• Khac sau dugc nhiing tinh chat vat li, tinh chSt hoa hoc, bilt nhung ling dung va phuang phap dieu che cac loai hgp chat hiru ca trong chuang trinh hoa hgc lap 11.. Ddt chay hoan toan
Trang 1CAO CM GIAC (Chii bi^n)
Thiet ke bdi giang
Trang 2TS CAO CU" GlAC (Chu bi^n) - ThS H 6 THANH THUY
THI£T K£ BAI GIANG
T ^ P M ^
NHA XUAT BAN HA NOI
Trang 3J-cfi noi dau
Di hd trg cho viec dgy - hoc mon Hod hoc 12 theo chuang trinh sdch gido khoa (SGK) mai dp dung tic ndm hoc 2008 - 2009, chung tdi biin
sogn cuon Thiit ki bdi gidng Hod hgc 12 tap 1, 2 Sdch giai thieu cdch
thiet ki bdi gidng theo tinh thdn ddi mai phucmg phdp dgy hoc nhdm phdt huy tinh tich cue nhdn thuc ciia hoc sinh (HS)
Ve ngi dung: Sdch bdm sdt ngi dung SGK Hod hoc 12 theo chuang trinh chudn cua Bo Gido due vd Ddo tgo ban hdnh O mdi tiit dgy diu chi ro muc tieu ve kien thicc, ki ndng, thdi do, cdc cdng viec cdn chudn bi cita gido viin (GV) vd hoc sinh (HS), cdc phuang tiin trg gidng cdn thiit nhdm dam bdo chdt lugng timg bdi, tiing tiet lin lap Ngodi ra sdch cdn
ma rgng, bo sung thim mot sd ngi dung liin quan den bdi gidng bdng nhieu hogt do/ig nhdm cung cdp them tu lieu de cdc thdy, co gido tham khdo, van dung tuy theo doi tugng vd muc dich dgy hoc
Ve phucmg phdp dgy - hoc: Sdch duac trien khai theo huang tich cue hod hogt dong cua HS, lay ca sd cua mdi hogt dong Id nhicng viec lam cua HS dual su huang ddn, ggi ma cua thdy, cd gido Sdch ciing dua ra nhieu hlnh thicc hogt dong hdp ddn, phii hgp vai dgc trung mdn hoc nhu: thi nghiem, quan sdt vdt that hay md hlnh, thdo ludn, thuc hdnh, nhdm phdt huy tinh dgc lap, tu gidc ciia HS Ddc biit sdch rdt chii trong tai khdu thuc hdnh trong bdi hoc, dong tthai ciing chi ro tieng hogt dgng cu
the ciia GV vd HS trong mot tien trinlh DAY -HOC, coi day Id.hai hogt
dgng ciing nhau trong do cd HS vd GV deu Id chu the
Chung toi hi vong cuon sdch ndy se Id tdi lieu tham khdo hiru ich, gdp phdn ho trg cdc thdy, co gido dang tr.uc tiep gidng dgy mon Hod hoc 12 trdng viec ndng cao chdt lugng bdi gicing ciia minh Rdt mong nhgn dugc
y kien ddng gdp ciia cdc thdy, co gid'O vd bgn dgc gdn xa de cuon sdch dugc hodn thien hem
CAC TAC GlA
Trang 4ON TAP D A U N A M
A MUG TIEU BAI HOC
1 Ki§n thu'c
On tap he thong hoa kien thuc ve:
• Sir dien li, khai niem axit-baza, pH cua dung dich va phan ung trao d6i ion trong dung dich dien H, nhom nita-photpho, nhom cacbon-silic
• Cac khai niem: Chat huu ca, cong thiic va cku tnic phan tii, danh phap cac
hop chat hOxi ca, cac loai phan ling huu ca ca ban (phan ung thS, phan ling cong, phan ung tach ), dong dang, dong phan c4u tao va d6ng phan lap thg
• Hieu dugc moi quan he giiia cau tao ciia hgp ch4t hiru ca vai nhiing tinh chat vat li, tinh chat hoa hpc
• Khac sau dugc nhiing tinh chat vat li, tinh chSt hoa hoc, bilt nhung ling dung va phuang phap dieu che cac loai hgp chat hiru ca trong chuang trinh hoa hgc lap 11
• Khac sau nhung quy tac, quy luat trong hoa huu ca nhu: Quy tac nhi-cop, quy tac the vao nhan tham, quy tac tach Zai-xep de chuan bj kien thiic nghien ciiu cac hgp chat hiiu ca phiic tap han (hoa hgc 12)
• Ren luyen kT nang giai bai tap xac dinh cong thiic phan tir cua hgp chat
3 Tinh cam, thai do
• Thong qua viec ren luyen tu duy bien chiing trong viec xet moi quan he nhan qua giira cdu tao va tinh chat cua chat, lam cho HS hung thu hgc tap
va yeu thich mon hoa hgc han
• Ren thai do lam viec khoa hgc, nghiem tiic
Trang 5B. C H U A N B! Q U A GVVA HS
• GV: May tinh, may chieu, he thong bai tap va cac cau hoi ggi y
• HS: On tap cac kien thiic thong qua boat dgng giai bai t ^
C TI^N TRJNH DAY - HOC
GV t6 chiic cac nhom HS thao luan cac ngi dung cin on tap a lop U duoi dang cac bai tap trac nghiem khach quan
2 Cho 9,6 gam Cu va 100ml dung dich hon hgp HNO3 1,5M va HCl 2M thi
sinh ra V lit NO (dktc) Gia tri cua V la
A 1,97 lit B 2,24 lit C 2,68 lit D 4,48 lit
Ddp dn B
3 Khang dinh nao sau day la diing?
A Chat dien ly la chat tan dugc trong nuac
B Do dien li a cang lan thi hang so can bang K cang tang va chat dien li cang manh
C Do dien li a cang lan khi dung dich chat dien li cang loang
D Trong dung dich chat dien li chi ton tai cac ion
Ddp dn C
4 Chat phai them vao dung dich nuac de lam pH thay doi tir 12 xuong 101a
A Nuac cat B Natri hidroxit
C Hidro clorua D Natri axetat
Ddp dn C
5 Khi CO can hoac pha loang dung dich:
A Nong do mol cac chat ti le thuan vai the tich
B Nong do mol cac chat ti le nghich vai the tich
C Khoi lugng chat tan va khoi lugng dung dich khong thay d6i
D Nong do cac chat khong thay doi
Ddp dn B
Trang 66 Doi vai dung dich axit yeu HNO2 0,1M neu bo qua sir dien li cua nuac thi danh gia nao sau day la diing?
