The second one is whether the proportion of students who attend the lectures have high scores exceed these figures of that but skipping.. Low 1- 5 Medium 5 - 7 High 7- 10 0Question
Trang 1HANOI UNIVERSITYFACULTY OF MANAGEMENT AND TOURISM
Phùng Ng c Phọc Phương Ly ương Mang Ly 1304000054 Tut 1 BA13
STATISTIC PROJECT
TÊN BÀI
Trang 2TABLE OF CONTENT:
ABSTRACT 1
1 INTRODUCTION: 2
2 METHEDOLOGY: 3
2.1 Population and sample: 3
2.2 Sample size: 3
2.3 Questionnaire design: 3
3.SAMPLING METHOD AND DATA COLLECTION: 4
3.1 Sampling method: 4
3.2 Data collection: 4
3.3 Data process: 4
3.4 Significant level: 4
4 DESCRIPTIVE RESULT AND FINDINGS: 5
5 HYPOTHESIS TESTING 8
5.1 Research question 1: 8
5.2 Research question 2: 10
6 EVALUATION: 12
6.1 Limitation: 12
6.2 Implication: 12
7 CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION: 13
REFERENCES: 14
APPENDIX A – QUESTIONARE: 15
APPENDIX B – SURVEY RESULT: 17
APPENDIX C – POPULATION AND SAMPLE LIST: 19
Trang 3Lecture -an exposition of a given subject delivered before an audience or class, as for the purpose of instruction For any students in university, lectures are said to play an extremely important role Especially at Faculty of Management and Tourism (FMT), Hanoi University, when lectures are the only formal time teachers interact with students besides tutorial It is undeniable that lectures have contributed a lot into students’ study results However, our team realized that the proportion of student attending to these classes is not
a significant number Furthermore, the outcome of FMT students recent year has been on
a decreasing track Therefore, we conducted this research in two weeks with the sample of
50 k2013 students in FMT to discuss about the relationship between lecture skip and their consequences Based on the information gathered, we certify two hypotheses The first is whether 30% of students who do not attend the lecture get bad study result The second one is whether the proportion of students who attend the lectures have high scores exceed these figures of that but skipping The significance level of = 0.05 was selected α = 0.05 was selected Throughout this research we hopefully to solve these questions and give some recommendations to students within the faculty.
Trang 41 INTRODUCTION:
Hanoi university is proud to be in the vanguard of application of international studyingmultidisciplinary programs with the highest standard Based on it, Faculty ofManagement and Tourism ( FMT) has offered students weekly two classes on eachsubject in terms of lecture and tutorial class, each of which plays a particularlyimportant role in delivering the exclusive knowledge to students The knowledgeprovided in the lecture time is the big picture of subject matters and fundamentalfoundations on which you can build your own knowledge Tutorial classes are madewith the aim to help students fully understand the matter given in lectures and knowhow to apply what they learn in the reality Even though the fact is that attendance atboth lectures and tutorials is necessary because the knowledge gained from two classessupports to each other, it is likely that a huge number of students have tendency to skiplectures that can not only make themselves find difficult and hard to catch up with theknowledge provided in the tutorial class but also create some gaps in the knowledge ofstudents After more than one semester studying at Faculty of Management andTourisms, we found that the study result of last semester was quite gloomy with theaverage score going around 6.5 and the highest score not exceeding 9.0 A doubtfulquestion came up in our mind that are there any relationship between lectureabsenteeism and student’s performance in subjects? That promotes us to conduct aprimary research to figure out how non- lecture attendance has effects on the studyresults of students in FMT
To collect the subjective information for statistic , we deliver the questionnaires to 50FMT – k2013 students chosen randomly from population by the probability samplingmethod, which focus on some issues including: Do you often skip lectures in theprevious semester? Why did you skip the lectures? Measure the FREQUENCY of yourSKIPPING on each subject? How much is your average mark? you think attendinglectures directly affects your study results? If “Not at all”, what is the possible reason?
Trang 5The data obtained will follow the steps of being processed ,analyzed and evaluatedcarefully by using Z- statistic test to provide the statistic inference Methodology,descriptive results, findings of the hypothesis test, project evaluation and some possiblerecommendations are also included in this research.
