Tren linh vflc giao due, chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem lap tflc thay doi he thdng va ndi dung giao due b mien Nam, bang each cho ap dung chfldng trinh giao due do eac doan cd van ve" van ho
Trang 1XAY mjNG l\hi GIAO DIJC DAN XdC DAI\ CHU « VtWG
CAN Ctr CACH MANG TINH THU DAU MOT - BINH DlTONG TRONG KHANG CHIEN CHONG MY (1954-1975)
NGUYEN VAN HIEP*
Hiep dinh ve cha'm dflt chie'n tranh,
lap lai hda binh b Ddng Dfldng
dfldc ky ngay 21-7-1954 tai Gendve, Thuy
Si; theo do, cac nflde tham dfl hdi nghi cam
ke't tdn trpng ehii quyen, dpc lap, thd'ng
nha't va toan ven lanh thd, khdng can thiep
vao edng viee ndi bd ciia ba nflde Ddng
Dfldng Ldi dung thd't bai cua Phap, de' qud'e
My nhanh chdng trien khai am mflu xam
lUdc Viet Nam, bien m i l n Nam Viet Nam
thanh thupc dia kieu mdi va can cfl quan sfl
eiia My, ngan ehan anh hfldng ciia chu
nghia cpng san va phong trao giai phong
dan tdc dang lan rdng b khu vfle Dong Nam
A Trong bd'i canh do, giao due each mang b
Thii D i u Mpt - Binh Dfldng phai vupt qua
cudc chie'n tranh ac liet de xay dflng nen
giao due dan tde dan ehii
1 Duy t r i giao d u e ca,ch m a n g t r o n g
k h o k h a n t h i i t h a c h m 6 i (1954 - 1960)
Hiep dinh Geneve ky chfla rao mflc,
chinh quyen Ngo Dinh Diem da bdc lp rd y
do pha hoai, khiing bd' nhflng ngUdi tham
gia khang chie'n Tren linh vflc giao due,
chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem lap tflc thay
doi he thdng va ndi dung giao due b mien
Nam, bang each cho ap dung chfldng trinh
giao due do eac doan cd van ve" van hoa • giao due cua My soan thao Mpt mat, chinh quyen Diem mudn loai bd anh hfldng ciia nen giao due Phap de lai, mat khac ra sflc dfla vao ehfldng trinh giao due mdi xay dflng ndi dung chd'ng cdng, phu nhan thanh qua each mang va khang chie'n Khau hieu cua nganh giao due do chinh quyin Diem
d l r a la "ddn toe, nhdn bdn, khai phon^',
nhUng thuc cha't do la nen giao due nhim phue vu eho tang Idp thfldng lflu, trung lUu dang edng tac mat thiet vdi My - Diem, U vung ndng thon, he thd'ng trfldng hpc do chinh quyen Sai Gdn xay dflng chi co duy nhat bae tieu hpc, tap trung tai cac true lp chinh, g i n ddn bo't Hpe sinh mudn hpc tiep tfl Idp De tha't (Idp 6) trd len, phai ra thi tra'n, thi xa hoac len cae thanh phd ldn Do vay, con em nhan dan lao ddng ngheo tJ nhflng vung nong thdn khdng ed dilu kien dfldc den trfldng, nhieu em trong do tudi di hpc hoan toan khdng bidt chfl
Tren thflc te, nhu cau hpe tap eua con
em nhan dan lao ddng la ra't 16n Nam bat dflde nhu cau dd, dpi ngu lam cdng tac giao
due each mang b tinh Thu Dau Mdt mong
mud'n tiep tuc duy tri va phat trien boat
Trang 2ddng giao due, nhlft la giao due tieu hoc va
binh dan hoc vu Nhung dieu kien thuc te'
khdng cho phdp thUc hien mong mudn dd,
bdi sau Hiep dinh Geneve, mdt sd can bd
chii chdt eua nganh giao due tinh Thu D i u
Mdt thdi chdng Phap hy sinh, sd' khae dupe
td chflc s i p xep r a rhiln B i e tap ket, mdt sd'
giao vien khang chiin dfldc phan cdng b lai
phai rut vao ho^t ddng bi mat (1) Trong
hoan canh dd, nhflng can bp, giao vien tam
huyet b tinh Thu D i u Mdt tim each tao vd
bpc hdp phap dd hoat ddng va no lflc gay
dflng cd sd tai cae trfldng tfl thuc Tieu bieu
la cae trfldng Binh Dan, Anh Minh, Tri Tri,
Dflc Tri, Nghia An, Nghia PhUdng (thi xa
Thu Dau Mdt), Tan Quang (Chau Thanh)
(2)
Ben canh dd, tai cac huyen, mdt sd' can
bd, cd sd each mang hoac q u i n chung ydu
nflde, ed cam tinh vdi each mang da tan
dung t h i edng khai hdp phap dflng ra md
eac Idp hoc tai tfl gia, dfla vao ehfldng trinh
giang day nhflng bai hpc v l ldng ai qudc,
long tfl hao dan tpc Hinh thflc Idp hpc tU
gia phat trien manh b vung can cfl khang
chien cu nhfl Long Nguyen, Lai Hflng, An
Dien, An Tky, Phfl An (Ben Cat), Thanh
An, Thanh Tuyln, Dinh An (Diu Tieng),
Uyen Hflng, An Thanh, Binh Hda, My Hda
(Tan Uyen) (3) Trong dilu kien bi chinh
quyen tay sai d l qudc kilm soat gat gao,
cac t h i y ed giao cf cac Idp hpc t u gia nay
thudng ehu trpng giao due dao dflc, nhan
each va tinh ydu que hfldng, da't nfldc cho
hpc sinh nhfl: k l chuyen v l tfldng Nguyin
Binh (4), ve cae chien khu b Thu Dau Mdt
thdi chd'ng Phap (chien khu Long Nguyen,
