Xd uy Tien phong nhan thay "thdi cd khdi nghia sap deh'' va can phai tap hdp mot dao quan chinh t r i "phat ddng phong trao da'u tranh ndi day d Sai Gdn va khap mien Nam, cho kip vdi Cac
Trang 1V A I N E T V E C O N G T A C X A Y D U f t G C H I N H Q J J T E N
C A C H M A N G 6 I S L A M B O T R O N G K H A N G C H H %
C H O N G P H A P ( 1 9 4 5 - 1 9 5 * )
NGUYEN NGOC DUNG*
1 Sii thiet lap chinh quyen each
mang d Nam Bo
Khi The chien I I di vao hoi ket thiic, d
Dong Diidng, Nhat da hat cang Phap de
doc chiem xd nay nham chuan bi cho giai
doan hau chien Trong giai doan nay, ca
hai ke thu Nhat Phap deu da suy yeu
tiidng doi Dang ta lien nam thdi cd phat
dong khdi nghia tdng phan Chi thi
"Nhat-Phap ban nhau va hanh dong cua chung
ta" ngay 12-3-1945 cua Thiidng vu Trung
lidng Dang da khdi dau nhiing cuoc ndi day
khdi nghia cua nhieu dia phiidng d Bac Bo
Ket qua la mot so' dia phiidng da thiet lap
diidc chinh quyen dan chu nhan dan; t i i do
hinh thanh khu giai phong d Viet Bac 0
do, Mat tran Viet Minh da dam diidng
nhiem vu cua mot chinh quyen each mang
Khi cudc tdng khdi nghia nd ra, cac dja
phiidng cdn lai d Bac Bo va Trung Bo da
thda hiidng "tinh than va liic liidng"' td cac
cuoc khdi nghia tdng phan d giai doan
triidc, dac biet co sii chi dao triic tiep cua
trung lidng Dang
Trong khi do, tinh hinh each mang d
Nam Bo cdn gap rat nhieu kho khan Sau
cudc khdi nghia Nam Ky (thang 11-1940),
liic hieing each mang tai cho bi ton that rat ldn, them vao dd la sii chia tach liic liidng thanh 2 td chdc Tien phong va Giai phdng Trong Dang bo Nam Bd cd bd phan thuoc
Xd uy Tien phong, cd bd phan thudc Xd uy Giai phdng, cd bo phan doc lap khdng thuoc
he thd'ng nao (1) So'can bd chu chdt cua Xd
uy Giai phdng phan ldn xuat than td tang Idp ndng dan, cd nhieu kinh nghiem hoat ddng d vung ndng thdn, sd' lanh dao chu chdt cua td chdc Tien phong phan ddng xua't than td tang Idp t r i thdc, tieu t i i san
cd kinh nghiem da'u tranh cdng khai, ban cdng khai d dd thi Tat ca ho deu la nhdng ngiidi cdng san trung kien cua phong trao each mang d Nam Bd
Tuy nhien sau sii kien Nhat dao chinh Phap mdng 9 thang 3, ca hai Xd uy Tien phong va Giai phdng deu khan triidng chuan bi liic liidng gianh chinh quyen Xd
uy Tien phong nhan thay "thdi cd khdi nghia sap deh'' va can phai tap hdp mot dao quan chinh t r i "phat ddng phong trao da'u tranh ndi day d Sai Gdn va khap mien Nam, cho kip vdi Cach mang d Bac, Trung chd nha't quye't khdng diidc tre" (2) Dao quan chinh tri d day - theo muc tieu cua Xd
* TS Dai hoc Quo'c gia Tp Ho Chi Minh
Trang 218 Rghien cuu Lich sir, so' 3.2Q11
uy Tien phong la liic liidng quin chiing
dong den hang chuc van hoae hang trieu
ngudi, bao gom giai cap cong nhan, nong
dan, thd thu cong, vien chdc co tinh than
chien dau cao Sai Gon diidc coi la trung
tam cuoc khoi nghia gianh chinh quyen, td
do phong trao each mang lan toa khap cac
tinh thanh Nam Bo
To chdc Thanh nien Tien phong la l\ic
liidng chinh t r i dong dao sdm diidc hinh
thanh Khi quyen Tong triidng Thanh nien
- The thao Dong Diidng cua Nhat - Ida mdi
bac sy Pham Ngoc Thach va mot nhom t r i
thdc ddng ra thanh lap mot to chdc thanh
nien d Sai Gon va Nam Bo ldi dung y do
mudn xay diing mot liic hieing hung h i u tay
sai than Nhat cua Ida Xd uy Tien phong
da ban bac vdi nhom t r i thdc tren nhanh
chdng cong khai tap hdp liic liidng thanh
nien, bien thanh dao quan chinh tri diidi sii
lanh dao cua Dang Cong san Nhd the, to
chdc Thanh nien Tien phong mdi ra ddi vao
ngay 1-6-1945, dudi sii lanh dao cua mot
Hoi ddng Quan t r i ddng dau la Kha Van
Can - Chu tich, Huynh Kim Hdu - Phd Chu
tich, Pham Ngoc Thach - Thii ky va mot so'
uy vien khac (3) He thong td chdc cua
Thanh nien Tien phong td cap Nam Bo
(trung lidng) tdi cac tinh thanh, quan
huyen, xa, cd quan, xi nghiep, triidng hoc,
ve cd ban, deu diidc de cd sap xep theo chi
dao cua cac cap uy Dang; ngoai trd mot sd'
