Hướng dẫn ôn thi tốt nghiệp THPT môn lịch sử (theo cấu trúc đề thi của bộ giáo dục và đào tạo) phần 2

- De thiic hien "Chien tranh cue bo", vifa m6i vko mien Nam, M i da cho quan md ngay cuoc hanh quan " t i m diet" vao c&n cuf cua Quan giai phong or Van Tifcrng Quang Ngai.. Quan dan ta

Thin gian

16) TO 16 - 9 den 22 - 10 - 1950 Chien dich Bien gidi thu - dong 1930

thanh Mat tran Lien VieL

cham dul chien tranh, lap lai hoa binh d E>6ng

DiTdng

hoa binh 5 Dong Difdng

quan doi Viet Nam tie'n vao tiep quan ihu do

VIET NAM TLT NAM 1954 BEN NAM 1975

B A I 21

XAY D l / N G C H U NGHIA XA HQI d M I E N B A C D A U TRANH C H O N G

(1954-1975) [IJTINH HINH VA N H I E M V U C A C H M A N G Nl/dC TA

S A U H I E P DjNH GIdNEVd N A M 1954 VE D O N G D J O N G

- Hiep dinh Gicmevd 1954 ve Dong Di/cfng du»c k i ket, da c h ^ duft cu6c chien tranh xam lifdc Viet Nam, Lao, Campuchia cua thUt dan Ph^p c6 de quoc Ml giup sure

- Ve phia ta:

+ Ngky 10 - 10 - 1954, quan ta tien v^o tiep quan Noi trong khong

khi ti/ng bifng cua ng^y hoi giai ph6ng

+ Ngay 01 - 01 - 1955, Trung ifcfng Dang, C h i n h phu v a Chti tich

Ho Chi Minh trd ve Thij do

- V

e phi

a Mi: ngay sau kh

c hie

n

am miAi

chia ca

t Vie

t Nam, bie

N TH AN

H CA

I CA CH R UO NG D AT , KH

OI

PH

UC

KI NH T E, C AI T AO Q UA

N HE S AN X UA

T (1 95

n th an

h ca

i ea ch r up ng d at , kh

oi ph uc k in

h te , ha

- 1957 )

j

a Hodn thanh cai

tnTcfng

cua Trun

g ifcmg, tron

- Qu

a 5 deft ca

i c^c

h ruon

g dat, d

a tic

h th

u khoan

g 8 Ivan hect

o non

g da

n la

o dong

- Ke

t qua: Gia

ruong"

da

dtfcfc thii

c hien

- Sa

i lam: Dai

i to' ca

nhuTng ngtfdi

c6 con

g vd

i eac

h mang, qu

n bo, dan

g vie

n than

h di

a chu

b Khoi phuc kinh

te, han gdn vet

thuang chien tranh

g dan

h an g

t an g

them dan tra

u b6

,

sam

them cong cu H

dUtfc

xay dtfng, c

6 ta

c dung

m d

rgng die

n tich

tiTdfi

va tieu

nifdc

+ Tron

g con

g nghiep, gia

sd con

g nghiep De

n cud

i na

m 1957, mie

ngUcri

lao dong

+ Trong

t hU On g

hoa giora cac

dia phutfn

g ngay cang pha

t trien

; boa

t

dong ngoai

dan trung

Nha n\i6c.

Den cudi

+ Giao thong van tai dutfc chu trong, khoi phuc gan 700 k m difcmg sat,

sufa chfla v a lam mdri hang nghin kilomet difcmg 6 to, xay diftig va md rong them mot so cang nhiT Hai Phbng, Cam Pha, Ben Thuy; dildng hang khong dan dung quoc te difoc khai thong

+ Van hoa giao due difoc day manh Nen giao due difoe phat trien theo hi/dtig xa hoi chu nghla He thong giao due pho thong theo chuong trinh

10 nam da difoc khang dinh, giao due dai hoe dUOe chu y phat trien

+ He thong y te cham soc sure koe cho nhan dan difoe Nha nifde quan

tam xay difng Nep song lanh manh, giOr gin v e sinh diWe van dong thifc hien d kh^p moi ncfi

- Trong giai doan nay, ehinh quyen va quSn doi difac cung eo, tang ci/cmg kha nang phong thu dat nifde, m d rong quan h e ngoai giao

2 Cai tao quan s a n xuat, \i\ictc dau phat t n e n Icitili te - v a n hoa

(1958 - 1960)

- Trong 3 nam tiep theo (1958 - 1960), mien B^e lay cai tao xa hoi chu nghia lam trong tam: cai tao doi vdi cong nhiep, thu cong nghiep, thifcmg nghiep nho, cong thifcfng nghiep tif b a n tif doanh, trong do k h a u chinh la hcrp tac hoa nong nghiep

- Thife hien chu tnfcfng tren, khdp ncfi soi noi phong trao thi dua xay diftig hop tac xa Cuoc vSn d p n g hop tac x a nong nghiep dOtfc tien hanh theo nguyen tdc tiT nguyen, cung c6 loi va quan li dan chu; tifng btfdc dvta

ngifcfi nong dan vao lam an tap the di tif to doi cong len hop tac xa b a c thap, den b a c cao, ttf quy mo nho den quy mo Idn

+ Doi vdi tif san dan toe, cai tao bang phuong phap hoa b i n h , suf dung

mat tich cifc eua tii san dan toe, dtfa ho vao lam an tap the difdi hinh thiifc

cong tif hop doanh

+ Doi vdi life lifcfng tieu thifcfng, ti§u chu, thg t h u cong, di«a vao con difcfng lam an tap the trong cae hop tac xa thu cong nghiep, hop tac xa

mua ban

- Ket qua cai tao la da xoa bo eo b a n che do ngi/di boc lot ngifdi, eo tac dung thuc day san xuat phat trien, nhat la trong dieu kien chien tranh, hap tac xa d a bao d a m dcfi song vat chat, tinh than cho nhiJng ngifcfi ra

di chien dau, phuc vu chien dau

- Dong thcri vdi nhiem vu cai tao xa hoi c h u nghia, cong nghiep quoc

doanh dtfoc lAi tien dau txi xay difng Ben nam 1960, naien Bac c6 172 xi

nghiep Idn do trung Uomg quan li, tren 500 xi nghiep do d i a phi«mg quan 11

-1 Da

u t ra nh choing ch

e d

p M

i Di^m, gif

g (195

4 1959)

Sa

u na

m 1954 , eac

-n tha-n

g 8-1954

- M

l Diem tien han

-h k-hun

g bo, dan ap, liin

g ba

t c^

c rh

a lan

h da

o

phong trao NhiAi

c dan

g phai, ca

2 Ph on

g tra

o D on

g khoTT ' (195

9 1960) I

-* Nguye

n nha

n biiii

g no :

g vie

n b

i gie'

t hai, han

-a nh-a

n manh: ngoa

e A

i (Nin

h Thuan) than

g

02

1959, d Tra Bon

g (Quan

g Ngai) than

g 8

- 1959 , ro

- G i a n g m o t d 6 n n a n g n e vao c h i n h sach thtfc d a n mdri cua M l , l a m

l u n g l a y t a n goc c h i n h quyen t a y sai Ngo D i n h D i e m , d a n h dau bLfcrc

ngoat cua each m a n g m i e n N a m , chuyen each m a n g Hi t h e giuT g i n lUe

li/ong sang t h e tie'n cong

- T h a n g Icfi cua p h o n g t r a o " D o n g k h d i " d i n den sii r a d d i cua M a t

t r a n d a n tpc g i a i p h o n g m i e n N a m V i e t N a m ngay 20 - 12 - 1960

- C h a m dijft t h d i k i o n d i n h tarn thcfi che do tlure d a n mdri cua M i or

m i e n N a m , md r a thcfi k i k h u n g h o a n g cua che do S a i Gon

CUA CHU NGHlAXA HOI (1961 - 1965)

* H o a n c a n h :

- GiuTa lue each m a n g d h a i m i e n N a m - Bac eo nhCftig btfdc t i e n quan

t r o n g D a n g Lao d o n g V i e t N a m t o chute D a i h o i d a i bieu t o a n quoc l a n thi? n i

- D a i h o i hop tCr ng^y 05 d e n 10 - 9 - 1960 d H a N o i

* N o i d u n g D a i h o i :

- D a i h o i de r a n h i e m v u chiein lUtfc cua each m a n g ca nifdc v a n h i e m

v u cua each m a n g t i f n g m i e n ; c h i r o v i t r i , vai t r o cua each m a n g tifng"

m i e n , m o i quan he giaa each m a n g h a i m i e n

- D a i h o i t h o n g qua Bao cao c h i n h t r i , Bao cao sufa chGTa doi D i e u le

D a n g v a t h o n g qua k e hoach N h a nufdc 5 n S m thuT n h a t (1961 - 1965)

n h d m xay difng biidc dau ccf sd v a t chat - k i t h u a t cua chu n g h I a x a h o i ,

t h u t h i e n m o t btfdc cong n g h i e p hoa xa h o i chu n g h i a

- D a i h o i bau B a n Chap h a n h T r u n g utrng m d i cua D a n g H o C h i M i n h

duoc bau l a m C h u t i c h D a n g , L e D u i n gicr chute B i thiT thuf n h a t cua D a n g

2 Mi en B Sc t hi fc h i$

n k

e h oa ch N ha ntfdfc 5

am (1961

- 1965

)

- Nh ie

m v

u cc

f b an cua ke hoach

5 na

th an

h pha

n ki nh te quoc doanh , ca

i t hie

n mo

t biJf

e dsn

song vat chat va v an hoa cua

ha

n da

n la

o dong , cun

t t\i

a a

n n in

h x

a hoi

- Tron

g k in

h te , ngan

- Tron

g non

g nghiep , sa

f n am

n ch

u tnfon

g

xay difng ha

p ta

c x

a s an xuat non

g nghie

p ba

c cao

hi tni&ng , go

p pha

n pha

t trie

n k in

h te C un

n dan

g sat , difcfn

e thua

n Ig

i hon

- He thong

y te , cha

g loa

i

dich benh

d m

ie

n B ac co

an diTcfc xo

a bo

Nhilng t ha nh

n ke hoach

DAC BIET' CU

n IvCdc

"

Ch ie

n t ra nh d ac

c Mi

n t ra nh dac biet:

- TC

r n am 1961

den n am

1965,

Mi thif

c h ie

n N am

-

"C hi en t ra nh dac biet"

la h in

h thuf

c chie

n t ra nh x am luoc th

hi

ki thuat , phiAm

n da

n ta

* A

m mift

i cu

a M i:

- A

m mii

U c

o b an cua "

Ch ie

n t ra nh dac biet"

la "dung ngifcri Vie

t dan

h

ngLfcri Viet"

