Unit 3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES PART 1 INTELLIGENT TRANSPORT SYSTEM (ITS) 1. VOCABULARY BUILDING AND SPEAKING Intelligent Transport Systems 2. READING WHAT IS ITS AND WHAT MAKES ITS ? It could be said that Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) began, for example, with the first levelcrossings, where roads meet railways without the benefit of bridges. That was in the 19th century. Today, ITS may be more complex – but it is generally less visible and taken for granted.
Trang 1Unit 3 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF
ROADS AND BRIDGES
1 VOCABULARY BUILDING AND SPEAKING
Intelligent Transport Systems
a In groups, look at the following pictures and guess the following terms
Trang 3b Look at the following chart which describe the benefits of ITS services and give ideas to support these benefits (Use the pictures below to find out the ideas).
ITS FUNDAMENTAL SERVICES
Vehicular
information
transmission
Fee payment
Information provision
Information and warnings
Others
To identify the
vehicle or
driver and to
provide
information to
that vehicle or
To allow cashless payment of various types
of fees that
To provide various types
of road traffic information on roadside
facilities
To provide drivers with information and warnings
to support their driving
Pedestrian support
Application for inter-vehicle communicati
Trang 4 Probes
Facility
entry/exit
managemen
t
charged while driving
in a car.
Multi-purpose payment
ETC
Internet connection
Driving support informatio n
Warning and vehicle control
on
Application using wired communicati on.
Trang 62 READING
WHAT IS ITS AND WHAT MAKES ITS ?
It could be said that Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) began, for example, with the first level-crossings, where roads meet railways without the benefit of bridges That was in the 19th century Today, ITS may be more complex – but it is generally less visible and taken for granted.
a In pairs, draw a diagram to illustrate the steps involved in ITS chain.
There is a persistent misunderstanding of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS
is invisible to the public and tends to be taken for granted This can lead to a lack of appreciation of its importance and contribution to today’s road network performance If ITS is invisible it is also non-controversial This feature is really a compliment to its effectiveness; compared to physical infrastructure expansion, ITS offers a fast and cost effective means to keep roads flowing So let us look at what ITS is and the vital role it is playing in major transport policy objectives – such as road safety, the fight against traffic congestion and reduced emissions, especially of greenhouse gases
The ITS Chain: though ITS, road networks can be operated and utilized more efficiently The term encompasses many systems applied on the road and in road management facilities, ITS applications are now getting closer to road users and their vehicle through mass media and in-vehicle systems.
A simplified description of steps involved in the chain for most ITS applications is:
- Data collection: on, for example, road conditions – like the number
of vehicles passing a certain point and average speed, but also weather conditions Other examples are the positioning of vehicles through mobile phone tracking or satellite-based systems.
- Data transfer, processing and analysis: the communication of collected data to central units for aggregation and transformation into decision-making information.
- Use of the information: this might be a decision by road operators
to apply certain measures on the road network; it could be a decision by
a road user to alter his route after receiving traffic information.
There is a persistent misunderstanding of Intelligent Transport Systems ITS
is invisible to the public and tends to be taken for granted This can lead to a lack of appreciation of its importance and contribution to today’s road network performance If ITS is invisible it is also non-controversial This feature is really a compliment to its effectiveness; compared to physical infrastructure expansion, ITS offers a fast and cost effective means to keep roads flowing So let us look at what ITS is and the vital role it is playing in major transport policy objectives – such as road safety, the fight against traffic congestion and reduced emissions, especially of greenhouse gases
The ITS Chain: though ITS, road networks can be operated and utilized more efficiently The term encompasses many systems applied on the road and in road management facilities, ITS applications are now getting closer to road users and their vehicle through mass media and in-vehicle systems.
A simplified description of steps involved in the chain for most ITS applications is:
- Data collection: on, for example, road conditions – like the number
of vehicles passing a certain point and average speed, but also weather conditions Other examples are the positioning of vehicles through mobile phone tracking or satellite-based systems.
- Data transfer, processing and analysis: the communication of collected data to central units for aggregation and transformation into decision-making information.
- Use of the information: this might be a decision by road operators
to apply certain measures on the road network; it could be a decision by
a road user to alter his route after receiving traffic information.
ITS: A Multi-Purpose Tool for Better
Roads
Caroline Visser
IRF, Geneva Programme Centre
ITS: A Multi-Purpose Tool for Better
Roads
Caroline Visser
IRF, Geneva Programme Centre
Trang 7b Read “Safe road and safety driving” passage and decide whether the
following statements are true (T) or false (F).
1……… ITS plays an important role in both preventing accidents and
minimizing their impacts.
2……… The best-known ITS application is speed limit enforcement through
radar and speed cameras.
3……… ITS systems provide early warning and identification of incidents on
road.
4……… ITS is increasingly installed within the vehicles.
5……… ITS provides up-to-date and accurate information to road users.
Trang 8c Read “Delivering road sustainability” passage and answer the following questions.
1 In what ways does ITS contribute to the improved sustainability of roads?
2 What are ITS measures managed from traffic control centres?
3 Why does electronic tolling help decrease the amount of exhaust fumes?
Safe roads and safe driving: ITS plays an important role in both
preventing accidents and mitigating their impacts ITS helps to implement and deliver the ambitious policy objectives as set by national governments or the European Commission.