triidng hdp ke cd hoi chinh tri hoae noi gian
cua Nhat cai dat vao lam thu linh cap tinh
hay quan
Ldc bay gid, phong trao cong nhan, t r i
thdc d Sai Gdn phat trien kha manh Cudi
thang 3-1945, Tong cdng doan Nam Bd td
chdc hdi nghi dai bieu do Ha Huy Giap chu
tri bau ra Ban chap hanh mdi; ddng thdi
xay ddng chiidng trinh hanh ddng ddn thdi
cd khdi nghia Thang 6-1945, sau ngay
Thanh nien Tien Phong ra ddi, Xd uy Tien Phong va Thanh uy Sai Gdn quyet dinh sap nhap cac td chdc tren diidi ten goi "Thanh nien Tien Phong Ban Xi nghiep, (TNTP-BXN)" va thanh lap cac nghiep doan cd sd nhu" Nghiep doan thd da, Nghiep doan cdng nhan cd khi, Nghiep doan hang hai Trong vdng ba thang sau dd, nhieu tru sd cua TNTP-BXN da xuat hien cdng khai nhieu ndi tai Sai Gdn - Chd Ldn
Trong liic liidng chinh t r i cua Dang d Nam Bd, ben canh thanh phan thanh nien, cdng nhan, t r i thdc cdn phai ke den ddi ngu ddng dao giai cap ndng dan tham gia cac td chdc Viet Minh d dia phiidng Hau het cac
cd sd Dang d ndng thdn da diidc phuc hdi va phat trien manh trd lai ke td Khdi nghia Nam Ky Cdng tac binh v i n diidc ca Xd uy Tien phong va Giai phdng khan triidng xuc tien Dd'i tiidng binh van la cac sac linh bao
an, canh sat ngiidi Viet trong quin ddi Phip va Nhat Theo sd gia Tran Van Giau
"Chua bao gid d Sdi Gon, d Nam Bd cd mdt lUc Itfqng cdng nhdn, ndng ddn va lUc luqng thanh nien cdch mang ldn manh nhu vdy Dang Cong sdn thUc sU trd thdnh lUc luqng
cd to chdc manh hon cdc dang phdi khdc cdng lqi" (4)
Trong q u i trinh chuin bi liic liidng giai doan tien khdi nghia, hai Xd uy Tien phong
va Giai phdng d cac ci'p td dau nao den cd
sd deu cd sii doan ket, hdp tie Tuy nhien, tinh hinh tdn tai song song hai he thd'ng da giy ra nhdng khd khan nhi't dinh cho cich mang Nam Bd Xd uy Tien phong va Xd uy Giai phdng da mi'y lan gap gd de' ban viec thd'ng nhi't td chdc va hoat ddng nhiing khdng dat ke't qua Thing 7-1945, Ban thiidng vu Trung lidng Dang cd Bui Lam vao truyen dat y kien cua Trung lidng nham thd'ng nhi't Dang bd Nam Ky Do khdng lap diidc mot Xd uy thd'ng nhi't, Bui
Trang 3Vai net ve cong tac xay dung 19 Lam de nghi lap ra "Ban hanh dong thong
nhat" do ong lam triidng ban, mdi Xd uy cd
hai dai dien tham gia nham phdi hdp hanh
ddng chuan bi tien hanh khdi nghia khi
thdi cd den (5)
Sau khi Nhat dau hang Ddng Minh
(13-8-1945), mac du khong nhan diidc chi thi td
Trung lidng, ngay 15-8-1945 Xd uy Tien
phong van chu dong thanh lap "Uy ban
khdi nghia'' Dem 16 - rang sang 17-8-1945,
Xd uy Tien phong bat dau hop "Hoi nghi
md rong'' tai chd Dem de ban ve tdng khdi
nghia Trong hoi nghi co nhdng y kien dan
do ve tinh hinh the gidi, tinh hinh trong
midc, so sanh liic liidng ta - dich, bai hoc ve
khdi nghia Nam Ky; td do Xd uy can nhac
cd dung hinh thdc tong khdi nghia hay
khong, hoae xac dinh thdi diem tdng khdi
nghia toan Nam Bo khi nao Sang ngay
20-8-1945 Xd uy Tien phong mdi nhan diidc
tin khdi nghia thanh cong d Ha Noi Sang
horn sau, Xd uy trieu tap Hoi nghi chd Dem
lan hai, than trong chon Tan An lam ndi
khdi nghia thi diem, de phdng sii can thiep
cua quan Nhat dan ap phong trao each
mang; neu Tan An thanh cong se tien hanh
khdi nghia d Sai Gdn va cac tinh
Theo ke hoach, cuoc khdi nghia d Tan
An nd ra trong dem 22-8 d thi xa, sau do
xuong cac dia phiidng Nhiing tinh the diln
bien cho thay liic liidng than Nhat co the td
chdc ciidp chinh quyen triidc Uy ban khdi
nghia Tan An quye't dinh ra tay td chdc
khdi nghia ngay budi chieu 22-8 Triidc sdc
manh ap dao cua quan chung, quan Nhat
va bon tay sai than Nhat khong dam chong
cii, chinh quyen each mang tinh Tan An
diidc thanh lap
Sau cuoc khdi nghia Tan An thanh cong,
Xd uy Tien phong da trieu tap Hoi nghi chd
Dem lan thd ba vao sang 23-8 quye't dinh
thdi diem khdi nghia d Sai Gdn Trong thdi
gian Thvidng vu Xd uy Tien phong hop tai chd Dem, cac tinh thanh khap Nam bd deu khan triidng thanh lap "Uy ban khdi nghia" cac cap va xuc tien cdng tac tdng khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen
Vao hdi 18 gid ngay 24-8-1945, Uy ban khdi nghia Nam Bd phat lenh khdi nghia theo ke hoach thd'ng nha't triidc dd Den nda dem 24-8, hang tram ngan quan chung
vu trang bang giao mac, gay gdc td ngoai d cac vung Ba Diem, Hoc Mdn, Binh Ddng, Binh Chanh, chd Dem ; td cac tinh lan can
da tien vao trung tam Sai Gdn, giiidng cao
cd do bua liem, hd vang khau hieu ung ho Viet Minh Triia ngay 25-8-1945, Uy ban hanh chanh Nam Bd lam thdi diidc thanh lap gdm 9 uy vien do ddng chi Tran Van Giau lam Chu tich (6)
Ddng thdi, cac dia phiidng khac cung phat ddng quan chung nha't te ndi day gianh chinh quyen ve tay each mang Chi trong may ngay td 25 - 28/8/1945, hai miidi tinh thanh Nam Bd da thiet lap diidc chinh quyen each mang Ha Tien la dia phiidng gianh diidc chinh quyen sau cung (7) Mac
du trong nhdng ngay dd, bon cam dau than Nhat trong giao phai Cao Dai da tap hdp hang van tin do chd'ng lai quin chung each mang; nhdm Qudc Dan dang ngiidi Hoa da chi phdi diidc 5 van phan td qua khich (8)
Dd la chiia ke mot sd' liic liidng chinh t r i cd hdi khac nhii Cao Dai, Hoa Hao, Binh Xuyen da lam phdc tap them qua trinh thiet lap chinh quyen each mang cac cap cd
sd
Nhu1 vay d Nam Bd, mac du cao trao khang Nhat cdu midc dien ra mudn hdn so vdi ca midc (td thang 6-1945) de sau dd biidc ngay vao giai doan tdng khdi nghia gianh chinh quyen; song, nhd cdng tac cung cd' va phat trien kip thdi cac cd sd Dang, mat tran Viet Minh, cac doan the each
Trang 420 Rghien cuu Lich sii so' 3.2011 mang, dac biet la cong tac xay ddng liic
liidng Thanh nien Tien phong, cuoc tdng
khdi nghia d Nam Bo da thanh cong tron
ven
2 Cong tac xay diing chinh quyen
each mang a Nam Bo thed ky t i i thang
9/1945 -1947
Ngay 2-9-1945, Hd Chu tich da doc ban
'Tuyen ngdn doc lap", khai sinh ra midc
Viet Nam Dan chu Cong hoa, nha midc
cong nong dau tien d Dong Nam A (3
mien Bac va mien Trung, chinh quyen dan
chu nhan dan da diidc thiet lap kha nhanh
chong Nhiing d Nam Bo, dieu kien xay
diing chinh quyen each mang luc bay gid
rat kho khan, phdc tap Bdi vi Nam Bo la
muc tieu tai chiem dau tien cua thiic dan
Phap, tao ban dap sau do tai chiem toan bo
Dong Dvidng Leclerc t i i lenh liic hieing
vien chinh Phap d Dong Dvidng da len ke
hoach binh dinh Nam Bo trong vdng 18
thang Vi the, chinh quyen each mang d
day chiia tron mot thang tudi da phai ddi
mat vdi mot ke thu hung bao va nham
hiem Ngay 23-9-1945, toan Nam Bo ddng
len khang chien chdng lai cuoc xam liidc
cua dpi quan vien chinh Phap Ttf dng quan
liic liidng qua chenh lech gida mot ben chu
yeu la gay tam vong, giao mac; ben kia la
dpi quan tinh nhue, vu khi hien dai cung
vdi sii giup dd cua 20 ngan quan Anh va sii
hien dien cua 40 ngan quan Nhat De hieu
diidc cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each
mang Nam Bp trong giai doan nay thi phai
bat dau td cong tac xay diing Dang
- Cong tdc xdy citing Bdng Nhii mot quy
luat, cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each
mang bat budc phai xuat phat td cong tac
xay diing Dang Sau khi chinh quyen each
mang d Nam Bp diidc thiet lap, cudi thang
8-1945, Trung lidng Dang phai hai can bp
cao cap la Hoang Qudc Viet va Cao Hdng
Lanh vao giup Xd uy va Uy ban Hanh chanh Lam thdi Nam bp kien toan cong tac
td chdc Tdi ngay 7-9-1945 tai tru sd Tong Cong doan Nam Bp (sd 72, diidng La Grandiere), hai can bp tren da thay mat Trung lidng Dang chu t r i met hdi nghi gdm
cd dai bieu cac doan the cua Xd uy Tien phong va Xd uy Giai phdng tham dd- Sau nam gid thao luan, cac dai bieu quye't dinh dep bd nhdng hieu lam, nghi ky, thd'ng nha't cac doan the cua hai Xd uy trong "Uy ban Viet Minh Nam Bp" Tuy nhien, day chi la biidc dau khac phuc tinh trang phan biet gida hai Xd uy