- M

i d

e r a"

k

e hoac

h Xtala

y Taylo" vd

v on

g 1

8 thang

- Thac hien ke' hoach M i tang ciicmg vien tro quan sif cho Diem, tang

nhanh life lifcmg quan doi Sai Gbn, tien hanh don dan lap "ap chien liicfc",

sijf dung pho bien cac chien thuat mdi "true thdng van", "thiet xa van"

- Vien trcr quan sii cua Mi tSng gap doi Bo chi huy quan sir M i (MACV) ducfc thanh lap t a i Sai Gon ngay 08 - 02 - 1962

+ "Ap chien iMc" difoc xem nhif "XiAmg song" cua "Chien t r a n h dac biet" va nang len thanh "quoc sach" Chiing coi viec lap: Ap chien \Mc"

nhif mot cuoc chien t r a n h tong lift; nhSm day Itfc li/cfng each mang ra khoi cac ap, t^ch dan ra khoi each mang, tien t<Ji ndm dan, thiie hien chifcfng

trinh "binh dinh" mien Nam

- DiTcfc sii h6 t r a cua M i , quan doi Sai Gon lien tiep md cac cuoc hanh quan can quet nhkm tieu diet liic Itfcfng each mang, tien hanh nhOfng hoat dong pha hoai mien Bdc, phong toa bien gidi, vimg bien nhSm ngSn chan sif chi vien cua mien BSc vao mien Nam

2 Mien Nam c h i e n dau chong c h i e n hide X l h i e n t r a n h dac biet"

cua Mi

- Dap ufng yeu cau cua each mang mien Nam, Trung ifcfng Cue mien Nam Viet Nam thanh lap (01 - 1961), cac life lUtmg vu trang each mang

thdng nha't thanh Quan gidi phong mien Nam (05 - 02 - 1961)

- Difdfi ngon cd doan ket cufu nifdc cua Mat tran dan toe giai phong do Dang lanh dao, quan giai phong mien Nam cung vdi nhan dan day manh dau tranh chong M i va chinh quyen Sai Gon, ket hcfp dau t r a n h chinh t r i

\di dau tranh vu trang, noi day vdi tien cong tren ca ba vung chien \iiac

(rifng nui, nong thon, dong bang, do thi), tien cong dich bang ca ba mui chinh t r i , quan sif, b i n h van Cach mang mien Nam Ian lifgt gianh thSng

Icri tren cac mat tran:

- Mat t r a n chong chinh sach binh dinh: Cuoc daii t r a n h ehdng va pha

"Ap chien lifgc" dien ra gay go, quyet liet giuTa t a va dich, eo hang chuc

trieu lifcft ngifcfi tham gia pha "Ap chien liWc" di doi vdi xay difng lang chien dau Vdi quyet tam "mot tac khong di, mot li khong rcfi", nhan dan

mien Nam kien quyet bam dat, giiJ lang, pha the kim kep cua dich

- Sau k h i len lam Tong thdng, Gidnxcfn de ra ke hoach Gidnxcfn - Mac Namara thay the ke hoach Xtalay - Taylo nhiLm tang cifcmg vien tret quan

sif, on dinh chinh quyen Sai Gbn, binh dinh mien Nam c6 trong diem trong 2 nam (1964 - 1965) He thdng "ap chien liWc" tiep tuc bi phd vd

tifng mang Idn Vung giai phong ngay cang md rong

- Mat trcin quan sif:

+ Trong nhOhg nam 1961 - 1962, quan giai phong da day lui nhieu cuoc chien cong, ddng thcfi vdri tien cong tieu diet nhieu don bdt le cua dich

e tang, x

g tra

o "thi

dua Ap Bdc giet

giac lap cong"

day le

n

khap mie

n Nam

+ Tron

g don

g xuan

cong

dich

a

mien Dong Na

dac

biet"

hi ph

a sa

n ve c

o ban

+ Thif

a th^

g sa

u chien

thang Bin

h Gia, qua

h Dinh), B

a Gi

a (Quan

g Ngai), Don

g

Xoai (Bin

h Phadc)

do th

h Diem

BA

I 2

2

NHAN DAN HAI MIE

)

T] CHIE

N DA

U CH ON

G CHIE

N L Ud

C -CHIE

N TRAN

H C UC BO"

CU

A D

E QU OC

Ml 6 MIEN

NAM (1965 -

1968)

1 Ch ie

n hide

"C hi en t ra nh cue bp"

"Chien

tranh dac biet"

va m

d ron

g chie

n t ra nh pha hoa

i mie n

Bac

- "Chie

n t ra nh cue bo

"

la loai hinl

i chie

n tran

h x am lUtfc thif

c da

n mdi,

difOc tie

n ha nh

bang

life lifOn

g qua

n do i

M

l, qua n

dong

minh cua

lai eac

h man

g v

a n ha

n da

n mie n

Nam.'

- De thiic hien "Chien tranh cue bo", vifa m6i vko mien Nam, M i da cho quan md ngay cuoc hanh quan " t i m diet" vao c&n cuf cua Quan giai

phong or Van Tifcrng (Quang Ngai) Tiep do M i md lien hai cuoc phan cong chien lifgc mua kho (dong - xuan) 1965 - 1966 va 1966 - 1967 bang

hang loat cuoc hanh quan " t i m diet" va "binh dinh" vao viing: "dat thdnh Viet Cong"

2 C h i e n dau chd'ng c h i e n Itfofc " C h i e n t r a n h cue bp" c u a M i

- Md dau la thang Igi cf Nui Thanh (Quang Nam), Van Ti/cfng (Quang Ngai)

- 6 Van Tifcfng (Quang Ngai) vao ngay 18 - 8 - 1965, M i huy dong 9000

quan va nhieu xe tang, may bay, tau chien, md cuoc hanh quan vao thon

Van TiTdng nham tieu diet mot don vi chu life cua ta

- Sau mot ngay chien dau, mot trung doan chu liic cua ta cung vdi quan

du kich va nhan dan dia phufcfng da day lui duoc cuoc hanh quan cua dich,

loai khoi vong chien dau 900 dich, ban chay hang ehue xe tang, xe boc thep v^ ha 13 may bay

- Van Tadng difoc coi la "Ap Bac" doi vdi quan M i v a quan dong minh, md

dau cao trao "Tim Ml ma ddnh lung nguy ma diet" tren kh^p mien Nam

- Sau t r a n Van Tufdng kha nang chien thdng M i trong "Chien t r a n h cue bo" cua quan dan ta con tiep tuc dtfOe the hien trong hai miia kho

- Bifdc vao kho thuf nha't (dong - xuan 1965 - 1966) vdi 72 van quan, dich md dot phan cong vdi 450 cuoc hanh quan, trong do c6 5 cuoc hanh

quan " t i m diet" Idn, nham vao hai hadng chien lifgc chinh d Dong Nam

Bo va Lien IQiu V, vdi muc tieu danh bai Quan giai phong

Quan dan ta trong the tran chien t r a n h nhan dan, vdi nhieu phiRjng

thdc tac chien, da chan danh dich tren moi hirdng, chu dong tien cong dich tren khap moi noi Quan ta da loai khoi vong chien dau 104 000 dich, ban rcri 1 430 may bay

- Btfdc vao mua kho t h d hai (dong - xuan 1966 - 1967), vdi life lUtfng diWc tang len hom 98 van quan, chiing md dot phan cong vdi 895 cuoc hanh quan,

trong do c6 3 cuoc hanh quan Idn "tim diet" va "binh dinh", Idn nhat la cuoc

hanh quan Gianxon Xiti danh vao can cuf DifOng M i n h Chau (Bac Tay Ninh),

nham tieu diet quan chu life va eo quan dau nao eija ta

Cung vdi nhiifng cuoc chu dong tien cong dich tren chien tnfdng T r i

-Thien, Di/dng so' 9 quan ta md hang loat t r a n phan cong danh bai cac cuoc hanh quan " t i m diet" va "binh dinh" cua dich Loai khoi vong chien dau 151 000 ten dich, ban roi 1 231 may bay

- ( 5

h au

khap

c ac v un

g no ng t ho

n, qu an c hu ng

a diJ ng l en d au

ra nh c ho ng a ch

k im

ep c ua

dich,

p

ha

ti fn

g ma ng

"Ap

chien luge".

Trong

h au

khap

cAc

th

^m h

c t an g

Idp

n ha

n da

n l ao d on

g kh ac , ho

c s in h,

sinh vien, Pha t

tuf,

bi nh s i

Sai Gon

d au

ra nh d oi

Mi

r

ut ve n ifd c,

doi

XAI

do dan

g di/o c

md

r on

g, uy t in c ua

Mat

ra n

dan

toe

giai

p ho

n tn fc fn

g qu oc t

e

- Den

c uo

i na m

1967, Mat

ra

n gi

ai ph on g

c6

ccf qua n

th iX

t ca

c nxidc

xa

h oi c hu n gh ia v a

d

m ot

so

nUdc

t he

h cu a

Mat

ra

n difcf c

te, 5 to

chute

kh

u

vifc le

n t ie ng u ng h

o

3 Cu pc T on

g tie

n con

g v

a n

oi da

y T

et Ma

u T ha

n n am

1968

* Hoan

c an h:

- Biidc

v ao m ua

ua n

1968,

x ua

t ph

at ti

i n ha n

dinh so sanh lot liion

g

th ay d oi

c6

Icfi

c ho

a s au

ai

ua k ho

- Na

m 196

8 ta lo

i du ng m au

hu an

of

Mi tr on

g na

u t ni cf ng

md

ot cuoc

Tong

t ie

n co ng

tr on

g ta rn l

a d

o t hi

* Muc

d ic h:

Nham

t ie

u di

et mo

t b

o p ha

n liT

c

lii Mig

h do n

manh

v ao c hi nh q uy en

va

q ua

n dp i

Sai Go n

n ve t ay

ha

n da

n, hu ge

Ml

ha

i da

m p ha n,

nit qua

n v e

niidc

* Die

n bien:

- Cuo

c Tong

t ie

n co ng v

a no

i da

y difO c

md

d au

b an

n lugr

c cu

a q ua

n ch

u lif

e va

o ha u

khap

c ac

do thi

t ro ng

dem 30

rang

sa ng n ga

g v

a n

oi da

y d ie

n ra

a dot : 3

0 01 den

25

- 02

;

th an

g 5 va 6;

th an

g 8 v

a 9

- 1968

- Ta

i Sa

i Gon , qu an g ia

i ph on

g ti en c on

Toa

d

ai su T

i, Din

h "Doc

l ap

en

h bi et

khu Thu

d o,

Tong

n ha c an h

* Ket

q ua :

