Nghiên cứu công nghệ chế tạo khuôn nhanh silicone đúc chất dẻo

CONG NGH� CUE T�O KHUON NHANH SILICONE 3.. TONG QUAN 1.1 TAng quan chung v� linh vvc nghien cll'u 1.1.1 Tinh cip thi�t ctia d� tili Ngay nay v&i Sl,T phat tri€n nhanh chong cua khoa hQC

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B<) GIAO Dl)C VA DAO TAO

THANH PHO HO CHi MINH

HO VIET HUNG

SILICONE DE DUC CHAT DEO

NGANH: CONG NGII¥ CHE TAO MAy-605204

Hu6ng d�n khoa hQc:

PGS.TS HOANG TRQNG BA

Tp Hfi Chi Minh, thang 5/20 12

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Ten dfi an t6t nghi�p: Tinh toan, thi�t k� va thi cong h� thBng dieu khien cho may can xa gfi t\1' d¢ng

Nai bao v� dfi an tBt nghi�p: Khoa ca khi ch� �o may, trucrng D�i hQc Su ph�m Ky thu�t Tp Hfi Chi Minh

Nguai huang ddn:Th.S Nguy�n Due Sam

HQC:

nhi�m Cong ty TNHH TM & DV ca khi

Nhan vien thi�t k�

0112006 -07/2006

Trucrng Tin Cong ty TNHH bep gas Rinnai Vi�t Nhan vi en phong 07/2006-05/2010

05/2010 -nay HQc vien cao hQc Trucrng D�i hQc Su HQc vien cao hQc

ph�m Ky thu�t Tp Hfi Chi Minh

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ABSTRACT

Silicone rapid mold manufacturing technology for casting plastic is the technology that uses mixture of silicone rubber material with two components vulcanized in room temperature RTV - 2 and platinum-olefin complexes catalyst This method has many advantages such as mold making technology is simple, time

of manufacturing products faster Moreover, with the ability to copy the shape of the product with higher, so this method can be processed products required level of sophistication of high surface

In this thesis, the author studed directly on RTV - 828 silicone elastomer and

T -3 1 catalyst respectively This is a material that common makes molds to cast plastic It is relatively cheap, popular and easy to buy on the market This thesis made some experiments to determine the percentage of compositional elements fix with mold compound and considered the level of influence of catalyst, fillers to the level of shrinkage, hardness, and gel time

Typical percentage of component ( % by weight) of mold compound andplastic (polyester resin):

Silicone mold compound:

Catalyst Shrinkage Gel time Curing time Polyester resin mixture:

From the result of experiments, the author built technological processes of manufacturing silicone molds for casting plastic and applied this technology to procsess ashtray product successfully by using unsaturated polyester resin

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2.3 Cac ch�t ph\1 gia trong h6n hqp lam khuon silicone 20

2.3 1 Cac ch�t luu h6a 20

2.3 1 1 D�c diSm va cong dvng cua ch�t luu h6a 2 1 2.3 1 2 M9t s6 ch�t luu h6a cao su silicone HTV 2 1 2.3 1 3 M()t s6 phi'm (mg khi luu h6a cao su silicone 2 1 2.3.2 Cac ch�t d()n 24

2.3.3 Cac ch�t phv gia khac 26

2.4 Cac lo(;li silicone 26

2.4 1 Phan lo(;li theo tieu chuk ASTM - D14 1 8 26

2.4.2 Phan lo(;li theo ca che dong r�n va di�u ki�n dong r�n . . 27

-2.5 Khuon silicone 28

2.5 1 Khai ni�m 28

2.5.2 Kc3t du ca ban cua khuon silicone 28

2.5.3 Cac v�n d� dn quan tam tru&c khi thic3t kc3 m()t b9 khuon silicone 30

2.6 Cong ngh� due 3 1 2.6 1 Khai ni�m 3 1 2.6.2 Phan lo(;li 3 1 ;{0 2.6.3 Due ch�t deo trong khuon silicone 3 1 2 7 M()t s6 lo(;li ch�t deo dimg trong cong ngh� due b&ng khuon silicone 3 1 2 7 1 Nhva Epoxy . 3 1 2.7.2 Nhva polyester khong no (Unsaturated polyester resin) 32

Chuong 3 CONG NGH� CUE T�O KHUON NHANH SILICONE 3 1 Quy trinh cong ngh� che t(;lo khuon silicone 3 7 3 1 1 V�t li�u dung dS nghien cuu khao sat 37