Thuan An Hda, chien khu D), gidi thieu
lang sdn mai t r u y i n thd'ng Tfldng Binh
Hi^p, lang gdm Tan PhUdc Khanh (Tan
Uydn), gidi thidu nhflng ndt van hda cd
truyin ciia qud hUdng (vd thuat Tan Khanh
ehfla Ong Bon), Ben canh vide hpc chfl, hoc sinh edn dUde t h i y giao "khai tam" nhflng hieu biet ve each mang (nhU can cfl khang Phap d i u the ky XX d My Ldc - Tan Uyen, phong trao Hdi kin d Uyen Hflng (Tan
Uyen), phong trao cdng san b Nhk may xe
ICla Di An, phong trao truyin ba chfl Qudc ngfl vdi nhflng thay giao ten tud'i mdt thdi nhfl Le Minh ChUdng, Nguyin Van Tiet ) (5)
Tuy nhien, trong boi canh ehinh quyin
My - Diem ngay cang day manh cac ehien dich "td' cdng", "diet cdng", hoat ddng cua eac Idp hpe t u gia vdi tinh t h i n yeu nudc, tie'n bd khdng t h i tranh khoi tinh trang hi theo ddi, kiem soat chat ehe Hdn nfla, dpi ngu can bd, dang vien bam tru dia ban de chi dao phong trao each mang - trong dd cd mang eong tac giao due - lai bi tdn tha't het sflc nang ne Nhilu thiy, cd giao da bi bat,
tu day va bi gie't (nhfl t h i y Nguyen Van
Cudng, Pham Van Tiep, LUu Vkn Chfl,
Nguydn Van Minh, Nguyen Van Tam, Nguyin Van Lie, Nguydn Van Dfldng, Hu^nh Minh Bach, Nguyin Van Lila, thiy Diep Hdi, ed Nguyin Thi Re bi dich bit, ngfldi bi k i t an tOf hinh, ngfldi hi day di Cdn Dao ) Cd sd Dang, ed sd each mang tan vd hang loat, mot sd huyen khdng cdn chi bp
cd sd nao tdn tai va boat dong Phong trao each mang ci Thii Diu Mdt noi ehung, boat ddng giao due each mang trdn dia ban tinh ndi rieng, dflng trfldc thii thach khde liet (6)
Tfl cudi nam 1957 de'n nam 1959, d Thii
D i u Mdt khdng cd hoat ddng ddc lap cua bp phan lam cdng tae giao due Cac Idp hpe tfl gia cung ngay eang thu hep Mdt sd cd sd each mang va quan ehung yeu nflde tan dung the edng khai hdp phap d i u tranh ddi ehinh quyen phai xay dflng trfldng Idp cho
con em cd chd hpe tap 6 mdt sd trfldng hpc
Trang 3cua chinh quyen tay sai, giao vien t h a n h
lap cac td bi mat lien he vdi ed sd each
mang, tham gia cung eSp tin tflc, tai lieu
cua dieh cho each mang Trong hoan eanh
hi dan ap ngat ngheo, cac hoat ddng giao
due tam lang nhflng tinh t h i n yeu nghi,
nhidt tinh each mang eua dpi ngii nha giao
ydu nfldc van am t h i m chd dpi cd hdi tie'p
tiic boat ddng
2 Ttfng hxidc p h a t t r i e n giao d u e
d a n t o e d a n c h u t r o n g q u a t r i n h
e h u y e n t h e e a c h m a n g (1960 -1965)
Tfl d i u nam 1960, phong trao Ddng khdi
cua ddng bao mien Nam ngay cang lan
rdng, lam suy sup bd may quan sU va chinh
quyin Sai Gdn b xa, a'p De'n ngay
20-12-1960,.M^t t r a n Dan tdc giai phdng mien
Nam Viet Nam r a ddi Tuyen ngdn va
ehfldng trinh hanh ddng eua Mat tran Dan
tdc giai phdng mien Nam Viet Nam la ngpn
cd hieu trieu nhan dan Thu D i u Mdt dflng
ldn da'u tranh each mang, danh dd e h i dp
thudc dia tra hinh eiia de' qud'e My va chinh
quyen tay sai Ngd Dinh Diem, lap nen
chinh quyin each mang (7) Vdi sfl phat
triln ciia phong trAo Ddng khdi va sfl ra ddi
cua Mat tr$n Dfin tde giai phdng mien Nam
Viet Nam, t)y ban Mat tran Dan tdc giai
phdng dfldc thAnh lap b cd'p tinh, huy§n va
nhilu xa, a'p Ban Thdng tin van hda giao
due ciia Mat tran Dfin t0c giai phdng cac
ea'p dflng ra ehi dao phong trao binh dan
hpc vu va bd tuc van hda cho nhan dan
Vdi chii trfldng "giai phdng de'n dau,
thue hidn cdng tac giao due d i n do", tai cac
xa do each mang lam chu sau Ddng khdi,
ean bd bd phan tuyen truyen td ehflc ngay
nhflng budi gap gd de van ddng, hfldng d i n
cac t h i y cd giao tai d|a ban tiep quan cae
trudng hpe, Idp hpc dk cd hoac xay dflng
trfin Dan tdc giai phdng, cae xa, i p hd hdi
md Idp xoa mii chfl va tjo tuc van hda Xa nao, a'p nao giai phong deu ed trUdng Idp va ddng dao hpe sinh di hpe TrUdng Idp lflc
nay chu ye'u xky dflng hang tre, la do nhan
dan gdp T h i y ed giao van dpng phu huynh
va hpc sinh trdng cfiy de tao mau xanh va
t r a n h may bay dich ban pha Ndi dung giang day theo chfldng trinh giao due each mang thdi ky khang chie'n chdng Phap,
nha't la dd'i vdi cac mdn Van, Sii, Giao due