Khi Nam Bp biidc vao cudc khang chien (23-9-1945), van de cham ddt tinh trang tdn tai hai Xd uy trong phong trao each mang Nam Bp dat ra cap thiet hdn bao gid het Ngay 15-10-1945, cac can bp chu chdt cua hai Xd uy cung mdt so' dang vien mdi
td Cdn Dao trd ve da hop tai cau Vy (My Tho), nha't t r i cd ra "Xd uy Lam thdi" 11 uy vien, gdm: Tdn Ddc Thang (Bi thii Xd uy),
Le Duan, Pham Hung, Ung Van Khiem, Ha Huy Giap, Tran Ngoc Danh, Le Van Sy, Nguyen Van Nguyen, Nguyen Van Kinh, Hoang Dii Khiidng, Nguyln Thi Thap Mtfdi ngay sau, 25-10-1945, Xd uy Lam thdi trieu tap hpi nghi md rdng tai Thien
Hp (My Tho), cd sii tham dii cua Hoang Qudc Viet, uy vien thiidng vu Trung Udng Trong hdi nghi nay, theo de nghi cua ddng chi Tdn Ddc Thang, hdi nghi cd ddng chi Le Duan lam Bi thii Xd uy Lam thdi, cd ddng chi Tdn Ddc Thdng lam Chu tich Uy ban Khang chien Nam Bp thay ddng chi Tran Van Giau ra nhan cdng tac tai Trung lidng
Td sau Hiep dinh sd bp (6-3-1946), cdng tac kien toan td chdc Dang d Sai Gdn, Gia Dinh va cac dia phiidng khac tiep tuc diln
ra Tai Sai Gdn, thang 5-1946, ddng chi Nguyln Van Cdc (Miidi Cdc Nguyln Van
Trang 5Vai net ve cong tac xay dyng 21 Linh) xu uy vien, da chu t r i hoi nghi dai
dien hai td chdc la Thanh bo Viet Minh Sai
Gdn va Uy ban Viet Minh Chef Ldn de lap
ra 'Thanh uy Lam thdi" do Trinh Dinh
Trong lam Bi thii; den cudi nam 1946,
Thanh uy Lam thdi diidc bd sung mot so'
thanh vien mdi (9)
Tai tinh Gia Dinh, hai tinh uy Tien
phong va Giai phong da to chdc hoi nghi
hiep nha't vao thang 10-1946 tai Tan Thdi
hiep (Go Vap), diidi sii chu t r i cua Le Minh
Dinh dai dien khu uy khu Bay; bau ra
'Tinh uy Thd'ng nha't Lam thdi" gdm 11
thanh vien ddng dau la Tran Van Thdi (Bi
thii), sau thay bang Pham Van Chieu Cdn
d cac tinh khac cua Nam Bo, hoi nghi cap
uy md rong, hoae hoi nghi dang vien co
hoae khong co dai chen Xd uy, Lien tinh uy
chu tri lan liidt cd ra Tinh uy; Tinh uy cd
ra Uy ban nhan dan tinh va Uy ban Viet
minh tinh Td do cac tinh gap rut to chdc
xay diing he thong dang chinh quyen
mat tran - doan the xudng cd sd
Sau hoi nghi cua cac tinh uy, lien tinh
uy, khu uy, vao thang 11-1946, Hoi nghi Xd
uy md rong da diidc trieu tap tai chien khu
Ddng Thap Mudi Hoi nghi thao luan va ra
nghi quye't cung cd", bd sung Xd uy Lam
thdi mdi Nam Bo, gdm cac ddng chi Pham
Hung (Bi thii), Ha Huy Giap, Ung Van
Khiem, Nguyen Van Cue, Tran Van Tra,
Nguyln Ddc Thuan, Phan Trong Tue,
Nguyen Van Kinh (thiidng triic Xd uy),
Hoang Du Khiidng, Nguyen Van Tiep Hoi
nghi cung ra nghi quyet cung c6 cac Lien
tinh uy mien Dong, mien Trung va mien
Tay Nam Bo Nguyln Ddc Thuan diidc chi
dinh lam Bi thii Lien tinh uy mien Dong;
Nguyln Van Cdc diidc phan cong phu trach
Sai Gdn - Gia Dinh
Hoi nghi Xd uy thang 11-1946 co tam
quan trong dac biet, vi da tang ciidng tinh
thong nhat trong Dang td cap Nam Bo (Xd) den cac cap cd sd ben diidi; do la ket qua cua mot qua trinh da'u tranh kha cam go phdc tap trong noi bo Dang de dat toi sii thd'ng nha't trong chi dao each mang d Nam Bo
Cong tdc xdy dtfng chinh quyen Sii
kien toan cac cap uy Dang luon gan lien vdi viec sap xep nhan sii trong cac cap chinh quyen each mang Nam Bp Do nhdng dieu kien lich sd dac biet, he thong chinh quyen each mang Nam Bp da ra ddi tren cd sd lien minh giai cap va cac liic liidng chinh tri khac nhau; nha't la cap chinh quyen td tinh thanh trd xudng den cd sd
Ngay 10-9-1945, Uy ban Hanh chanh Lam thdi Nam Bo da diidc c i i td thanh "Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bo" gdm 13 thanh vien
do Luat su1 Tien si Pham Van Bach lam Chu tich, Bi thu1 Xd uy Tran Van Giau lam Pho Chu tich kiem Uy triidng quan sii Ben canh Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bo cdn co ban co' van gom 50 nhan si t r i thdc do bac si Nguyen Van Hiidng lam triidng ban (10) Ngay 25-11-1945 Trung lidng Ding ra chi thi "Khang chien, kien qudc", neu ro nhiem vu cua Nam Bo la phong toa kinh te, chinh t r i nhdng thanh ph6' da lot vao tay dich, ket hdp tien cong quan sii vdi chien tranh du kich mot each triet de Thiic hien chu triidng tren, Nam Bp diidc chia thanh 3 khu: khu Bay, khu Tam va khu Chin
