Tiết 4 nâng cao cấu tạo từ và từ loại

WORD LIST 1 Responsible Adj + for sth + to sb/sth Irresponsible Adj Responsibility N Irresponsibility N Chịu trách nhiệm Vô trách nhiệm Sự trách nhiệm Sự vô trách nhiệm A drunk man cann

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WORD LIST

1 Responsible

(Adj)

+ for sth

+ to sb/sth

Irresponsible

(Adj)

Responsibility

(N)

Irresponsibility

(N)

Chịu trách nhiệm

Vô trách nhiệm

Sự trách nhiệm

Sự vô trách nhiệm

A drunk man cannot be held fully

responsible for his actions

Tom is an irresponsible person

Women bear children and take

responsibility for childcare

They thought that the explosion was an

act of irresponsibility

2 Special (Adj)

Specially (Adv)

Speciality (N)

Specialist (N-p)

Specialize (V) +

in

Đặc biệt Đặc biệt

Nét đặc trưng,

chuyên môn Chuyên gia Chuyên về

She’s a very special person

She has a wheelchair that was specially

made for her

Unkind remarks are one of his

specialities

My doctor has referred me to a

specialist for a second opinion on the

results of my blood test

That restaurant specializes in seafood

TIẾT 4: NÂNG CAO CẤU TẠO TỪ - TỪ LOẠI

(Word formation – Parts of speech)

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Specialization

(N)

Sự chuyên môn hóa The lawyer said that he was unable to

help us because our case fell outside his

specialization

Eat (V)

Edible (Adj/N)

Eatable (Adj)

Eater (N-p)

Ăn

Có thể ăn được

(không độc)/

Thức ăn (số nhiều)

Ăn được Người ăn

Jane never eats breakfast

Only the leaves of the plant are edible

Food that is eatable is good enough to

eat, but not excellent

I’m still a big eater

Person (N)

Số nhiều: People

Personal (Adj)

Personally (Adv)

Personalize (V)

Con người

Cá nhân, riêng tư Đích thân

Cá nhân hóa

Who was the first person to swim the

English Channel?

The book describes his sporting career and gives little information about his

personal life Personally, I think the show is going to

be a great success

I don't want to personalize the issue

approve (V) + of

approval (N)

disapprove (V) +

of

disapproval (N)

Tán thành, chấp thuận

Sự tán thành, sự chấp thuận Phản đối

Sự không tán thành,

sự phản đối

He doesn't approve of smoking

He showed his approval by smiling

broadly

I strongly disapprove of underage

drinking

Although they said nothing, she could sense their disapproval of her suggestion

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3

compare (V)

+ with/to

comparison (N)

comparable (Adj)

comparative

(Adj)

comparatively

(Adv)

in comparison

with

So sánh

Sự so sánh

Có thể so sánh

So sánh, tương đối Tương đối

So sánh với

This road is quite busy compared to

ours

They made a comparison of different

countries' eating habits The two experiences aren't

comparable

"Fatter" is the comparative of "fat" Inflation was comparatively low

In comparison with the French, the

British eat far less fish

frequent (Adj)

frequency (N)

infrequent (Adj)

infrequency (N)

Thường xuyên

Tính thường xuyên

Không thường xuyên, hiếm khi

xảy ra

Sự không thường xuyên, sự hiếm khi xảy ra

The most frequent cause of death is

heart disease

Complaints about the frequency of

buses rose in the last year

His letters became infrequent, then

stopped completely

She did notice and comment on the

infrequency of our visits

history (N) Lịch sử

Có tính chất

I studied modern European history at

college

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historic (Adj)

historical (Adj)

historically (Adv)

lịch sử

Thuộc lịch

sử

Về mặt lịch

sử

How many historic buildings are

damaged by fire each year?

Many important historical documents

were destroyed when the library was bombed

The film makes no attempt to be

historically accurate

confident (Adj)

confidence (N)

confidential (Adj)

confidentiality

(N)

confide in sb

self – confident

(Adj)

Tự tin, tin cậy,

chắc chắn

Sự tự tin, sự tin cậy

Bí mật, riêng tư

Sự cẩn mật,

sự tin cẩn Giãi bày tâm sự, đủ tin để kể bí mật

Tự tin về bản thân

I'm confident of his skills as a manager

She's completely lacking in confidence

A person's medical records are

confidential

All replies will be treated with complete

confidentiality

He confided that his hair was not his

own

He is self-confident anywhere he goes

recognize (V)

recognizable

(Adj)

recognition (N)

unrecognizable

(Adj)

Nhận ra, thừa nhận

Có thể nhận

ra,

có thể thừa nhận

Sự nhận ra,

sự thừa nhận

I hadn't seen her for 20 years, but I

recognized her immediately

The Eiffel Tower in Paris is an instantly

recognizable landmark

His work was slow to gain recognition

His voice was muffled by his collar and

unrecognizable

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5

Không thể nhận ra, Không thể thừa nhận

Qualify (V)

+for

Qualified (Adj)

Unqualified (Adj)

Disqualified (V)

+from

Qualification (N)

Đủ tư cách,

đủ khả năng

Đủ tư cách,

đủ khả năng Không đủ tư cách,

không đủ trình độ Loại ra, làm cho

không đủ tư cách

Phẩm chất, năng lực

This course qualifies you to teach in

any secondary school

What makes you think that you are

qualified for this job?