cdng dan Do saeh giao khoa thieu, nen 3 mdt sd ndi cd ke't hdp st[ dung saeh giao khoa cac mdn Toan, Danh Van trong vung dieh tam ehiem De npi dung day va hpc gan vdi thflc tien, giao vien cdn sii dung mdt sd'bai bao, tin tfle thdi sfl truyin dat cho hpc sinh Khdng khi hpe tap trong vung giai phdng tuy cdn n h i l u khd khan gian khd,, tham chi ed luc t h i y trd dang trong gid hpe phai ehay ean nhflng ludn tran day l^c quan, pha'n khdi Trfldc sU phat triln manh
ciia phong trao giao due b vung giai phdng,
thang 10-1962, Tieu ban Giao due Trung Udng Cue mien Nam (gpi t i t la Tilu ban Giao due miln) dflde t h a n h lap, trfle thudc Ban Tuyen hua'n, giup Trung Udng Cue chi dao cdng tac giao due toan miln Nam (8) Sau dd, eae tieu ban giao due khu, tinh, huyen, xa dUdc t h a n h lap chinh thfle
6 tinh Thu D i u Mdt, Tieu ban Giao due tinh dfldc t h a n h lap do ba Nguydn Thi Re lam Trfldng t i l u ban Cac dng Nguyen Van Tai, Vu Hoang Khanh, Ngd Long Vd lam uy vien Tilu ban Giao due tinh ddng tai Bau
Rd, xa Thanh Tuyen - Tri Tam (Diu Tieng) Sau khi Tieu ban Giao due tinh thanh ISp, tai cac huyen, xa, bd may chi dao edng tac giao due eung l i n lUdt hinh thanh theo nganh dpc; huyen cd Tieu ban Giao due true thudc Ban Tuyfin hua'n, eae xa cd Ban
Trang 4a'p ciing hinh t h a n h Ban Giao due a'p Vao
thcli dilm mdi t h a n h l|ip, trinh dp chuyen
mdn ciia can bd cdc tieu ban giao due tfl cip
huydn d i n xa, a'p edn ban che Song vdi khi
t h i each mang dang phat trien rat manh,
tilu ban giao due cac efi'p da nd lUe cham lo
td chflc trUdng, 16p, cung e i p sach vd, giai
quylt nhu e i u hpe hanh cho con em nhan
dan De phu hdp vdi dieu kidn thUc te eua
dia phUdng, eae trUdng hpe dUdc td ehflc
th&nh tflng dilm nhd trong tflng a'p, thuan
tidn di lai cua giao vien va hpc sinh; Idp hpc
chu ye'u do nhan dan cho da't, dong gdp cay,
l a v a eiing nhau dung ldn, ed Idp dUde td
chfle trong nha dan; ban ghe, dung cu hpe
t^tp edn r i t t h i l u thd'n Thay, cd giao chii
yeu la nhflng thanh nien biet chfl tfl
nguydn tham gia giang day khdng ddi hdi
thu lao Sau gid day hpc, cac t h i y ed giao
ciing san xua't b gia dinh hoae giup nhan
dan san xua't
Vdi sfl hoat dpng tieh cflc eiia tieu ban
giao due huydn, xa va cac a'p, phong trao
binh dan hpe vu va bd tue van hda d Thu
Diu Mdt phat trien ra't manh Dau nam
1963, Tinh uy Thii D i u Mdt da thanh lap
trfldng Van Chinh vdi nhiem vu day van hda,
chinh tri eho can bd khang ehien cac ca'p
tinh, huyen va thanh thilu nien la con em
can bd, du kich, ddng thdi dao tao dpi ngu
giao vien bing each md nhflng Idp hua'n
luydn nghiep vu n g i n ngay tfl 1 t u i n den 1
- 2 thang Tieu ban Giao due tinh lam ndng
cdt cho cdng tac dao tao giao vien tai trfldng
Vfln Chinh Ngay sau khi trfldng Van
Chinh thanh lap, Tieu ban Giao due tinh
da tap hdp nhflng can bd, du kieh b ckc ed
quan eua tinh, huyen tham gia cdng tac
trong Tilu ban Giao due va eac Idp dao tao
giao vidn Cac huyen Ben Cat, Chau
Thanh, Tri Tam (Diu Tilng) deu cii ngUdi
tham dfl Khda hpc keo dai trong 1 thang
dupe van ddng vao vung giai phdng tham cdng tac giao due Phu trach Idp la can bp 5 Tieu ban Giao due tinh va mot so" lanh dao Ban Tuydn hugfli tinh
De dap flng nhu ciu giao vien cho cae dia phfldng, thang 8-1963, Tieu ban Giao due mien Nam da md trfldng sfl pham dao t£io giao vien trong toan miln la'y ten la
Trfldng giao due Thang Tam (9) 6 tinh
Thu Dau Mpt, cung vdi can bd Tieu ban Giao due tinh, mdi huydn eflng cut 3 - 4 can
bd tham dfl khda dao tao giao vien Thang Tam
Sau chin thang hpc tap tai can efl R (Tay Ninh), cae t h i y cd giao da v l td ehfle Idp
hua'n luyen b mdi huyen d l phd biln v l
dfldng ldi giao due cua Mat tran Dan tpc Giai phdng miln Nam, ddng thdi gidi thipu nhflng tai Udu hpc tap do Tieu ban Giao due
mien bien soan nhu quyen: Vdn binh ddn
hgc vu phuc vu cuoc khdng chie'n chdng My, Chuang trinh cdp 1 bd tdc vdn hoa cflng
mdt sd saeh ea'p 1 bd tfle van hda (Tap dpc, Toan, Dia ly )
Cflng thdi diem eac t h i y cd giao k i t thflc
khoa dao tao giao vien b can cfl R trd vl,
tinh Thu D i u Mot dflpe Trung fldng tfing cfldng them 4 can bd tfl miln Bic cd trinh
dp dai hpc v l tham gia cdng tac tai Tieu ban Giao due tinh, ddng thdi Tinh uy cung tang cfldng them hai giao vien dang edng tae tfl Ban Tuyen huan cho Tieu ban Lflc lfldng nay nhanh chong tda ve cae huyen chi dao ehuyen mdn, hua'n luydn v l nghiep