10 Xac dinh pH cua dung dich CH3COOH 0,01M?
A pH = 2,0 B p H > 2 , 0 C pH < 2,0 D Khong xac dinh
Ddp dn B
11 Co cac dung dich dien li manh cimg nong do mol: NaHC03, NaOH, Na2C03, Ba(0H)2 Hay sap xep cac dung dich do theo chieu pH cua dung dich tang dan?
A NaHC03 < NaOH < Ba(0H)2 < Na2C03
B NaHCOs < Na2C03 < Ba(0H)2 < NaOH
C NaHC03 < Na2C03 < NaOH = Ba(0H)2
D NaHC03 < Na2C03 < NaOH < Ba(0H)2
Ddp dn D
12 Co bao nhieu gam KCIO3 tach ra khoi dung dich khi lam lanh 350 gam dung
dich KCIO3 bao hoa a 80"C xu6ng 20°C? Bilt do tan cua KCIO3 a 80°C va
20°C lan lugt la 40g/100g nuac va 8g/100g nuac
A 95 gam B 80 gam C 60 gam D 115 gam
Ddp dn B
Trang 713 Muoi nao sau day bi thiiy phan?
A.NH4CI B Ba(N03)2 C.CaCl2 D MgS04
Ddp dn A
14 Chat nao sau day la luang tinh?
A NaHS04, Na2C03, CHjCOONa
A Dung dich NaOH B Dung dich BaCh
C Dung djch NH3 D Dung dich H2SO4
Ddp dn D
17 Dung dich dien li dan dugc dien la do:
A Su chuyen dich cua cac electron
B Su chuyen dich cua cac cation
C Sir chuyen dich cua cac phan tir hoa tan
D Su chuyen djch cua cac ion
Ddp dn D
18 Phan img nao sau day tao ra dugc ket tua?
A FeS04 + KMn04 + H2SO4 -^ B Fe2(S04)3 + KI ^
C Fe(N03)3 + Fe ^ D Fe(N03)3 + KOH -^
Trang 820 Nhung chat nao sau day co thi t6n tai ddng thai trong mgt dung dich
A A\^\ Na^ K^ c r C03^' B Ba^^ CP K^ NO3", S04^"
C Na^ c r , H\ NO3", C03^" D Na^ NH4'' Ca^^ NO3" Cl"
A Do am dien cua cac nguyen to tang dan
B Ban kinh nguyen tir cua cac nguyen to giam dan
C Bitmut the hien tinh kim loai trgi han tinh phi kim
D Asen the hien tinh kim loai trgi han tinh phi kim
Ddp dn C
3 Trong cong nghiep khi nita dugc san xuat theo phuang phap nao sau day?
A Chung cat phan doan khong khi long
B Nhiet phan dung dich NH4NO2 bao hoa
C Diing photpho de dot chay oxi khong khi
D Cho khong khi di qua bgt dong nung nong
5 Thanh phan chinh co chiia P cua quang Apatit la
A Ca3(P04)2 B.NH4H2PO4 C Ca(H2P04)2 D CaHP04
Ddp dn A
Trang 96 Cho phuang trinh hoa hgc ciia phan ung tong hgp amoniac
N2 (k) + 3H2 (k) < '"'" > 2NH3 (k) Khi tang nong do ciia hidro len 2 lan, toe do phan ling thuan
A tang len 8 lan B tang len 6 lan
C tang len 2 lan D giam di 2 Idn
8 Khi thuc hien phan ling dot chay NH3 trong O2 co mat xac tac Pt a
850 - 900°C, phan irng nao sau day xay ra?
10 Kim loai Cu tan dugc trong dung dich nao sau day?
A dung dich NH3 B dung dich KNO3
C dung dich KNO3 + NH3 D dung dich KNO3 + HCl
Trang 1012 Cho khi NH3 vao nuac dung dich thu dugc la:
A NH4OH B NH4^NH3, OH"
C NH4OH, NH3 D NH4\NH40H, OH"
Ddp dn B
13 De dieu che HNO3 trong phong thi nghiem, cac hoa chat can sir dung la:
A Dung dich NaNOs va dung dich H2SO4 dac
B Tinh thi NaNOs va dung dich H2SO4 dac
C Dung dich NaN03 va dung dich HCl dac
D Tinh the NaNOs va dung dich HCl dac
Ddp dn B
14 De nhan biet ion P04^" trong dung dich muoi, nguai ta thuang dimg thuoc thii AgN03 bai vi:
A Phan iing tao khi mau nau
B Phan img tao dung dich c6 mau vang
C Phan ung tao ket tua co mau vang
D Phan iing tao khi khong mau hoa nau trong khong khi
Ddp dn C
15 Co 4 dung dich rieng biet AICI3, ZnCb, FeCh, CuCb N I U them dung dich KOH du roi them tilp dung dich NH3 du vao 4 dung dich tren thi so chat ket tua thu dugc la
17 Khi 1amlf>i nghiem vai photpho trang can chu y nao sau day
A Cam P trang bang tay co deo gang
B Tranh cho P trang tiep xiic vai nuac
C Co the de P tiing ngoai khong khi
Trang 11D Dimg cap gap nhanh mau P trang ra khoi Ig va ngam ngay vao chau dung nuac khi chua diing den
Ddp dn D
18 Phan ung nhiet phan khong dung la
A 2KNO3 ^ ^ 2KNO2 + O2 B NH4NO2 - ^ ^ N2 + 2H2O
C NH4CI - ^ NH3 + HCl D NaHC03 — ^ NaOH + CO2
Ddp dn D
19 Cho 0,1 mol P2O5 vao dung dich chira 0,35 mol KOH Dung dich thu dugc c6 cac chat:
A K3PO4, K2HPO4 B K2HPO4, KH2PO4
C K3PO4, KOH D H3PO4, KH2PO4
Ddp dn B
20 Nhiet phan hoan toan 34,65 gam hon hgp gom KNO3 va Cu(N03)2, thu dugc hon hgp khi X (ti khoi cua X so vai khi hidro bang 18,8) Khoi lugng Cu(N03)2 trong hon hgp ban dau la