Chien khu Bay gdm Sai Gdn Chd ldn
va cac tinh mien Ddng Nam Bp, co can cd dia Lac An (Tan Uyen, Bien Hoa), do Nguyen Binh lam khu Bp triidng, Diidng Van Diidng lam khu bp pho
- Chien khu Tdm gdm 5 tinh mien Trung
Nam Bp (Tan An, My Tho, Go Cong, Ben Tre, Sa dec) co can cd Ddng Thap Miidi,
do Dao Van Triidng lam khu Bp triidng, Triidng Van Giau lam khu bp phd
Trang 622 Rghien ciru Lich sir so' 3.2011 Chien khu Chin gdm 9 tinh mien Tay
Nam Bo (Vinh Long, Tra Vinh, Chau Doc,
Long Xuyen, Can Thd, Sdc Trang, Bac
Lieu, Rach Gia, Ha Tien) co chien khu U
Minh, do Vu Ddc lam khu Bo triidng,
Nguyln Ngoc Bich lam khu bo pho
Day la hinh thdc chinh quyen qudn sit
hda, thiidng diidc goi la cac cap quan dan
-chinh Viec ap dung mo hinh chinh quyen
nhu" the, la phu hdp vdi yeu cau to chdc
cuoc khang chien chong Phap bay gid Cho
nen sau nay, Uy ban Nhan dan Nam Bo
diidc ddi thanh Uy ban Khang chien Nam
Bo (cdn goi la Uy ban Khang chien Hanh
chinh Nam Bd) theo Sac lenh sd' 91/SL do
Hd Chu tich ky ngay 1-10-1947
Trong Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh
Nam Bd bay gid, cd nhieu thanh vien thudc
dang phai khac nhau nhii Nguyen Binh
(Qudc dan dang), Kha Van Can (tii san),
Huynh Phu So (Hoa Hao), Tran Bdu Kiem
(Dang Dan chu) Ngoai bd may hanh chinh
dau nao tren, cac cd quan cap Nam Bd cung
diidc thiet lap nhii cac Sd Tii phap, Sd Kinh
te', Sd Thdng tin, Sd Canh ndng, Sd Thiidng
binh xa hdi, Dai phat thanh tieng ndi Nam
bd khang chien Nhieu can bd ban nganh
cac cap cua chinh quyen each mang tdng
lam cdng chdc cho Phap
La mdt chinh quyen dan chu nhan dan,
Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bd
da ddng ra td chdc bau hoi ddng nhan dan
cac cap; hdi ddng nhan dan cd ra uy ban
hanh chinh khang chien cap tiidng diidng
Tuy nhien giai doan nay, cdng tac xay diing
chinh quyen each mang gap kha nhieu khd
khan, do ke' hoach tai chiem Nam Bd cua
thiic dan Phap da bien Nam Bd nhdng nam
td 1945-1947 thanh chie'n trUdng chinh,
tap trung phan ldn binh liic dich
Triidc nhdng hoat ddng rudng bd ac liet cua ke thu, mdt bd p M n kha ldn ltfc ltfdng khang chie'n Nam Bd thdi ky nay bi tan ra Nhu" ban bao cao "Tinh hinh quan khu 7 td
25-8-1945 den 6-1949" cho thay: "mot dieu dac biet Id sau khi ciidp chinh quyen, cd cho chinh quyen khdng trao han cho mdt dodn the nhdn ddn hay doan the cdch mang chdn chinh; cd khi vi tinh trang ddc biet cua tinh dy de cho mdt quan lqi cu givt chdc quyen chii tich, cd khi lqi Id mdt tin do Cao Bdi Vi the d tinh Bd Ria cd triidng hqp Le Van Hue, cdng chdc Phdp cu da len vdo hdng ngu cdch mang va leo len chdc Chii tich Uy ban Hanh chinh tinh, tiep tuc ngdm ngdm lam tay sai cho giac'' (11) Sii
phan hoa, thdm chi tan ra cua chinh quyeh each mang d mdt sd' dia phiidng Nam Bd thdi ky 1945-1947 dat ra nhiem vu trong tam cho Xd uy la phai cung cd'vai trd cdng -ndng va stf lanh dao cua Dang d cac cap Cho nen, nhiem vu xay diing chinh quyeh each mang d Nam Bd giai doan nay, triidc het la dam bao xay dtfng mot chinh quyen each mang tieu bieu cho mat tran Dan tdc thd'ng nhat, trong do, lien minh cdng-ndng
la ndng cd't diidi sii lanh dao cua Dang
3 Cong tac xay diing chinh quyen
each mang d Nam Bo thdi k y 1947
1950 Sau nam 1947, mac du chie'n triidng chinh cua djch chuyen ra Bdc Bd nhiing dich van chu triidng bien Nam Bd thanh hau phiidng chie'n liidc cua chung nham cung cap nhan liic, vat liic, tai liic cho chie'n triidng Bac Bd Hdn nda d Nam Bd, do nhdng dieu kien lich sd ma hinh thanh nhieu tdn giao, dang phai nhdng liic liidng bi thiic dan Phap triet de ldi dung de chd'ng pha each mang Ben canh dd, chinh sach "chia de' tri" diidc thiic dan Phap thiic
Trang 7Vai net ve cong tae xay dung 23 thi triet de trong sudt giai doan khang
chien
Deh nam 1949, sau su1 sup do cua mot