TCf

t ro ng cuoc

Tong

t ie

n co ng v a

noi day , c 6

t he

i c ho ng

Mi,

c ho ng c hi nh q uy en

Sai Go

n xua

t hien ,

m

at

tran

do an k et d an t oe , c ho ng M

toe, dan chu hod

binh d

Sai Gon , Hu

Idp

t ri

thijfc, i\i

s an d an

toe

tien bo

- Cuoc Tong tien cong va ndi day Tet Mau Than da danh don bat ngcf, lam cho dich choang vang NhUng do liic Itfcrng dich con dong (hcfn nijfa trieu linh Mi va dong minh, gan 1 trieu quan dpi Sai Gon) ccf sd d thanh thi manh, nen chiing da nhanh chong to chufc lai liTc lifong phan cong quan ta gap khong it kho khan va ton that Quan each mang vao chiem

giur thanh phd trong deft 1 hi day ra ngoai

* Y nghia: Mac du c6 nhOng ton that va han che do, cuoc Tong tien cong va noi day c6 y nghia het sure to lorn:

- Lam lung lay y chi xam li/oc cua quan M i , buoc M i phai tuyen bd "phi

1 M l tien hanh chien tranh khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien B^c

- Cudl nam 1964 dau nam 1965, dong thori v6i day manh chien tranh xam lUOc mien Nam, Mi md rong chien t r a n h khong quan va hai quan

pha hoai mien Bdc

- Ngay 05 - 8 - 1964 sau k h i difng len "su kien Vinh Bdc Bo", M i cho

may bay nem bom ban pha mot so' noi d mien Bae, nhii cijfa song Gianh (Quang Binh), Vinh - Ben Thuy (Nghe An), Lach Tradng (Thanh Hoa), thi xa Hon Gai (Quang Ninh)

- Ngay 07 - 02 - 1965, lay cdr "tra dua" viec Quan giai phong mien Nam tien cong doanh trai quan M i cr Playcu, M i cho may bay nem bom b i n pha thi xa Dong H ^ , dao Con Co (Quang Tri) , chinh thufc gay ra cuoc chien tranh bang khong quan va hai quan pha hoai mien Bac (Ian thijf nhat)

- Tien hanh chien tranh pha hoai, M i am miiii pha tiem life k i n h te, quoc phong, pha cong cuoc xay difng chii nghia xa hoi cr mien Bac; ngan chan nguon chi vien ttf ben ngoai vao mien Bac va tCr mien Bac vao mien Nam; uy hiep tinh than, lam lung lay y chi chdng Mi cua nhan dan ta d

hai mien dat midc

2 Mie

n B

Sc vita,

s an xuat vijf

- Tron

g chie

n dau, mie

- Tron

g sa

n xuat, mie

+ Tron

g non

g nghiep, die

+ Tron

g con

g nghiep, nan

g lif

e sa

n xua

t d mot so' ngan

h diiac

giuT viifng,

+ Gia

o thon

g va

n tai, da

i mie

n Na

m ruo

t thit, mie

quan khong thieu mot

i han

g nghi

n ca

y so, d

g 4 nam (1965 -

c v

u chie

n dau, xa

y difn

g kin

h te, va

n difcfc

,

quan trang, qua

n dung, xan

g dau, Itfcm

g thifc, thi/

c pham, thuo

h chun

g suf

c ngifcfi, siJ

I EN DA

a MI

- That bai trong chien lijgc "Chien tranh cue bo" Ml chuyen sang

chien Itfoc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" va "Dong Difcfng hoa chien tranh"

- Chien liJOC "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" difoc tien hanh bang liic lifcmg quan dpi Sai Gon la chu yeu, c6 sii phoi hop ve hoa liTc, khong quan

Ml, va v i n do M i chi huy bkng he thong co van

- Dg thifc hien chien liWc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" M i da:

+ Rut dan quan M i va quan dong minh khoi chien tranh de giam xi/cfng mau

+ TSng ciidng lifc lilcmg quan dpi Sai Gbn nh&m thiTc hien am miiU

"dung ngii&i Viet d^nh ngtfdi Viet"

- M i diing life lii^ng quan doi Sai Gbn de thifc hien "Dong Duofng hoa

chien tranh"

- M i con dung thu doan ngoai giao nhtf: Icfi dung mau thu&n Trung - X6,

thoa hiep vod Tnmg Quoc, hoa hoan vdi Lien X6 nhkm han che sif giup dd

cua cac nifdc do doi vdi cuoc khang chien cua nhan dan ta

2 C h i e n dau chong chien Ividc "Vi#t Nam hoa chien tranh" va

"Dong Difcfng hoa chien tranh" cua M L

- Chien dau chong chien li/oc "Viet Nam ho^ chien tranh" 1^ chong lai cuoc chien tranh xam liiOc toan dien difpc tang cifc/ng va md rong ra toan

Dong Difcmg, vixa chien dau chong chien dich tren chien tnicfng, vtfa dau

tranh vdi dich tren ban dam phan

- Ngay 06 - 6 - 1969, Chinh phu each mang lam thcfi Cong hoa mien Nam Viet Nam dutrc thanh lap Vifa ra dcfi, Chinh phu each mang lam thcfi da

difcfc 23 ntf6c cong nhan, trong do c6 21 nifcfc dat quan he ngoai giao

- GiiJa luc cuoc chien chong M i cufU midc cua nhan dan ta 6 ca hai mien

dang tren da thing Igi, thi Chu t i d i Ho Chi Minh qua dbi ngay 02 - 9 - 1969

Do \k mot ton that l&n, kliong gi c6 the bii dSp do'i vdi dan tpc ta, doi vcJi

c^ch mang nifdc ta

- Thuc hien di chiic cua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh, nhSn dan d hai mien

day manh khang chien chong M i cuHi nifdc

- Trong hai nSm 1970 - 1971, nhan dan ta ciing vdi nhan dan hai nifotc

Campuchia va Lao gianh nhflng thSng Ipi c6 y nghia chien Iifpe tren mat tran quan sif va chinh t r i

+ Trong hai ngay 24 va ngay 25 - 4 - 1970, Hoi nghi cap cao ba niidfc Viet Nam - Lao -Campuchia hop nhkm bieu t h i quyet tarn cua nhan dan

ba niidc Dong Difcfng doan ket chien dau chong M l

+ Tii

ngay 30

- 4 d en ngay 30

- 6

- 1970 , qua

n do

i V ie

t N am

n Campuchi

a d

a da

p ta

n cuo

c ha nh quan x

am

li/g

c

Campuchia v

a qua

n dp

i Sa

i Go

n, loa

i k ho

i v on

u v im

g r on

g I dn d

at da

i v

di 4,

5 tr ie

u dan

+ Tii

ngay 1

2 02 den ngay

23 -3

- 1971 , qua

n dp

i V ie

t N am

a t ap t an cupc ha nh quan m an

g te n

i k ho

c qua

n M

i v a

quan dpi Sa

i G on n

it kh

oi diJcfn g

9 N

-am

Lao,

giuT hk nh la ng chien

lu

»c eac

h m an

g D on

g Dtfong

- Th

^g I

pi tr en m

at tr an quan sii d

a h

o tr

h c hin

h t ri, chong

"

bi nh d in h"

+ d k hS

p ca

c th an

h t hi , p ho ng t ra

o cu

a ca

c ta ng

c bie

t d

Sai Go

n, Hu

e, Da N Sn

g, ph on

g tr

ao ho c

ut don

g da

o gid

i t re t ha

m gia

+ T

ai ca

c vim

g n on

g t ho

n, don

g bk ng , rifn

g n iii , ve

n d

o t hi , khS

h d in h" ph

1971, eac

h m an

g g ia nh quyen la

m chi

i t he

u dan

3 CuQ

C t ie

n con

g c hi en

hide

na m

1972

- Ng ay 30

- 3

- 1972

, t a

m

d cup

c T ie

n con

g d an

g Tr

i l am

hxi&ag

t ie

n con

g ch

u yeu , ro

i ph

at tr ie

n ro

n t n/c mg m ie

n Na

m

- De

n cuo

i th an

g 6

- 1972 , qua

n ta choc th un

g b

a ph on

g tu

h la Q ua ng T ri , T ay N gu ye

n, Do ng N am

n da

u ho

n 2

0 va

n dic

h, gia

i ph on

g nh ie

u vii

- Sa

u d6

n md dau b

at ngc

r cu

a qua

n ta , qua

y ch

o ta n hie

u t hie

t h ai M

h p ha h oa

i m ie

n BSc

Cupc tie

n con

g chie

n luo c

n am

1972 d

a gian

g do

n n an

m ho

a chie

n tr an h"

h x am lifpc (tijf

c thiiC

a n ha

n t ha

t ba

i cu

a "Vie

t N am hoa chie

n tranh")

"ivi MI EN B AC KHOI

PH UC V

A HOI ,

G CH IE

1 M i e n B d c k h o i p h u c v a p h a t t r i e n k i n h te - x a h o i

- Trong tiong nghiep, t a c6 m o t so chu t n i o n g k h u y e n k h i c h san xuat Chan nuoi diiac dtfei len t h a n h n g a n h c h i n h C a c h o p tac x a t i c h cUC ap

dung tien bo kho a hoc - k i thuat, n h i e u b i e n p h a p t h a m c a n h t a n g vu

Nhcf do, nhieu hop ta c x a dat dtfac muc t i e u 5 t a n , m o t so' h o p tac x a dat tir 6 den 7 tan S a n iMng \Mng thifc n a m 1970 t a n g hcfn 60 v a n u^ih so

vdi nam 1968

- Trong cong nghiep, nhieu cO sd cong n g h i e p t r u n g ifcfng va dia philcmg bi t a n p h a diiOc khoi phuc n h a n h chong N h i e u cong t r i n h dang lam dang dd dUWc OU tien dau Ui xay difng t i e p , dtfa vao b o a t dong

- H e thong giao thong v a n tai, n h a t l a cac t u y e n giao t h o n g chieia lifoc,

bi pha hoai n a n g ne diWc k h a n trtfcfng k h o i phuc

- V a n hoa, giao due, y te, cung n h a n h chong dtfcfc k h o i phuc va p h a t trien DcJi sang n h a n dan on dinh M o t so k h o k h a n do sai l a m k h u y e t d i e m cua t a trong chi dao, quan K k i n h te - x a h o i biidc dau dutfc khac phuc

2 M i e n B a c vvCa c h i e n d a u c h o n g c h i e n t r a n h p h a h o a i vvfa s a n

xuat v a l a m n g h i a v u h a u phxi<ing

- Ngay 06 - 4 - 1972, M i cho m a y bay n e m b o m b a n p h a m o t so noi thuoc k h u I V cu Ngay 16 - 4 - 1972, Nichxcm t u y e n bo c h i n h thuTc gay r a cuoc chien t r a n h khong quan v a h a i q u a n p h a h o a i m i e n BSc ( I a n thuT hai); den ngay 09 - 5 - 1972, t u y e n bo' p h o n g toa cang H a i P h o n g cCing cac cuCa song, luong lach, v i m g b i e n m i e n Bdc