3 1 1 1 Cac yeu d.u ky thu�t 37

3 1 1 2 Lva chQn v�t li�u 37

3 1 2 Thic3t bi va dvng C\1 thi nghi�m ··· 39

3 1 2 1 can 39

3 1 2.2 6ng dong 39

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DANH sAcn cAc BANG BANG TRANG Bang 2 1 : Anh hu<'mg cua nhi�t lao h6a len cao su fluorosilicone 9

Bang 2.2: Anh hu<'mg cua nhi�t d{l d�n tu6i thQ cua cao su silicone 1 0 Bang 2.3 : D{l b�n nen cua cao su silicone sau 22 gia dugc nen t�i nhi�u gia tri nhiet do thdp 14

Bang 2.4: K�t qua ki�m tra hinh dang ben ngoai cua mdu cao su silicone dugc thir nghi�m trong moi truang thai ti�t co anh nilng . 1 5 Bang 2.5 : Sg thay d6i ccr tinh cua mdu cao su silicone duai tac d{lng cua thai ti�t (ASTM D 5 1 8) 1 5 Bang 2.6: Cac lo�i cao su silicone theo tieu chuAn ASTM - D 1 4 1 8 27

Bang 2.7: M{lt s6 tinh chdt cua v�t li�u nhga polyester khong no 35

Bang 3 1 : Cac thong s6 Icy th�t cua silicone RTV - 828 38

Bang 3.2: Cac thong s6 kY thu�t cua chAt xuc tac T - 31 38

Bang 3.3 : Bang thong s6 ky thu�t cua cac lo�i 6ng dong 40

Bang 3 4: Bang cy 1� pha tr{ln khi due khuon mdu 45

Bang 4 1 : K�t qua do kich thuac h6c khuon khi thay d6i cy 1� % chAt xuc tac 4 7 Bang 4.2: K�t qua do d{l ctmg, thai gian dong r�n cua khuon silicone khi thay d6i ty 1� % chAt xuc tac . 4 7 Bang 4.3 : Di�u ki�n thi nghi�m dugc chQn 49

Bang 4.4: Ma tr� quy ho�ch thgc nghi�m 49

Bang 4.5 : H� s6 Cochran khao nghi�rri d{l ctmg khuon 5 1 Bang 4.6: K�t qua thi nghi�m d{l cung khuon t�i tam phucrng an 52

Bang 4.7: Bang ki�m djnh h� s6 b theo tieu chuAn Student 52

Bang 4.8: Bang ki�m djnh d{l ctmg khuon theo tieu chuAn Fisher 53

Bang 4.9: H� s6 Cochran khao nghi�m thai gian dong r�n 55

Bang 4 10: K�t qua thi nghi�m thai gian dong riln t�i tam phucrng an 55

xii

I I

Bang 4 1 1 : Bang kiSm dinh h� s6 b theo tieu chufin Student 56

Bang 4 12: Bang kiSm dinh thai gian dong r�n theo tH�u chufin Fisher 56

Bang 4 1 3 : H� s6 Cochran khao nghi�m d() co rut 58

Bang 4 14: KSt qua thi nghi�m d9 cl:mg khuon t�i tam phuong an 58

Bang 4 1 5 : Bang kiSm dinh h� s6 b theo tieu chucln StudentS 9

Bang 4 16: Bang kiSm dinh d9 co rut theo tieu chucln Fisher 59

Bang 4 1 7: KSt qua thi nghi�m d9 cung 6 1 Bang 4 1 8 : K�h qua thi nghi�m thai gian dong r�n 6 1 Bang 4 19: KSt qua thi nghi�m d9 co rut 62

Bang 4.20: KSt qua do d() cl:mg khuon silicone khi thay d6i cy 1� % chfit d()n 63

xiii

DANH sAcu cAc HiND HINH TRANG Hinh 1 1 U ng dt,mg khuon silicone dS due ch1,1p den xe hai 2