A 20,50 gam B 11,28 gam C 9,40 gam D 8,60 gam
Ddp dn C
Hogt dgng 3
CACBON - SILIC
1 So oxi hoa cao nhat cua silic the hien a hgp chat nao sau day?
A SiO B Si02 C SiH4 D Mg2Si4
Ddp dn B
2 Dung dich A lam quy tim nga mau xanh, dung dich B khong lam doi mau quy
tim Trgn A va B thay xuat hien ket tua Hai dung dich A va B co the la
A NaOH va K2SO4 B NaOH va FeCb
C K2CO3 va Ba(N03)3 D Na2C03 va KNO3
Ddp dn C
3 Na2C03 lin tap chat NaHC03 Dung each nao sau day de loai bo tap chdt thu dugc Na2C03 tinh khilt?
A Hoa tan vao nuac roi lgc B Cho tac dung vai NaOH
C Cho tac dung vai HCl D Nung den khoi lugng khong d6i
Ddp dn D
Trang 124 Khi nao sau day gay cam giac chong mat, buon non khi sir dung bep than a
nai thilu khong khi?
A CO B CO2 C SO2 D H2S
Ddp dn A
5 De thu dugc CO2 tinh khiet tir phan img CaC03 vai dung dich HCl nguofi ta cho san pham khi di qua lan lugt cac binh nao sau day?
A NaOH va H2SO4 dac B H2SO4 dac va NaOH
C H2SO4 dac va NaHC03 D NaHC03 va H2SO4 dac
Ddp dn D
6 Loai than nao sau day dugc dimg de che tao thilt bi lgc nuac, lgc khi?
A Than chi B Than coc C Than hoat tinh D Than da
Ddp dn C
7 Phan iing nao sau day sai? •
A Si02 + 4HF -> SiF4 + 2H2O B Si02 + 4HC1 -^ SiCU + 2H2O
C Si02 + 2C — ^ Si + 2C0 D Si02 + 4Mg — ^ Si + 2MgO
Ddp dn B
8 Cho luong khi CO di qua ong dung 14,4 gam FeO nung nong Sau phan iing thay khoi lugng trong ong sii la 12 gam Phan tram FeO da bi khir la
A 80% B 60% C 55% D 75%
Ddp dn D
9 Nung 19,0 gam hon hgp X gom NaHC03, Na2C03 tai khoi lugng khong doi
thu dugc 15,9 gam chat ran So mol moi muoi trong X la
A 0,1 mol NaHC03 va 0,2 mol Na2C03
B 0,1 mol NaHC03 va 0,1 mol Na2C03
C 0,2 mol NaHC03 va 0,1 mol Na2C03
D 0,2 mol NaHC03 va 0,2 mol Na2C03
Ddp dn B
10 Mgt loai da voi chiia 80% CaC03 con lai la tap chdt tra Nung m gam da mgt
thai gian thu dugc chat rdn nang 0,78m gam Hieu sudt phan huy CaC03 la
A 78% B 37,8% C 75,9% D 62,5%
Ddp dn D
Trang 1311 Nghien thiiy linh thuang thanh bgt, r6i cho vao nuac cdt da co vai giot
phenolphtalein, thi nuac se co
A Mau tim B Mau xanh C Mau hdng D Mau do
A CO2 + Ca(0H)2 -^ CaC03i + H2O
B CaO + CO2 < > CaC03
C Ca(HC03)2 - ^ CaC03^ + C 0 2 t + H2O
D CaC03 + CO2 + H2O ( > Ca(HC03)2
A 0,10 mol B 0,01 mol C 0,05 mol D 0,5 mol
Ddp dn B
16 Hoa tan hoan toan 4 gam hon hgp MCO3 va RCO3 vao dung dich HCl thdy thoat ra V lit khi (dktc) Dung dich thu dugc dem co can thu dugc 5,1 gam muoi khan V co gia tri la
A 1,12 lit B 2,24 lit C 3,36 lit D 4,48 lit
Ddp dn B
Trang 1417 Tac nhan chu yeu gay mua axit la
A SO2 va NO2 B CH4 va NH3
C CO va CH4 D CO va CO2
Ddp dn A
18 Phan irng nao sau day khong xay ra?
A CO2 + dung dich Na2C03 -^ B CO2 + C ->
C CO2 + CaC03 + H2O -^ D CO2 + BaS04 + H2O -^
A Dang tinh the B Dang keo
C Dang vo dinh hinh D Dang long khong tan
Ddp dn B
Hogt dgng 4
DAI CUONG VE HOA HOC H C U CO
1 Hgp chat nao sau day la hgp chat hiiu ca?
A CH3CN B CaC2 ' C.NaN D HCN
Ddp dn A
2 Hgp chat Z co cong thiic dan gian nhat la CH3O va c6 ty khoi so vai hidro
bang 31,0 Cong thiic phan tir cua Z la
A CH3O B C2H6O2 C C2H6O D C3H9O3
Ddp dn B
3 Chat nao sau day chi co lien ket dan?
A CH4 B C2H4 C C6H6 D CH3COOH
Ddp dn A
4 Dong phan la nhiing chat:
A Co cung phan tir khoi
Trang 15B Co ciing cong thiic phan tir
C Co thanh phan phan tit ban kem nhau mgt s6 nhom CH2
D Co cau tao hoa hgc giong nhau
7 Oxi hoa hoan toan m gam mgt chdt hiiu ca A bdng CuO va cho hap thu toan
bg san phdm khi va hai vao mgt binh co chiia 0,5 lit dung dich Ca(0H)2 0,1 M thi thdy khIi lugng binh tang len 3,72 gam, co 4 gam kit tua va khoi lugng CuO giam 1,92 gam Gia tri m la
A 1,5 gam B 1,8 gam C 3,6 gam D 3,0 gam
Ddp dn B
8 Ket luan nao sau day la dung?
A Phan iing ciia cac chat him ca thuang xay ra rat nhanh
B Phan img ciia cac chat hiiu ca thuang xay ra rat cham va theo nhieu huang khac nhau
C Phan img cua cac chat hiiu ca thuang xay ra rat cham va chi theo mgt huang xac dinh
D Phan iing cua cac chat hiiu ca thuang xay ra nhanh va khong theo mgt huang xac dinh
Ddp dn B
9 Dau mo la mgt hon hgp nhieu hidrocacbon De co san pham nhu xang, dau hoa, mazut, trong nha may lgc dau da sir dung phuang phap tach nao?