vu day hpc, phd bie'n phUdng phap to chflc
va xay dung phong trao giao due Sd can bp nay da trd thanh nhflng nong cot ca v l chuyen mdn va edng tac td chfle, phat ddng
phong trao giao due b dia phfldng
Cudi thang 4 d i u thang 5-1964, Dai hdi giao due toan miln Nam dupe td chflc nhim
Trang 5ehflc giao due, chfldng trtnh sach giao khoa
Tilp dd, ngay 19-5-1964, Dai hoi t h a n h lap
Hdi nha giao ydu nfldc nham tfip hop t a t ea
nhflng ngfldi lam cdng tac giao due, eae nha
giao ydu nUdc va tid'n bd trong toan m i l n
Nam vao mat t r a n da'u tranh thflc hien mdt
n i n giao due dan tpc, dan chu va t i l n bd,
ehdng lai ehinh saeh nd dieh cua d l qud'c
My va chinh quyen tay sai (10)
Sau Dai hpi giao due toan mien Nam,
Tilu ban Giao due tinh da md bd'n Idp hua'n
luyen giao vien n g i n ngay cho cac dia
phUdng Hai Idp dUdc to chfle tai Thanh
Tuyln (Diu Tilng), mdt Idp md tai An Tay
va mpt Idp md tai Long Nguyen (Ben Cat)
Mdi Idp tfl 15 d i n 20 ngfldi tham dfl Npi
dung trpng tam la bdi dfldng phUdng phap
va nguydn tac day hpe de dflng Idp
Cd dpi ngii giao vien lam ndng cdt, hau
h i t eae xa b vung can cfl d i u hinh thanh
Tilu ban Giao due (trflc thudc Ban Van
giao xa) Tieu ban Giao due lam nhidm vu
md Idp va van ddng nhan dan ddng gdp
edng sflc, gao, tien xay dflng trfldng Idp;
nudi gia'u, bao ve giao vidn Khdng khi hpc
tdp hd't sfle sdi nd'i Cac Idp hpe dfldc td chfle
thfldng xuyen, b ba't cfl chd nao (dfldi gd'c
cfiy, gian biu, gian mfldp ), ba't k l ngay
ddm, miln yen tid'ng sung la ed t h i dd'n Idp
de hpe Muc tieu eua Idp hpe ra't thiet thflc
va phu hpp vdi hoan canh eu t h i la lam sao
cho ddng bao, can bd, chie'n si bie't dpc, bie't
vid't (de dpc dflde cdng van, vid't dUpc k h i u
hieu) Vdi long nhiet tinh, tan tam, cdng tae
van ddng quan ehflng td't, nen eae giao vidn
di de'n dau cung dUpc ea'p uy, mat tran va
nhan dan h i t ldng giup dd d l md diem
trudng (hoae cho mUdn nha d l md Idp),
Vdi nhflng cd' ging tren, trong nhflng
nam 1963 - 1964, phong trao giao due d
trong khang chie'n cho'ng My De'n cum nam
1964, Thu D i u Mdt fldc tinh cd den 38 trudng va diem trUdng tieu hpc, 120 giao vien vdi g i n 2.500 hpc sinh ea bd tflc van hda va binh dan hpe vu; xa nhieu nha't cd vai diem trfldng ed tii 4 - 10 giao vien, xa it nha't Cling cd 1 - 2 diem trfldng va 3 - 5 giao vien Theo so heu thd'ng ke sd bp eiia Ban Lidn lae eUu giao ehfle Thii D i u Mot, vao thdi diem cuoi nam 1964, trdn dia ban cac lang cao su Dau Tilng ta md dfldc 8 diem
trfldng b eac lang 4, 5, 6, 10, 16, 18, 21, 22;
hai xa Thanh An va Thanh Tuyln deu co 5
diem trfldng (Thanh An b eac ap 2, 3, 4, 5,
6, Thanh T u y l n b cac a'p 3, 4, 5, 7, 11) Ben
Cat la ndi co phong trao giao due phat trien manh nha't Xa An Tay md dfldc 3 diem
trfldng (b ckc a'p 1, 2, 4); xa An Diln md
dupc 1 diem trudng; xa Phfl An md hai diem trUdng (ap 1, 4); xa Long Nguyen ed 6 diem trUdng (a'p 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, Trang Ldn); xa Kie'n An (An Lap) cd 3 dilm trudng (Bau Khai, Hd Can, Da't Dd); xa Chanh Lflu (Chanh Phu Hda) md dfldc 4 Idp (a'p 1, 2, 3, 4) (11)
CJ mdi diem trUdng deu ed tfl mdt de'n ba
Idp hpe Tfly tinh hinh b mdi ndi, ed dilm
trfldng dflpe xay dflng ngay trong xdm, ap (Diu Tie'ng, Chanh Phu Hda); ed diem trfldng dfldc lam dfldi nhflng tan eay ldn (Thanh An, Thanh Tuyln); cd diem trfldng
d\i6c lam kin dao trong bia rflng Phin ldn
eae diem trfldng, Idp hpe deu ed he thd'ng giao
thdng hao tranh bom dan Dac biet la b Long
Nguyen va cae xa An Diln, An Tay, Phu An
la ndi thfldng xuyen hi dieh can quet, ban pha bom phao nen cac dilm trUdng diu cd h§ thdng giao thdng hao Uen ke't vdi hd thdng cdng sfl ea nhan de giao vidn va hpc sinh tni
an khi eo dich can quet Cd ndi nen Idp hpc dflde dao sau xudng da't ehiing hdn Im de dflng nha
Trang 6Ndi dung giang day chu yeu la hai mdn
Van Toan theo chUdng trinh Idp 1, 2 cua
giao due miln Bic Tieu han Giao due cii
ckn bd ldn cfin cfl R sao chep saeh giao khoa
Tieu hpc chuyen tfl m i l n Bic vao rdi danh
may, in thanh quyen dfla ve eae trfldng lam
tai lieu giang day va hpe tap Trong nam
1965, T i l n ban Giao due tinh da in va
