What is the most abundant type of tissue in the body

Mesenchyme Description Function Location Description: Embryonic connective tissue; gel-like ground substance containing fibers; star-shaped mesenchymal cells1. Connective tissue proper:

What is the most abundant type of

tissue in the body?

Connective tissue is found in all parts of the body

as discrete structures or as part of various body

organs

It is the most abundant and widely distributed of

the tissue types

?

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What is the most abundant type of

tissue in the body?

Connective tissue is found in all parts of the

body as discrete structures or as part of various body organs

It is the most abundant and widely distributed

of the tissue types

What are ligaments and tendons?

What type of tissue are they?

The ligaments and tendons (dense connective tissue) bind the bones together or bind skeletal muscles to bones

What binds bone to bone?

What binds bone to muscle?

Bone to Bone = Ligament Bone to Muscle = Tendon What is the function of areolar

connective tissue?

Areolar connective tissue is a soft packaging material that cushions and protects body organs What is adipose consistent of?

What is bone consistent of?

Reference matrix and cells

At one extreme, adipose tissue is composed

mostly of cells

At the opposite extreme, bone and cartilage have few cells and large amounts of matrix

What are the two components of the

matrix?

The matrix has two components—ground substance and fibers

Conceptually understand what the

ground substance is

The ground substance is composed chiefly of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans

Depending on its specific composition, the ground substance may be liquid, semisolid, gel-like, or very hard

Generally speaking, the ground substance functions as a molecular sieve, or medium, through which nutrients and other dissolved substances can diffuse between the blood capillaries and the cells

The fibers in the matrix hinder diffusion somewhat and make the ground substance less pliable

Conceptualize what lacunae are

When the matrix is firm, as in cartilage and bone, the connective tissue cells reside in cavities in the matrix called lacunae

What are the types of fibers that

provide support to the matrix?

1 collagen (white) fibers

2 elastic (yellow) fibers

3 reticular (fine collagen) fibers

Mesenchyme

Description

Function

Location

Description: Embryonic connective tissue; gel-like ground substance containing fibers; star-shaped mesenchymal cells

Function: Gives rise to all other connective tissue types

Location: Primarily in embryo

Connective tissue proper: loose

connective tissue, areolar

Description

Function

Location

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar

Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some white blood cells

Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages phagocytize bacteria; plays important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds capillaries

Connective tissue proper: loose

connective tissue, adipose

Description

Function

Location

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose

Description: Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet

Function: Provides reserve fuel; insulates against

heat loss; supports and protects organs

Location: Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within abdomen; in breasts

Connective tissue proper: loose

connective tissue, reticular

Description

Function

Location

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular

Description: Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network

Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and macrophages

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes, bone marrow, and spleen)

Connective tissue proper: dense

connective tissue, dense regular

Description

Function

Location Connective tissue proper: dense connective

tissue, dense regular

Description: Primarily parallel collagen fibers;

a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast

Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied

in one direction

Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

Connective tissue proper: dense

connective tissue, dense irregular

Description

Function

Location Connective tissue proper: dense connective

tissue, dense irregular

Description: Primarily irregularly arranged collagen fibers; some elastic fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast

Function: Able to withstand tension exerted in many directions; provides structural strength

Location: Dermis of the skin; submucosa of digestive tract; fibrous capsules of organs and

of joints

Cartilage: hyaline

Description

Function

Location

Cartilage: hyaline

Description: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network; chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie in lacunae

Function: Supports and reinforces; has resilient cushioning properties; resists compressive stress

Location: Forms most of the embryonic skeleton; covers the ends of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

Cartilage: elastic

Description

Function

Location

Cartilage: elastic

Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix

Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Location: Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis

Cartilage: fibrocartilage

Description

Function

Location

Cartilage: fibrocartilage

Description: Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate

Function: Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint

Bone (osseous tissue)

Description

Function

Location

Bone (osseous tissue)

Description: Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae Very well vascularized

Function: Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation (hematopoiesis)

Location: Bones Blood

Description

Function

Location

Blood

Description: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

Function: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

Location: Contained within blood vessels Nervous Tissue

Description

Function

Location

Nervous Tissue Function: Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and to effectors (muscles and

glands) which control their activity

Location: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Description: Neurons are branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing cell body; also

contributing to nervous tissue are nonirritable supporting cells

What are the characteristics of CT?

Highly vascularized (With exceptions) Multicellular (many types of cells) Non-cellular, non-living material (matrix) between cells

What is the extracellular matrix?

What is the extracellular matrix?

The nonliving material between the cells—the extracellular matrix—deserves a bit more explanation because it distinguishes connective tissue from all other tissues It is produced by the cells and then extruded

The matrix is primarily responsible for the strength associated with connective tissue, but there is variation

At one extreme, adipose tissue is composed mostly of cells At the opposite extreme, bone and cartilage have few cells and large amounts

of matrix

The matrix has two components—ground substance and fibers The ground substance is composed chiefly of interstitial fluid, cell

adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans

Depending on its specific composition, the ground substance may be liquid, semisolid, gel-like, or very hard

Show what a fibroblast looks like in

CT

What is role?