Hinh 1 2 U ng d1,1ng khuon silicone dS due m�t tuqng trang tri 2

Hinh 1.3 U ng d1,1ng khuon silicone dS due ngQn du6c trang tri 2

Hinh 2 1 : KSt c�u CCY bfm cua khuon silicone . 29

Hinh 2.2: Khuon silicone v6i cac ph1,1 ki�n 30

Hinh 3.1 : Cao su silicone 3 8 Hinh 3.2: Ch�t xuc tac Pt 38

Hinh 3.3: Can Nhan Hoa 2 kg 39

Hinh 3.4: Ong dong cac lo�i 39

Hinh 3.5: Chi tiSt mfiu . . 40

Hinh 3.6: D6ng h6 do d9 c(rng cao su GS-709N 41

Hinh 3.7: Thu6c k�p 200 42

Hinh 3.8: Khuon mfiu 46

xiv

TONG QUAN

1.1 TAng quan chung v� linh vvc nghien cll'u

1.1.1 Tinh cip thi�t ctia d� tili

Ngay nay v&i Sl,T phat tri€n nhanh chong cua khoa hQC va cong ngh� tren tAt ca cac linh Vl,TC thi cac san phfun CO' khf, d�c bi�t la cac san phfun dUQ'C due tir chdt deo, ngay cang co yeu cAu cao han v€ chdt lugng, d(> chinh xac gia cong, mire d(> tv

d(>ng san xudt va d�c bi�t la yeu cAu v€ ki€u dang, mdu rna san phdm phai dugc thay d6i m(>t each thuang xuyen va linh ho�t Vi v�y nhu cAu v€ thi�t k� phat tri€n san phdm m&i, ho�c chep l�i hinh d�g tir cac san phdm da co la rdt l&n

Thvc t� yeu cAu chll.ng ta ti�p c� va xu ly nhanh chong cac mdu chdt deo co s&l d€ luu mdu, ch� thu ho�c due ra nhiing san phfun chdt deo co hinh dang, thanh phAn hoa hQC Va mau S�C khac nhau lam CO' Sa cho nhiing thi�t k� san phdm m6i T�o khuon nhanh silicone la cong ngh� san xudt khuon trl,TC ti�p tren CO' sa due khuon b�ng v�t li�u silicone Phuang phap lam khuon nay giai quy�t dugc cac vdn d€: thai gian gia cong nhanh, kfch CCY phoi lan, hinh dang hinh hQC ph(rc t�p, kha nang chep hinh cao va d�c bi�t kinh t� d6i v&i khuon �m thai dling d€ due cac san phdm cho quy mo san xudt hang lo�t nh6 Day la nhiing vdn d€ rna bdt cu n€n cong nghi�p nao ciing d€u mong mufin co giai phap thich hgp

chit deo Trongnuac:

0 Vi�t Nam chua co cong trinh nghien Clru nao v€ linh Vl,TC ch� �0 khuon nhanh silicone d€ due chdt deo Chi dirng l�i a vi�c thu nghi�m thu cong, chua xac dinh dugc cac thong s6 ky thu�t ciing nhung quy trinh cong ngh� lam khuon silicone

Thi giai:

1

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O`‰)ģŊˡ^ˡ\E‰<E‰UHya]‰lNVL3e[=‰9†‰;zA‰[FˆY‰9y25‰r)\E‰okR‰

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- Nghien CUu thai gian h6a rftn va ti 1� co rut cua v�t li�u Uun khuon

- Xac djnh thanh phfut phfut tram cua cac chdt trong h6n hgp h\m khuon

- Xac dinh d9 cl:mg cua khuon

Tir d6 l�p ra dugc quy trinh cong ngh� lam khuon silicone dS due cac san phfun chAt deo

Trong ph(;lm vi nghien ciru cua d� tai tac gia chi t�p trung nghien CUu vao cac vfut d� sau:

- Ca sa ly thuySt v� v�t li�u lam khuon silicone

- Cong ngh� chS t(;lo khuon nhanh silicone dS due chdt deo (san phAm chi gicri

- Xac djnh thai gian h6a rftn va ti 1� co rut cua v�t li�u lam khuon

- Xac dinh thanh phdn phfut tram cua cac chdt trong h6n hgp lam khuon

- KSt 1� va d� xudt huang nghien c1Iu tiSp theo

1.4 Phuong phap nghien cull

DS l�p ra dugc quy trinh cong ngh� lam khuon nhanh silicone, nguai thgc hi�n dirng cac phuang phap sau:

Nghien c1Iu tinh chdt v�t ly, cac ca chS phan l:mg v.athanh phfut h6a hQc cac chdt trong hfin hgp lam khuon silicone (nguai thgc hi�n dga tren cac cong ngh� da dugc cong b6 trong tai li�u tham khao)

Ngum th-gc hi�n dga vao cac tai li�u v� khuon due, cac tai li�u v� each chS t(;lo khuon tren internet dS nghien ciru kSt cdu khuon, djnh vi m§:u truac khi d6 khuon,d6 khuon va each rna khuon lAy san phAm

Xac djnh thanh phfut phfut tram, d() co rut va thai gian h6a rftn cua hfin hgp lam khuon silicone thong qua cac m§:u khuon rna nguai thvc hi�n da chs thu