- N h d d i « c chuan bi tnAJc v a vdri t i f t h e luon l u o n sSn sang chie'n dSu, mien B a c da c6 the chu dong, k i p thcri chong t r a d i c h ngay t i f t r a n dau

- Ngay 14 - 12 - 1972, g a n 2 t h a n g sau k h i t u y e n bo' ngifng n e m bom pha m i e n B d c til v i t u y e n 20 t r d r a , de ho trcf cho mUU do c h i n h t r i - ngoai giao mdi, Nichxcfn phe c h u a n ke hoach mor cuoc t a p k i c h k h o n g quan bSng m a y bay B 5 2 vao H a N o i v a H a i P h o n g b d t dau tiT chieu t o i 18 den het ngay 2 9 - 12 - 1972

- Quan d a n t a d m i e n B S c da d a n h t r a d i c h nhuTng d o n d i c h dang iii

t r a n dau v a da danh bai h o a n t o a n cuoc t a p k i c h k h o n g q u a n cua M i , l a m

nen t r a n "Dien Bien Phu tren khong" T a da b a n rcfi 8 1 m a y bay ( t r o n g

do 34 may bay B 5 2 , 5 m a y bay F i l l ) , b d t song 43 p h i cong M i T i n h

chung, trong c a cuoc chien t r a n h p h a hoai I a n thijf h a i (tii 06 - 4 - 1972

den 15 - 01 - 1973), m i e n B S c b a n r a i 735 m a y bay M i ( t r o n g do c6 61 may bay B 5 2 , 10 may bay F i l l ) , ban c h i m 125 t a u chie'n, l o a i k h o i v o n g chien dau h a n g tram phi cong M i

- "Bien Bien Phu

tren khong"

la tran th^ng

quyet din

h cu

a ta , ^

t don

g chon

g p ha mien

h Par

i v

e ch am duTt ch ie

n t ra nh , la

Tron

g die

u k ie

n tifcfn

g do

i ho

a bin

h, c

a tr on

ng lor

n kha nan

n danh pha

y phon

o da

txi be

n ng oa

i v

a ch

i v ie

n t he

n trtfcm

g La

o v

a Campuchia

VJ HIE

P DIN

H PAR

I NAM

1973 V

LAI

HOA BINH

u tr an

n t ra nh v

a tiuAlk^

Itfrtng d

Hpi ngh

i Pa

u n

oi de

n dam

phan vdi Vie

h thiJ

e h

ai ben , giflS

y 2

5 01

- 1969 , di§

n r

a h

oi ng

hi bo

n be

n d Pari

2 Hi^

p di nh P ar

i 197

3 v

e ch am

Avtt c

hi en t ra nh , l^

p la

i h

oa

binh

dV i^ tN

am

- Qua

n die

m cu

a ta: do

i M' ru

n da

n to

e ca

ban cua nha

n

dan Viet Na

m v

a qu ye

n t

if quye

t cu

a n ha

n da

n mi en

Nam Viet Nam

- Phi

a

Mi c

6 qu an d ie

m ngifo

c lai , n ha

i qua

n

doi mie

n Bi(*;*^n

g ru

t kho

i mie

n Nam, v

m dif

a r

a (1

0 1972) d

y B5

2 va

o H

a Noi, Ha

i Phon

g trong

do buo

c phia Viet Na

m k

i di

f tha

n "Tran EHen Bien

dinh Pari d

o t

a doa.

ra

tnJiSc do

- Hie

p d in

h Par

i

ki ch in

h thuT

c nga

y 2

7 01

n ch

o ca

c ch in

h ph

u t ha

m di

f ho

i n gh

i ta

i Pari

- Noi dung Hiep dinh:

+ Hoa K i va cac niidc cam ket ton trong doc lap, chu quyen, thong nhat va toan ven lanh tho cua Viet Nam

+ Hai ben ngtftig ban a Viet Nam vao 24 gict ngay 27 - 01 - 1973 vk Hoa

Ki cam ket cham dutt moi boat dgng quan sU chong mien Bac Viet Nam + Hoa K i n i t het quan dpi ciia minh va quan dong m i n h , huy bo cac can cuf quan sif M l , cam ket khong tiep tuc dinh Uu quan stf hoac can thiep vao cong viec noi bo cua mien Nam Viet Nam

+ Nhan dan mien Nam Viet Nam tU quyet dinh tifcmg l a i chinh t r i thong qua tong tuyen cijf tif do, khong c6 sU can thiep cua niJdc ngoai

+ Cdc ben thiia nhan thiic te mien Nam Viet Nam c6 hai chinh quyen,

hai quan doi, hai vCing kiem soat va ba luc lifong chinh t r i (lUfc lifcmg each mang, lire Itfong hoa binh trung lap va life lifong chinh quyen Sai Gon) + Hai ben tien hanh trao tra tu binh va dan thifcrng b i bat

+ Hoa K i cam ket gop phan vao viec ban gSn vet thiftjng chien tranh d Viet Nam va Dong Difcmg tien tori thiet lap quan he binh thiidng va ding

- Y nghia:

+ Hiep dinh Pari ve Viet Nam la thSng loi cua sif ket hdp gputa dau tranh

quan sir, dau tranh chinh t r i va dau tranh ngoai giao, \h ket qua cua cuoc dau

tranh kien ctfcmg, bat khuat cua quan dan ta d hai mien dat nifdc, mcf ra

bifdc ngoat m6i cua cuoc khang chien chong M i ciifU midc ciia dan toc.^

+ V(Ji Hiep dinh Pari, M l phai cong nhan cac quyen dan toe c<J ban cua

nhan dan ta, phai rut het quan ve n\i6c Do la thang l o i lich stir quan

trong, tao ra thcfi co thuan loi de nhan dan ta tien len giai phong hoan toan mien Nam

GIAI PHONG HOAN TOAN MIEN NAM (1973 - 1975)

T ] MIEN BAC KHOI PHUC VA PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HOL RA SlJC CHI VIEN CHO MIEN NAM

- Hiep dinh Pari nam 1973 ve Viet Nam, quan M i buoc phai n i t khoi

nifdrc ta, lam thay doi so s^nh life lifcmg or mien Nam c6 lai cho each

mang Mien Bdc t r d lai hoa binh, tien hanh kh^c phue hau qua chien tranh, khoi phuc va phat trien k i n h te - xa hoi, ra sufc chi vien cho tien tuyen mien Nam \

- Ben

cuoi than g

di va

o cup c

h te, h

e thon

g thu

y nong, man

g Itfd

i gia

o thong, con

a ho

i d mien

nien xung phong, ca

n b

g

chuyen mon, nha

hai than

g da

u na

m 1975, mie

- V

e va

t cha

t k

-l thuat, mie

lutfc d

mien Nam

7]

M IE

N NA

M DA

U TR AN

H C HO NG DjCH 'B IN

H DjNH

- LA

HjC,

TI EN

T

6|

GI

AI PH ON

G H OA

N TO

AN

- V6i

Hiep dinh Pari na

m 1973, t

a "ddnh

cho Mi cut"

eo'

van quan sii, la

- EhftJ

C C O

van M

i ch

i hu

y v a

nhan vien

trp

eua Mi, ehin

i Hie

p din

h Pari, chun

g hu

y dpn

g

gan nhif toa

hen tiep

md

nhutng cup

c

hanh quan

"Binh dinh

- Ida chiem"

vung gia

i phong Da

- V

e phi

a ta, vie

- Tron

g cup

c

dau tranh chdng dic

h "binh

dinh Idn chiem",

ehdng a

m

milU

"tran ngdp Idnh tho"

- Thang 7 - 1973, Ban Chap hanh Trung Lfcmg Dang hop Hoi nghi Ian thil 21 Hoi nghi neu ro nhiem vu co ban ciia each mang mien Nam trong giai doan hien tai la tiep tue cuoc each mang dan toe dan chii nhan dan Hoi nghi nhan manh trong bat a i t i n h hinh nao cung phai tiep tuc con di/cfng each mang bao liic, phai nam viftig chien lugc tien cong, kien quyet dau tranh tren ca ba mat tran quan sif, chinh t r i , ngoai giao

- Thtfc hien Nghi quyet Hoi nghi Trung ifcfng Ian thijr 21 eua Dang, tit cuoi nam 1973 quan dan ta d mien Nam \iia kien quyet danh t r a , quyet danh dich, bao ve vung giai phong, viia chu dong md nhCtng cuoc tien cong dich, md rpng vung giai phong

- Cuoi nam 1974 dau nam 1975, ta md dot boat dong quan sif Dong - Xuan vac hifdmg Nam Bo, trong tarn la d&ng bang song CijIU Long va Dong Nam Bo

Quan ta da g i i n h thang Icri vang doi trong chien dich DiTcmg 14 - Fhxidc Long

- Sau chien thang nay cua ta, chinh quyen Sai Gon phan utng manh difa quan chiem l a i , nhtfng da that bai Con M i chi phan ufng yeu <Jt, chu ye'u dimg ap life tif xa de doa

- Pho'i hop vdfi dau tranh quan sif, nhan dan ta d mien Nam day manh

daii tranh chinh t r i , ngoai giao nham to cao hanh dong cua M i va chinh quyen Sai Gron v i pham Hiep dinh, pha hoai hoa binh, hoa hop dan toe, neu cao t i n h chat chinh nghIa cuoc chien dau ciia nhan dan ta; doi lat do

chinh quyen Nguyin Van Thieu, thiic hien cac quyen tif do, dan chu

m] GIAI PHONG HOAN TOAN MIEN NAM, GIANH TOAN VEN LANH THO

TO QUOC

1 C h u trvfoTng, ke h o a c h giai phong m i e n N a m

- Cuoi nam 1974 - dau nam 1975, trong tinh h i n h so sanh liic lifong d mien Nam thay doi mau le co loi cho each mang, Bo Chinh t r i Trung ifong Dang de ra ke hoach giai phong hoan toan mien Nam trong hai nam