ehuyen ve cac dia phUdng tren 3.000 ban
saeh Toan va Tie'ng Viet tfl Idp 1 den Idp 4
Ngoai hai mdn ehinh la Van va Toan, Tieu
ban Giao due tinh con la'y ndi dung tfl saeh,
bao each m^ng d l bien soan tai Hdu giao
due dao dflc each mang cho hpe sinh vdi ten
goi "Hgc bdo" (12)
Phfldng cham "hpe den dau day dd'n dd",
phong trao giao due each mang b Thu Dau
Mpt xua't hien n h i l u sang kie'n ca trong day
va hpc Mdt sd' dia phfldng tfl dao tao giao
vien ca'p tdc nang cao trinh dp van hda eua
thiy, ed giao Cd t h i y co chi vfla bie't doe
bilt vid't da tham gia day hpc, nhflng sau
miy thang hua'n luydn, mpi ngfldi d i u n i m
dfldc each soan giao an dam bao diy du cae
ndi dung: giao due tfl tudng each mang cho
hpc sinh, truyin thu kie'n thflc va ren luyen
ky nang, ky xao
Tren da phat t r i l n manh eiia bac tieu
hoc, d i u nam 1965, Tinh iiy chii trfldng md
trfldng ca'p 2 vdi hinh thflc hpc tap trung
danh cho con em can bd t r o r ^ cac cd quan
dkn - ehinh - dang va ddng bao vflng can efl
Thi^e hidn chOi trfldng cua tinh Ban Tuyen
huin va Tieu ban Giao due tinh da da Ifla
chpn dia dilm tai khu vflc Ddng Trdn (xa
Thanh Tuyen) de md trfldng cd'p 2 tap
trung la'y tdn la trfldng Ly Tfl Trpng Thang
2 nfim 1965, trfldng xay dflng xong va
tuyen sinh ngay dflde 2 Idp (1 Idp 5 ed 29
hpc sinh va Idp 6 cd 20 hpc sinh) Cae t h i y
giio Pham Thanh Hai, Nguyin Hflu Phfldc,
due tinh dfldc phan cdng vfla phu trach, vfla giang day Thay Pham Thanh Hai dflde phan cdng lam Hieu trfldng Trfldng Ly Tfl Trpng cdn dflde Phan lien khu mien Dong e^ thay giao Nguyin Vilt Thoa - la can bp eua Tieu ban Giao due khu ve hd trd ehuyen mdn va giang day tai trfldng Ly Tfl Trpng trong hai thang
Cung nhfl 5 Thu D i u Mdt, tren dia ban huyen Tan Uyen (vao thdi diem nay thudc dia ban tinh Phfldc Thanh) hoat dpng giao due cung phat trien r i t manh Tieu ban Giao due Phfldc Thanh do dng Do Trung Nhan (Tfl Nhan) lam trfldng ban da efl dfldc 2 can bp tham gia khda dao tao giao vien Thang Tam va quy tu mdt sd' giao vien tfl vung dich tam chie'm v l edng tac nhfl cac thay Tam Tam, Tfl Trien, Chin Long De'n nam 1965, Tilu ban Giao due Phudc Thanh
CO 7 can bp, giao vien Vdi luc lfldng nay, Tieu ban Giao due da md Idp bo tuc van boa tai ed quan Tuyen giao tinh eho can bd eac
ed quan, doan the ddng thdi tda v l eac xa b
Chid'n khu D md Idp xda mu chfl, bd tue van hda eho can bd, chien si va ddng bao Din cud'i nam 1965 d Tan Uyen, Tieu ban Giao due da md dupe mot so' diem trUdng tieu hpc d cac xa Binh My, Tan Binh, Tan My, Phfldc Hda 6 mdi diem trfldng, Tieu ban Giao due tinh d i u den chi dao dn dinh trfldng Idp, hfldng ddn sfl pham cho giao vien 6 mpt sd' dia phfldng, ddng bao cat nha trong rflng sau tranh dich "tat" dan nhilu lin tfl hdi xay dflng i p chien Iflpe, Tieu ban Giao due td chflc cac diem trfldng Hen xa de phuc vu ddng bao, Mdt sd ddng
bao b vung sau, vung xa khong the td ehfle
diem trfldng 16p hoc, Tieu ban Giao due eii can bd, giao vien d i n md Idp bd tuc van boa lflu ddng cho can bd xa, eac hdi doan the va ddng bao
Trang 7Phong trao hpc tap van hda sdi noi 5 Thu
D i u Mdt trong nhflng nam 1964 - 1965 la
bieu tfldng, hinh anh tot dep eua each
mang trong nhflng ngay ehiln t r a n h ae lidt
Gifla vung thdn que, xen lan hinh anh ehan
lam tay bun cua ngfldi ndng dan, v | n nghe
tha'y nhflng tieng danh v i n cua hoc sinh
hoa trong tid'ng sung dan Hinh anh a'y da
di vao thd ea vdi nhiing v i n tho r a t ddi
than thfldng, binh di, nhfl d l ghi nhan va
tdn vinh nhflng ddng gop t h i m lang ma
vinh quang eua nhflng ngfldi lam cong tae
giao due b Thu D i u Mdt; "Ngodi ddng My
-ngity ddn qudn I Trong nhd tre vdn quay
qudn eai Xin chdo be Nu, be Hoa I Ngdy
Id CO gido, dim Id hgc sinh" (13)
3 SiJfe sd'ng g i a o d u e e a c h m a n g
t r o n g c h i e n t r a n h a c liet (1965 -1975)
Tfl nam 1965, vdi tha't bai cua chie'n Ifldc
"Chie'n t r a n h dae bidt" My day manh
chie'n t r a n h xfim Ifldc b i n g chien Ifldc
"Chiin t r a n h cue bd" (the local war) Trdn
dia ban ThOi D i u Mdt va PhUde Thanh, tfl
thang 9-1965, d l qud'e My va quan dpi Sai
Gdn huy ddng 20 t i l u doan (ed 2 tieu doan
thude Lfl doan du 173 My) md cudc can