A Chung cat thuang B Chung cdt phan doan
C Chung cat a ap suat thap D Chung cat loi cuon hai nuac
Ddp dn B
Trang 1610 Phuang phap chung cdt phan doan dimg dl tach cac chat?
A Co do tan trong nuac khac nhau
B Co khoi lugng mol khac nhau
C Co nhiet do soi xap xi nhau
D Co nhiet do soi each nhau
Ddp dn D
11 Phan tir nao sau day co cac nguyen tii cacbon nam tren ciing mgt duang thang
A Propan B Butan C Propen D Propin
A.C5H,2 B CsHio C.C5H8 D C6H,2
Ddp dn A
14 Ddt chay hoan toan 4,48 lit (dktc) CH4 sau do dan toan bg san pham chay vao binh dung nuac voi trong du thi khoi lugng dung dich trong binh:
A Tang 6 gam B Giam 4 gam
C Tang 4 gam D Giam 6 gam
Ddp dn B
15 D6t chay hoan toan 0,09 gam hgp chat chiia C, H, O cho 0,132 gam CO2 va 0,054 gam H2O Ti khoi hai cua chat nay so vai hidro bang 30 Cong thiic phan tir cua hgp chat la
A C3H8O B C2H4O2 C C2H6O D C4H8O2
Ddp dn B
Trang 1716 Chat nao sau day co nhiet do soi thdp nhdt?
A pentan B isopentan C neopentan D xiclopentan
Ddp dn C
17 Phan iing clo hoa metan c6 mat anh sang xay ra theo ca chi nao?
A Co che the goc B Ca chi cong hgp
C Ca che the nucleophin D Ca che the electrophin
Ddp dn A
18 Butan C4H10 co the co cac dang dong phan nao sau day?
A Dong phan cau tao ve nhom chirc
B Dong phan cau tao ve mach cacbon
C Dong phan cau tao ve vi tri nhom chirc
D Dong phan hinh hgc
B. SN2
[H2O]
0,01 0,01 0,02
Trang 18Khi crackinh hoan toan mgt thi tich ankan X thu dugc ba the tich hon hgp Y
(cac thi tich khi do a ciing dilu kien nhiet do va ap sudt); ti khoi cua Y so vai
H2 bang 12 Cong thiic phan tir ciia X la
Hidrocacbon mach ha X trong phan tir chi chiia lien kit a va co hai nguyen tir
cacbon bac ba trong mgt phan tir Dot chay hoan toan 1 thi tich X sinh ra 6 the tich CO2 (a cung dieu kien nhiet do, ap sudt) Khi cho X tac dung vai CI2 (theo ti le so mol 1: 1), so dan xuat monoclo toi da sinh ra la
A 3-metylpentan B butan
C 2,3-dimetylbutan D 2-metylpropan
Ddp dn C
Trang 198 Dot chay hoan toan mgt thi tich khi thien nhien g6m metan, etan, propan bdng oxi khong khi (trong khong khi, oxi chilm 20% thi tich), thu dugc 7,84 lit khi CO2 (a dktc) va 9,9 gam nuac Thi tich khong khi (a dktc) nho nhdt can diing de dot chay hoan toan lugng khi thien nhien tren la
A 84,0 lit B 78,4 lit C 56,0 lit D 70,0 lit
10 Crackinh 20 lit butan thu dugc 36 lit h6n hgp khi g6m C4H10, C2H4, C2H6,
C3H6, CH4 (cac khi do a cimg dilu kien) theo 2 phuang trinh
hoa hgc
C4H10 -» C2H4 + C2H6 C4H,o ^ CH4 + C3H6 Hieu suat qua trinh crac kinh la:
A CH4 B C3H8 C C2H6 D C4H10
Ddp dn B
13 Dot chay hoan toan hidrocacbon X bang mgt lugng oxi vira du San pham khi
va hai dugc ddn qua binh dung H2SO4 dac thi the tich giam han mgt nira X thuoc day dong dang nao?
A Ankan B Anken C Xicloankan D Ankin
Ddp an-A
Trang 2014 Hgp chat 2,3-dimetylbutan khi phan iing vai clo (anh sang) theo ty le mol 1:1 thu dugc bao nhieu san pham monoclo?
A.l B 2 C.3 D 4
Ddp dn B
15 Cho cac phat bieu sau:
a) Cac nguyen tir cacbon trong phan tir butan nam tren mgt duong thang b) Trong phan iing the cua metan vai clo, san phdm tao ra co ca etan
c) Phan tir xiclopropan de tham gia phan ung thi hon la phan img cong
d) Co dang xen ke cua etan ben hon cdu dang che khudt cua no
Co bao iihieu phat bilu dung?
A.l B 2 C.3 D 4
Ddp dn B
16 Khi clo hoa hoan toan mgt ancol A thu dugc ddn xudt B chira clo Bilt MB
-MA = 201 A la ankan nao sau day?
A.CH4 B C2H6 C C3H8 D C4H10
Ddp dn B
17 Crackinh 560 lit C4H10 (dktc) xay ra cac phan img
C4H,o^CH4+C3H6 (1) C4H,o^C2H6+C2H4 (2) C4H,o -^ H2 + C4H8 (3) Thu dugc 1010 lit (dktc) hon hgp khi X The tich C4Hio(dktc) chua phan iing la
A 110 lit B 55 lit C 165 lit D 80 lit
Ddp dn A
18 Trong so cac xicloankan co so cacbon tir C5 den Cs, vong nao la ben nhat?
A Xiclopentan B Xiclohexan C Xicloheptan D xiclooctan
Trang 2120 Cho biet nhiet do soi ciia cac dan xudt clometan thay doi nhu the nao?