1975 va 1976

- Nhiftig Bo Chinh t r i nhan manh "cd nam 1975 Id thai ca" va chi ro

"neu thai ca den vao dau hoac cuoi nam 1975 thi lap tiic giai phong mien Nam trong nam 1975" Bo Chinh t r i cung nhan manh sif can thiet tranh

thu thcfi CO danh thang nhanh de dd thiet hai ve ngifdi va cua cho nhan

dan, giiJ gin tot co sd k i n h te, cong t r i n h van hoa giam b<Jt sif tan pha

cua chien tranh

2 CuQC Tong t i e n cong v a noi day X u a n 1975

Cuoc tong tien cong va ndi day Xuan 1975 da d i i n ra trong gan 2 thang (tif 04 - 3 den 02 - 5) qua 3 chien dich 1dm: Tay Nguyen, Hue - Da NSng va chien dich Ho Chi Minh

a Chien dich Tdy

Nguyen (tU

04

3 den 24-3)

hi

kl thua

t

hien dai, md chien dich quy m

o l&n

d

Tay Nguyen Tra

c do

,

ngay 0

4 3,

quan ta danh nghi bin

g do) Nga

-e thon

g

phong th

u cu

a dic

h d Tay Nguye

n run

g chuyen, qua

n dudng

^ n

it chay, chiin

g

hi qua

n t

a tniy kich tieu diet De

Chien dich

Tdy Nguyen thdng lai

dd chuyen cugc khdng

chien chong

Ml

ciiu nuac sang giai

doom, mcri:

tit tien cong chien

licac d Tdy Nguyen phot

trien thanh Tong tien

cong chien licgc tren

toan chien truang mien

Nam

b Chien dich Hue

- Dd Ndng (tU

21

3 den

29 3)

Nha

n tha

y thd

i ca

chien li/oc de

n nhanh, he

t sur

e thua

n loi, nga

y kh

i

chien dich Tay Nguye

n dan

g tie

p dien B

c tie

n tie

n

hanh chien dich giai phon

g Hu

e

Da NSng

- Nga

y 2

1 3,

quan

ta dan

h th^

g va

o ca

n cij

f dich, cha

- D

a Nin

g, than

ve

day tr

d ne

n ho

n loan, ma

quan t

a tC

f b

a phi

a BSc, Tay, Na

f cuo

i th^n

g 3 den

thang 4 , nhan

dan

cac

tinh co

n la

i d ven hien mien Trung, Na

c Chien dich Ho Chi Mink (tic 26 - 4 den 30 - 4)

- Sau tfaluog: Im Chien dich Tay Nguyen va Hue - Da NSng, Bo Chinh

tri Tning Mag £)ang ta nhan dinh "Thai ca chien luge da den, ta c6 dieu kien hoan thanh sam quyet torn gidi phong mien Nam"; ttf do di den quyet dinh 'Phai tap trung nhanh nhdt luc lugng, binh khi, ki thuat vd

Chien dich giai phong Sai Gon dutfc Bo Chinh t r i quyet dinh mang ten

Chien dich Ho Chi Minh (14 - 4 - 1975)

- TnJftc khi bdt dau chien dich giai phong Sai Gon, quan ta tien cong Xuan Lgc va Phan Rang - nhCfng cSn ciif phong thu trong yeu cua dich bao

ve Sai Gon ijti phia Dong

- 17 gid ngay 2 6 - 4 , quan ta duoc lenh tong no sung ma dau chien dich, 5 canh quan vtfcrt qua tuye'n phong thu vong ngoai cua dich tien vao tnmg tarn Sai Gon, danh chiem cac ccf quan dau nao cua chung

- 10 gid 45 phiit ngay 30 - 4, xe tang cua ta tien t h i n g vao Dinh Doc Lap, b^t song toan bo Chinh phu Trung ifcfng Sai Gon, Dtfcmg Van Minh vQia len chiJt Tong thong Chinh phu Sai Gon ngay 28 - 4 da phai tuyen

bo dau hang khong dieu kien 11 gicJ 30 phut cung ngay, la ccf each mang tung bay tren noc Dinh Doc L4p bao hieu sii toan t h i n g cua Chien dich

Ho Chi Minh lich suT

Ivl N G U Y E N NHAN THANG LOl, Y N G H T A U C H sCf C U A C U O C KHANG CHIEN CHONG Ml CCfU N U ^ C (1954 - 1975)

1 Nguyen n h a n thang loTi

- Nhd CO srf lanh dao sang suot cua Dang diJng dau la Chu tich Ho Chi

Minh vdi dd^n^ Im chinh t r i , quan sif doc lap, tif chu; dtfcfng lo'i tien hanh dong tih&i c^ich mang xa hoi chu nghia d mien Bic va each mang dan toe dan chu nhan dan d mien Nam dung d i n , sang tao vdi phiTcfng phap dau tranh Unh boat, ket hop vdi dau tranh quan sii - chinh t r i - ngoai giao

- Nhan dan ta d hai mien giau long yeu ni/dc, doan ket, nhat t r i , lao dong can cu, chien daii dung cam vi sif nghiep giai phong mien Nam, xay dung bao ve mien Bic, thong nhat nude nha

- Nhd CO hau phifcmg mien Bic khong ngtfng Idn manh, c6 kha nang dap ling kip thcfi cac yeu cau cua cuoc chien dau d hai mien

- Nhd sif phm hap chien dau, doan ket giup 6d nhau trong qua trinh

daii tranh chong ke thii chung cua ba dan toe or Dong Dtfcfng

- Nhd CO sil dong tinh, ung ho va giup d9 to Icfn cua cac luc liiong each mang, hoa Innh, dan chu tren the gidi, nhat la Lien Xo, T r u i ^ Quoc va cac nilftc xa hoi dm n ^ a khac; phong trao cua nhan dan M i va nhan dan the gi^ phan dm cuoc chien tranh xam luoc Viet Nam cua de quoc M i

2 Y nghia

lich stir

g nha

t da

t nUdc

-i nguye

n da

t nxidc

doe lap , thon

xa hoi

lich sii cua dan

tgc ta nhii mot

trong nhUng trang choi

Igi nhat, mot bieu

ticgng sang ngai ve

sU todn

thdng cua chu nghla

anh hiing each mang

va tri tue con

ngitai va

di vao

lich sd the giai

nhu mot chien cong

vi dai cua the

ki XX, mot sU

kien c6

torn quan trong quoc

te to l&n va.

eo tinh thai dai

sou sdc"

lOT SO Stf KI EN L IC

H SL ' V IE

El

Th^i gia

n Srfkifn

DNgayOl -0

1

1955 Toan

linh Phap cuoi cun

2) Nga

y 14-5-195

6 Chinh

phu Phap gdi ch

van tai qua

4) Na

m 195

9

1960 Nhan

dan Viet Na

T Nguy, chuye

5)TLf05den 12-9

- 196

0 Dai hp

6)Ngay 20- 12

- 196

0 Mat tra

7)Ngay 15 -02- 1961 Cac life lUdng vu trang each mang thong nhat thanh quan

Giai phong mien Nam

8)Tir07 - 02- 1965 den

01-11-1968

Mien Bac chien da'u chong chien tranh pha hoai bang khong quan va hai quan Ian thuT nhat cua MI, vCfa chien dau vtfa san xuat

9)TO31- lden25 - 2 - 1968 Cuoc tap kich chien Itfdc Te't Mau Than md dau cuoc Tong

tien cong va noi day dong loat nam 1968 ciia quan dan mien Nam chong chien lifdc "Chien tranh cue bo" cua MI (hai ddt tiep theo 05 - 5 den 16 - 6 va 17 - 8 den 23 - 9) 10)Tirl3 - 5 - 1968 den

27 -01 - 1973

Hoi nghi bon ben hop d Pari ban giai phap cham diift chien

tranh, lap lai hoa binh cl Viet Nam

ll)Tir06den08-6 - 1969 Dai hoi dai bieu quoc dan mien Nam Viet Nam hop, bau

Chinh phu each mang Lam thdi Cong hoa mien Nam Viet

Nam va Hoi dong co van Chinh phu

12) Ngay 2 - 9 - 1969 Chu tich Ho Chi Minh qua ddi

13) Ngay 1 8 - 3 - 1970 MI chi dao bon tay sai lam cuoc dao chinh quan siT lat do

Chinh phu trung lap Xihaniic, thanh lap Chinh phu bii nhin tay sai London, mcl rong chien tranh xam lifdc Campuchia

14)Tir24den25-4 - 1970 Hoi nghi cap cao ba niTctc Dong DiTdng hop de khdng dinh

quye't tam cua nhan dan ba niTdc doan ke't chong MI 15) Ngay 30 - 3 - 1972 Md dau cuoc tien cong chien lifdc nam 1972 ciia quan dan

d mien Nam chong chie'n liTdc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" ciia Ml

16) TO 06-4 - 1972 den

15 -01 - 1973 Mien Bac chie'n dau chong chie'n tranh pha hoai Ian thijr hai cua MI 17)Tirl8den29- 12- 1972 Mien Bac danh bai cuoc tap kich chie'n liTdc 12 ngay dem

cua MI lam nen "Dien Bien Phu" tren khong

18) Ngay 27 -01 - 1973 Hiep dinh Pari ve vice cham diJt chie'n tranh lap lai hoa

binh cl Viet Nam

19) Ngay 29 - 3 - 1973 MI rut he't quan xam lifdc khoi Viet Nam

20)Tur(M-3denO2-5-1975 Tong tien cong va noi day mua Xuan 1975 Chie'n dich Tay

Nguyen (04 - 3 den 24 - 4) Hue - Da Nang (21-3 den 29 - 3) Ho Chi Minh (26 - 4 den 30 - 4)

ChircfnfiU

VI ET NAM

2000

BA I2

CHONG

Ml CL/

U NJ dC NAM

1975

TJTINH

HINH HAI

MIEN

B AC

ai qu

a hcf

n ha

i mifcf

i nS

m (195

4 1975)

-tie

n h^

nh each m

t dtid

c nhOfn

g th an

-l t hu

at ba

n tr an

h p ha h oa

i ba ng k ho ng quan va

t silf

c Ac liet, d

a ta

n ph

- Mi en N am da h oa

n to an g ia

i phong , ch

e d

o thif

c da

n md

h quye

n Sa

i G6

n d t ru ng Udng

bi su

p do , nhifti

g c

o s

d

ch in

h qu ye

n na

y d d ia phifcfng cun

g ba

o

di ha

i xa h

n tr an

h cu

a

Mi ga

y ra hau qua n an

g ne Nh ie

u la ng mac, don

g

ru on

g

bi t^

n phA.

Nufa tr ie

u hect

a ru on

g da

t

bi b

o hoang

at do

c ho

a ho

c va b om d an cay xd

i V

6 so ' b om m in con v

g vifdn , ncf

i ci

f t ru cua nh an dan

Dp

i n gu t

ha

t nghie

p

c6 td

i h an

g tr ie

u n gii di.