loat cac chinh phu bu nhin Nguyln Van
Thinh, Le Van Hoach, Nguyln Van Xuan,
thiic dan Phap da nan ra cai goi la "Mdt
tran qudc gia" gom cac phan td ton giao
phan dong, t r i thdc t i i san ban nude, bon
dau cd chinh tri nham tach Nam Bo ra khoi
Viet Nam (12) Ngoai ra, thiic dan Phap
con tiep tuc vu trang cho ngiidi Khmer d
Sdc Trang, Bac Lieu de chong pha chinh
quyen each mang, gay ra nhieu cuoc tan
sat ngiidi Viet d cac dia phiidng tren, nham
khdi sau them mau thuan sac toe
De chong lai nhdng thu doan chinh t r i
nham hiem cua dich, Xd uy da tich ciic
cung co' Mat tran doan ket dan toe va cac
doan the cdu quo'c Dau nam 1947, Mat
tran Viet Minh Nam Bo ra ddi do Ha Huy
Giap, dang vien cong san lam Chu nhiem,
Viidng Van L l (Dang Dan chu) lam Pho
Chu nhiem, Tran Bach Dang lam Tong thu"
ky Thang 12-1947, Dai hoi dai bieu Xd
Dang bo Nam Bo lan thd nha't td chdc tai
hanh dinh cua Bo chi-huy quan sii khu Tam
d Nhdn Linh, Mdc Hoa (Long An ngay nay)
da ra nghi quye't lanh dao cuoc khang chie'n
chdng Phap d Nam Bo, trong do co noi dung
xay diing chinh quyen khang chie'n theo
phiidng cham 'hen diidi that kien dinh,
manh, ben tren that tieu bieu" (13)
Trong nhdng thd thach ac liet va phi
thvidng nhii vay, cong tac xay diing chinh
quyen each mang d Nam Bo v i n diidc xdc
tien, phu hdp vdi tdng biidc di len cua cudc
khang chie'n tren pham vi toan qudc Td
nam 1947 trd di, he thd'ng chinh quyeh
each mang d Nam Bd da cd biidc triidng
thanh quan trong Cac phan td pha hoai da
dan dan bi loai ra khdi he thd'ng chuyen
chinh Chinh quyen each mang da thiic sii
trd thanh mdt chinh quyeh khang chie'n, mdt cdng cu sac bdn cua nhan dan dd'u tranh chd'ng lai cuoc binh dinh Nam Ky cua thiic dan Phap
Vung til do la thanh tiiu ndi bat cua cudc da'u tranh va xay ddng chinh quyeh each mang d Nam Bo, bao gdm Ddng Thap Miidi, khu Chin, Tay Ninh, Thu Bien, ndi nhan dan ta xay diing che' do mdi tren tat
ca cac linh viic chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa
-xa hdi Dac biet la Ddng Thap Miidi, U Minh da trd thanh vung tii do cua ta trong sud't nhdng nam khang chie'n Dd la "Viet Bdc cua Nam Bd", ndi dat cac cd quan chi huy td cap mien, khu, tinh, Dai phat thanh Nam Bd, cdng xiidng, benh vien
Ngoai vdng tii do, he thd'ng chinh quyeh cua ta cam chan d khap cac vung bi tam chiem, khu du kich, tdng biidc lan at chinh quyen xa te cua dich Dau nam 1949, toan Nam Bd cd 1042 xa thi chinh quyen nhan dan da lam chu 649 xa (14) Tuy tinh hinh
cu the ma mot sd' dia phiidng cd ltfc liidng each mang ldn manh da thanh lap "Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh xa" hoae "Uy ban Quan dan chinh" Rd rang, he thd'ng chinh quyen nhan dan d Nam Bd da diidc
td chdc theo nhieu hinh thdc, phu hdp vdi dieu kien chie'n tranh du kich va xay diing can cd dia khang chien Diidi day la ban tdng ket tinh hinh da'u tranh xay diing chinh quyen cap xa d 17 tinh Nam Bd trong nam 1949 (sd' lieu da qua xd ly) (xem bang 1)
Nhdng dieu kien dac thd cua each mang Nam Bd da anh hiidng tdi cd ca'u, thanh phan trong bd may chinh quyen d day Theo nhan xet cua Uy ban Khang chien
Nam Bd, "khdi qudt thi thdnh phdn (cua chinh quyen cac cap - TG) bao gdm cdc tdng Idp nhdn ddn, ddng phdi, bieu Id tinh chdt qudc ddn lien hiep" (15) Chinh quyen td
Trang 824 Rghien cuu Lich sir, so' 3.2011 Bang 1: Tinh hinh dau tranh xay diing chinh quyen cap xa or 17 tinh Nam Bo nam 1949 STT Ten tinh Tong S6 xa ta S6' xa ta So xa ta va So xa ta lap
soi xa kiem soat
hoan toan kiem soat ban phan dich tranh chap diidc Uy ban KHHC
Ngudn: 'Tinh hinh Nam Bd 1949" Bao cao cua ddng chf Nguyen Van Bach, Chii tich Uy ban Khang chie'n Nam
Bd Hd sa sd 40, Phong Khoa hoc - Cdng nghe Quan khu 7
cap mien (cap Nam Bo) tinh, huyen, chiia
chicle kien toan, cd cau thanh phan con
chiia hdp ly Rieng Uy ban Khang chien
Hanh chinh Nam Bo, mac du da diidc cai td
nhiing den nam 1949 van co cd cau gdm 7