Trong hai phuang phap nghien c1Iu tren phuang phap thvc nghi�m dong vai tro chu d(;lo

4

ich cua cao su silicone Vi ly do d6 rna cao su silicone duqc su dt,mg r()ng rai trong nganh cong nghi�p otO

Cac tinh chfrt each nhi�t cua silicone n6i chung la t6t han hfiu hSt cac v�t li�u khu nhi�t hi�n dang su dt,mg Cao su silicone se chiu duqc nhi�t d9 t6i 3000° C trong vai phut Sau khi ngu()i di chung vfut duy tri duqc tinh deo va n6 duqc t�o thanh 16p than bSn bam ch�c tren bs ml}.t va tiSp tvc cac dl}.c tinh each nhi�t

Phuang phap tiSn hanh b&ng each dl}.t m�u trong m()t ru sfry, thuemg la cac 6ng nghi�m d� tranh tinh tr�ng lao h6a Hiy lan a nhi�t d() va khong c6 anh sang

M�u chiu tac d()ng cua hai ySu t6 oxy cua khong khi va nhi�t

Tac dt,mg lao h6a duqc danh gia b&ng each so sanh m()t hay nhiSu tinh chfrt ca

ly cua m�u tru6c va sau lao h6a va duqc biSu diSn b&ng SlJ suy giam cac tinh chfrt tren

• Lao boa t�i nhi�t dq cao:

Cao su silicone bi lao h6a nhi�t trong khoang nhi�t d9 tu 1 50° C - 3 1 6° C, dAn dAn n6 tra nen c(mg va mfrt di tinh dan h6i cua n6 Tuy nhien, ch�c ch�n tinh chfrt c6 th� duqc nang len Kha nang chiu nen thuemg nang len khi dem m�u thu d6 cho lao h6a nhi�t tru6c D9 bSn keo thi c6 vai S\f thay d6i phl,l thu()c vao lo�i cao su dem thu D9 bSn keo c6 th� giam ch�m, duy tri l�i hofm toan hol}.c th�m chi c6 th� tang m()t it nSu duqc tiSp t1,1c gia nhi�t

Bang 2.1 : Anh huang cua nhi�t lao h6a len cao su fluorosilicone M�u thu sau 1 350 gio t�i nhi�t d9 149° C(300° F) 200° C(392° F) Dan vi do d9 ctmg, diem thay doi +2 - 2

D9 gian dai, % thay doi - 1 0 - 1 5

9

23•c (73"F)

Tl;li nhi�t d9 thu nghi�m cho thcly cao su silicone giam d<) b€n keo it hon so v6'i cac v�t li�u dan h6i khac Thvc v�y, qua 4 lol;li: cao su butyl, cao su thien nhien, cao

su neoprene va nitril cho thcly khong c6 tinh chcit dan h6i nao sau 48 gia tl;li nhi�t d9

1 63° C Bi�u d6 ben du6'i so sanh k€t qua ki�m tra cua cao su silicone va 3 lol;li cao

su dan h6i khac: butyl, polyacrylic va EPDM

Anh hu6ng cua nhi�t d9 d€n d9 b€n keo cua cao su silicone, cao su butyl, polyacrylic, EPDM tl;li nhi�t d<) thu nghi�m

12

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- BQC day di�n cho may bay va ten lua

- Bao each di�n va each nhi�t cho ten lira

- Cua lo, d�m may gi�t va sfry

- D�m v�t each di�n cho ban ui, chao ran,

- 6ng cao su, binh di�n, dung djch tfun bQc day di�n

- Bang dan di�n c6 va khong c6 vai

- D�m den hinh may truy�n hinh

- L6p bQc ki�ng

- Day cap nang lugng h�t nhan,

2.1.4.6 Ky ngh� xay d\fllg

- Cac d�m, cac 16p phu (tuang, mai, k�) ch6ng tac d()ng moi truem

+

Ch�t deo Silicone Cat d�u tien duqc chuy�n bi�n thanh silic kim lo1;1i, r6i n6 duqc chuy�n b�ng phan ilng v&i cac halogen hiiu ca (RX) thimh hQP chclt trung gian d�u tien nhu hi cac hQP chclt silic - clo hiiu ca RnSiX(4-n):

S i02 + 2C -+ Si + 2CO ROH + HX -+ RX + H20

S i + RX -+ RnSiX(4-n) (khi d6 : n = 0-4) Sau khi chung ccit va ph6i li�u thich hQP, cac hQP chclt trung gian ban d�u duqc chuy�n thanh m(>t h6n hQP cac polyme trQng luqng phan tu thclp, va bkg phan ilng thuy phan diclo-silan hiiu ca d� lam ngung k�t silandion nhu sau:

              -,J‡В*В

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(:eng vui cac chdt �o lien ket ngang, t�o ra san phfun co the luu hoa dUQ'C Phan (:eng

t\1 BO xciy ra khi CO S\f tiep XUC VUi det fun kh6ng khf va kern VUi S\f giai phong CclC

san phfun hydroxit S\I luu hoa nay bdt ddu vui S\I hinh thanh lap mang (J � �t va

tiep tuc dAn dAn vao phfa ben trong cao su silicone

I I

'

cac lien ket doi cua nhom vinyl tren m�ch polysiloxane duoi tac d\lng cua chat xuc

b LU'U hoa iY nhi�t dQ cao HTV

Khi cho peroxide hfru co vao cao su silicone poly metyl vinyl siloxane thi cao

su silicone se h6a r�n theo qua trinh sau:

Du6'i tac dt,mg cua nhi�t m9t s6 electron cua phan tu preoxide tach ra va t�o thanh g6c tv do theo phuong trinh sau:

Silicone khi khong c6 chfit d9n (ngo�i trir m9t lugng nho peroxide d� t�o m�ch ngang) chi d�t d9 ctmg dSn 50 Shore A NSu dn d9 ctmg cao han, dn phai c6 them cac chfit d9n rna khi cac chfit d9n duqc b6 sung d�c bi�t la v6'i lugng vita phai (khong qua 20% ), cac tinh chfit co hQc cua san ph�m luu h6a hi cinh huang m�nh,

S\I tang b�n b�ng chfit d9n it anh huang dSn d9 biSn d�ng M�t khac cac chfit d9n tro hay con gQi la chfit d9n trung tinh c6 th� duqc tr9n v6'i lugng 16'n va do d6 lam giam chi phi cac h6n hqp tr9n

24

Sau day Ia m9t sa chit chang Hio h6a thrrirng dung:

DS ch6ng lao h6a oxi va ozon dung cac chfit nh6m phenyl nhu: oxidiphenyl diaminodifenyl sulfite, aminofenol naphtiramin N�u silicone c6 mau khi lao h6a hay bi bi�n mau nen dilng 1 - 2 mercaptopentimidazol ho�c resorsininden lam chfit ch6ng lao h6a hay gifr mau

DS ch6ng lao h6a anh sang dung cac chfit crizoidien va aniloran

DS ch6ng lao h6a ozon dung dimetyl dietyl, dibutyl dithio cacbamit

DS ch6ng lao h6a oxi vua ch6ng lao h6a anh sang t6t c6 thS dilng b6 h6ng lc;ti c6 tac dl,mg nhu la m()t chfit d()n hoc;tt tinh, nen duqc su dl,mg r()ng rai nhfit

• Chit gia ca:

Chfit gia c6 hay con gQi la chfit keo dinh tang cuang h,rc nh�m tc;to ra lien k�t a

dc;tng keo v6'i cac chfit d()n, cac chfit ph\1 gia hay cac v�t li�u khac, SlJ hoa hqp c6 thS dap (mg hftu h�t cac yeu du ky thu�t san xufit silicone

Cao su silicone c6 tinh chfit chju lua t6t hon so v6'i cac loc;ti cao su thien nhien Tfnh chfit nay c6 thS duqc m1ng len bai cho them chfit chju lua chfuig hc;tn nhu platin tr()n l§:n v6'i b6 h6ng, nhom trihydrate, kern ho�c xeri v a nen chu y r�ng b6 h6ng them vao ciing lam tang tinh d§:n di�n

Oxit s�t (Fe203) ciing c6 thS duqc them vao dS nang cao d() b�n nhi�t, titan dioxit va hqp kim khac k�t hqp v6'i nhau khi mu6n tc;to nen mau s�c

2.4 Cac lo�i silicone

Hi�n nay tren thi trubng c6 rfit nhi�u loc;ti cao su silicone va cac h6n hqp cao su silicone v6'i chfit d()n M()t s6 nha cung cftp thuang g�p: General Electric (G.E), Dow Coming (D.C), Union Carbide (U.C) Ngoai ra con c6 cac loc;ti silicone duqc sfm xufit bai cac cong ty Trung Qu6c, Dai Loan

Theo tieu chucin ASTM - D 1 4 1 8 c6 cac loc;ti cao su silicone duqc neu trong bang 2.6

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