2 METHEDOLOGY:
2.1 Population and sample:
o Population: all K2013 students in Faculty of Management and Tourism
o Sample: 50 K2013 students in Faculty of Management and Tourismpicked randomly to do the survey
2.2 Sample size:
The population is about 400 students of Faculty of Management and Tourism As usual.The larger the sample is, the more accuracy the characteristics of population have.However, performing a large scale project leads to some difficulties such as financialcost and time- consuming Also, this research is about public opinion, therefore, wemade a decision about the sample size (n=50) which is considered to be reasonable andrelatively appropriate to present the objective of population
2.3 Questionnaire design:
To gather the data for the project, the questionnaires is designed with two main parts
In first part, we asked for participant’s identity including: their name, their names,gender, student ID, email addresses and major to contact them in case of somecomplexity or problems occur
Second part includes 6 questions designed in order to research about the influence oflecture absenteeism in studying performance Here is the list of questions:
Question 1: Do you often skip lectures in the previous semester?
Question 2: Why did you skip the lectures?
Question 3: Measure the FREQUENCY of your SKIPPING on each subject?
Question 4: How much is your average mark?
Question 5: Do you think attending lectures directly affects your study results?
Question 6: If “Not at all” or “A little”, what is the possible reason?
Trang 6The first and third question gives us an overview of prevalence of lecture attendance(whether students take part in lecture or not) and the frequency of it in particularsubjects studying in the previous semester in terms of: Introduction to management,Microeconomics, Principles of accounting and calculus If the answer is “ No”, they canmove to question 5.
If the answer is “ Yes”, FMT students give the reasons for their absenteeism by givingthe answer for question 2 In the fourth question, we asked students for their studyresults in last semester After that, the next question designed to find out the opinion ofFMT students whether skipping lectures affect their study results If the answer is “ Not
at all” or “A little” , students was asked to give reasonable explanation for their answer
3 SAMPLING METHOD AND DATA COLLECTION:
3.1 Sampling method:
Sampling method plays an important role which influences the result of the project Inour research, simple random sampling is used to make sure that every FMT studentshas the same probability to be included in the sample In order to receive exact and fastinformation, we come randomly to the lecture and carry out delivered questionnaires
The collection of the 50 respondents is presented in Appendix 2 and the table oforganized data is provided at the end of the report in Appendix 3
3.3 Data process:
As soon as the task of delivery of the questionnaires had been finished, the data wasanalyzed and solved by hand The data was shown in both qualitative and quantitative,therefore, we have the data done by Microsoft Excel 2013 with some common data
Trang 7processing functions in terms of: COUNT, COUNTIF, FILTER, basic mathematic functionssuch as SUM, SUMIF We also calculated necessary statistics by hand.
3.4 Significant level:
The level of significance chosen is 0.05 to process hypothesis test
4 DESCRIPTIVE RESULT AND FINDINGS:
38.00%
62.00%
Question 1: Have you ever skipped any lectures?
Yes No
From our survey’s results, we can conclude that of 50 FMT K13 students who did thequestionnaires, there are 19 students said that they have at least once skipped thelectures Therefore, the proportion of those who skipped lectures is smaller than thoseattending lectures fully In other words, a lot of FMT K13 students haven’t been absentfrom lectures ever
Trang 8Low ( 1- 5 ) Medium ( 5 - 7 ) High ( 7- 10) 0
Question 3 + 4 (b): The average total result of between always and rarely skipped subjects
(Chỉ điểm cao + thấp + trung bình)
Always skipping Rarely skipping
In the 3rd and 4th questions, students were asked about their frequency of skippinglectures in terms of four subjects: ITM, CAL, POA and MIC as well as the average totalscores.Our purpose of surveying about that is to find the relationship between attendinglectures and the study results, whether frequently skipping lectures consequence to badscores and vice versa
Firstly, about the frequency of skipping lectures, MIC is the lecture that students skipthe most It is followed by CAL, and the last two subjects are POA and ITM
Secondly, as can be seen from the bar chart, the number of students who rarely skip isthree times higher than those who always skip in terms of high marks (18 and 6respectively), or we can say that the more frequently students attend lectures, thehigher marks they acheive
However, regarding to medium marks and low marks, the gap between the number of
“always skipping” and “rarely skipping” is very small (the difference is only 1 student)
Trang 9Contributing to “low marks”, the amount of “always skipping” reaches 7 students, whilethat of “rarely skipping” is 8 “Medium marks” consists of 6 and 5 students who alwaysand rarely skip respectively Accordingly, students either attending lectures or skippingthem still have the same chance of getting unexpected marks From that fact we cancome to a conclusion: joining lectures at a high frequency can not always guarantee highstudy results for FMT K13 students The reasons explaining for that fact will bediscussed in detail in question 6.