I feel unqualified to speak on the

subject

He's been disqualified from driving for

a year

You'll never get a good job if you don't

have any qualifications

Mystery (N)

Mysterious (Adj)

Mystify (V)

Điều bí ẩn, huyền bí Thần bí, huyền bí

Ra vẻ bí ẩn, khó hiểu

The mystery was solved when the

police discovered the murder weapon His colleague had vanished in

mysterious Circumstances

I was mystified by her decision

Waste (adj) Vô giá trị, What a complete waste of time!

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( N )

( V )

Wasteful (Adj)

Wastefully (Adv)

Waste basket (N)

bỏ đi Rác thải,

sự lãng phí Lãng phí, uổng phí Hoang phí Hoang phí

Thùng rác

Oil spills are common, as is the

dumping of toxic industrial wastes

It's wasteful the way you throw so

much food away!

Energy and water are used much more

wastefully than if these resources were

priced properly

Every room has a waste basket

Origin (N)

Original (Adj)

Originally (Adv)

Originality (N)

Nguồn gốc, lai lịch

Thuộc nguyên bản, độc đáo Một cách độc đáo, đầu tiên Tính nguồn gốc,

tính độc đáo

It's a book about the origin of the

universe

The gardens have recently been

restored to their original glory

Originally it was a bedroom, but we

turned it into a study

We were impressed by the originality

of the children's work

Vary (V)

Variable (Adj)

Various (Adj)

Variety (N)

Thay đổi, biến đổi

Có thể thay đổi

được Khác nhau, thuộc

về nhiều

The samples varied in quality but were

generally acceptable

British weather is perhaps at its most

variable in the spring

We had various problems on our

journey, including a flat tyre

I like almost every variety of cheese

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7

loại

Sự đa dạng

hard (Adj)

( Adv)

hard – working

(Adj)

hardship (N)

harden (V)

Cứng rắn, khắc

nghiệt, khó khăn

Khắc nghiệt, hết sức cố gắng

Làm việc chăm chỉ, tích cực

Sự gian khổ Làm cho cứng lại

Heating the clay makes it hard

It had been raining hard most of the

afternoon

She was always very hard-working at

school

It can be a sign of financial hardship to

come

The mixture hardens as it cools

know (V)

knowledge (N)

knowledgeable

(Adj)

well – known

(Adj)

knowingly (Adv)

Biết, hiểu biết

Sự nhận biết,

tri thức Thông thạo Nổi tiếng

Cố ý, chủ tâm

I don't know anything about this

Her knowledge of English grammar is

very extensive

He's very knowledgeable about German literature

The restaurant is well-known for its

friendly atmosphere and excellent service

I've never knowingly offended him

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conceive (V)

concept (N)

conception (N)

misconception

(N)

conceptual (Adj)

conceivable (Adj)

Diễn đạt, nhận

thức, tưởng tượng

Khái niệm

Quan niệm, nhận thức

Sự hiểu sai,

sự nhận thức sai Thuộc nhận thức,

thuộc quan điểm

Có thể nhận thức được,

có thể tưởng tượng được

He couldn't conceive of a time when he

would have no job

It is very difficult to define the concept

of beauty

People from different cultures have

different conceptions of the world

We hope our work will help to change

popular misconceptions about disabled

people

The main weakness of the proposal is

conceptual

Books on every conceivable subject

lined one wall

occupy (V)

occupied (Adj)

unoccupied (Adj)

preoccupy (V)

occupation (N)

occupational

(Adj)

Chiếm đóng, chiếm giữ

Đang sử dụng,

bận rộn, kín (người) Nhàn rỗi, bỏ không

Chiếm trước,

ám ảnh

The rest of the time was occupied with

writing a report

This table is already occupied

Are there any unoccupied seats in that

row?

Economic concerns are preoccupying

the voters in this election

He missed the bell in his occupation

with the computer game

Back problems are an occupational

hazard for any desk-bound office

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9

Sự chiếm đóng,

công việc Thuộc nghề nghiệp

worker

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Supply the correct form of the word in parentheses

1 The judge told him it was _ to drink and drive and banned him for a year

2 Most doctors are _ after they learn general medicine

3 Peter’s gained so much weight because he can’t stop _

4 The sun and the moon are often _ in poetry

5 The work is still at very _ level

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6 She wants to be an actress but her parents _ of her intention

7 In the Middle Ages, salt was very valuable so that slaves were _ with it

8 The _ of the trains and the buses cause frustration and annoyance

9 It is usually forbidden to destroy _ buildings

10 This matter is very _ Don’t discuss it outside the office

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PART FIVE: WORD FORM

Supply the correct word form

11 I didn’t know who she was with a mask on She was completely _

12 I felt _ to speak on the subject In fact, I could have done it perfectly

13 They were totally by the girl’s disappearance (MYSTERY)

14 They are an incredibly _ family You should see how much food they throw away

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13

15 To be successful, an artist must show great _ (ORIGIN)

PART FOUR: VOCABULARY

Supply the correct forms of the words in brackets

16 He goes to the pub before lunch on Sunday

17 The judge described John as a “ criminal” who was a danger to members of the public

18 The flowers are a small _ of your great kindness

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19 The idea that the sun “rises” is a popular _

20 You look rather Are you worried about something?

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