Show what a mast cell looks like in

CT

What is role?

Show what a adipocyte (fat cell)

looks like in CT

What is role?

Adipocytes, also known as lipocytes and fat cells, are the cells that primarily compose adipose tissue, specialized in storing energy as fat

Show what a chondrocyte &

lacunae looks like in CT

What is role?

Chondrocytes (from Greek chondros cartilage +kytos cell) are the only cells found in healthy cartilage

They produce and maintain the cartilaginous matrix, which consists mainly of collagen and proteoglycans

Show what a osteocyte in lacunae

looks like in CT

What is role?

An osteocyte, a star-shaped cell, is the most numerous cell found in mature bone, and can live as long as the organism itself

Osteocytes have an average half life of 25 years, they do not divide, and they are derived from osteoprogenitors, some of which

differentiate into active osteoblasts

What are all the types of loose

connective tissue?

Areolar CT Adipose CT Reticular CT What are the three types of

cartilage?

Hyaline Elastic Fibrocartilage (Fibrous Cartilage)

What is the core feature of bone?

(Per 223 lab only)

Central canal AKA Haversian Canal What are the two types of nervous

system cells and what are there

roles?

Neuroglia - The neuroglia are special supporting cells that protect, support, and insulate the more delicate neurons

Neurons - highly specialized to receive stimuli (irritability) and to conduct waves of excitation,

or impulses, to all parts of the body (conductivity) They are the cells that are most often associated with nervous system

functioning

What are the two components of

extracellular matrix?

The matrix has two components—ground substance and fibers The ground substance is composed chiefly of interstitial fluid, cell adhesion proteins, and proteoglycans

Depending on its specific composition, the ground substance may be liquid, semisolid, gel-like, or very hard

Blood

Description: Red and white blood cells in a fluid matrix (plasma)

Function: Transport of respiratory gases, nutrients, wastes, and other substances

Location: Contained within blood vessels

Nervous Tissue

Function: Transmit electrical signals from sensory receptors and

to effectors (muscles and glands) which control their activity

Location: Brain, spinal cord, and nerves

Description: Neurons are branching cells; cell processes that may be quite long extend from the nucleus-containing cell body; also

contributing to nervous tissue are nonirritable supporting cells

Ground Bone (Human)

Bone (osseous tissue)

Description: Hard, calcified matrix containing many collagen fibers; osteocytes lie in lacunae Very well vascularized

Function: Bone supports and protects (by enclosing); provides levers for the muscles to act on; stores calcium and other minerals

and fat; marrow inside bones is the site for blood cell formation

(hematopoiesis)

Location: Bones

Cartilage: fibrocartilage

Description: Matrix similar to but less firm than that in hyaline

cartilage; thick collagen fibers predominate

Function: Tensile strength with the ability to absorb compressive shock

Location: Intervertebral discs; pubic symphysis; discs of knee joint Cartilage: elastic

Description: Similar to hyaline cartilage, but more elastic fibers in matrix

Function: Maintains the shape of a structure while allowing great flexibility

Location: Supports the external ear (pinna); epiglottis

Trachea = Location

Cartilage: hyaline

Description: Amorphous but firm matrix; collagen fibers form an imperceptible network;

chondroblasts produce the matrix and when mature (chondrocytes) lie

in lacunae

Function: Supports and reinforces; has resilient cushioning properties; resists compressive stress

Location: Forms most of the

embryonic skeleton; covers the ends

of long bones in joint cavities; forms costal cartilages of the ribs; cartilages of the nose, trachea, and larynx

Loose CT

Tendon

Connective tissue proper: dense connective tissue, dense regular

Description: Primarily parallel collagen fibers; a few elastin fibers; major cell type is the fibroblast

Function: Attaches muscles to bones or to muscles; attaches bones

to bones; withstands great tensile stress when pulling force is applied

in one direction

Location: Tendons, most ligaments, aponeuroses

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, reticular

Description: Network of reticular fibers in a typical loose ground substance; reticular cells lie on the network

Function: Fibers form a soft internal skeleton (stroma) that supports other cell types including white blood cells, mast cells, and

macrophages

Location: Lymphoid organs (lymph nodes,

bone marrow, and spleen)

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, adipose

Description: Matrix as in areolar, but very sparse; closely packed adipocytes, or fat cells, have

nucleus pushed to the side by large fat droplet

Function: Provides reserve fuel; insulates against

heat loss; supports and protects organs

Location: Under skin; around kidneys and eyeballs; within

abdomen; in breasts

Connective tissue proper: loose connective tissue, areolar

Description: Gel-like matrix with all three fiber types; cells: fibroblasts, macrophages, mast cells, and some

white blood cells.

Function: Wraps and cushions organs; its macrophages

phagocytize bacteria; plays

important role in inflammation; holds and conveys tissue fluid

Location: Widely distributed under epithelia of body, e.g., forms lamina propria of mucous membranes; packages organs; surrounds

capillaries

Description: Embryonic connective tissue; gel-like ground substance containing fibers; star-shaped mesenchymal cells

Function: Gives rise to all other connective tissue types

Location: Primarily in embryo