"Hflng Vfldng 9", danh pha can cfl each
mang b Be'n Cat n h i m giai tda doan Id 13
tfl Ben c a t di Chdn Thanh va md rdng an
toan eho can cfl Lai Khe dang xay dflng
Thang 10-1965, dieh md cudc can ldn thfl
hai vao dia ban Ben Cat n h i m muc tieu
"tim diet" lflc lfldng vu trang, pha hiiy can
efl khang chie'n va lap tuye'n an ninh cho
can efl Lai Khe Cung trong thang
10-1965, My va quan dpi Sai Gdn huy ddng ba
tieu doan ed phi phao, xe tang yem trd can
quet dai ngay vao vflng can efl Thuan An
Hda eua huydn Lai Thieu Thang 11-1965,
mdt tieu doan quan My thudc Lfl doan dfl
173 do bp xud'ng Hieu Liem, hanh quan
can quet khu vfle Sinh, Giang Hfldng
Tfl khi My va qufin dpi Sai Gdn thflc hien chien lUdc "Chie'n t r a n h cue bd", hoat
ddng giao due b Thu D i u Mdt va PhUdc
Thanh d i l n ra trong d i l u kien het sflc gian khd, ac het Trong thdi gian d i u dieh thuc hien chien Iflde "Chid'n t r a n h cue bd", cudng
dp danh pha day dae, dong bao phai tan cfl ngfldc vao vflng dich kiem soat de tranh bom dan, boat ddng day hpc gap nhilu kho khan 0 Be'n Cat, trong nhflng tran can
d i u nam 1966, nhieu Idp hpe phai gian doan Tuy nhien, tfl thfle te da'u tranh, din
d i n ddng bao da tim r a bien phap cfi't nha, phan tan ra ddng, tao thd' hdp phap de tilp tuc duy tri diem trudng, 16p hpc Mat khac ddng bao cung tich cflc dSii t r a n h vdi dich ddi trd v l lam rudng vfldn de sinh sdng Vdi
k h i u hieu: "dan bam da't, giao due bam dan, giao vien bam trfldng Idp", Tidu ban giao due cac dia phfldng da nhanh chdng phan tan cac diem trUdng theo dan ra ddng hoac ra vung dan tam dinh cU de duy tri day hpe Hinh thflc Idp hpc cflng het sflc linh boat, Idp nao hoc 6 dia ban kin dao thi nhan dan lam h i m hao che chin; Idp nao hpe trong nha dan thay cd td chfle day vao nhflng luc giae khdng can, khi yen thi hpc, khi ddng thi nghi, ed Idp hpe to chfle trong cac lum eay, ed Idp hpc ban dem, Idp hoc ban ngay
De cd the hoat dpng dfldc trong dilu kien chie'n tranh ngay cang ac Het, ta't ca cac thay cd giao va hpe sinh d i u dupe buin luyen phdng tranh bom phao va sfl can quet eua dieh 0 cae xa An Dien, An Tay, Phii An, Long Nguyen dpi du kich xa edn to chflc bao ve cho thay cd giao va hpc sinh, bao ve trfldng Idp, saeh giao khoa Cae thay giao cd giao da dflng vdi t r i n g ve len mai Idp hpc yeu e i u dich khdng dUpc b i n pha Dau nam 1966, trudng Van Chinh tuyln
Trang 8bd cac nganh doan the huyen Ben Cat
Trong qua trinh hpc t^p, can bd, giao vien
va hoc sinh d i u tham gia san xua't tU tfle
nhu mUdn dfi't cua dan de trdng khoai lang,
khoai mi, t r a n h thu ngay nghi hpc ho£ie ban
dem hd trd nhan dan c i t lua, ca't giau lUdng
thUc, tai san giflp ddng bao Trfldng cap 2
LJ Tfl Trpng ciing tie'p tue tuyen sinh (khda
2) dupe 2 Idp (1 Idp 5 va 1 Idp 6) vdi 45 hpe
sinh Khda hpc nay dupe giang day ehfldng
trinh Idp 5 va Idp 6 theo chfldng trinh giao
due he 10 nam b m i l n Bac
Vdi nhflng nd lUc eua dpi ngii can bd,
giao vidn, Thii D i u Mdt trd thanh dia
phfldng cd hoat ddng giao due ndi bat trong
cae tinh Dong Nam Bd Khi Tieu ban Giao
due mien Nam lam bd phim tfl Heu "Phat
triln giao due vflng giai phdng", Thii D i u
Mpt da dupe ehpn lam ndi quay phim Dpi
quay phim cua m i l n ve dia phUdng lam
viee 1 thang va da hoan ta't dfldc bd phim
tfl lidu quy gia nay (hai can bd ciia Tieu
ban Giao due mien Nam la Ly Van Minh
(viet kich ban) va Thdp Hdng (ngfldi quay
phim)) (14)
Nhflng thang cud'i nam 1966, Tilu ban
Giao due ThCi D i u Mdt tiep tuc dfldc tang
cfldng can bd va nhan vien Den thang
10-1966, tdng sd' can bp, giao vien va nhan
vidn tieu ban khoang hdn 40 ngudi Ong Vo
Hoang Khanh dflpe Ban Tuyen hua'n dilu
vl lam Phd t i l u ban D l tranh bi danh pha,
Tieu ban Giao due chuyen ve dflng ehan tai
Hang Nfl - Thanh An (Diu Tie'ng) Tfl day,
Tieu ban Giao due tinh tie'p tuc td chfle
khda bdi dfldng sfl pham ca'p td'c cho giao
vidn va can bd giao due Mdi khda diln ra
khoang 1 thang Tham gia giang day cac
khda nay la nhflng can bd, giao vien ed
nhieu kinh nghiem Can bd phu trach Tieu
ban Giao di^e (Nguyin Thi Re, Vd Hoang
Khanh, Ngd Long Vd ) cung tham gia
giang day va ehi dao khda hpc Ben canh