Although most road users might not perceive it as such, the most common example of safety-related ITS applications is speed limit enforcement through radar and speed cameras But much more has been done in this field of application Road operators have invested a lot of time and money in incident management and accident detection systems These systems provide early warning and identification of incidents on the road They enable a quick response
by emergency services to help victims and other people involved in the incident Furthermore they reduce the impact of the incident on the flow of traffic by guiding traffic around the incident (through road signaling and information provision) and informing travelers of what’s ahead.
ITS is everywhere and, increasingly, within the vehicle itself In-car safety systems increase survival chances in a severe accident and other systems support the driver on the task of accident prevention.
A third field which is important to road safety is the provision of up-to-date and accurate information to road users Within today’s mass media, people have a large display of options available for planning their trip and being kept up-to-date
on road conditions This contributes to their comfort level which in turn has a positive impact on road safety An informed and comfortable driver is a safe driver.
Safe roads and safe driving: ITS plays an important role in both
preventing accidents and mitigating their impacts ITS helps to implement and deliver the ambitious policy objectives as set by national governments or the European Commission.
Although most road users might not perceive it as such, the most common example of safety-related ITS applications is speed limit enforcement through radar and speed cameras But much more has been done in this field of application Road operators have invested a lot of time and money in incident management and accident detection systems These systems provide early warning and identification of incidents on the road They enable a quick response
by emergency services to help victims and other people involved in the incident Furthermore they reduce the impact of the incident on the flow of traffic by guiding traffic around the incident (through road signaling and information provision) and informing travelers of what’s ahead.
ITS is everywhere and, increasingly, within the vehicle itself In-car safety systems increase survival chances in a severe accident and other systems support the driver on the task of accident prevention.
A third field which is important to road safety is the provision of up-to-date and accurate information to road users Within today’s mass media, people have a large display of options available for planning their trip and being kept up-to-date
on road conditions This contributes to their comfort level which in turn has a positive impact on road safety An informed and comfortable driver is a safe driver.
Trang 94 What ITS application limits the negative impacts of surcharged urban road
networks and increases the quality of life in surrounding areas?
5 What are the uses of ITS in business?
Delivering road sustainability: as with road safety, there is no one single way ITS contributes to the improved sustainability of roads There are many ITS applications either aimed at optimizing the available supply of road infrastructure, or reducing demand for it; thereby helping to make road transport more efficient and stabilizing and even reducing its share in causing climate change.
From a road operator’s point of view, life without ITS is unthinkable It is the most important tool to fight congestion and optimize use of the road network Controlled use of the hard shoulder during peak hours, dynamic speed limits, overtaking prohibitions, the display of travel times on variable message signs – all are ITS measures, managed from traffic control centres equipped with the latest technology.
Developments in electronic tolling allow people to use toll roads without having
to stop at toll stations, thereby decreasing the amount of exhaust fumes and obviating the need for ever larger toll plazas Congestion charging schemes allow authorities in dense urban areas to limit the negative impacts of surcharged urban road networks and increase the quality of life in surrounding areas Well known example of congestion charging schemes have been successfully implemented in London, Stockholm and Singapore.
But ITS is not only a tool for infrastructure suppliers Fleet management systems, allowing companies to track and follow their vehicles and manage the logistics chain more efficiently, have their impact on the demand-side.
Delivering road sustainability: as with road safety, there is no one single way ITS contributes to the improved sustainability of roads There are many ITS applications either aimed at optimizing the available supply of road infrastructure, or reducing demand for it; thereby helping to make road transport more efficient and stabilizing and even reducing its share in causing climate change.
From a road operator’s point of view, life without ITS is unthinkable It is the most important tool to fight congestion and optimize use of the road network Controlled use of the hard shoulder during peak hours, dynamic speed limits, overtaking prohibitions, the display of travel times on variable message signs – all are ITS measures, managed from traffic control centres equipped with the latest technology.
Developments in electronic tolling allow people to use toll roads without having
to stop at toll stations, thereby decreasing the amount of exhaust fumes and obviating the need for ever larger toll plazas Congestion charging schemes allow authorities in dense urban areas to limit the negative impacts of surcharged urban road networks and increase the quality of life in surrounding areas Well known example of congestion charging schemes have been successfully implemented in London, Stockholm and Singapore.
But ITS is not only a tool for infrastructure suppliers Fleet management systems, allowing companies to track and follow their vehicles and manage the logistics chain more efficiently, have their impact on the demand-side.
Trang 103 LISTENING
Watch and listen to a video and fill in the blanks with suitable word (s)
maps parking safer real time intelligent traffic system
1 Your future vehicle will be equipped with an intel-atom processor to perform many tasks simultaneously such as improving navigation, communication, and passenger entertainment, or while enabling (1) and more efficient travel
2 Your car will be available to connect to a variety of wireless standard, to the to internet, to (2) and even to other vehicles.
3 Imagine downloading music, movie and TV show from a cloud Want direction? Just ask, you’ll get rounding information complete with rich visible (3) and satellite images.
4 When the fuel level or the battery power start to get low, your vehicle will automatically (4) for fuel or recharging station providing (5) to those with the lowest prices.
5 Inside, camera could recognize (6) and passengers and adapt seating, navigation and entertainment preferences to match.
6 Outside, sensor will detect link departure, sense and response to potential danger such as not slowing down for an upcoming stop zone and continually (7) objects in front of, beside or behind you to avoid collision, assistant (8) , or allow your cruise control to adapt speed to maintain safe distance from the car in front of you.
6 For example, safety camera will identify (9) or accident, or automatically alert an emergency personnel.
7 Intelligent traffic light will become more provident and smarter than today, detecting (10) traffic flow from each direction and other automatically changes circle to improve the traffic flow.