uy vien va 5 co' van, thanh phan toan t r i
thdc va tii san (16)
O cap tinh, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh
chinh do quan dan - chinh bau Trong sd'
70 uy vien cap tinh chi cd 5 cong nhan va 2
nong dan; sd' cdn lai la dien chu, tu1 san
(17)
O cap huyen, theo bao cao cua 10 tinh
Nam bo, trong so' 196 uy vien khang chien
hanh chinh huyen cd 25 cong nhan, 50
nong dan, 6 dia chu va 115 tri thdc (18)
0 cap xa, so' ban co' ndng tham gia chinh
quyen rat it; phan nhieu la trung nong,
phd nong, dia chu Trong so' 165 uy vien
khang chie'n hanh chinh cua Bac lieu chi cd
34 cong nhan, 3 nong dan, cdn lai la 45
dien chu, 86 tieu tu1
san (19) Ro rang trong
bo may chinh quyen cdch mang tii cap Nam
bq den cap xa, cdng-ndng khdng phdi Id thdnh phdn ndng cdi Nhiing tai sao bo
may chinh quyen ndng cdt phi cdng nong van di theo quy dao dan chu phuc vu khang chie'n? 6 day, yeu to' quyet dinh chinh la Dang ta - nhan to' dai dien khdng chi quyen ldi giai cap ma cdn la quyen ldi dan toe Hoan toan cd cd sd de ndi rang: sii nghiep xay diing chinh quyen each mang d Nam
Bo giai doan 1947-1950 cung cap kinh nghiem tuyet vdi ve moi quan he gida Dang
va chinh quyen
4 Cong tac xay diing chinh quyen each mang 6" Nam Bo, giai doan 1950
-1954
Ke td chie'n dich Bien gidi Thu Dong
1950, cuoc khang chie'n cua ta da chuyen sang giai doan phan cdng chie'n liidc dich tren chie'n triidng Bac Bo Nhiing d Nam Bo nhdng nam nay, ldi dung mot sd yeu kem cua liic liidng khang chie'n, thiic dan Phap
Trang 9Vai net ve cong tac xay dung 25 day manh thu doan chia cat, lan chiem, gay
cho Nam Bo nhieu kho khan
Thang 9-1949, doan can bo Dang, chinh
phu, quan doi do dong chi Le Ddc Tho, Uy
vien Thudng vu Trung lidng Dang dan dau
cung Pham Ngoc Thach, Thd truing Phu
chu tich (danh nghia truing phai doan
Chinh phu), Diidng Quoc Chinh (Le Hien
Mai), Thieu tudng, dai dien Bo Quoc phong
va khoang 30 can bo chinh tri, quan s\l cao
cap nda da tdi diidc can cd dia Xd uy d
Ddng Thap Miidi
Sii tang vien can bo td Trung lidng da
gdp phan cung co' va phat trien he thong
Dang va chinh quyen each mang Nam Bo
trong giai doan nay Cong tac Dang, chinh
quyen va quan doi di vao ne nep, quy cu
Xd uy da xay diing triidng Dang mang ten
Triidng Chinh de trang bi ly luan, diidng ldi
chu triidng cua Dang cho ddi ngu can bo cdt
can cua Nam Bo td cap khu uy, tinh uy,
ban nganh cap Nam Bo, can bo chi huy cap
tieu doan trd len
Triidc tinh hinh trong niidc va the gidi
dang co ldi cho ta, va triidc yeu cau nhiem
vu mdi cua cuoc khang chien, Ban chap
hanh Trung lidng Dang da trieu tap "Dai
hoi dai bieu toan quo'c lan I I " tai Chiem
Hoa (Tuyen Quang ) td 11 19/2/1951 Dai
hoi da diia ra chu triidng mdi la to chdc cac
cue Trung lidng de chi dao cac dia phiidng
xa (20) Tiep theo Dai hoi Dang lan I I , la
Dai hoi thd'ng nha't mat tran Viet Minh va
hdi Lien Viet thanh "Mat tran Lien hiep
Quo'c dan Viet Nam" (Mat tran Lien Viet)
nham tap hdp moi dang phai, doan the, ca
nhan tham gia khang chien, kien quo'c
Sau Dai hoi Dang lan I I , Hoi nghi Trung
lidng lan thd nha't (khoa II) thang 3-1951
da quye't dinh thanh lap "Trung lidng cue
mien Nam'' gdm ba uy vien chinh thdc (Le
Ddc Tho, Pham Hung, Ung Van Khiem) va hai uy vien dii khuyet (Nguyen Van Kinh,
Ha Huy Giap) De thdng nhat sii chi dao va tinh gian bien che, van phdng Trung lidng cue va van phdng Uy ban Khang chie'n hdp nha't thanh van phdng Trung lidng cue - Uy ban Nam Bd Cac ban Tuyen huan, Td chdc (Trung lidng cue), ban Kinh te', Tai chinh, cac sd Thdng tin, Giao due, Y te', Cdng an (Uy ban Khang chien Hanh chinh Nam Bd) cung diidc sap xep lai
Thang 6-1951, theo chu triidng cua Trung lidng cue, Uy ban Khang chie'n Hanh chinh Nam Bd ra nghi dinh sd' 252/ND-51
td chdc Nam Bd thanh hai phan lien khu mien Ddng va mien Tay - lay sdng Tien lam gianh gidi dieu chinh lai dia gidi hanh chinh mdt so' tinh nham tao cho mdi tinh cd vung can cd dia va hanh lang lien hoan de