dd, mdt sd can bd edng tac tai Tilu ban Giao due Khu Trung Nam Bp dang di thuc
td' b Thu D i u Mdt cung dupc mdi tham gia
giang day, chii yeu la bdi dfldng ky nang sU pham cho hpe vidn
Thang 12-1966, Tieu ban Giao due mien
d l ra nhiem vu chung cho toan nganh la quan triet hdn nfla binh dan hpc vu la nhiem vu hang diu, ra sflc xay dflng va duy tri pheng trao binh dan hpc vu cd tinh chat
q u i n ehung va thie't thflc phuc vu each mang de xda mu chfl va nang cao trinh dp van hda cho nhan dan, trude he't la cho can
bd, dang vien, doan vien va nam nfl thanh nien cong ndng; ra sflc khdi phuc, eiing cd
va phat triln he thd'ng trfldng Idp pho thdng Tieu Ban Giao due miln cung d l ra ydu ciu tie'p tue gifl vflng phong trao xoa mfl chfl cho can bd, du kich, dang vien, tich cflc thfle hien bo tue van hda trong cac cd quan va Ifle lfldng vu trang
Thflc hien ehu trfldng eiia Tieu ban Giao
due mien, eac t h i y giao, cd giao b Thu Diu
Mdt da nd lflc ehuyen hfldng, bam theo cae
ed quan, cae ddn vi bd dpi, du kich de td chflc Idp hpe Thdi gian nay, nhilu Idp hpc dfldc to ehflc ngay tai cdng sfl ehien dau Cd luc dich danh 5 - 7 ngay lien tie'p, thiy trd tam lanh de'n cho an toan td chflc Idp hoc
Cd budi hpe, Idp ehi eo 1 - 2 em thiy vin day binh thfldng
Chien tranh ngay eang ac liet, boat ddng giao due eang trd nen khd khan ddng thdi
do nhu ciu can bd tren cac mat cdng tac khang chie'n, Tinh iiy Thii Diu Mot chu trfldng van dpng tdng quan, rut sd can bp eae cd quan bd sung cho cac- ddn vi ehien da'u Thflc hien ehii trfldng nay, Tieu ban Giao due tinh da dfla can bp, nhan vien tieu ban tham gia chie'n trfldng Cudi nfim 1967, nhieu can bo, giao vien eda Tieu ban Giao
il
Trang 9due da tham gia Tieu doan Phu Lpi, trfle
tiep chid'n da'u ngoai mat tran
Trong thdi gian diln ra chien dieh tdng
tie'n cdng va ndi day, phan ldn can bp, giao
vidn eua Tieu ban Giao due tinh d i u trflc
tiep xud'ng chid'n trfldng O thdi diem nay,
Tilu ban Giao due thfle sfl trd thanh mot
"binh ehiing" trong nganh tuyen hua'n,
ngfldi can bd giao due - giao vien trd thanh
ngUdi chie'n si c i m sung chid'n dau Can bp,
giao vidn Thu D i u Mot dupe hpc cac ky
nang tiep dan, tai thfldng t r u y i n tin, bao
eao Mpi thfl deu vd eflng mdi me va phfle
tap ddi v6i nhflng giao vidn lau nay chi
quen lam edng viee day hpc, chi bie't Idp hoc
va hpc trd Du vay, mpi ngfldi deu hang say
luyen tap, mong dd'n ngay ra tran de dfldc
trflc tie'p chie'n da'u, giai phdng que hfldng
Bp phan cdn lai phan tan nho, chuyen v l
cong tac b ckc huydn, hfldng chu yeu la khu
vfle Binh My - Binh Cd (thude chie'n khu D)
phan cdng nhau di day bd' tuc van hda cho
cac ddn vi hoae xda mu chfl cho ddng bao
dan tde thieu so' (15)
Tfl cud'i nam 1968, tren dia ban Phan
khu 5 eung nhfl hai huydn Bd'n Cat, D i u
Tieng (thudc Phan khu 1) dieh dung bom,
phao va rai tham cha't dpe hoa hpe d ca
vung ven, vflng trung tuyd'n, vung can cfl
nham hd trp eho ehfldng trinh "binh dinh
cip td'e", ddng thdi ngan ehan lflc lfldng vfl
trang each mang ta'n cdng vao Sai Gdn
Tie'p dd, thang 3-1969, dieh md ehien dich
Nguyin Trai II d l "binh dinh cap td'c" vung
ven Sai Gdn O Lai Thidu dich tap trung 2
tieu doan thude SU doan 1 bd binh My, 4
tilu doan thupc Su doan 5 nguy, 9 dai ddi
bao an eung mdt sd' giang thuyin va cac
doan binh dinh tap trung danh pha can
quet gom dan cac xa An Sdn An Thanh,
(xa P h u CUdng); can quet dai ngay Chiin khu D, D i u Tieng, B i n Cat
Thang 6-1969, P h a n khu uy Phan khu 5
td chfle Hdi nghi dai b i l u n h a n dan gdm dai dien cac nganh, eac gidi, cac doan t h i each mang Hpi nghi b i u r a Uy ban nhan dan each mang P h a n khu gdm 9 ngUdi (cd 1 uy vien la nfl) Ban Thfldng trflc Uy ban nhan dan each mang P h a n khu 5 do dng Nguyin
v a n Trung (Sau Trung) - Bi thfl Phan khu
uy lam Chu tich Cae dng Bui Khanh Ngfldn (Phan khu uy vien, Tham mflu trfldng Bp ehi huy Phan khu), Hoang Xich Thanh (Chu tich Mat t r a n Dan tpc giai phdng tinh Thii D i u Mdt) lam Phd Chii tich
Ddi vdi cdng tae giao due, trong nam