So' ngiTd

i m

u chu

f c hie

m

ti l

e Id

n t ro ng d

an

cii

- Mi en N am c6 nh ie

u ne

n ki nh t§' tr on

g chCfn

g mif

c nh

n the

o hi/dn

g t\i

b an , son

g v

e c

d b an v an m an

g ti nh chat cu

p la

c ha

u, sa

n xua

t nh

o v

a ph an t an p ha

t tr ie

g n

e va

o vie

n tr

p tii

ben ngoai

N DA

T NUd

C

- O mien Bdc,

den giCfa nS

m 197

6 md

i cAn

b an h oa

n th an

c phu

e ha

u qu

a ch ie

n tr an

h, kh

oi phu

c k in

h te

- O mien Nam,

cong vie

c tie'

p qua

n vu ng m

di gia

i ph on

g tif

g th on , t

ir da

t lie

n de

n ha

i dao , tt

nh c hin

h, va

n hoA

diTcfc tie

n h an

h kha'

n triTong

+ d nhiJng

v un

g md

i gia

i phong , vie

c th an

h la

p ch in

h quye

n eac

h

ma ng v

a do

^n t he q ua

n ehun

g c^

c ca

p nh an

h chdn

g thir

c h ie

n

+ Hang trieu dong bao ta trong ihbi gian chien tranh b i don vho cAc "ap chien Iliac" hay bo chay v^o cac thanh pho khong c6 viec lam di/oc hoi

htfcrng, chuyen ve nong thon san xuat hoac di xay diftig vung kinh te mcfi

+ Chinh quyen each mang tich thu tai san v a ruong dat cua bon phan dong tron r a ni/drc ngoai, tuyen bd x6a bo hinh thufc boc lot phong kien, tien hanh dieu chinh ruong dat trong noi bo nong dan, qudc hOTU hoa

ngan hang, thay dong tien cu bkng dong tien m6i cua cdch mang

m] HOAN THANH THONG NHAT DAT N J d C VE MAT NHA NUdC

(1975 - 1976)

- Sau dai thang mua Xuan nSm 1975, To qudc Viet Nam ve mat lanh

tho da diTOc thdng nhat, song cr moi mien lai ton t a i mot hinh thufc to

chufc Nha nii^c khac nhau

- Dap lai nguyen vong chinh dang cua nhan dan ca nifcfc, dong thdi phu

hap vori thifc te lich suf dan toe - "Ntfcre Viet Nam la mot, dan toe Viet Nam la

mot" Hoi nghi Ian thijf 24 Ban Chap hanh Trung tfcfng Dang (9 - 1975) da de

ra nhiem vu hoan thanh thdng nhat dat ni/dc ve mat Nha nxidc

- Tii ngay 15 den ngay 21 - 11 - 1975, hoi nghi hiep thucfng chinh tri

thdng nhat dat niidc d\iac to chuTc tai Sai Gon Hai do^n dai bieu dai dien cho hai mien tham dii Hoi nghi nhat tri hoan toan cAc van de chu

tri/ong, bien phap nhSm thdng nhat dat mJcfc ve mat Nha ntfdc

- Ngay 25 - 4 - 1976, cuoc Tong tuyen cuf bau Qudc hoi ehung diTcfc tien hanh trong ca niTdc

- Ttf ngay 24 - 6 den ng^y 03 - 7 - 1976, Qudc hoi mtdc Viet Nam

thong nhat, hop k i dau tien tai Ha Noi

+ Qud^c hoi thong qua chinh sach dol noi va do'i ngoai eija ntfde Viet Nam thd^ng nhat

+ Quyet dinh ten ni/dc la Cong hod xa hoi chu nghla Viet Nam {tii

ngay 02 - 7 - 1976), quyet dinh Qudc huy, Qudc k i la cd do sao v^ng, Qudc

ca la Tien qudn ca, Thu do Ha Noi, thanh phd Sai Gon ddi ten la Thanh

pho Ho ChiMinh

+ Qudc hoi bau ra cac ccf quan, chufc vu lanh dao cao nhat cua nUdrc

cong hoa xa hoi chu nghia Viet Nam, bau Ban dxi thao Hien ph^p

- V(Ji ket qua k i hop thuf nhat Qudc hoi kho^ V I , cong viec thdng nhat

dat nxidc ve mat Nha ntforc da hoan thanh

- Hoan thanh thdng nhat dat ni/dc ve mat Nhk nifdc da tao nen nhOiig

dieu kien chinh tri ca ban phat huy sure manh toan dien dat nifcfc, nhi]fng dieu kien thuan Igi de ca niicfc di len ehu nghla xa hoi, nhOfng kha nang to

lom de bao ve To qudc wh md rpng quan he vdi eac ntfdc tren the gicri

E T

O Q UO

C (1976-1986 )

T |

DAT N Jd

C BLfd C

D AU Dl L EN C HU N GH IA X

lap, thong nhat, di

len chu nghla xa

- Nhi

i vay, do

u m

^ c6

n

gdn v(Ji chu nghi

a x

a hoi D

^ nifd

e 5 nam (1976 -

e tie

u C 0

ban: xay difng mot

buac ca

sd vat chat -

kl thuat

cua chu nghla xd

hoi, buac ddu hinh

thdnh ca cdu kinh

te mdi trong cd

nudc ma

bg phdn chu yeu

la ca cdu cong

nghiep nong nghiep

va cdi

thien mot biCac dai

song vat chat va

vdn hod cua nhdn dan

g nghiep, gia

+ C o n g cupc cai tao x a h o i chu n g h i a diSac day m a n h v d i toe do n h a n h trong cac v u n g m d i g i a i p h o n g cr m i e n N a m G i a i cap t\i san m a b a n b i

xoa bo D a i bo p h a n n o n g d a n m i e n N a m d i vao con difdng l a m a n tSp the, t h a m gia nhorng h i n h thufc to chufc san xuat p h u hcfp

+ XoA bo nhOfng bie u h i e n vSn hoa p h a n d o n g ciia che do t h i i c d a n , xay

ditog n e n vSn hoa m d i cdch m a n g He t h o n g giao due p h a t t r i e n

B e n c a n h nhCfng t h a n h tifu, c h i i n g t a gap r a t n h i e u k h o k h a n , h a n che, n h a t l a t r o n g l l n h vifc k i n h te - xa h o i

+ K i n h te cua t a m a t can doi I d n , k i n h te qudc d o a n h va t a p t h e t r o n g

san xuat l u o n b i t h u a 16, k h o n g phat h u y difoc tac dung

+ K i n h te t U n h a n v a ca t h e b i n g a n cam, k h o n g t h e phat t r i e n

+ San xuat phat t r i e n c h a m , t h u n h a p qudc d a n , n a n g sua't lao d o n g

tha'p, d d i song n h a n d a n gap r a t n h i e u k h o k h a n

3 Thtfc h i $ n ke hoach Nha njidc 5 nam 1981 - 1985

ngay 3 1 - 3 - 1982), k h ^ n g d i n h t i e p tuc di/dng I d i xay diftig chu n g h i a xa hoi t r o n g p h a m v i ca nifdc do D a i h o i I V de r a

- Ke hoach 5 n a m cd n h i e m v u sdp xep lai ca cdu vd day manh cai tao

xd hoi chu nghia nen kinh te qudc dan, nhdm ca ban on dinh tinh hinh kinh te - xd hoi, ddp ting yeu cdu cap bach thiet yeu nhdt cua ddi sd'ng nhdn ddn, gidm nhe sU mdt can ddi nghiem trong cua nen kinh te

- Thifc h i e n ke hoach, n h a n d a n t a dat difgfc nhOmg t h a n h tOu, t i e n bo

dang ke

+ Trong san xudt ndng nghiep vd cdng nghiep da cha n dUcrc da g i a m

sut cua nhCfng n a m 1976-1980

+ Ve xdy dung ca sd vat chdt - ki thudt, h a n g n g h i n cdng t r i n h vCfa v a

nho, t r o n g do c6 nhufng ccf sd quan t r o n g ve d i e n , dau k h i , x i m a n g , co k h i giao t h o n g , t h u y Icfi, det, Cac boat ddng k h o a hoc - k i t h u a t dtfOc t r i e n

k h a i , gop p h a n t h u c day san xuat , n h a t l a san x u a t n d n g n g h i e p

+ c a c boat dong k h o a hoc - k i t h u a t dixgc t r i e n k h a i , gdp p h a n thiic day san xua't phat trid'n

]l] DAU TRANH BAO VE TO QUOC (1975 - 1979)

1 D a u t r a n h bao bien gidri T a y Nam

- Do cd a m m u u tCr triidc, t a p doan Pdn Pot m d n h f f n g cudc h ^ n h q u a n

k h i e u k h i c h , x a m p h a m n h i e u v u n g l a n h t h d ni/dc t a doc b i e n g i d i tii H a

Tien den T a y N i n h Ngay 03 - 5 - 1975, c h u n g cho q u a n do bo danh chiem dao P h u Qudc, sau do danh c h i e m dao T h d C h u

p do, the

y 0

7

1 - 1979, Th

t chuye

n gi

a

nhkm gay kh

o kha

n ch

o Vie

t Nam Nghie

m tron

g hcfn, ti

n v

a da

n ta, trir

a dufn

g le

n chie

n dau De

M6|

DI LE N

CHU

NGHIA XA

va keo ddi ve

chu truang, chinh sdch

Ian, sai

Idm

ve chi dao chien

lugc vd

to chiic thuc hien"

t diem, du

2 DifoTng loi cof b a n c u a D a n g

Di/dng Idi doi mdri cua Dang d\iac de ra dau tien tai Dai hoi V I (12 1986), Auac dieu chinh, bo sung phdt trien dai hoi V I I (6 - 1991), Dai hoi

-V I I I (6 - 1996), Dai hoi I X (4 - 2001)

a) Ddi mai kinh te

- Xay diftig nen kinh te hang hoa nhieu thanh phan theo dinh hiJdrng

xa hoi chij nghla

b) Doi mdi chinh tri

- Xay diing Nha nifdc phap quyen xa hoi chij nghla, Nha nifdrc cua

nhan dan, do dan vk v i dan

- Xay diing nen dan chu xa hoi chu nghla, bao dam quyen life thuoc ve nhan dan

- ThiTc hien quyen dan chu xa hoi chu nghla, dam bao quyen liic thuoc

ve nhan dan

- Thifc hien chinh sach dai doan ket dan toe, chinh sach ddi ngoai hok

binh, hufu nghi, hop t^c

Tj QUA TRlNH DAT NLfCJC THl^C HIEN OUdNG LOI DOI Mdl (1986 - 2000)