A CCI4 > CHCI3 > CH2CI2 > CH3CI
B CHCI3 > CCl4> CH2CI2 > CH3CI
C CHCI3 > CH2Cl2> CH3CI > CCI4
D CCI4 > CHCI3 > CH3CI > CH2CI2
A C3H4 B C3H6 C C4H8 D C3H8
Ddp dn C
3 Dan V lit (a dktc) hon hgp X gom axetilen va hidro di qua ong sii dung bgt niken nung nong, thu dugc khi Y Dan Y vao lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3 thu dugc 12 gam ket tiia Khi di ra khoi dung dich phan img vira dii vai 16 gam brom va con lai khi Z Dot chay hoan toan khi Z thu dugc 2,24 lit khi CO2 (a dktc) va 4,5 gam nuac Gia tri ciia V bang
5 Dun nong hon hgp khi gdm 0,06 mol C2H2 va 0,04 mol H2 vai xiic tac Ni, sau
mgt thofi gian thu dugc hon hgp khi Y Dan toan bg hon hgp Y loi tir tir qua
Trang 22binh dung dung dich brom (du) thi con lai 0,448 lit hdn hgp khi Z (a dktc) co
ti khdi so vai O2 la 0,5 Khoi lugng binh dung dich brom tang la
A 1,20 gam B 1,04 gam C 1,64 gam D 1,32 gam
Ddp dn C
6 Ba hidrocacbon X, Y, Z la ddng dang ke tiep, khdi lugng phan tir cua
Z bang 2 lan khdi lugng phan tir ciia X Cac chat X, Y, Z thudc day ddng ddng
A ankan B ankadien C anken D ankin
Ddp dn C
7 Ddt chay hoan toan 20,0 ml hdn hgp X gdm C3H6, CH4, CO (thi tich CO gdp hai idn thi tich CH4), thu dugc 24,0 ml CO2 (cac thi tich khi do d cimg dilu kien nhiet do va ap suat) Ti khdi ciia X so vai khi hidro la:
A 25,8 B 12,9 C 22,2 D 11,1
Ddp dn B
8 Ddt chay hoan toan hon hgp M gdm mdt ankan X va mdt ankin Y, thu dugc
sd mol CO2 Mng sd mol H2O Thanh phdn phdn tram so mol cua X va Y trong hdn hgp M lan lugt la
A 35% va 65% B 75% va 25%
C 20%) va 80% D 50% va 50%
Ddp dn D
9 Cho cac chat xiclopropan, xiclobutan, 2-metylpropen, b u t - l - e n , cis-but-2-en,
b u t - l - i n Nhirng chat nao sau khi bi khir hoa hoan toan bdi H2 cho cimg mdt san pham
A 0,2 mol CO2 va 0,2 mol H2O
B 0,1 mol CO2 va 0,1 mol H20"
C 0,15 mol CO2 va0,15 mol H2O
D 0,2 mol CO2 va 0,3 mol H2O
Ddp dn A
Trang 2311 Mdt hdn hgp gdm C2H2 va H2 co V = 13,44 lit (dktc) Cho hon hgp di qua Ni nung nong, phan iing hoan toan cho ra hdn hgp Y gdm ankan va H2 du Vy = 8,96 lit (dktc) Xac dinh thi tich C2H2 (Vi) va H2(V2) trong hon hgp
A V,=4,48 lit, V2=8,96 lit B Vi=l,12 lit, V2=12,32 lit
C V,=2,24 lit, V2=l 1,2 lit D V,=l 1,2 lit, V2=2,24 lit
Ddp dn C
12 Cho hdn hgp X gdm 0,02 mol C2H2 va 0,03mol H2 di qua bdt Ni, t" Ddn san pham tir tir qua dung dich brom du, co 0,02 mol hon hgp khi Z di ra khdi binh Ti khdi cua Z ddi vai hidro bang 4,5 Khdi lugng binh brom tang:
A 0,4 gam B 0,58 gam C 0,62 gam D 0,76 gam
15 Ket luan nao sau day la diing?
A Ankin va anken chi co ddng phan lien ket bdi
B Ankin cd ddng phan hinh hgc
C Ankin khdng co ddng phan mach cacbon
D Ankadien cd the cd ddng phan hinh hgc nhu anken
17 Dinh nghia nao sau day la diing: Ankadien la hgp chat
A cd cau tao gdm hai lien ket ddi
Trang 24B hidrocacbon mach hd cd hai lien ket ddi lien hgp
C hidrocacbon mach hd cd hai lien kit ddi trong phan tir
D hidrocacbon cd cdng thirc chung la CnH2n-2
Ddp dn C
18 Khi cho C2H4 ldi qua dung dich KMn04 loang, ngudi thi thu dugc san pham
hiiu ca nao?
A HO- CH2-CH2OH B HOC-CHO
C HOOC- COOH D KOOC-COOK
Ddp dn A
19 Quy tac Mac-cdp-nhi-cdp ap dung cho trudng hgp nao sau day?
A Phan img cdng cua Br2 vdi anken ddi xiing
B Phan ung cdng cua Br2 vdi anken bdt ddi xiing
C Phan ling cdng cua HCl vai anken ddi ximg
D Phan iing cdng cua HCl vdi anken bdt ddi xiing
HIDROCACBON THOM, NGUON HIDROCACBON THIEN NHIEN,
HE THONG HOA VE HIDROCACBON
1 Sd ddng phan hidrocacbon thom iing vdi cdng thiic phan tir CgHio la
A 4 B.3 C.2 D.5
Ddp dn A
2 Mgt polime cd khoi lugng phan tir 208000 d.v.C do 2000 mdt xich lien kit vdi nhau Bilt polime chi cd hai nguyen to la C va H, vay monome tao ra polime la
A propilen B stiren C buta-1,3-dien D etilen
Ddp dn C
Trang 253 Ti le thi tich CO2 va hai nude (cd gia tri la T) biln ddi nhu thi nao khi ddt chay hidrocacbon la ddng dang cua benzen?
A 1 < T < 2 B 1 < T < 2 C 1 < T < 3 D 1 < T < 2
Ddp dn D
4 Chat khong tac dung vdi dung dich KMn04 dun ndng:
A Benzen B C2H4 C SO2 D Toluen
9 Cac cap chat sau cd quan he vdi nhau nhu the nao?
(1) CeHe va CeH5CH3 (2) CeHe va CeH5N02
(3) o- CH3CeH4CH3 va m - CH3CeH4CH3
A 1- ddng dang; 2- ddng phan; 3- dan xuat
B 1 - ddng dang; 2- dan xuat; 3- ddng phan
C 1- ddng phan; 2- ddng dang; 3- dan xuat
D 1- dan xuat; 2- ddng dang; 3- ddng phan
Ddp dn B
Trang 2610 Hgp chdt tham A cd cdng thiic phan ttr la CgHio Cho A tac dung vdi dung djch KMn04 tao ra mgt axit cd cdu tao doi xiing A cd ten ggi nhu the nao?
13 De dieu che m-clonitrobenzen tir benzen ta thuc hien nhu sau:
A Halogen hda benzen rdi nitro hda san pham
B Nitro hda benzen rdi clo hda san pham
C Nitro hda benzen rdi hidro hda san pham
D Clo hda benzen rdi nitro hda san pham
Ddp dn B
14 Thudc thu nao sau day cd the dung de nhan biet benzen, toluen, stiren dimg trong ba binh mat nhan
A Dung djch brom B Dung dich AgN03/NH3
C Dung dich KMn04 D Dung dich HNO3
Ddp dn C
15 Hidrocacbon X d the Idng cd phan tram khdi lugng H xap xi 1,1% X tac dung
dugc vdi dung djch brom Chat nao sau day la cdng thiic phan tir cua chdt X?
A Axetilen B Vinylaxetylen
C Benzen D Stiren
Ddp dn D
Trang 2716 Thanh phan chinh cua khi thien nhien la:
A CO B H2 C.C2H6 D.CH4
Ddp dn D
17 Trong san pham thu dugc khi chung cdt than dd cd hgp chdt hidrocacbon A la chat ran de bay hai, ti l^hdi cua A so vdi oxi bdng 4, A khdng lam mat mau dung dich nude Br2 nhung cd the tham gia phan iing cdng H2 tao thanh hgp chat no A la
A Toluen B Etylbenzen C Naphtalen D Stiren
Ddp dn C
18 Chgn cau dung trong cac cau sau:
A Nha mdy "lgc ddu" la nha may chi Igc bd cac tap chdt cd trong ddu md
B Nha may "lgc ddu" la nha may chi san xuat xang dau
C Nha may "lgc ddu" la nha may chi biln dau md thanh cac san phdm khac nhau
D San phdm ciia nha may "lgc dau" deu la chat Idng
Ddp dn C
19 Khi dun ndng benzen vdi hidro du cd Ni hay Pt thi thu dugc san pham hiiu ca
cd cdng thiic phan tir la:
A CeHe B CeHg C CeHi2 D CeHn
DAN XUAT HALOGEN-ANCOL - PHENOL
1 X la mdt ancol no, mach hd Dot chay hoan toan 0,05 mol X can 5,6 gam oxi, thu dugc hai nuac va 6,6 gam CO2 Cong thiic cua X la
A C3H5(OH)3 B.C3H7OH C.C3H6(OH)2 D C2H4(OH)2
Ddp dn A
1 Day gdm cac chat deu phan iing vdi phenol la:
A dung dich NaCl, dung djch NaOH, kim loai Na
Trang 28B nude brom, anhidrit axetic, dung dich NaOH
C nude brom, andehit axetic, dung dich NaOH
D nude brom, axit axetic, dung dich NaOH
CH3-CH2-O-CH2-CH3 (R);
CH3-CHOH-CH2OH (T) Nhung chat tac dung dugc vdi Cu(0H)2 tao thanh dung dich mau xanh lam la
A X , Y , Z , T B X , Y , R , T C Z, R, T D X, Z, T
Ddp dn D
Trang 298 Khi thuc hien phan iing tach nude ddi vod ancol X, chi thu dugc mdt anken
duy nhat Oxi hoa hoan toan mgt lugng chat X thu dugc 5,6 lit CO2 ia dktc)
va 5,4 gam nude Cd bao nhieu cdng thiic cau tao phu hgp vdi X?
A CH3OH va C2H5OH B C2H5OH va C3H7OH
C C3H5OH va C4H7OH D C3H7OH va C4H9OH
A 2 B.3 C.4 D l
Ddp dn C
Trang 3014 Ddt chay hoan toan mdt ancol da chiic, mach hd X, thu dugc H2O va CO2 vdi
ti le sd mol tuong iing la 3:2 Cdng thirc phan tir cua X la
A C2H6O2 B C2HeO C C4H10O2 D C3H8O2
Ddp dn A
15 Anh hudng ciia nhdm - O H din goc CeHs- trong phan tu phenol thi hien qua phan ling giiia phenol vdi
A dung dich NaOH B Na kim loai
C nude Br2 D H2 (Ni, nung ndng)
Ddp dn C
16 Dun ndng mdt ancol don chiic X vdi dung dich H2SO4 dac trong dilu kien nhiet do thich hgp sinh ra chat hiru ca Y, ti khdi hoi cua X so vdi Y la 1,6428 Cdng thiic phan tir cua X la
A C3H8O B C2HeO C CH4O D C4H8O
A 5 B 6 C.3 D 4
Ddp dn A
19 Dun ndng m gam ancol X vdi hon hgp (lay du) NaBr va H2SO4 dac, thu dugc 24,6 gam chdt Y Hieu suat phan iing dat 60%) Ket qua phan tich chat Y chiia 29,27%)C, 5,69%)H va 65,04%Br Cdng thiic phan tir ciia X va gia tri m la
A C2H6O va 16 gam B C4H8O va 32 gam
C C4H10O va 24 gam D C3H8O va 20 gam
Ddp dn D
20 Trong sd cac ddng phan ciia penten cd tdi da bao nhieu ddng phan hgp nude
cd xuc tac phii hgp tao thanh dugc ancol bac 3
A 3 B.2 C 1 D 4
Ddp dn B
Trang 31A CH3CHO B HCHO C CH3CH(0H)CH0 D OHC-CHO
5 Trong cdng nghiep, axeton dugc dieu che tir
A propan-l-ol B cumen C propan-2-ol D xiclopropan
Ddp dn B
6 Cho m gam hdn hgp X gdm hai ancol no, don chiic, ke tiep nhau trong day ddng dang tac dung vdi CuO (du) nung ndng, thu dugc mgt hon hgp ran Z va mgt hon hgp hoi Y (cd ti khoi hoi so voi H2 la 13,75) Cho toan bg Y phan ung vdi mdt lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3 dun ndng, sinh ra 64,8 gam Ag Gia tri cua m la
A 9,2 B, 7,8 C.7,4 D 8,8
Ddp dn A
7 Day gdm cac chdt dugc xIp theo chilu nhiet do soi tang dan tir trai sang phai la:
Trang 32A CH3CHO, C2H5OH, C2H6, CH3COOH
B CH3COOH, C2H6, CH3CHO, C2H5OH
C C2H6, C2H5OH, CH3CHO, CH3COOH
D C2He, CH3CHO, C2H5OH, CH3COOH
Ddp dn D
8 Cho 3,6 gam andehit don chiic X phan iing hoan toan vdi mdt lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3 dun ndng, thu dugc m gam Ag Hoa tan hoan toan m gam Ag bang dung dich HNO3 dac, sinh ra 2,24 lit NO2 (san pham khir duy nhat, d dktc) Cdng thirc ciia X la
A C3H7CHO B C4H9CHO C HCHO D C2H5CHO
Ddp dn A
9 Trung hoa 5,48 gam hdn hgp gdm axit axetic, phenol va axit benzoic, can diing 600 ml dung dich NaOH 0,1M Cd can dung dich sau phan img, thu dugc hdn hgp chat ran khan cd khdi lugng la
A 4,90 gam B 6,84 gam C 8,64 gam D 6,80 gam
Ddp dn D
10 Oxi hoa ancol don chiic X bang CuO (dun ndng), sinh ra mdt san pham hiiu
ca duy nhat la xeton Y (ti khdi hoi cua Y so vdi khi hidro bang 29) Cdng thirc cau tao cua X la
A CH3-CHOH-CH3 B CH3-CH2-CH2-OH
C CH3-CH2-CHOH-CH3 D CH3-CO-CH3
Ddp dn A
11 Ddt chay hoan toan mgt andehit X, thu dugc sd mol CO2 bang sd mol H2O
N I U cho X tac dung vdi lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3, sinh ra sd mol Ag gdp bdn idn sd mol X da phan iing Cdng thuc cua
Trang 3313 Sd ddng phan xeton iing vdi cdng thirc phan tir C5H10O la
A 3 B 5 C 6 D.4
Ddp dn A
14 Cho cac chdt sau: CH3-CH2-CHO (1), CH2=CH-CHO (2), (CH3)2CH-CHO (3), CH2=CH-CH2-OH (4) Nhiing chdt phan iing hoan toan vdi lugng du H2 (Ni, t°) ciing tao ra mdt san pham la:
A 21,6 gam B 10,8 gam C 43,2 gam D 64,8 gam
A C2H5COOH B CH3COOH C HCOOH D C3H7COOH
Ddp dn B
18 Oxi hoa 1,2 gam CH3OH bang CuO nung ndng, sau mdt thdi gian thu dugc hon hop san phdm X (gdm HCHO, H2O va CH3OH du) Cho toan bd X tac dung vdi lugng du AgN03 trong dung dich NH3, dugc 12,96 gam Ag Hieu suat cua phan iing oxi hoa CH3OH la
A 76,6% B 80,0% C 65,5% D 70,4%
Ddp dn B
19 Cau nao sau day khong dung ve andehit?
A Cac andehit dilu kien thudng la nhimg chdt Idng
B Vira cd tinh oxi hda vira cd tfnh khir trong cac phan iing hda hgc
Trang 34C Tao "lien kit H" vdi nuac nen cac andehit cd sd nguyen tir cacbon it tan dugc trong nuac
D Dung dich chiia khoang 40%o CH2O trong nude ggi la fomon hay fomalin
Ddp dn A
20 Tach nude tir ancol cd cdng thiic phan tu C4H10O dugc 2 anken (khdng kl ddng phan hinh hgc) Cho hoi ancol nay qua CuO ddt ndng thu dugc san pham hiiu ca chinh la
Trang 35• Khai niem, cdng thiic chung ciia day ddng dang este, biet phan loai va ggi
ten mdt sd este don gian
• cdu tao, phan iing thuy phan este, phan iing d gdc hidrocacbon, dilu che va mdt sd ling dung ciia este
• Tinh chat vat li cua este
HS hiiu:
• Mdi lien he giiia cau tao este va san pham cua phan iing thiiy phan este
• Nguyen nhan gay ra phan img d gdc hidrocacbon
• Tai sao este cd nhiet do sdi thap hon axit va ancol tuong iing
2 KT nang
• Tir cdng thiic biet ggi ten va ngugc lai tir ggi ten viet dugc cdng thiic nhirng este don gian
• Viet phuang trinh hoa hgc minh hoa tinh chat hoa hgc cua este
• Giai thanh thao cac bai tap ve este
3 Tinh cam, thai do
Este va san pham trimg hgp cd nhieu ung dung trong ddi sdng san xuat vi vay giiip HS thay dugc tam quan trgng ciia viec nghien ciiu este tir do tao cho HS niem hung thu trong hgc tap, tim tdi sang tao de chiem ITnh tri thiic
B C H U A N Bj CUA GV VA HS
• GV - May tinh, may chieu cac phieu hgc tap
- Hoa chdt: Nude cdt, H2SO4 loang, dung dich NaOH
Etyl axetat, mdt it ma Ign
Trang 36- Dung cu: Ong nghiem
Kep dng nghiem, den cdn
Bd gia thi nghiem
• HS xem trudc bai este
C TI^N TRJNH DAY- HOC
Hogt dgng cua GV Hogt dgng cda HS
Hogt dgng 1
I KHAI NIEM, DANH PHAP Cachl
GV yeu cau HS so sanh cdng thiic cau
tao cua 2 chat sau:
GV gidi thieu cho HS biet chat (2)
dugc ggi la este va yeu cau HS neu khai
niem este
Cach 2
GV yeu cau HS viet phan ung este hda
va hudng dan HS so sanh chat axit va
san pham este hda
GV: Tir cdng thiic cau tao ciia etyl
axetat yeu cau HS neu khai niem ve
este
GV yeu cau HS viet cdng thiic tdng
quat cua este no don chiic, mach hd va
este khdng no cd mdt lien ket ddi C=C
trong phan tir
HS thao luan va nhan xet:
- Gidng nhau deu cd nhdm
HS thao luan CH3COOH(l) + C2H50H
H,SO dac
CH3COOC2H5 (2) + H2O San pham cua phan iing la este Chat (1) va (2) gidng nhau deu cd nhdm cacboxyl nhung chat (2) cd them nhdm C2H5
HS nhan xet: Khi thay the nhdm OH a
nhdm cacboxyl ciia axit cacboxylic bdng nhdm OR thi dugc este
Trang 37Hogt dgng cua GV
GV bd sung cho HS cdng thiic tdng
quat cua este CnH2n+2-2a-2k-2x02x
GV yeu cau HS viet cac ddng phan cau
tao cua este cd cdng thiic C3H6O2,
C4H8O2
GV nhan xet, chinh sira, bd sung va yeu
cau HS viet cac este mach hd cd cdng
HCOOCH(CH3)2 CH3COOCH2CH3 CH3CH2COOCH3
HS thao luan
HCOOCH=CHCH3 HCOOCH2CH=CH2 HC00C=CH2 CH3
Trang 38Hogt dgng cua GV
GV gidi thieu mdt sd este va each
ten
HCOOCH3 metyl axetat
CH3COOC2H5 etyl axetat
CH3COOCH=CH2 vinyl axetat
GV yeu cau HS thao luan va riit ra
tac ggi ten este
goi
quy
GV yeu cau HS ggi ten cac este cd cdng
thirc phan tir la C3He02, C4H8O2
GV bd sung each ggi ten ciia mdl
este khac nhu:
(HCOO)2C2H4 etylen difomiat
(COOC2H5)2 dietyl oxalat
HCOOCH2CH=CH2 anlyl fomiat
CH2=CH2-COOCH3 metyl acrylat
sd
GV chilu bai tap len man hinh cho HS
thao luan:
Este cd ten benzyl axetat cd cdng thirc
nao trong cac este sau:
HS thao luan, phan tich cau tao este R-COO-Rgdm cd:
- gdc axit R
- gdc hidrocacbon R
- nhdm COO (cacboxyl)
HS lang nghe va ghi bai
HS thao luan va dua ra quy tac
Ten este: ten gdc hidrocacbon R + ten
anion gdc axit + dudi at
HS: Viet ddng phan va ggi ten C3H6O2:
HCOOCH2CH3 etyl fomiat CH3COOCH3 metyl axetat C4H8O2:
HCOOCH2CH2CH3 propyl fomiat HCOOCH(CH3)2 isopropyl fomiat CH3COOCH2-CH3 etyl axetat CH3CH2COOCH3 metyl propionat
HS thao luan:
Chgn dap an D
Trang 39Hogt dpng cua GV Hogt dgng cua HS
Cach 1: Cd lam thi nghiem
GV: Cho HS quan sat mdt mau ddu
chudi (isoamyl axetat) sau dd hda tan
vao nude Yeu cdu HS nhan xet ve tinh
chat vat li
GV gidi thieu nhiet do sdi cua mdt sd
- Este thudng la nhung chat Idng nhe
hon nude, it tan trong nuac
- Cd kha nang hda tan nhieu chat hiiu
CO khac
- Este cd miii thom cua hoa, trai cay
(chudi, le, tao )
- Este ed ninft dg sdi thap^ hon cac
ancol, axit cd khdi lugng xap xi do
khdng CO lien-ket hidro
Hogt dpng 2
II TINH CHAT VAT LI
HS quan sat va nhan xet:
- La chdt Idng khdng mau
- Cd miii tham dac trung
HS nhan xet: khi hda tan vao nude thi
cd hien tugng tao thanh dung dich cd sir phan ldp este d phia tren —> este it tan trong nude, nhe ban nude
HS quan sat, thao luan, nhan xet:
Axit, ancol cd nhiet do soi cao han este,
cd khdi lugng phdn ticxdp xi nhau
Giai thich:
- Ancol va axit cd nhiet do sdi cao vi
cd lien kit hidro ben
- Este cd nhiet-do sdi thdp vi khdng co lien ket hidro
- Trong cac este thi este cd khdi lugng cang Idn, nhiet do sdi cang cao
HS: idng nghe, he thdng lai tinh chdt vat li va ghi bai
Trang 40Hogt dpng cua GV
Cach 2 Khdng lam thi nghiem
GV cho HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan
xet ve tinh chdt vat li ciia este
- Trang thai, mau sac, miii
- Do tan, khdi luong rieng
- Nhiet do sdi
Hogt dpng ciia HS
HS nghien ciiu SGK va nhan xet
- Este la chat long khdng mau, cd miii tham ciia trai cay
- Cd miii tham dac tnmg, da sd este it tan trong nude, nhe hon nude, tan tdt trong dung mdi hiru ca
- Nhiet do sdi cua cac este thap hon so vdi axit va ancol cd phan tir khdi xap xi nhau
Hogt dpng 3
III TINH CHAT HOA HOC
GV yeu cau HS viet phan iing este hda
giira axit axetic va etanol
GV dat van de: Mudn chuyen dich can
bang theo chieu thiiy phan este ta nen
lam nhu the nao?
GV dan ddt HS: Neu cho este vao nude
trong mdi trudng axit thi phan img thiiy
phan nhu the nao? cho vi du
GV: Vay cd each nao khac de lam cho
phan irng xay ra hoan toan
GV dan ddt: ^h "triet tieu" hit axit sinh
ra ta dimg hda chdt gi, cd mdi trudng
nhu the nao?
HS: Viet phuong trinh hda hgc
nxj nr\r\-Ls _i_ /-• u rvu H2SO4 dac
- Giam ndng do ancol va este
HS nhan xet: Vi day la phan iing thuan nghich nen este bi thuy phan xay ra khdng hoan toan