUAGE

- I like the French THE FRENCH PEOPLE

8 THE + time expression

Time expressions can be especially confusing THE is used in some time expressions such as:

- in the morning

- in the afternoon

- in the evening

- during the night

- during the day

- the day before yesterday

- the day after tomorrow

- the fall

- the summer

IV HOW TO USE “ZERO ARTICLES”

Không dùng m o t trong các tr ng h p sau:

1 Tên l c đ a

2 Tên n c, ti u bang

* Tên các thành ph

Cairo, NewYork, London

* The Hague ( Hà Lan)

3 Tên h

Lake Michigan Lake Victoria Lake Superior

4 Các tòa nhà công c ng

Oxford University (the Oxford University) Boston University

Hull Station (the Hull Station)

Salisbury Cathedral (the Salisbury Cathedral)

Kennedy Airport Pearson International Airport

Penn Station Buckingham Palace Hyde Park

* the White House the Royal Palace

5 Tên các t t p chí

New Sientist

L u ý: Tên các t báo luôn có the

The Times The Washington Post

6 Tên ngân hàng

First Interstate Bank Citibank Western bank

7 Tên đ ng ph , đ i l , qu ng tr ng

New Street Fifth Avenue Broadway

Wilshire Boulevard Red Square Piccadilly Circus

8 các c m t sau

To/at/from school, college, church, work

At/ from house

To/ in (to)/ out of hospital, prison, bed

To/ in (to)/ from town\

On holiday at Christmas at Easter

In spring/ summer (in the spring/ summer)

At night/ noon by car/ bus/ train/ plane

On foot on Monday/ Tuesday

At/ after breakfast/ lunch/ dinner

All day all night all week all year

All winter all summer

Giáo viên: Nguy t Ca Ngu n : Hocmai.vn