1 Thrfc h i ^ n ke hoach 5 n a m 1986 - 1990

a) Dai hoi VI (12 - 1986) md ddu cong cugc ddi mdi

- Dai hoi dai bieu to^n quoc Ian thuf VT cua Dang (hop til ngty 15 den ngay 18 - 12 - 1986) da danh gik tinh h i n h dat niidc, kiern diem su' lanh dao ciia Dang, vai tr6 quan l i cua Nha mrdc trong thap k i d i u cd n\S6c di len chu nghla xa hoi, tU do xAc dinh nhiem vu, muc tieu ciia cdch mang

trong thdi k i doi mdri

- Dai hoi k h i n g dinh tiep tuc dUcrng lo'i chung ckch mang x§ h6i chu

nghla v^ di/cfng Idi xay diing k i n h te xa hoi chu nghla do ckc dai hoi I V

v^ V cua Dang de ra

- Tuy nhien, den dai hoi V I , diidng Idi xay diftig chu nghia xa hdi trong

thdi k i quk do tiep tuc di/oc cu the hok tren co sd nang cao nham tbufc vg

dac diem thdi k i quk do len chu nghla xa hoi d Viet Nam 1^ cd mot thai

tap trung sufc ngifcfi, sOfc cua thiic hien b^ng difoc nhiem vu, muc tieu c'la

hang xudt khdu

- Mu dn thiTc hi en n hfl ng muc tie

u cu

a Ba chtfang

tr in

h ki

vd ngu nghiep phdi

dugc ddt dung vi

tri

Id mat trdn hang

dau v

a diicr

c U

U t ie

n nh

o dong ,

ki th ua

t v.v

b) Ket qua buac

dau cua cong cuoc

doi mai

- V

e lifcm

g thiic , thii

c p ha

m, i\i

ch6 th ie

u a

n t rie

n m ie

u ca

u t ro ng nirdrc, c

u, go

p ph an

h dof

i son

g nh an d an v

Ha ng hoa t re

n th

i trUcfng , nha'

t la h an

g tie

u du ng doi dao , d

a dan

g

va liAi th on

g tifon

g do

i t hu an Icfi

- Ki nh

te do

i ngoa

i ph

at tr ie

n ma nh , mc

f ro ng hern trUdc v

e qu

y mo

,

hi nh thi/c

d

a go

p ph an quan t ro ng vao viec thiic h ie

-a ho

i

- D

a kir

n ch

e dirg

e mo

t hxidc

da l am p ha

t

- Budc dau hinh

thdnh nen kinh te

hang hod nhieu thdnh

phan, van

hdnh thee

ca che thi tricang

c6 sU quan ly

cua Nhd nUdc

- NhOm

g th an

h tiTu , iT

u d ie

m, ti en

6 th an

h tiru , iT

u diem

,

nh Uii

g v an eon n hie

u k ho k ha

n

2 Th iic h i^

n k

e h oa ch

5 n am

1991

1995

a) Dai hoi VII

(6 1991) tiep

tuc sU nghiep doi

mai

- Da

i ho

i da

i bie

u to an quoc Ia

n thu

f VI

I cua D an

- 6

- 1991 ) d

a to ng k et , da nh gia viec thire hie

ai ho

i VI , de ra chu t rir on

g, nh ie

m vu n ha

m k

e thira ,

ph

at hu

y

nhCrng th an

h tiTu , iT

u d ie

m d

a da

ai tr on

g budr

e da

u do

i md i; die

u ch in

h, b

o sung ,

i do

i mdr

i d

e tie

p tu

c diT

a s

g n gh ie

i V II cua D an

g e6

n quye

t di nh m

ot so ' va'

CiCcmg linh xdy dung

ddt nUac trong then

ki qua

do

di len chu nghla

xd hoi

vd Chien lugc on

dinh vd phat trien

kinh te

- xd

hoi den ndm 2000

- X ua

t ph

at ti

r da

e die

m ti nh h in

ai ho

i VI

I ciia D

m vu , mu

c tie

u k in

h t

e x

-a ho

i cii

a k

e hoac

h 5 n Sm (1991

lam phat.

On dinh phat trien,

ndng coo hieu

qua nen sdn xuat

xd hgi.On dinh vd

titng bUac cdi thien

ndng cao ddi

song nhdn dan Bdt

ddu cd tich luy

ngi bg kinh te

- De thifc hien muc tieu tren, phat huy sufc manh cua cac thanh phan

kinh te, day manh Ba chuang trinh kinh te vdi nhOTng noi dung cao hcfn

b) Tien bg vd hgn che cua sU nghiep doi mai

* Tien bo:

- Nhip do phat trien kinh te day manh, nhieu muc tieu chu yeu cua ke

hog,ch 5 nam hodn thdnh vUgt miic

- Kinh te doi ngoai phat trien, thi trUdng xudt nhdp khdu dugc md

rgng, nguon von ddu tu cua nUac ngoai tang nhanh

- Khoa hgc vd cong nghe c6 buac phat trien mdi, van hod xd hgi c6

nhUng chuyen bien tich cUc

- On dinh tinh hinh chinh tri - xd hgi dugc giU vitng, quoc phdng vd

an ninh dugc cdng co

Md rong quan he doi ngoai, phd the boo vdy, tham gia tich cUc vdc

cdc hoqt dgng cua cong dong quoc te

- Sau 5 nam thiic hien ke hoach, ben canh thanh tifu va tien bo, con

nhieu kho khSn va han che chtfa dtfgc giai quyet

3 Thufc hi^n ke hoach 5 nam 1996 - 2000

a) Dai hgi VIII (6 - 1996) day manh cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod

- Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thuf V I I I cua Dang ( hop tii ngky 28 - 6

den ngay 01 - 7 - 1996) da kiem diem, danh gia viec thuc hien nghi quyet

Dai hoi V I I , tong ket 10 nSm dat niidc thifc hien diJc;ng loi doi mdri, de ra

chu trifong, nhiem vu trong nhiem k i mori

Xuat phat tCf dac diem tinh hinh, tii nhan dinh nUdc ta da ra khoi

khung hoang kinh te - xa hoi, cSn cuf vao Cuang llnh xdy dung ddt nuac

trong thai ki qua do di len chu nghia xd hgi, Dai hoi khSng dinh tiep tuc

nSm vufng hai nhiem vu chien li/oc xay difng va bao ve to quoc xa hoi chti

nghia, nhan manh "nude ta da chuyen sang thdi ki phdt trien mdi, thdi ki

day manh cong nghiep hod, hien dai hod"

kinh te - xa hoi 5 nSm 1996 - 2000 la: Day manh cong cugc doi mdi mot

cdch toan dien vd dong bg, tiep tuc phdt trien nen kinh te hang hod

nhieu thdnh phdn Phan ddu dqt vd vUgt muc tieu tang trUdng kinh te

nhanh, hieu qua cao vd ben vitng di doi vdi gidi quyet nhUng van de biCc

xuc ve xd hgi cdi thien dai song nhdn ddn, ndng cao tich lUy tic ngi bg

den kinh te

b) Chuyen bien tien

bg vd kho khan

hgn ch'S' cua cong

cugc doi mai

+ Ne

n kin

h te' vin giOf dtfa

t Itfcrng Hin

iJu diem, chun

MO

T SO S LT K IE

N LI CH Stf V IE

T NA

M (1 97

y 2

5 4- 197

-6 Tong tuye

n niTd

c la Cong ho

6) Nga

y 2 2- 12

- 197

8 Quan t

-7) Nga

y 18- 12 -1 98

0 Quoc hp

Thdi gian Srf kien

8) TO 15 den 1 8 - 1 2 - 1986 D a i hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thu" V I cua Dang Cong san

Viet N a m la " D a i hoi md d a u " cong cuoc doi m d i dat

9 ) T O 2 4 d e n 2 7 - 6 - 1991 Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc Ian thuf V I I cua Dang Cong San

Viet Nam, la " D a i hoi tiep tuc cong cuoc doi mdi dat niJcIc di len chu nghla xa h o i " Dai hoi thong qua "Ciydng ITnh xay

diftig dat midc trong thdi ky qua dp len chu nghla xa hoi"

10) Ngay 28 - 7 - 1995 Nirdc Cong hoa Xa hoi Chu nghla V i e t N a m gia nhap Hiep

hpi cac nirdc Dong N a m A ( A S E A N ) , la thanh vien thiJ 7

V I I , tdng ket 10 nam dat niTdc thifc hien difcJng loi doi m d i ,

de ra chu trifdng, nhiem vu trong thdi k i m d i

B A I 2 7 TONG KET UCH SLf VIET NAM TLf NAM 1919 DEN NAM 2000

T ] CAC THdl Ki PHAT TRIEN UCH sCf DAN TQC

1 Thcfi k i tvt n a m 1919 den nam 1930

- Cuoc khai thdc thupc dia Ian thuf hai (1919 - 1929) cija Phap da lam chuyen bien tinh h i n h k i n h te - xa hoi Viet Nam, tao ccf sd xa hoi (giai

each mang v6 san

- Nguyin A i Quoc mot so nha yeu ntrdfc khac den v6i chu nghla M^c

- Lenin, truyen ba chii nghla Mac - Lenin va bai hoc Cach mang thang 10

v i niTdrc da l^m chuyen bien phong trao ydu n\J6c cho'ng Phap tCf lap

trifdng tLf san sang Mp triTdng v6 san

- Phong trao yeu nifdrc chong Phap cua bo phan \6n tieu tii san to

chtJc, chuyen sang lap trifcfng v6 san, cung vdri phong trao cong nhan chuyen sang tif giac, d5i hoi c6 Dang cua giai cap v6 san lanh dao Ba to

chufc cong san ra ddi vao nijfa sau nSm 1929 tif hai to chijfc yeu cdch mang ( H6i Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien va Tan Viet cAch

nirorc-mang dang) roi thong nhat thanh mot Dang duy nhat Dang Cong san

V i f t Nam ra d^i nSm 1930 ddp ultig yeu cau do

2 Thcf

i k

i tij

f n am

1930 de

n n am

i budr

c dau, d nUde t

a Dang, da

m

ao,

hoa binh Da

h thijf

e da

u

tranh mdfi m

e d nUde t

c thuo

e dia

-a t-a

c dong de

n tokn

the giofi Cuo

- Da

u na

m 1941, Nguye

Lfong

8 (

5 1941) d

d day, eac

ve ta

y nha

n dan

3 Thcf

i k

i tv

f n am

1945 de

n n am

1954

- Sa

u ea ch

mang than

g Tam, da'