cd ddng liic liidng (21) Phan lien khu mien Ddng gdm 5 tinh (tdc 11 tinh cu)
- Gia Dinh Ninh (Gia Dinh, Tay Ninh)
- Thu Bien (Thu Dau Mdt, Bien Hda)
Ba Ria - Chd Ldn (Ba Ria, Chd Ldn)
My Tho (My Tho, Tan An, Go Cdng) Long Chau Sa (Long Chau Tien, Sa Dec)
Cdn Phan lien khu mien Tay gdm 6 tinh (tdc 9 tinh cu)
- Ben Tre Vinh Tra (Vinh Long, Tra Vinh)
- Can Thd (Can Thd, mot phan Rach Gia)
- Sdc Trang Bac Lieu Long Chau Ha (Long Chau Hau, Ha Tien)
Sii phan dinh cac tinh mdi thiic chat vdn
mang nang muc tieu quan s\i Cac he thd'ng
td chdc Dang, chinh quyen, mot lan nda
Trang 1026 Rghien cum Lich sit, so' 3.2011
phai sap xep lai theo mo hinh quan dan
chinh C- cap Nam Bg, Bo tu1 lenh Nam Bo
bi giai the, chi duy t r i "Ban nghien cdu
tdng ket" de giup Trung tfdng cue thong
nhat chi dao cac van de quan stf tren toan
chien trtf dng; ddi vdi cap phan lien khu, thi
bd' t r i cac chdc danh lanh dao chu chdt
Phan lien khu mien Dong do dong chi Le
Duan, sau ddng chi Pham Hung phu trach,
Phan lien khu mien Tay do ddng chi Le
Ddc Tho phu trach, Dac khu Sai Gdn Chd
Ldn do ddng chi Nguyen Van Cdc (Mtfdi
Cue) phu trach (22)
5 Nhufng nhiem v u chu yeu cua
chinh quyen each mang of Nam Bo
trong khang chie'n chong Phap
1945-1954
Ve xdy dung Itfc Itfqng chinh tri Trong
khi binh dinh Nam Bd, thtfc dan Phap da
thi hanh chinh sach "chia de t r i " Chung
lap ra nhieu dang phai phan dong (Thanh
nien Bao qudc doan, Lien hiep Thanh nien
nghia dung, Dai viet Quo'c dan dang, Mat
tran binh dan Nam phdn ) dd danh Ida
quan chung va tao them cd sd xa hdi, ldi
keo can bd khang chie'n ra dau thd va lam
viec cho Phap Thtfc dan Phap cdn mua
chudc, ldi keo nhdng nhdm phan ddng
trong Cao Dai, Hda Hao, Binh Xuyen, Hoa
kieu Quo'c dan dang Nhdng nhdm nay
diidc thtfc dan Phap vu trang, hoae cat da't
lap "vung ttf tri" chd'ng lai cdng cudc khang
chie'n cua ta
Xay diing ltfc liidng chinh tri, thtfc hien
doan ket dan tdc ldc nay la rat cap thiet dd'i
vdi each mang Nam Bd Dang ta nhan thdc
ro dieu ay nen trong 'Thii gdi cac ddng chi
Nam Bd" thang 12-1946, Trung tfdng Dang
chi rd Viec keu goi cdc nhd dqi tri thdc,
dien chu phdi Idm rdo riii, nhiing quan
trong nhdt Id ve ton gido Vdi Cong gido,
Cao Bai, Hoa Hao cd'tim het cdch de dodn ket Cd that chat hang ngu vdi Ddng Ddn chii va cdc ddng phdi " (23) Theo tinh
than dd, gida nam 1947, tai Ddng Thap Mtfdi, dai bieu cua 17 doan the, chinh dang, tdn giao, nhan si yeu ntfdc da tien hanh hdi nghi thanh lap ra "Hdi Lien Viet Nam Bd", vdi tdn chi la doan ke't tap hdp moi nhdm dang phai yeu ntfdc, khdng phan biet giai cap, sac tdc, tdn giao, xu hiidng chinh tri, da'u tranh vi mot ntfdc Viet Nam ddc lap, thd'ng nha't, dan chu, phd ciidng (24)
Song song vdi viec cung cd mat tran doan ke't dan tdc la viec phat trien va cung cd' cac doan the cdu qudc Chang han, ngay 25-11-1946, Tong cdng doan Nam Bd dtfdc ddi ten thanh "Lien hiep Nghiep doan Nam Bo" cd ltfc liidng d ca vung ttf do va vung tam chiem Dau nam 1948, so' liidng thanh vien cua td chdc nay d vdng ttf do len den
41 ngan ngiidi (25) Hdi ndng dan cdu qudc Nam Bo dtfdc thanh lap d 19 tinh trong tdng sd' 21 tinh thanh cua Nam Bd Doan the phu nd cdu qudc d cac vdng ttf do cung phat trien vdi cac phong trao "Hdi me chie'n sy" "Hdi chi chie'n sy" "Hu gao khang chie'n" Trong cac vung tam chiem, phu nd tham gia da'u tranh chinh t r i ddi dan sinh dan chu, chd'ng bat linh Nam 1950, Doan phu nd cdu quo'c Nam Bd da cdng cac doan the phu nd khac (Phu nd dan chu, Phu nd Cdng giao, Phu nd Cao Dai ) tien hanh dai hdi thanh lap Hdi Lien hiep Phu nd Nam
Bd do Nguyen Thi Thdp lam hdi triidng Hdi Phat giao cdu qudc ra ddi td cudi nam
1946 tai chie'n khu Ddng Thap Mtfdi, do Hda thiidng Thich Minh Nguyet lam chanh hdi triidng Trong vung ttf do, Hdi Phat giao cdu quo'c da van dong ddng bao phat
td tham gia san xua't, tdng quan giet giac; d vung tam chiem, Hdi van ddng tin do ung