tổng hợp từ vựng tiếng anh 2017 (4)

ONOMATOPOEIC: - Onomatopoeic words are those which seem to sound like their meaning.. gr- at the beginning of a word can suggest something unpleasant or miserable không vui/ khổ sở • g

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[Truy cập tab Tiếng Anh – Khóa: Từ vựng]

1 WORDS’ ORIGINS:

- From people and places

- From other languages

a From people:

 biro: [bút bi] named after Laszlo Biro, its Hungarian inventor

 mentor: [cố vấn thông thái] from Mentor, friend to Odysseus

 chauvinist: [chủ nghĩa dân tộc cực đoan] after the Frenchman, Nicolas Chauvin, who was

fanatically devoted to Napoleon

 hooligan: [du côn, lưu manh] from the Irish family name, Hooligan

 saxophone: [kèn sắc-xô-phôn] invented by the Belgian, Adolphe Sax

 tawdry: [loè loẹt, rẻ tiền] from St Audrey, at whose annual fair in the town of Ely, near

Cambridge, cheap gaudy scarves were sold

 watt: [đơn vị đo công suất điện] from the 18th century Scottish inventor, James Watt

b From places:

 bedlam: [cảnh hỗn loạn] from the name of a famous London mental hospital once situated

where Liverpool Street Station now stands

 spartan: [khổ hạnh] from the ancient Greek city of Sparta, famed for its austerity

 canter: [bước đi thong thả của ngựa] a shortening of Canterbury, a town in south-east

England

 gypsy: [người gypsy] These people were once thought to have come from Egypt, hence the

name

c From other languages:

 From Japanese, tycoon, karate, origami, judo, futon and bonsai

 From Arabic, mattress, cipher, alcove, carafe, algebra, harem, mufti and yashmak

 From Turkish, yoghurt, jackal, kiosk, bosh [nonsense (colloquial)], tulip and caftan;

 From Farsi, caravan, shawl, taffeta, bazaar and sherbet

 From Eskimo, kayak, igloo and anorak

 From French, fiancé, fiancée

2 ONOMATOPOEIC:

- Onomatopoeic words are those which seem to sound like their meaning

- The most obvious examples are verbs relating to the noises which animals make

Examples:

- cows : moo

- cats: mew or meow

a gr- at the beginning of a word can suggest something unpleasant or miserable (không vui/ khổ sở)

• groan[make a deep sound forced out by pain or despair](rên rỉ)

• grumble [complain in a bad- tempered way](càu nhàu)

WORD FORMATION 4

• grunt [make a low, rough sound like pigs do, or people expressing disagreement or

boredom](ủn ỉn/ càu nhàu)

• growl [make a low, threatening sound] (gầm gừ)

b cl- at the beginning of a word can suggest st sharp and/or metallic

 click (lách cách)

 clang (lanh lảnh –tiếng chuông)

 clank [make a dull metallic noise, not as loud as a clang|(lách cách)

 clash [make a loud, broken, confused noise of metal objects striking together](loảng xoảng)

 clink [make the sound of small bits of metal or glass knocking together](leng keng)

 Horses go clip-clop(lộc cộc) on the road

c ash- at the end of a word can suggest something fast and violent

 smash [break violently into small pieces] (loảng xoảng)

 dash [move or be moved violently] (chạy vào/ vỗ mạnh)

 crash [strike suddenly violently and noisily] (vỡ loảng xoảng)

 bash [strike heavily so as to break or injure](đạp mạnh, làm vỡ, bị thương)

 gash [a long deep cut or wound] (vếch rạch dài và sâu)

d wh- at the beginning of a worci often suggests the movement of air

 whistle [a high pitched noise made by forcing air or steam through a small opening](huýt sáo)

 whirr [sound like a bird’s wings moving rapidly] (kêu vù vù, vo vo)

 whizz [make the sound of something rushing through air](rít, vèo)

 wheeze [breathe noisily especially with a whistling sound in the chest] (thở khò khè)

 whip [one of these or to hit with one of these] (kêu vun vút)

e —ckle, —ggle, or -zzle at the end of a word => light and repeated things

 trickle[to flow in a thin stream](róc rách)

 crackle [make a series of short cracking sounds] (nổ lép bép)

 tinkle [make a succession of light ringing sounds] (kêu leng keng)

 giggle [laugh lightly in a nervous or silly way] (cười khúc khích)

 wriggle [move with quick short twistings] (bò, vặn vẹo)

 sizzle [make a hissing sound like something cooking in fat] (kêu xèo xèo)

 drizzle [small, fine rain] (mưa lất phất)

3 HOMONYMS:

- Homonyms: homographs and homophones

- Homographs are words which are written in the same way but have different meanings bow in ‘He took a bow /baʊ/ at the end of the concert’ AND ‘He was wearing a bow /bəʊ/ tie’

- Homophones are words which are pronounced in the same way but are spelt differently

bow as in ‘He took a bow’ AND bough, ‘the bough of a tree’

a Homograph:

 I live in the north of England /liv/

 Your favourite pop star is singing live on TV tonight /laiv/

 I read in bed each night /ri:d/

 I read War and Peace last year /red/

 The lead singer in the group is great /li:d/

 Lead pipes are dangerous /led/

 The wind blew the tree down /wind/

 Don’t forget to wind your watch /waind/ (lên dây đồng hồ) -> wound

 I wound my watch last night /waʊnd /

 He suffered a terrible wound in the war /wu:nd/

 This book is called English Vocabulary in Use /ju:s/

 You must know how to use words as well as their meaning /ju:z/

 They lived in a large old house /haʊs/

 The buildings house a library and two concert halls as well as a theatre /haʊz/

 I bathed the baby this morning /bɑːθt/

 We bathed in the sea every day when we were on holiday /beɪðd/

b Homophone:

 Pray vs prey

 Right vs write

 Tire vs tyre

 Weather vs whether

 Aloud vs alowed

 Flu vs flew

 Our vs hour

 Sale vs sail

 Scene vs seen

 Know vs no

 Wait vs weight

 Through vs threw

4 BLENDING:

- Process of blending involves joining two words together by taking parts of both words and combining the parts into a new whole

- The result of this process known as blend

Example:

- Breakfast + lunch = BRUNCH

- Motor + hotel = MOTEL

- Smoke + fog = SMOG

- Urine + analysis = URINALYSIS

5 CLIPPING:

- Process of clipping involves cutting off the beginning or the end of a word, or both, leaving a part to stand as a whole

- The result of this process called clipped words

Example:

- Professor => PROF

- Influenza => FLU

- Mathematics => MATHS

- Laboratory => LAB

- Cafeteria => CAFÉ

6 ACRONYM:

- Acronym is the process whereby a word is formed from the initial segments of words,

or by combining initial letters or parts of series of words, that are pronounced as the spelling indicates

- The result of this process known as acronym

Example:

- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization => UNESCO

- United Nations International Children Enmergency Fund => UNICEF

- Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome=> AIDS