Nhan dan

i quye

t na

n doi, na

i c

a nUdc

- Cuoc khang chien chong Phap (1945 - 1954) tien hanh trong dieu

+ Cuoc khang chien chong thi/c dan Phap xam lifcfc, v a tii nSm 1950 cho'ng c a sii can thiep ciia de quoc M i , trai qua hai giai doan Phong ngU

chien dich Bien gidi thu - dong 1950) Dien Bien Phu l a tran thSng quyet dinh di den viec k i ket Hiep dinh Gicfnevcf 1954 v e Dong Dtfong

xa hoi sau k h i chien tranh ket thuc

4 Thofi k i tiif n a m 1954 den nam 1975

Dang de ra nhiem v u oho each mang hai mien, moi quan h e giCfa each mang khac nhau v a nhiem v u chung cho each mang hai mien, moi quan

he giOra each mang hai mien Nhiem v u chung, do l a "nhiem vu khang

chien chong Ml ciiu nuac"

trien len khdi nghia (ttr 1959 - 1960) roi chien tranh giai phdng {tii giOfa

danh bai "Chien tranh dac biet" eua Kenncrdi; 1965-1968 danh bai chien

chid'n Itfcfc "Viet Nam hoa chien tranh" ciia Niehxcfn v a Pho, tien len

"Danh cho nguy nhao"

- O mien Bdc, thiTc hien nhuTng nhiem v u ciia each mang trong thcfi k i

qua do di len chti nghia x a hoi l a san xuat, lao dong xay diftig, v a k h i M l mof rong chien tranh phd hoai bSng khong quan v a hai quan t h i mien Bac ket hc;p chien dau v a san xuat Dong thcfi nhan dan mien Bdc con lam nhiem v u ciia hau phi/cfng chi vien cho tien tuyen mien Nam v a thiie hien nhiem v u quoc te do'i vdi Lao, Campuehia Mien BSc da gianh thSng

I d trong cuoc chien dau chong cuoc chien tranh pha hoai ciia de quoc M l :

thijfc tCr ngay 16 - 4 - 1972 den ngay 15 - 01 - 1973

5 Thcfi k i tii n a m 1975 den nam 2000

- Cach mang Viet Nam chuyen sang giai doan each mang x a hoi ehu nghia tif sau k h i dat niTdfc doc lap v a thong nhat Chu nghia x a hoi l a eon

- Tr on

g 1

0 na

m da

u (197

6 1986),

-nh an d an

da thiT

c h ie

1980 198

1 1985) d

-o Da

i h

oi IV (t

i ho

i V (t ha ng

3 1982) cu

-a Da ng

de ra Be

n can

h nhie

u

th an

h txiu

vk \Ju

d ie

m, ta gap kh on

g

it kh

o kh Sn , ye

u k6

et die

m

Kh

o kh Sn cua ta ngay cang Idfn, sa

i la

g h oa ng

ve ki nh

te xa h oi, doi ho

-i p ha

if Da

i ho

i VI (1986)

nh Sm kh^c phu

c

kh

6 kh an , sa

n xua'

t sa

i la

m, vifcf

t qu

a kh un

g hoang , da

y ma nh

sU

nghiep

each m an

g x

a h

oi ch

u ng hla t ie

n l en T ra

i qu

a ga

n ha

i t ha

n th an

g Im

3 k

e hoac

h Nh

a nqdr

c 5 n am (va k

e hoac

h 5

na

m Ia

n thij

f t

if 200

1 2005) d

-o da

i h

oi VI (t ha ng

12 1986),

ai ho

i V II

- Con

g cuo

c do

i md

Th an

ve ca

c ma

t chin

h t ri, k in

h t

e

xa hoi , va

n t ie

u da

n giau , nifd

n chu , v an m in

h

Th an

g lo

i k ha ng d in

7|

NGUYEN NHAN

THANG L0I, BA

a doa

n ke

t mo

t long , gia

u lo ng yeu

n da

u k ie

do

Tr uy en t ho ng

t hu

y ca

o d

o tr on

g thcr

i k

i eac

h m an

g d

o Da ng la nh

dao

- Da ng C on

g sa

n Vie

t Na

m d

o Chi

j t ic

h H

o Ch

i Mi nh sang lap, l

a dp

i

tie

n ph on

g cij

a gia

i ca

p con

g nh an , da

i die

n tie

n toe Sv

J l an

g da

n, san

g tao , do

c lap , t

if chi

j l

a n ha

n t

o th an

g Ig

ol ca

c nh an to' k ha

c cu

a eac

h m an

g Vie

t Na

g nLfdr

e t

a ti

T n am

1930 d

a d

e la

i ch

o Da ng

bai ho

c ki nh n gh ie

m qu

y bau :

+ Na

m vOTn

g n go

n c

d do

c la

p da

n to

e v

a ch

u ng hia xa h oi, mot

ba

i ho

c

xu ye

n suo

t qu

a tr in

h eac

h m an

p eac

h m an

g la cua nh an d an , d

o nh an d an va v

di la

m n en t h^

ng lo

i l ic

h sijf

+ Khong ngCrng cung co, tang ciicfng doan ket: doan ket toan Dang, doan ket toan dan, doan ket dan toe, doan kg't quo'c te

+ Ket hop sure manh dan tpc v6i sure manh thcfi dai, sure manh trong

ruidc v6i sure manh quo'e te

+ Sir lanh dao dung dSn cua Dang la nhan to" hang dau bao dam thSng Icfi eua each mang Viet Nam

Tom t a t hoat dong eua Nguyen A i Quoc tCf nam 1920 d§n dau nSm

1930 Cong lao to Idfn dau tien cua Nguyin A i Quoc doi vdri c^ch mang Viet Nam la gi?

• Cau 2 ( 2 , 0 diem)

Trinh bay chu trufcfng, bien phap cua Dang, Chinh phii va Chu tieh Ho

Chi M i n h nhSm do'i pho vdi quan doi tufdng Gidi Thach va tay sai tif sau

khi Cach mang thang Tam thanh cong den tri/dfc ngay 06 - 3 - 1946

• C a u 3 ( 1 , 0 diem)

Xde dinh mde thdi gian (ngay, thang, nam) tiicfng uTng vdi nhOng sii

kien lich suf diJgc t r i n h bay trong bang sau:

Cuoc khang chie'n toan quoc bung no Ket thue chie'n dich Viet Bac

Md dau chie'n dich bien gidi Ket thue chie'n dich lieh suf Dien Bien Phij

Sii

ki en n ao

t tr ie

n mdr

i cu

a ph on

g tr

a t in

h sa

u C hie

n tr an

h t he

gidi thu

f II

? k

e tii

do,

ph on

g tr ao d

a d ii

n ra nhtf th

• Ca

u 1 (4,0 d ie m)

Tr in

h ba

y n gu ye

n nh an b un

g n

o v

a d ie

n bie

n ch in

g Vie

t Na

m tr on

g na

m 193

0 dtfof

i si

f l an

h da

o cu

a Da

ng

• Ca

u 2

(2,0

d ie m)

To

m ta

t ho an c an

h lic

h sij

f v

a n

oi du ng eua Hie

p di nh Scf b

i d ie

n ch in

h ph

u Vie

t Na

m D an chii Co ng h oa

h ph

u P ha

p (nga

y 0

6

3 1946)

-• Ca

u 3

(1,0

d ie m)

Xa

c di nh mo'c thcfi gi an (n ga

y, th dn

g, na m) tUcfn

l ic

h su

f t ro ng cuoc kh an

g ch ie

n chdn

g "

C hie

n tr an

g sa

u :

Thcfi gi

an

Si^

k i^

n

Ch ie

n th an

g A

p Ba

c (

Ml Th o)

Cuoc bie

u t in

h cii

a h

ai va

n ta ng n

i, ph

h cu

a 7

0 v

an q ua

n ch un

g Sa

i Go

n

Ch ie

n th an

g B in

h G ia ( Ba R ia )

7] UC

H sC

f TH E

G\d\0 diem)

Sir ki en n ao

t tr ie

n m

di cii

a p ho ng t ra

a t in

h sa

u C hie

n tr an

h th

e g id

o da

il

n ra nhiT t he nao?

1 J T o m t d t nhvhig h o a t d p n g c h i n h cua N g u y i n A i Quo'c

- Thang 7 nam 1920, N g u y i n A i Quoc doc ban sa thdo Idn thii nhdt

Lugn cumg ve van de dan toe thugc dia cua V.I.Lenin dSng tren bao Nhan dgo cua Bang Xa hoi Phap

- Ngay 25 - 12 - 1920, Nguyen A i Quw tham dif Dai hoi dai bieu toan quoc cua Bang ^ hoi Fhap tai thanh pho Tua Ngifcfi da dOCng ve phia da so dai bieu bo {riiieu tan thanh gia nhap Quoc te Cong san va thanh lap Dang Cong san Hiap Nguyen A i Quoc tr& thanh dang vien cpng san, dong thW Ik mot trong nhfltig ngtibi tham gia thanh lap Dang Cong san Phap

- Nam 1921, cung Mdi mot so ngU&i yeu niiiSc cua Angieri, Maroc, Tuynidi

1 ^ ra Hoi l i e n h i ^ thupc dia d Pari va viet bao Ngtfcri ciing kho

- NgUbi con v i ^ nhieu bai cho cac bao Nhan dao, Dcfi song cong nhan vsl dac biet la cuon Ban an che dp thifc dan Phap (1925)

- Thang 6 - 1923, sang Lien X6, 6xi Hoi nghi Quoc te Nong dan (Thang

10 - 1923), viet bai cho bao that cua Dang Cong san Lien X6, tap chi Thif t i n Quoc te cua Quoc te Cong san Da Dai hoi Quoc te Cong san Ian lhiJV(1924)

- Ngay 11 - 11 - 1924 Nguyen A i Quoc den Quang Chau (Trung Quoc)

de tnlc tiep d ^ tao can bg, xay di/ng to churc each mang, truyen ba ly luan each mang giai phong dan toe vao Viet N£un

- Thang 6 - 1925 thanh lap Hoi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien d Quang Chau ClVung Quoic) Tmc tiep md eac Idrp huan luyen cho Hoi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien Ra bao Thanh nien va xua't ban tac pham Difingcach menh

trieu tSp va d i u t r i H o i ngbi thanh lap Dang Cong san Viet Nam (dau nam 1930)

1 ^ C o n g lao to Idta d a u t i e n

Ben vdi chu n ^ u a Mac — Lenin, t i m ra con difcfng cuftj ni/dre dung dSn,

do la con diJdng each mang vd san M d difcmg giai quyet s\i khung hoang

ve dufi^ng 161 cua each mang Viet Nam

• Ca

u 2 (2,0 diem)

Trinh bay ch

u tnftjng , bie

n pha

p cu

a Dang , Chin

ii trrioTn

g v

a bie

n phap :

- Ch

u trifcfng : Ho

a hoa

n vd

i Tudng , dan

g Chin

h phu

+ Cun

g ca

p liiom

g thifc , thu

• Ca

u 3 (1,0 diem)

, nSm ) tUdn

Thofi gia

n

19

12

1946 Cuoc khan

dau chien dich bien gidi

07- 5

- 195

4 Ket thu

sOr

T HE

Gl6l

( 3, 0

g dat , da

, Peru , Nicaragoa , Chile