1969, Phan khu da chi dao eiing ed' td chflc, tap hdp lflc Iflpng sau mdt thdi gian bi gian doan GiQa nam 1969, Tieu ban Giao due phan khu dupe eiing cd' Ong Nguyin XuSn Phong dupe efl lam TrUdng t i l u ban thay cho ba Nguyin Thi Re (do dflde phan cdng nhan cdng tae khae) Cac dng Nguyen Van Quyin, Nguyen Xuan Vinh lam Pho ban Mdt sd giao vien trUde day tham gia ehiln da'u dupc trd v l cdng tac tai tieu ban Nhiem vu cua Tieu ban Giao due luc nay la
nd lUc khdi phuc phong trao giao due b cac
dia phUdng, tiep tue td ehflc cac Idp xoa mii chfl va bd tflc van hda cho cae ddn vi va ddng bao, chuan bi lflc lfldng can bd, giao vien de khdi phue phong trao giao due khi
ed dilu kidn
Tuy nd Ifle lien tue, song boat dpng giao due tfl nam 1969 - 1971 gap ra't nhilu khd khan, gian doan Viee md Idp, md trfldng hau nhfl khdng thfle hidn dfldc Dd'n nam
1972, Tieu ban Giao due Thii Dau Mdt da ehii ddng tap hdp lflc lfldng va trd lai mat
Trang 10ddng Cudi nam 1972, ong Nguyin Xuan
Phong hy sinh, ba Nguyin Thi Re t i l p tue
dflde cit lam Trudng t i l u ban Vao thdi
diem nky, dpi ngu can bd, giao vien tilu
ban cd khoang 20 ngUdi Trong dieu kien
md trudng Idp gap n h i l u khd khan, Tieu
ban Giao due tinh chuyen sang md cac Idp
bdi dudng su pham sd cap vdi quy md nhd
(sd lfldng chi vai ba chuc giao sinh), day
theo tai Ueu cua Khu bien soan Thdi gian
bdi dudng dUdc r u t ngin, ehi tfl 1 den 2
thang, dia diem hpc thfldng la khu vflc
dflng ehan ciia Tinh uy va eae ban nganh,
c6 lflc lUdng vu trang bao ve Cac Idp hpc
dfldc "quan sfl hoa", nghi trang, cd h i m hao
bao vp ChUdng trinh hpc gdm mpt so ndi
dung chinh nhU: n i n giao due each mang,
am mflu eua dieh trong giao due, so tay
ngfldi can bd giao due Ddi vdi dd'i tupng la
giao vien tieu hpc, giao vien vd long, ngoai
cac ndi dung trdn cdn cd them eae bai ve
nghiep vu sU pham Bai trpng tam la "Cach
dieu khiln mdt Idp hpc" (hfldng d i n each td
chfle Idp, each xflng hd, lam sd dilm, tap
doc, tap vilt, ky luat, trat tfl Idp hpc, vd
sinh, van nghd, sinh hoat tap the, cho'ng
ean )
Sau Hidp dinh Paris, Thii Dau Mot la
dia ban cdn t r a n h cha'p quye't liet gifla ta va
dich, song da hinh thanh mdt sd ldm can cfl
b Long Nguydn, cac xa Tay Nam Ben Cat
(An Diln, An Tay, Phu An) Tan dung dieu
kidn nay, Tieu ban Giao due tid'p tuc khdi
phuc phong trao bo tue vkn hda va binh
din hpe vy Mdt so' can bd eiia Tieu ban
Giao due dflpe cii ldn can efl Trung fldng cue
(R) dfl I6p dao tao giao vien ca'p 2 d l chuan
hi md Idp khi ed dilu kidn
Thang 4-1973, Tilu ban Giao due da d l
xua't va dfldc Tinh iiy cha'p thuan eho md
trfldng ndi tru danh eho eon em can bd va
ddng bao cae ldm giai phdng thay t h i cho
trfldng v a n Chinh da hi giai the Thang
5-1973 mdt ngoi trudng lam bang tranh tre
dfldc dflng len b mat khu liong Nguydn
Ngay trong thang 5-1975, Idp hpe d i u tien dfldc khai giang vdi 20 hpe sinh Thay Bui Quang Dung lam Hidu trudng Nha trudng ehi CO 3 giao vien nen Tinh uy eho phep sfl dung mdt sd' hpe sinh ldn tap huan sU pham rdi hudng dan cho cae em nho hpe tap Nha trfldng cdn thanh lap ehi doan Thanh nien Lao ddng Cac dang vien cua trfldng sinh hdat chung vdi chi bd Tilu ban Giao due tinh
Ciing vdi viec md trudng npi tru Tieu ban Giao due ect eae doan can bd giao due xud'ng cd sd bdi dUdng trflc tie'p eho giao vien theo kieu "luan hua'n", xong xa nay lai ehuyen sang xa khae Vdi each td chfle linh boat, ed ddng dd, cdng tae giao due v i n dflpe duy tri d nhieu dia phfldng cd sd dpi ngu giao vien dfldc bd sung va bdi dfldng thfldng xuyen Hpc xong eac Idp bdi dfldng, giao vien dflpe phan cdng v l eae xa bam dan, md Idp; nd'u khdng md dfldc Idp thi eung phai bam ed sd thflc hidn tuyen truyen van dpng
q u i n chflng dau tranh ehd'ng dich pha hoai Hiep dinh Paris, chd'ng b i n phao hfla bai, ehd'ng b i t linh
Ngay 6-1-1975 ehiln dich Dfldng 14 Phfldc Long gianh thing ldi; tiep do la chien t h i n g cua eac chie'n dich Tay Nguyen, H u l Da Ning Bd Chinh tri
k h i n g dinh: 'Thdi cd chien Ifldc da din, ta
CO dieu kien hoan thanh sdm quyet tam giai phdng mien Nam"; tren ed sd do chi thi:
"Phai tap trung nhanh nha't lflc lfldng, binh khi, ky thuat va vat cha't giai phdng mien Nam trfldc mua mfla (trfldc thang 5-1975)" Trdng ke hoach tien cdng Sai Gdn, danh tran quyet chien ehiln Ifldc, Dang bd va nhan dan Thii Dau Mdt cd ba nhiem vu chinh: phuc vu chie'n dau eho cac ddn vi chii