6 raymond a serway, john w jewett physics for scientists and engineers with modern physics 01

Linear v and angular velocity vectors Velocity component vectors Torque vectors Displacement and position vectors Force vectors F Force component vectors Acceleration vectors a Accel

Linear (v ) and angular ( )

velocity vectors

Velocity component vectors

Torque vectors ( )

Displacement and

position vectors

Force vectors (F)

Force component vectors

Acceleration vectors (a)

Acceleration component vectors

Linear (p) and angular (L)

momentum vectors

Linear or rotational motion directions Springs

Pulleys

Mechanics

Electricity and Magnetism

Light rays

Lenses and prisms

Mirrors

Objects

Images

Light and Optics

Electric fields

Magnetic fields

Positive charges

Negative charges

Resistors

Batteries and other

DC power supplies

Switches

Capacitors

Ground symbol Current

AC Sources Ammeters Voltmeters

Inductors (coils)

V A

+ –

– +

Pedagogical Color Chart

v

t

Some Physical Constants

Atomic mass unit u 1.660 538 86 (28)⫻ 10⫺27kg

931.494 043 (80) MeV/c2

Avogadro’s number NA 6.022 141 5 (10)⫻ 1023particles/mol Bohr magneton 9.274 009 49 (80)⫻ 10⫺24J/T

Bohr radius 5.291 772 108 (18)⫻ 10⫺11m

Boltzmann’s constant 1.380 650 5 (24)⫻ 10⫺23J/K

Compton wavelength 2.426 310 238 (16)⫻ 10⫺12m

Coulomb constant 8.987 551 788 ⫻ 109N⭈m2/C2(exact) Deuteron mass m d 3.343 583 35 (57)⫻ 10⫺27kg

2.013 553 212 70 (35) u Electron mass m e 9.109 382 6 (16)⫻ 10⫺31kg

5.485 799 094 5 (24)⫻ 10⫺4u

0.510 998 918 (44) MeV/c2

Electron volt eV 1.602 176 53 (14)⫻ 10⫺19J

Elementary charge e 1.602 176 53 (14)⫻ 10⫺19C

Gas constant R 8.314 472 (15) J/mol⭈ K

Gravitational constant G 6.674 2 (10)⫻ 10⫺11N⭈m2/kg2

Josephson frequency –voltage ratio 4.835 978 79 (41)⫻ 1014Hz/V

Magnetic flux quantum 2.067 833 72 (18)⫻ 10⫺15T⭈m2

Neutron mass m n 1.674 927 28 (29)⫻ 10⫺27kg

1.008 664 915 60 (55) u

939.565 360 (81) MeV/c2

Nuclear magneton 5.050 783 43 (43)⫻ 10⫺27J/T

Permeability of free space m0 4p⫻ 10⫺7T⭈m/A (exact)

Permittivity of free space 8.854 187 817 ⫻ 10⫺12C2/N⭈m2(exact) Planck’s constant h 6.626 069 3 (11)⫻ 10⫺34J⭈s

1.054 571 68 (18)⫻ 10⫺34J⭈s Proton mass m p 1.672 621 71 (29)⫻ 10⫺27kg

1.007 276 466 88 (13) u

938.272 029 (80) MeV/c2

Rydberg constant RH 1.097 373 156 852 5 (73)⫻ 107m⫺1 Speed of light in vacuum c 2.997 924 58⫻ 108m/s (exact)

Note: These constants are the values recommended in 2002 by CODATA, based on a least-squares adjustment of data from different

measure-ments For a more complete list, see P J Mohr and B N Taylor, “CODATA Recommended Values of the Fundamental Physical Constants:

2002.” Rev Mod Phys 77:1, 2005.

a

ប ⫽ h 2p

P0⫽ 1

m0c2

mn⫽ eប

2m p

⌽0⫽ h

2e

2e

h

k e⫽ 1 4pP0

lC⫽ h

mec

kB⫽ R

NA

a0⫽ ប2

m e e2k e

mB⫽ eប

2m e

Solar System Data

Mercury 3.18⫻ 1023 2.43⫻ 106 7.60⫻ 106 5.79⫻ 1010

Venus 4.88⫻ 1024 6.06⫻ 106 1.94⫻ 107 1.08⫻ 1011

Earth 5.98⫻ 1024 6.37⫻ 106 3.156⫻ 107 1.496⫻ 1011

Mars 6.42⫻ 1023 3.37⫻ 106 5.94⫻ 107 2.28⫻ 1011

Jupiter 1.90⫻ 1027 6.99⫻ 107 3.74⫻ 108 7.78⫻ 1011

Saturn 5.68⫻ 1026 5.85⫻ 107 9.35⫻ 108 1.43⫻ 1012

Uranus 8.68⫻ 1025 2.33⫻ 107 2.64⫻ 109 2.87⫻ 1012

Neptune 1.03⫻ 1026 2.21⫻ 107 5.22⫻ 109 4.50⫻ 1012

Plutoa ⬇1.4 ⫻ 1022 ⬇1.5 ⫻ 106 7.82⫻ 109 5.91⫻ 1012

Moon 7.36⫻ 1022 1.74⫻ 106 — — Sun 1.991⫻ 1030 6.96⫻ 108 — —

a In August 2006, the International Astronomical Union adopted a definition of a planet that separates Pluto from the other eight planets Pluto is now defined as a “dwarf planet” (like the asteroid Ceres).

Physical Data Often Used

Average Earth–Moon distance 3.84⫻ 108m Average Earth–Sun distance 1.496⫻ 1011m Average radius of the Earth 6.37⫻ 106m Density of air (20°C and 1 atm) 1.20 kg/m3

Density of water (20°C and 1 atm) 1.00⫻ 103kg/m3

Free-fall acceleration 9.80 m/s2

Mass of the Earth 5.98⫻ 1024kg Mass of the Moon 7.36⫻ 1022kg Mass of the Sun 1.99⫻ 1030kg Standard atmospheric pressure 1.013⫻ 105Pa

Note: These values are the ones used in the text.

Some Prefixes for Powers of Ten

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for Scientists and Engineers

with Modern Physics

Raymond A Serway

Emeritus, James Madison University John W Jewett, Jr California State Polytechnic University, Pomona

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Seventh Edition

PHYSICS

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