So there are different kinds of students? Those always skip lectures and those fullyattend lectures? The reason comes from the attitude of students toward lectures Inquestion 5, we asked them to rate the level of inportance of attending lectures, whethergoing to lecture classes directly affects study results Of 50 students, 16 studentsapproved that lectures play a very important role in determining their marks, incontrast, only 9 students considered lectures do not have any effect on the scores Andthe rest 25 (also the most) students feel that attending lectures have a little influence
Trang 1023.53%
5.88%
23.53%
Question 6: If " A little" or " Not at all" , what is the possible reason?
Self-study is much better
I got lucky in exams
I cheated Other
There are several reasons which responsible for the fact that up to 2/3 of the studentsdid not highly appreciate the role of lectures According to them, there are many otherfactors contributing to study results rather than lectures Most of them found that self-study is much better and effective than attending lectures 8 out of 34 students believedthat luck in the exam can significantly affect their marks Another 8 students think thattutorials are much more effective than lectures as the numbers of students in tutorialclasses are extremely lower than those in lecture classes, so they can concentrate well
on the lessons, moreover, teachers in tutorials focus on solving excercises which helpsstudents practice how to apply theories on specific problems Finally, only 2 studentsadmitted they cheated in the exam to achieve their scores
After conducting the project, with the level of significance 5%, we can say that ourstatistical evidence is sufficient and realiable enough to lead to a conclusion thatattending lectures does substaintially affect FMT K13 students’ study results
According to the project’s findings, we are highly confident to say that attendinglectures frequently can help FMT students acheive higher scores Moreover, there isenough statistical evidence to infer that the proportion of students frequently attendinglectures and getting high result exceeds the proportion of those who get high resultsoften skip the lectures Therefore, it is quite apperent that attending lectures is one ofthe key determinants of students’ study results
Trang 115 HYPOTHESIS TESTING
5.1 Research question 1:
In some recent years, the proportion of FMT’s (Faculty of Management and Tourism ) students who fail the final exams ( bad result- under mark 5 ) is quite high, over 30% Is there sufficient evidence to conclude that over 30% of students who skip lectures get bad study result (under mark 5).
+ Their average marks? Then we categories their average marks into 3 levels: low
score (under mark 5), fair (mark 5 - 7) and high score ( above mark 7)
Therefore, the data type is qualitative and we can not calculate the mean It is obviousthat the method of testing is Z Test of proportion The parameter of interest is thepopulation proportion p and the point estimator of this parameter is the sampleproportion
The requirements to test proportion by using Z Test include that population followsBinomial distribution and sampling proportion is approximately normally distributed
b Checking condition: np ≥ 5; nq ≥ 5
With n= 19
p = 0.3
q = 1 – p =1-0.3= 0.7Obviously: np= 19 * 0.3 = 5.7 > 5
nq = 19 * 0.7 =13.3 > 5The sample proportion is approximately normally distributed
c Hypothesis testing procedure:
Let p be the proportion of FMT students who often skip lectures get bad study result
Trang 12Based on the research questions, we have:
State the null hypothesis: H0: p = 0.3
State the alternative hypothesis: Ha: p > 0.3
Now we conduct 6 steps to make decision:
Step 1 : The null and alternative hypothesis
Step 3 : Significance level : = 0.05α = 0.05
Step 4 : Decision rule : Critical value Z0.05=1.645 Reject H0 if z >1.645
Step 5 : Test value : ^p = 13/19 = 0.6842
a Assumptions
From the hypothesis 1, we see that there is a link between skipping lectures and studyresult To examine deeper, we conduct the second test on whether the proportion of
Trang 13students who attend lectures get high result exceed the proportion of those who gethigh result but do not attend the lectures The populations we choose are all K13students in major of Business Administration and Tourism However, to fit the purpose
of examining the link between skipping lectures and students average result, we dividethese students into two groups: Group 1 consists of students who usually skip lecturesand group 2 includes students who never or rarely skip lectures
There are two categorical outcomes: proportion of students who have high score (mark
7 -10) (success) and proportion of students having low score (under mark 5) The
parameter is the difference between two population proportions, p1 - p 2, and the point estimator of each population proportion is p^
There are 19 out of 50 students replied that they always skip the lectures, therefore thenumber of students going to lectures regularly is 31 Of the 19 students who skiplectures, 6 people have high result (mark 7 - 10) And of the 31 students having lectures,
18 of them get good mark
b Hypothesis testing procedure
n1q1 = 19 * 0.41935 =7.96765 > 5
n2p2 = 31*0.31579 = 9.78949 > 5
n2q2 = 31 * 0.68421 = 21.21051 > 5The sample proportion is approximately normally distributed
The step statistical inference process is as follow: