Những đặc điểm tâm lý cơ bản cùa cộng đồng người ở tây nguyên, tây nam bộ và ảnh hưởng của chúng đến sự phát triển kinh tế xã hội ở khu vực này

Neu Tay Nguyen la mai nha chung cua ba nuac D6ng Duong vill nhitng con dUOng nam trong h~ th6ng giao th6ng huyet m;lch xu6ng dong bang va hai nuac lang gieng Lao va Cam pu chia, thl Tay

VI~N KHOA HQC XA HOI VI~T NAM

VIEN TAM LV HOC

****************************

Be tai doe la~p Nha nltde

BAO CAO TOM TAT DE TAl

NHO'NGBAc BIEM TAM L Y CO SAN COA CONG BONG

NGUOI a TAY NGUYEN, TAY NAM SO VA ANH HUaNG

a KHU vuc NAY

Cd quan thl!C hi~n: VI~N TAM LY HOCChu nhi~mde tai : PGS TS Vu Dung

Ths La Thu Thuy

Thai gian thl!Chi~n: 2004 - 2005

HA NOI - 2005

I LV DO CHON at TAl

1 Tay Nguyen, Tay Nam BQIa hai vilng Hinh th6 co vt tri quan trQng

cua dat nuac ve'phat triln kinh te:

Tay Nguyen vill nhitng vilng dat do bazan, dat phil sa, dat xam, trong

do chu yeu Ia dat do bazan rat thfch hqp cho vi~c tr6ng cac cay c6ng nghi~p

va cho nang suat cao nhu ca phe, che, cao su Tay Nam BQ co nhieu tiemnang ve san xuAt luang thvc, tr6ng cay an trai, danh b~t thuy san, du Itch Tay Nam BQla khu Vl!cco vt tri hang dAutrong san xUAt luang thvc d~ xuat

khAu va dam bao luang thvc cho dat nuac.

2 Tay Nguyen, Tay Nam BQ kh6ng chi co tAm quan trQng ve phat

tri~n kinh te, ma con la hai khu Vl!cco tAm quan trQng hang dAu ve' an ninh

quoc phong eua dat nude.

Neu Tay Nguyen la mai nha chung cua ba nuac D6ng Duong vill

nhitng con dUOng nam trong h~ th6ng giao th6ng huyet m(;lch xu6ng dong

bang va hai nuac lang gieng Lao va Cam pu chia, thl Tay N am BQ vill 13

tinh, hai huy~n dao va 105 dao, trong do co nhieu dao co dan cu va co 150

Km dUOngbien giai tiep giap vill Cam pu chiao

Trong nhitng nam gAllday, cac the Ivc thu dtch va phan dQng trong va

ngoai nuac thvc hi~n nhieu am muu ch6ng pha sV nghi~p cach m(;lng cua

Dang va nhan dan ta, trong do Tay Nguyen, Tay Nam BQ la hai khu Vl!cdUQ'cke thu d~c bi~t quan tam 0 Tay Nguyen, chung IQ'idlJng mQt s6 mauthuAn, xung dQt giua cac dan tQc ban dta va dAn tQC Kinh ve dAt dai, lqidlJng tv do t6n giao nham kfch dQng h~n thu dAn tQc, chia re va pha hO(;litlnh doan ket dan tQc, t(;lonen xung dQt dan tQc nham gay mat 6n dtnh vechinh tq, xff hQiakhu Vl!cnay ma dien hlnh la hai VlJb(;loIO(;lnxAy ra aTay

phuc t(;lPnhu Tay Nguyen, nhung ke thu dff va dang t(;lonen nhieu nguy cotiem Ancho sV bAt 6n ve chinh tq, xff hQiakhu vvc nay Chung tac dQng vakfch dQng vao d6ng bao Kho me, Cham, d~c bi~t Ia d6ng bao Kho me nhamt(;lonen tu tuang doi tra manh dat Tay Nam bQ ve Cam pu chia hay kh6iphlJc vuang qu6c Cham pa trong qua khu

3 Tay Nguyen, Tay Nam BQ cling la hai khu Vl!c eo ne'n WIn hoa da

dflng, phong phil va dtJ,esile Trong xu the d6i mill, ma clra va hQi nh~p, vi~c

bao ton va phat tri~n van hoa a hai khu Vl!c nay dff va dang d~t ra nhi~uthach thuc, nhi~u van d~ can duqc quan tam.

Vi~c phat tri~n kinh te - xff h¢i va van hoa, cling nhu dam bao an ninh,

nhiing yeu to tam ly dan t¢c Bm Ie, m6i ca nhan va m6i c¢ng dong nguai lam¢t tht;rc th~ tam ly phong phu va phuc t(;lp.Ranh vi con nguai va c¢ngdong bi chi phoi bm cac yeu to ben trong tht;rcth~ d6 - d6 chfnh la cac yeu

to tam lY

Xuat phat tu nhiing ly do tren, ta thay vi~c nghien CUllcua d~ tai lam¢t nhi~m Vl;lcan thiet, c6 y nghia ly lu~n va tht;rctien thiet tht;rc

Ve' thl!c tien, ket qua nghien CUllc6 th~ g6p phan giup Dang va Nha

nu6'c, cling nhu cac dia phucmg cua Tay Nguyen, Tay Nam B¢ hO(;lchdinh,tht;rchi~n cac chu trucmg, chfnh sach m¢t cach phil hqp va c6 hi~u qua phl;!cVl;lcho st;rphat tri~n kinh te xff h¢i ahai khu Vl!cnay

Ve' ly lu<in, ket qua nghien CUllcua d~ tai se g6p phan van vi~c xay

dl!ng nhiing van d~ ly lu~ cO ban cho m¢t phan nganh tam ly hQc con m6'i

me, nhung rat can thiet anu6'c ta - phan nganh Tam ly hQc dan t¢c

II Ml)C TIEU CUA BE TAl:

1 Lam r5 cac d~c di~m tam ly cO ban cua cac dan t¢c trong c¢ng dongnguai aTay Nguyen, Tay Nam B¢ va anh huang cua chung den st;rphat tri~nkinh te - xff h¢i akhu vt;rcnay

2 D~ xuat m¢t so kien nghi nhfim g6p phan hO(;lchdinh va tht;rchi~ncac chu trucmg, chfnh sach cua Dang va Nha nu6'c doi v6'i khu Vl!c TayNguyen va Tay Nam B¢ m¢t cach phil hqp va c6 hi~u qua

ill T6NG QUAN TINH HINH NGHIEN COO TRONG VA NGoAI

NUOC

- Van de' tam ly dan tilc duqc cac nha nghien cUu nUdc ngoai nit quan tam Cac nghien cUu nay kh6ng chi tim hilu tam ly cac dan tilc trong milt cilng d6ng (vung, mien, qU6c gia) ma con nghien cUu so sanh giila cac ne'n win hoa khac nhau (nghien cUu tam ly theo huftng giao thoa win hoa) Cac nghien CUut<iptrung tim hilu ve'tri giac, djnh kien, tinh cam, d6ng nhat dan tilc, ve'thai dil va cac hanh vi phan bi¢t chung tilc

-aVi¢t Nam van de'dan tilc, trudc he't la aTay Nguyen va Tay Nam Bil cang duqc nghien cUu kha nhie'u Cac nha nghien CUutim hilu ve' cac dan

tqc a Tay Nguyen va T ay N am Bq tit nhie'u goc dq khac nhau nhu: kinh te: win hoa, lich sit, ton giao v.v Die'u dang lllU y la chung ta win con rat it cac cong trinh nghien citu ve'Tay Nguyen va Tay Nam Bq tit goc dq cua khoa h9C tam ly (trit mqt Dl! an die'u tra co ban ve'tam ly dan tqc a Tay Nguyen cua Vi¢n Tam ly h9C 2002 - 2003).

Do v~y, vi¢c tien hanh mqt de'tai nghien citu ca'p Nha nUdCve' cac dijc diem tam ly cO ban cua cac dan tqc aT ay Nguyen va Tay N am Bq la rat can thilt No co y nghia ly lu~n va thl!c tien cao Dijc bi¢t, trong bo7 canh hi¢n nay, ki thit dii va dang sit dlfng van de'dan tqc, ton giao nhu mqt nhan t{I chinh gay mat o'n dinh a Tay Nguyen va Tay Nam Bq, kich dqng tu tUOngly khai cua ngum Kho me, ngum Cham aTay Nam Bq va ngum dan ban dia a khu vl!c Tay Nguyen.

IV Gi6i h~n nghien Ct1u cua de tai

1 GIGI HAN Vt NOI DUNG NGHltN CLJu

D~ tai t~p trung nghien CUll2 van d~ chinh sau:

Nguyen va Tay Nam B9 - nhfrng d~c di~m tam 19 tieu bi~u cho cac dan t¢c a

hai khu vl!c nay

- Nghien CUllsl! anh huang (tich cl!c va tieu cl!C)cua cac d~c di~m tam

19nay den sl! phat trien kinh te - xii h¢i aTay Nguyen va Tay Nam B¢

2 GIGI HAN Vt KHAcH TH~ NGHltN CLJu:

Tay Nguyen va Tay Nam b¢la hai khu Vl!cco da dan t¢c sinh s6ng dTay Nguyen hi~n nay co han 20 dan t¢c sinh s6ng, trong do co 12 dan t¢c t(;lich6 (cac dan t¢c ban dia), con l(;lila cac dan t¢c di cu till Tay Nam B¢ cogAll20 dan t¢c cung nhau sinh s6ng Xuat phat tu yeu t6 da dan t¢c cua m6ikhu Vl!c, va vi~c d~ tai phai tien hanh nghien CUlla ca hai khu Vl!c, nenchung Wi chi chqn m6i khu Vl!cm¢t s6 dan t¢c de khao sat

a Tay Nguyen, d~ tai t~p trung nghien CUllchu yeu v~ m¢t s6 d~c

diem tam 19 cua cac dan t¢c t(;lich6 la : Dan t¢c It de, Ja rai, Ba na SadI,d~ tai t~p trung nghien CUllmang tinh chat dinh tinh cua 3 dan t¢c ban dianay VI day la nhfrng dan t¢c ban dia co ty 1~ dan cu dong nhat trong s6 cacdan t¢c ban dia a Tay Nguyen Day cling la 3 dan t¢c co vai tro quan trqnghan d6i vill vi~c phat tri~n kinh te - xii h¢i a Tay Nguyen trong qua khu va

hi~n t~i M~t khac, day cling la cac dan t¢c dong vai tro co 9 nghia doi v6ivi~c dam bao an ninh chinh tq, tr~t tl! xii h¢i 6 Tay Nguyen.

6 Tay Nam Bq, d~ tai t~p trung nghien CUll4 dan t¢c la: Dan t¢c

Kinh, Kho me, Hoa va Cham. Day la 4 dan t¢c co so luqng dong nhat, covai tro quyet dinh doi v6i phat tri~n kinh te - xii h¢i, dam bao an ninh chinhtri 6 khu VlJCTay Nam B¢ Trong so 4 dan t¢c nay, d~ tai co phan chu 9 honden 2 dan t¢c la Kho me va Cham. B6i vi, 6 m¢t khia c~nh nao do, sl! 6ndinh cua khu VlJCTay Nam B¢ hi~n nay co lien quan nhi~u hon t6i 2 dan t¢cnay

3 GIOI HAN Vt £)!A BAN NGHII:N cl1U:

a) Tr;zikhu VlfC Tay Nguyen de tai khao sat t~i 4 tinh: Gia Lai, KonTurn, D~c L~c, Lam D6ng

b) Tr;ziTay Nam Bq, de tai khao sat t~i 6 tinh / thanh pho la : An

Giang, Can Tho', Kien Giang, Ca Mau, SOcTrang, Tra Vinh

v Cai m6i va y nghia cua de tai

1 Day Ia d~ tai dau tien 6 cap Nha nuoc nghien CUllve nhiing van d~

gop phan lam sang to m¢t so d~c di~m tam 19 Co'ban cua cac dan t¢c 6 haikhu VlJCnay, truoc het la cac dan t¢c co vai tro chinh De tai dii chi ra Sl!llnhhu6ng cua cac d~c di~m tam 19dan t¢c nay den sl! phat tri~n kinh te, xii h¢icua cac dan t¢c, cling nhu cua hai khu VlJc

2 D~ tai dii d~ xuat m¢t so kien nghi voi Dang va Nha nuoc trong vi~cho~ch dinh va t6 chuc thl!c hi~n cac chu truong, chinh sach doi v6i khu VlJCTay Nguyen va Tay Nam B¢ Neu vi~c ho~ch dinh va t6 chuc thl!c hi~n cacchu truong, chinh sach doi v6i khu VlJCTay Nguyen va Tay Nam B¢ co thamkhao nhiing ket qua nghien CUllve tam 19 dan t¢c cua hai khu vl!c nay thich~c ch~n se phil hqp v6i long dan hon va hi~u qua cao hon

3 Ket qua nghien CUllcua d~ tai gop phan quan tn;mg vao vi~c xaydlJIlg m¢t phan nganh tam 19 h<;>ccon rat moi me va quan tr<;>ng6 nuoc tahi~n nay la Tam 19 h<;>cdan t¢c Ngoai ra, nhiing ket qua nghien CUllcua d~tai la tai li~u rat b6 ich doi v6i vi~c gillng d~y mon Tam 19h<;>cdan t¢c 6 m¢t

so truang d~i h<;>cva h<;>cvi~n 6 nuoc ta hi~n nay

TO CHUC VA PHUONG PHAP NGHIEN CUU

I TO CHUC NGHIEN COO CUA Dt TAl

D~ tai "Nhfing dij,c diem tam ly cd ban cua cl)ng d6ng nguOi if Tay Nguyen, Tay Nam Bl) va anh huang cua chung den s¥ phat triin kinh te'- xii hl)i if khu v¥c nay" duqc BQ Khoa hQc va Cong ngh~, Vi~n Khoa hQc xa

hQi Vi~t Nam ky hqp d6ng thl;Tchi~n tit thang 1/2004 Thai gian thl;TChi~n la

2 nam D~ tai ket thuc vao thang 12/2005

Qua trlnh thl;TChi~n d~ tai duqc chi a lam 4 giai doc;tncO ban: Chua:n bi,di~u tra chinh thuc, xir ly s6 li~u va hoan thanh

1 GIAI DOAN CHuAN B! (Tit thang 1/2004 - 3/2004)

Trong giai doc;tnnay, d~ tai da hoan thanh mQt s6 cong vi~c Cl;lthe sau:

1.1 Suo tam va nghien cUu tu Ii~u :

De c6 co sa de xac dinh nhitng nQi dung nghien coo, hoan thi~n d~ ong chi tiet, xay d\Tllgcac phieu di~u tra, d~ tai da suu tam va nghien coo 82tai li~u b~mgtieng Vi~t va 26 tai li~u btlng tieng Anh va mQt s6 tai li~u btlngtieng Nga D6 Ia cac tai li~u nghien coo v~ kinh te, van hoa, lich sir, ton giao

cu-va tam ly cua khu Vl!cTay Nguyen cu-va Tay Nam BQ

1.2 T6 chuc nghe mQt so bao cao ve Tay Nguyen va Tay Nam BQ

D~ tai da t6 chuc cho cac can bQ tham gia thl;Tchi~n d~ tai nghe mQts6 bao cao v~ tlnh hlnh kinh te - xa hQi, v~ m6i quan h~ giua cac dan tQCa

cua cac Vi~n trong Vi~n Khoa hQc xa hQi Vi~t Nam trinh bay

Ngoai ra, Dl;Tan con t6 chuc nghe bao cao mQt s6 v~n d~ ly lu~n v~Tam ly hQc dan tQCnhu : tri giac giua cac dan tQC, d6ng nh~t, dinh kien,xung dQt dan tQC,giao tiep giua cac nh6m dan tQc

1.3 T6 chuc cac doan di khao sat thi'r

Dl;t an dii t6 chuc mQt so do~m di khao sat thu a Tay Nguyen va TayNam B¢ M\lC dich cua cac dqt khao sat thu nay Ia tim hitiu tinh hinh dantQC,kinh te - xii hQi, dia ban khao sat t~i cac dnh Tay Nguyen, Tay NamBQph\lc V\lcho vi~c thiet ke phieu di~u tra va chqn mAu nghien cUu

1.4 Thiet ke phieu dieu tra

Qua trinh thiet ke phieu di~u tra duqc thl;tchi~n theo cac buac sau :

dung nghien CUu nay, chung toi xac dinh cac chi so dti do cac nQi dungnghien cUu N6i cach khac, day la qua trinh thao tac hoa cac khai ni~m, xacdinh cac chi so dti thiet ke cac cau hoi va phuong an tra lai

1.4.1.Thitt ktphitu diiu tra viTay Nguyen:

a) Phie'u dieu tra dinh lU{jflg :

D~ tai dii thiet ke 3 phieu di~u tra mang tfnh ch~t dinh luqng dtikhao sat cac dan tQCaTay Nguyen:

- Phieu di~u tra so 1 danh cho cac dan tQc Ban dia

- Phieu di~u tra so 2 danh cho dan tQc Kinh

- Phieu di~u tra so 3 danh cho cac dan tQCThitiu so di cu

NQi dung cua 3 phieu di~u tra nay giong nhau, nhung c6 mQt so cauhoi khac nhau v~ mQt so tu ngu, cach hoi dti phil hqp v6'i cac nh6m dan tQc

NQi dung cua phieu di~u tra dinh luqng g6m 75 cau hoi Cac cau hoid~ c~p den cac v~n d~ sau :

b) Phie'u dieu tra dinh tinh :

Cling vai vi~c di~u tra dinh luqng (di~u tra vai mQt so luqng Ian khachthti nghien cUu), d~ ad dii tien hanh di~u tra dinh tfnh (phong v~n sau) mQt songuai dan, can bQliinh d~o xii, thon cua cac dnh Tay Nguyen duqc khao sat

* Phie'u phong van sau so' 1 nham Hm hitiu tam 19 cua 4 dan tQc ban

tQC:Ede, Ja rai, Ba na, M'nong

NQi dung cua phieu phong v~n sau t~p trung vao cac v~n d~ sau:

- Tu tuang ly khai, tl;ttri cua cac dan tQc ban dia Tay Nguyen, moi

quan h¢ giua 9 thuc dan tQc, 9 thuc cQng d6ng va 9 thuc v~ quoc gia.

- Viln d~ diOOkien va ky thi dan tQc

- Tam 19 tin ngu5'ng, ton giao (d~c bi¢t tam 19 cua cac tin d6 d~o Tinlanh)

- Tam 19 cQng d6ng cua cac dan tQc ban dia

- Tu tUOngtrong cha, y l~i vao Nha nuac cua cac dan tQc ban dia

- Vai tro cua cac thu 1100cua cQng d6ng buon 1ang

- Sl! tac dQng cua cac the ll!c ben ngoai den tam 19 cac dan tQc bandia

* Philu phong van sau so' 2 nham thu th~p mQt so thong tin v~ cac xa

qua phong van cac can bQ 1anh d~o xa, thon

c) Phieu trac nghiem :

Phieu trac nghi¢m dUQ'cthiet ke danh cho hQc sinh cap II va III.Phieu trac nghi¢m co 2 cau hoi ma :

- cau 1: Cac em thich ll!a chQn minh 1a dan tQCnao ?

- cau 2: Tri giac (OO~ xet) cua cac em v~ dan tQCkhac

1.4.2 Thilt klphilu die'u tra ve'Tdy Nam Bi) :

a) Phieu die'u tra dinh Iuang :

Phieu di~u tra dinh 1uqng 4 dan tQCt~i Tay Nam BQ g6m 43 cau hoi.NQi dung cua phieu di~u tra diOO1uqng d~ c~p den cac van d~ sau :

Thu nhilt, cac van de' ve' tam If cac dan trc:

- Nang ll!c t6 chuc san xuilt cua cac dan tQC

- Cac net tiOOcach co ban cua cac dan tQc

- Tri giac giua cac dan tQCv~ OOau

- Giao tiep giua cac dan tQCvO'iOOau

- van d~ d6ng OOatcua cac dan tQC

- Cach thuc t6 chuc cQng d6ng

Thu hai, cac van de' kinh tl xii hri :

- Van d~ dilt canh tac, canh tac, vay von san xuat cua nguai dan

- Ngh~ ph\! cua ngum dan

- Muc song

- Chfnh sach d~t dai, xoa d6i giam ngheo t(;lidia phu<.mg.

Thu ba, mQt so'thong tin ve' ca nhan nguili duQ'chdi

b) P hie'u die'u tra dinh tinh :

CUng v6'i vi~c dieu tra dinh lUQ'Ilg(dieu tra v6'i mQt so lUQ'Ilglernkhach th~ nghien coo), de tai da ti€n hanh dieu tra dinh tinh (phong v~n sau)mQt so ngum dan, can bQ lanh d(;loxa, them cua cac tinh Tay Nam BQ

* Phie'u phdng van sau so'l nham Hm hi~u tam ly cua 4 dan tQc Kinh, Hoa,

Kha me va Cham

NQi dung cua phi€u phong van sau t~p trung van cac v~n de sau :

- Y thuc dan tQc, y thuc cQng d6ng va y thuc ve quoc gia, tu tUO'ngly

khai, tl! tri cua cac dan tQc (d~c bi~t la dan tQc Kha me)

- Kha nang t6 chuc san xu~t va t6 chuc cUQc song gia dlnh cua cac dantoc

- MQt so d~c di~m ve tfnh cach cua cac dan tQc

- Tam ly cQng d6ng

- Ky thi va dinh ki€n dan tQc

- Ton giao va tin ngu5ng cua cac dan tQc

- cac y€u to anh hUO'ngd€n sl! hlnh thanh cac d~c di~m tam ly cua cacdan tQc (y€u to dia ly, tl! nhien, y€u to kinh t€, van hoa, tOn giao, cacchu tru<.mg,chfnh sach, )

- Anh hUO'ngcua cac d~c di~m tam ly d€n sl! phat tri~n kinh t€ - xa hQicua cac dan tQc

- MQt so thong tin ca nhan

* Phie'u phdng van sau so' 2 nham thu th~p mQt so thong tin ve cac xa qua

phong v~n cac can bQ lanh d(;loxa, than

NQi dung cua phi€u phong v~n nay t~p trung van cac v~n de sau:

- Ten xa, thuQc huy~n, tinh

- Di~n tich cua xa, than

- Dan so, dan tQc (dan tQc Kinh, Kha me, Hoa, Cham)

- Kinh t€ cua cac hQ gia dlnh (kha gia, du an, thi€u an)

- V~n de d~t dai adia phuong.

- Chinh sach xAy dlJIlg kinh te mm va anh huang cua no den cac dAntQc

- Chinh sach di~n, dUOng,truOng, tr~m adia phuong

- Quan h~ giua cac dAn tQcadia phuong

- Tu tuang ly khai, tl;ttq cua cac dAntQc ban dia

- T6 chuc cQng d6ng buon lang

- Sl;tthay d6i phong tl;lct~p quan cua cac dAn tQCthi~u s6

e) Phieu (rile nghiem :

Phieu tr~c nghi~m duqc thiet ke danh cho hQCsinh c~p II va III

Phieu tr~c nghi~m co 2 cAuhoi ma :

- CAu 1: Cac em thich ll;tachQn mInh la dAntQc nao ?

- CAu2: Tri giac (nh~ xet) cua cac em ve dAn tQc khac

2 GIAI £>OAN £>ltU TRA CHfNH THl1C COA £>t TAl

(Tu thang 4/2004 - 1/2005 )

2.1 ThOi giao dieu tra

a) T{li Tdy Nam Bf),

Soc Trang, Tra Vinh

- Tu 9/1/2005 den 20/1/2005 dieu tra t~i An Giang, Kien Giang,CaMau

b) T{li Tdy Nguyen,

De tai da tien hanh di~u tra tu ngay 5/12/2004 den ngay 25/12/2004t~i 4 tinh Gia Lai, Kon Turn, D~c L~c, LAm D6ng

2.2 Hioh thuc dh~utra:

a) T{li Tdy Nguyen:

- Di~u tra b~ng bang hoi (di~u tra dinh luqng) 1.013 nguOi.thuQc 11 dAntQc t~i 52 lang, ban, buon cua 13 xa, thuQc 8 huy~n cua 4 tinh TAyNguyen (Gia Lai, Kon Turn, D~c L~c, LAm D6ng)

- Phong van nhom a Tay Nguyen : D~ tai da t6 chuc 8 cUQcphong van

gia phong van nhom la 115 nguai

- Phong van sau (di~u tra dinh tinh) : 75 ngum t(;li2 huy¢n cua 2 noi la diem nong nhat trong V\l b(;lolo(;lnnam 2004 Do la huy¢n Dttc Doacua tinh Gia Lai va huy¢n Cu M' ga cua tinh Dttc Lttc

tinh Di~u tra hQc sinh : d~ tai da di~u tra bang bang hoi 219 hQc sinh cua 2huy¢n ~ttc Doa (Gia Lai) va Cu M'ga (Dttc Lttc) thuQc cac dan tQc Ja rai,

Ba na, E de cua 3 truang ph6 th6ng Nguy~n Van CU, Ng6 Quy~n, Anhhung Nup

T6ng 56 khach th~ dieu tra t9i Tay Nguyen la 1.522 ngltoi

b) Tt;li Tiiy Nam B9 :

- Di~u tra bang bang hoi (di~u tra dinh luQ'I1g)1.008 ngum thuQc 4 dantQc t(;li 11 xa, thuQc 9 huy¢n cua 6 tinh Tay N am BQ Do la cac tinh,thanh ph6 : CAn ThO', SOc Trang, Tra Vinh, An Giang, Kien Giang, CaMau

- Phong van sau (di~u tra dinh tinh): 65 ngum cua 6 tinh /thanh ph6 dadi~u tra

- Di~u tra hQc sinh : d~ tai da di~u tra bang bang hoi 166 hQc sinhthuQc 4 dan tQc Kinh, KhO'me, Cham, Hoa cua 2 truang ph6 th6ng MinhHoa (xa Minh Hoa, huy¢n ChaU Thanh, tinh Kien Giang) va truang ph6th6ng Chau Phong (xa Chau Phong, huy¢n Tan chau, tinh An Giang)

T6ng s6 khach th~ dieu tra t:;liTay Nam Be) lit 1.239 ngum.

*T6ng 56 khach th~ dieu tra cua de tai t9iTay Nguyen va Tay Nam BQ la2.761

ngLtdi

3 GIAI BOAN xu L Y s6 L1~UBltU TRA

- Cac s6 li¢u di~u tra da duqc xu 19 theo phuang phap th6ng ke tminhQc SPSS Cac cau hoi da duqc xu 19 theo cac tieu chi sau: s6 li¢u t6ngquat va cac s61i¢u xU 19 theo cac bien s6: dan tQc, cac nhom dan tQc, diaphuang (tinh), hQc van, tU6i, chuc V\l va gi6i tinh

II PHUONG PHAp NGHIEN coo

1 CACH TI~P C';N NGHI~N cOtJ

Nghien CUu nhfrng d~c diem tam 19 cua cac dan tQcaTay Nguyen, TayNam BQ duqc tiep c~ theo mQt s6 huang sau va day cling la nguyen uie

chi d(;lovi¢c nghien CUu cua d~ tai :

Thu nhat, tiep c~n theo huang Tam ly hQc dan tQCva Tam ly hQc xa

hQi

Thu hai, tiep c~n theo huang khoa hQc lien nganh.

2 cAc PHVONGPHAp NGHI~Ncau

Trong qua trinh thlJc hi~n de tai, chung t6i da sir dl:!ng dong bQ mQt sophuong phap nghien cUu, chung t6i da ket hQ'p giita nghien CUu dinhluqng vOi nghien CUudinh tinh DuOi day la cac phuong phap nghien CUuCl:!th~ ma de tai da thlJChi~n :

2.1 Phuong phap nghien CUutai li~u

2.2 Phuong phap dieu tra b~ng bimg h6i

2.3 Phuong phap ph6ng van sau

2.4 Phuong phap thao lu~n nh6m

2.5 Phuong phap tham gia

2.6 Phuong phap quan sat

2.8 Phuong phap thong ke toan hQCSPSS (d~ xir ly soli~u)

Ill MO TA MAU NGHIEN COO

1.TONG s6 KHAcH TH~ DltU TRA : 2.761 ngum

Bang 1: Khach thi die'u tra phan theo phuong phap nghien cUu

Phltang phap S6 khaeh th~ S6 khaeh th~ Tong 56 nghien ecru t~i Tay Nguyen t~i Tay Nam 89

Dieu tra b~ng bang h6i

2.1 T{li Tdy Nguyen: 4 doh, 10 huy~o, 19 xii

2.2 T{li Tdy Nam Bfj : 6 doh, 9 huy~o, 11 xii.

KET QUA NGHIEN CUU CUA flE TAl

1.MOT s6 BAc BI~M B!A LV, TV' NHltN, KINH Tt-xA HOI COA TAY NGUYtN

phia Tay Nam Vi¢t Nam T6ng di¢n tfch tl;lnhien la 56.116 km2, chiem 16%di¢n tfch ca nu6'c TO(;ldQ dia ly cua Tay Nguyen b 11 - 15 dQ Bilc, 197 -

109 dQ kinh Dong, phia Bilc giap cac dnh Dong Nam BQ, phia Tay giap Lao

va Campuchia, phia Dong giap cac dnh duyen hai Nam Trung BQ TayNguyen g6m 5 dnh: Gia Lai, Kon Turn, Dilc Lilc, Dilc Nong, Lam D6ng.Tay Nguyen co h¢ th6ng ducmg qu6c IQkha hom chinh bao g6m ducmg

20 n6i Da L(;ltv6'i TP H6 Chi Minh, ducmg 14 n6i li~n TP.Buon Ma Thu~tv6'i thi trAn Dilc Lay, cac ducmg qu6c IQ 21, 27, 19 ch(;ly dQc theo hU6'ngDong - Tay n6i li~n Da L(;lt,Buon Ma Thu~t, Pleiku v6'i cac dnh duyen hilimi~n Trung Vi trf nhu v~y t(;lOdi~u ki¢n th~n IQ'icho vi¢c giao lUllhang hoagifi'a Tay Nguyen va d6ng bAng Tay Nguyen duqc coi Ia mai nha chung cua

3 nu6'c Dong Dong v6'i nhfi'ng con ducmg nAm trong h¢ th6ng giao thonghuyet m(;lchxu6ng d6ng bAng va 2 nu6'c lang gi~ng Lao va Campuchia

1.4 Ve dan cu va dan tQC lJ Tay Nguyen

Theo s6 li¢u cua t6ng di~u tra dan s6 nam 1999, tfnh den thOi di~mthang 4-1999, dan s6 Tay Nguyen co tren 4.059.928 ngum, chiem gan5,31 % t6ng dan s6 cil nu6'c Dan cu bTay Nguyen chia thanh 2 bQ ph~n :

- Dan cll t{li ch6 (cac dan t¢c ban dja ) : Hon 1 tri¢u nguOi, chiem hon1/4 dan s6 Tay Nguyen

- Dan cll mOi den: Chiem 75% dan s6 Tay Nguyen, trong do chu yeu

la dan tQCKinh

2 MOT s6 BAc BI~M B!A LV, TV' NHltN, KINH Tt-xA HOI COA TAY NAM sO

Tiiy Nam Bl) con duqc gQi la vung D6'ng b&ng song Citu Long D6ng

bang song Ciru Long la blnh nguyen phu sa r¢ng va thap nam ah~ luu songCiru Long Day la m¢t wng co vi tri rat quan trQnganu6'c ta, ve mi;itan ninhquoc phong, dan cu va dan t¢c

Tay Nam B¢ g6m 13tinh : Long An, D6'ng Thap, An Giang, Tie'n Giang, Ht7u Giang, Vinh Long, Ben Tre, Kien Giang, Ca'n Tho', Tra Vinh, S6c Trang, B{lc Lieu, Ca Mau T6ng di~n tfch dat tl! nhien cua Tay Nam B¢ 3.980.000

ha Dan so theo t6ng dieu tra nam 1999la 16.130.675 ngum.

- NgllUi Vi~t (Kinh), chu yeu song bang nghe nong nghi~p va kha da

d~ng nhu : tr6ng h1a, cay an qua, nuoi gia suc gia cilm, nuoi tr6ng thuy san.M¢t b¢ ph~n 000 cua nguai Vi~t song bang nghe thu cong, buon ban dich Vl;l

acac thanh pho, thi xii, thi tran, daOObflt thuy san, che bien thuy san

- NgllUi Khu me chu yeu song bang nghe d¢c caOOcay lua acac vungng~p mi;in

- NgllUi Boa chu yeu song bang nghe thu mua lua g~o, buon ban, dich

nghi~p nhung it tr6ng lua ma t~p trung tr6ng rau mau

- NgllUi Cham chi buon ban va lam nghe thu cong, khong lam nong

nghi~p va daOObflt thuy san

Sl! khac bi~t nghe nghi~p nay dii t~o ra quan h~ trao d6i giua cac t¢cngum trong wng, d6ng thai t~o ra sl! chenh l~ch ve kinh te va hlnh thanhd~ng cap trong mua ban Mi;itkhac no cling gay ra sl! c~OOtranh trong kinhdoanh, buon ban giua cac doanh OOan,cac nha san xuat thu¢c cac t¢c nguailam nay sinh mau thuftn giua hQ vm OOau

A " ? ",'"

NGHIEN COO CUA DE TAl.

1 KHAI NI~M DAN TOe

Dan tl)c la cl)ng d6'ng ngum 6n djnh, ma nhilng ngum d6 y thuc r6 minh

la thanh vien cua cl)ng d6'ng tren co' sa nhilng dau hi¢u chung dU(fc tie'p nht7n nhu la nhilng dijc trung phan bi¢t dan tl)c ml)t cach hiln nhien va be'n vilng.

Khi noi den dan t¢c la chung ta noi den nhiing c¢ng d6ng nguai khongphan bi~t trlnh d¢ phat tri~n, da so hay thieu so, co cung chung ngon ngu,van hoa

2 Y THl1e eONG 86NG, Y THl1e DAN Toe vA Y THl1e Quae GIA

Khi nghien CUll cac di;icdi~m tam 19dan t¢c chung ta khong th6 khong noi

tm cac van de y thuc cl)ng d6'ng,y thuc dan tl)c va y thuc quoc gia Ba van de

nay luon nam trong mai lien h~ bi~n chUng v6i nhau va lmh huang den daisang xa hQi cua dia phuong, ding nhu cua quac gia N6i cach khac, chungtac dQng tuong h6 va lmh huang Ian nhau Tuy theo thai diem, hoan dmh,d~c diem cua m6i dAn tQCma y thuc nao the hi~n n6i trQi hon va duQ'cquantAmhon.

Y thuc cQng d6ng, y thuc dAn tQCva y thuc quac gia duQ'chieu la sl! nh~nthuc tich cl!c cua chu the ve cQng d6ng, dAn tQc, quac gia va duQ'c bieu hi~nbang thai dQ va hanh dQng ma ca nhAn nh~n thay cAn phai c6 dai v6i cQngd6ng, dAntQc, quac gia cua minh

Y thuc cQng d6ng, y thuc dAn tQc va y thuc quac gia la y thuc ve nh6m a

ba cap dQ khac nhau

Y thue eong dong fa y thuc ve nh6m ehung toi - nhihlg suy nghi tich cl!c

cua ca nhAn ve nh6m chung toi, nhihlg thai dQ va hanh vi cho nh6m, vi lQ'iich cua nh6m chung Wi

- Neu y thuc cQng d6ng la y thuc ve nh6m chung Wi thi Y thue dan toe fa y

thue vinh6m ehung ta Do dAn tQc la nh6m xa hQi 100, nen giao tiep giita cac

thanh vien cua nh6m mang tinh gian tiep hon S1! anh huang cua dAn tQc dencac thanh vien it hon, gian tiep hon sl! anh huang cua cQng d6ng den cac canhAn

Y thuc dAn tQc duQ'Cthe hi~n ro khi cac thanh vien cua dAn tQc giao tiep v6idAntQc khac, khi lQ'iich va sl! t6n tl;!icua dAn tQc bi de dOl;!(khi dAn tQc dUngtruac sl! xAm lang cua mQt dAn tQc khac )

Khi chung ta n6i t6i y thuc dAntQc thl!c te la chung ta n6i t6i t¥Y thue dan

tQe. Nhu da phAn tich a tren, tl! Y thuc dAn tQCla d~c trung quan trQng nhat

de xac dinh ve mQt dAn tQc Tl!y thuc dAn tQc la co sa de m6i thanh vien xacdinh cho minh cach thuc Ung xu va hanh dQng trong quan h~ cua cQng d6ng,cling nhu trong quan h~ v6i cac dAntQc khac

- So v6i hai nh6m xa hQi tren thi quac gia la nh6m xa hQi 100 nhat (mQtquac gia c6 the c6 nhieu dAn tQc, trong d6 c6 mQt dAn tQc da sa va cac dAntQc thieu so) Y thue quoe gia la y thuc ve dat nuac minh va duQ'Cthe hi~n ronhat qua tinh yeu dat nuac, long tl! hao dat nuac va tinh thAn san sang hysinh khi dat nuac dUng truac cac nguy cO de dOl;!(khung hoang kinh te, chinhtri, thien tai, Sl! xAm lUQ'ccua ke thu ) Khi chung ta n6i toi la ngum concua dAntQc Vi~t (Kinh) thi d6la y thuc dAntQc Khi chung ta n6i toi la nguaicon cua nuac Vi~t Nam, toi la mQt ngum Vi~t Nam thi d6la y thuc quac gia

3 TRI GIAC DAN Toe

Tri giac dan tllc la slf nhg,n bilt, am hilu va danh gia cua milt dan tllc nay vi dan tllc khac.

Tri giac giua cac dan t¢c ph\! thu¢c nhieu van trlnh d¢ nh~n thuc, hi~ubiet cua cac dan t¢c, van Hin so va hi~u qua giao tiep giua cac dan t¢c, vanHnh cach dan t¢c, van cac thong tin ma cac dan t¢c nh~ dUQ'cve nhau

Tri giac dan t¢c la m¢t cO sa quan trQng d~ hlnh thanh nen tlnh cam,cach thuc lIng xii, thai d¢ va sl! phoi hQ'Phanh d¢ng trong lao d¢ng san xuat

va sinh hO(;lthang ngay giua cac dan t¢c Tri giac dan t¢c la yeu to c6 anhhubng tfl!c tiep t6i vi~c hlnh thanh nen dinh kien giua cac dan t¢c

Tri giac dan t¢c ph\! thu¢c van dUOngloi, chu truC1ng,chinh sach, sl! tuyentruyen giao d\!c cua Dang va Nha nuoc

4 D6NG NHAT DAN TOC

Khi nghien CUll tam ly dan t¢c chung ta khong th~ khong ban t6i van ded6ng nhat dan t¢c

Khai ni~m d6ng nhat dan tllC a day c6 th~ hi~u a hai g6c d¢ : Thu nhat,

d6ng nhat dan t¢c la qua trlnh ca nhan thong nhat ban than mlnh v6i ca nhankhac (thu¢c dan t¢c mlnh ho~c dan t¢c khac) hay nh6m dan t¢c cua mlnhho~c nh6m dan t¢c khac tren co sa nhUng moi lien h~ cam xuc, chuy~nnhUng chuan ml!c, hlnh mau cua hQ van the gi6i n¢i tam cua mlnh Hlnh

thuc d6ng hoa nay the hi~n r5 hoo a tre em truoc tu6i den truOng Thu hai,

d6ng nhat dan t¢c th~ hi~n a chb ca nhan nhln nh~n nguOi khac nhu Sl!keodai cua chinh ban than mlnh hay la hlnh chieu cua mlnh

D6ng nhat dan t¢c a Tay Nguyen va Tay Nam B¢ th~ hi~n a hai khia c(;lnh:a) Ca nhan di t1m dan t¢c cho mlnh dday chu yeu n6i den d6ng nhat dant¢c cua tre Dua tre tl! cho mlnh la nguOi dan t¢c gl D6 la qua trinh dua trenh~n thuc ve dan t¢c cua mlnh, tlnh cam doi v6i dan t¢c cua mlnh va tu d6hlnh thanh y thuc ve dan t¢c mlnh

b) D6ng nhat dan t¢c c6 th~ la qua trinh cac thanh vien cua m¢t dan t¢cnay tiep nh~n cac gia tq cua dan t¢c khac (thuOng la dan t¢c phat tri~n hoo

ve kinh te va van hoa) d~ giup hQ hoa nh~p va phat tri~n Tuy tiep nh~n cacgia tq cua dan t¢c khac, dan toi sl! thay d6i trong cach thuc san xuat, an m~c,

a, sinh hO(;lt,song cac ca nhan van luon y thuc mlnh la nguOi cua dan t¢cnao

PhAn tfch cac d~c di~rn tAm19 cua cac dAn t9C va tAm19 cua cac c9ngd6ng cu dAn (huon lang, thon, phurn s6c) la n9i dung nghien CUllquan trQngnhat cua de tai.

Cac d~c di~rn tAm19 cua cac dAn t9c, ding nhu c9ng d6ng cu dAnaTAyNguyen va TAy Narn B9la rat da d(;lng,phong phu va phuc t(;lp.Trong khuonkh6 va dieu ki~n c6 h(;lllve thai gian, kinh phi, de tai chi t~p trung nghiencUllrn9t so d~c di~rn tAm19rna chung Wi cho Ia cO him nhat va c6 anh huangnhieu han den sl! phat tri~n kinh te - xii h9i, t6 chuc cu9c song hang ngaycua cac dAn t9Cahai khu Vl!cnay D6la cac d~c di~rn tAm19sau :

- N iing lifc ttJ chuc san xuat cua cac dan tQc.

- Giao tiep va tri giac giila cac dan tQc

- Nhfing khia cfJ-nhtam If cua vi¢c ttJ chuc cQng d6ng dan cu.

- MQt so' net tinh cach Cd ban cua cac dan tQc.

- Sif d6ng nhat cua cac dan tQc.

- M9t so yeu to tAm19 dAn t9C c6 tfnh chat nh(;lycarn, c6 anh huang quantrQng den sl! 6n dinh ve chinh tq xii h9i cua TAy Nguyen va TAy Narn B9nhu:

+Tu tuang ly khai, tl! tq cua cac dAn t9c thi~u so

+ Y thuc quac gia, 9thuc C9ng d6ng va9thuc dAn t9c

+Ky thi va dinh kien dAn t9c

+M9t so khia c(;lnhve tAm19ton giao cua cac dAn t9c

1 NANG LlfC TO CHl1C SAN XUAT COA cAc DAN TOC

N6i den nang ll!C t6 chuc san xuat cua cac dAn t9c la n6i den rn9t t6 hQ'pcac phArn chat tAm19 d6ng vai tro t(;lOdieu ki~n thu~ lqi cho cac dAn t9cthl!c hi~n c6 hi~u qua hO(;ltd9ng san xuat

DAy la d~c di~rn tAm19 dAn t9c c6 tam quan trQng hang dau doi v6i sl!phat tri~n kinh te cua rn6i gia dlnh, ding nhu cua khu Vl!c TAy Nguyen vaTAyNarn B9 Nang ll!c t6 chuc san xuat lien quan tfl!c tiep t6i rnuc song cuacac gia dlnh

Nguyen va TAy Narn B9 nhu sau:

1.1 Nang I'!c t6 chuc san xuat cua cac dan tQclJ Tay Nguyen

Ket qua nghien CUllve cach thuc san xuat cua cac dAn t9CaTAy Nguyencho thay:

Dan ttlC Kinh duq'c danh gia rat cao vi cach thuc va hi¢u qua san xuat

va neu so sanh giita ha nh6rn dAn t9C thl hi~u qua san xuat cua dAn t9C Kinh

la tot nhat

Cae ddn tt)e bdn dia duqc danh gia thdp nhat vi cach thuc va hi¢u qua san xuat. So v6i cac dan tQc ban dia thl cac daD tQCthi~u s6 di cu tu cacnoi den Tay Nguyen van duQ'c danh gia cao hem ve cach thuc va hi~u quaslm xu~t.

M~c dil duQ'cdanh gia thap ve cach thuc va hi~u qua san xuat, nhung cacdan tQc thieu so a Tay Nguyen, nhat la cac dan tQc ban dia van duQ'c danhgia la co Dhieu tieD bQ ve cach thuc san xu~t

SO'do 1: Ndng lifc san xuat cua cac dan tljc dTay Nguyen

Muc dlj thap

Qua sO d6 nay ta thay, dan tQc Kinh la dan tQc co nang ItJc san xuat kinhdoanh tot nhat aTay Nguyen, cac dan tQc thieu so co nang ItJc san xuat kinhdoanh amuc dQ thap, d~c bi~t la cac dan tQc ban dia Ok dan tQc thieu so di

cUakhoang giua, nhung gan phfa cac dan tQc ban dia hem

1.2.NaDg tIlc t6 chuc SaD xuat cua cac daD tQc(jTay Nam BQ

Neu vilng dat Tay Nguyen v6i nhii'ng blnh nguyen mau ma,r~t thu~n IQ'icho vi~c tr6ng cac cay cong nghi~p thi vilng dat Tay N am BQ lc;tila khu vtJcrat thu~n IQ'icho vi~c phat trien nong nghi~p (tr6ng lua va cac cay an trai),cling nhu nuoi tr6ng va danh bflt hili san M~c dil d~c diem ttJ nhien va dieuki~n phat trien kinh te cua hai khu VtJcla khac nhau va co the la kha thu~nIQ'i,song nang ItJc san xuat va la yeu to quyet dinh thu nh~p va muc song cuacac gia dlnh

Ket qua dieu tra ve nang ItJc san xuat nong nghi~p cua cac dan tQc Tay

N am BQ cho thay co khoang gan mQt mia so nguai dan duQ'c hoi cho rangminh co kha nang tot ve sfm xuat nong nghi~p Trong cac llnh VtJccua sanxuat nong nghi~p thl tot nhat la tieu th\l san phAm (diem trung blnh Ia 2,37),sau do den vi~c biet ItJa ch<;m,cham soc v~t nuoi, cay tr6ng phil hQ'P(diemtrung binh la 2,33) Trong san xuat nong nghi~p thl vi~c ma rQng qui mo sanxuat la hc;tnche hem ca (diem trung binh la 1,97)

Neu so sanh vai cac dan tQCa Tay Nguyen thl nang ItJc sfm xuat nongnghi~p cua cac dan tQCa Tay N am BQ tot hem, d~c bi~t la cac dan tQc thieu

so Dieu nay khong chi the hi~n qua stJ ttJ danh gia cua cac dan tQCa TayNam BQma con the hi~n qua nhii'ng ket qua nghien coo ve kinh te mien Namtruac 1975

nghi~p va hOc;ttdQng san xuat nong nghi~p cua nguai Kinh kha da dc;tngnhu :

tr6ng Ilia, cay an qua, nuoi gia slic, gia cam, nuoi tr6ng thuy sfm va co mqt

bq ph~n buon ban, lam ngh~ thu congo Trong khi do, nguO'i Kha me chu yeus6ng bfuIg ngh~ dqc canh cay Ilia a cac vilng ng~p mi;in Con nguOi Hoa chi

co mQt bQ ph~n rat nho s6ng bfuIg nong nghi~p Song hQ l~i chu yeu tr6nghoa mau NguOi Cham khong s6ng bfuIg nong nghi~p va danh bat thuy san

ma chu yeu s6ng bfuIg ngh~ thu cong, buon ban

Nhu v~y, so sanh gifta 4 dan tqc a vung d6ng bang song Oiu Long tathay chi co dan tQCKinh va Kha me chu yeu s6ng bang ngh~ nong, trong donang h!c va hi~u qua san xuat cua nguOi Kinh t6t han nhi~u so v6i nguO'iKha

me Do chu yeu s6ng bang dqc canh cay Ilia va hi~u qua san xuat thap nen

h;rckinh doanh kha t6t Ket qua nghien CUll cho thay nhftng gia dlnh co tham

gia kha cao v~ kha nang kinh doanh buon ban cua mInh, chi co mQt ty l~ khakhiem t6n (14,4%) cho rang kha nang nay a hQ chua t6t 0 tat ca cac linhVl.Jckinh doanh nguOi dan d~u cho mlnh co nang h;rca muc trung blnh dent6t Linh Vl.Jckinh doanh dUQ'cnguOi dan danh gia t6t nhat la " Biet quan h~v6i khach hang" (di~m trung blnh cao nhat M=2,49)

T~i vung d6ng bang song Oiu Long, dan tQc Vi¢t (Kinh) co phong cach va

cach thuc lam an rat dang duQ'c chli y. Trong san xuat nong nghi~p va kinh

doanh, nguOi Vi~t vilng nay soi n6i, m~nh b~o, dam nghi, dam lam Mqt s6

nha nghien CUllda nh~n xet, nguOi Vi~t neu thay cai gl khong co lQ'icho thunh~p thl dam vUt bo, cai gl colQ'i thl cuang quyet ap dl;lng

T~i vilng d6ng bang song Oiu Long, dan tQc H oa la dan tqc co kha nang

kinh doanh t6t nhat D~i da s6 cac gia dlnh nguOi Hoa s6ng bang ngh~ thumua Ilia g~o, buon ban, lam dich Vl;l,ho~t dqng cong nghi~p va ti~u thu congnghi~p D~ thl!c hi~n cong vi~c kinh doanh buon ban duQ'c thu~n lQ'i,nguO'iHoa s6ng chu yeu acac khu Vl.Jcdo thi, thi tran va ven do

N gum Kh{j me la dan tqc co nang Il!Csan xuat kinh doanh thap nhat, do

v~y hQ cling co muc s6ng thap nhat, co ty l~ ngheo doi cao nhat avilng d6ngbang song Oiu Long

Dan tQc Cham co muc s6ng thap han dan tQc Hoa va Kinh, nhung l~i

cao han dan tqc Kha me Dan tqc Cham khong lam nong nghi~p, ma s6ng

bfuIg ngh~ thu cong va buon ban

Tuy s6ng bfuIg ngh~ thu cong va buon ban nhung hQ co muc s6ng khongcao, khong kha gia Bm VI,ho~t dqng kinh doanh cua nguOi Cham van mangtfnh chat nha Ie Buon ban cua nguOi Cham khong phai la buon ban 100 nhu

nguOi Hoa, ma la buon ban dflO (di ban rong acac ng6 xom va ban nhftng d6dung sinh ho~t co gia tq thap) Do v~y ma lQ'inhu~n khong cao, hi~u quakinh te thap

ve nang ll;tc san xuat kinh doanh cua cac dan tQc a vilng d6ng bangsong Ci'ruLong co th~ bi~u di~n thanh so d6 sau:

So do2: So sanh niing llfc san xuat cua cac dan tQC

avung d6ng bdng song CUu Long.

Boa+

Mitc dQ thap

v oi so d6 nay ta thay nguai Hoa co nang ll;tc sfm xuat kinh doanh tot nhat

va nguai Kho me co nang ll;tcnay thap nhat, con ngum Cham va nguai Kinh

ngum Kinh ave phia cl;tccua ngum Hoa

* Nhq,n xet chung vi niing llfc san xuat kinh doanh cua cac dan tQcaTay Nguyen va Tay N am BQ.

- 0khu Vl;tcTay Nguyen, dan tQc Kinh La dan tQc co niing llfc san xuat

kinh doanh tot nhat ve hoc;ttdQng kinh doanh akhu Vl;tcnay ngum Kinh hAunhu dQc quyen cac dan tQc ban dia chu yeu san xuat nong nghi~p, ve cO ban

hQ khong tham gia hoc;ttdQng kinh doanh, dich V\l. SO viii cac nhom dan tQc Tay Nguyen, niing llfc tif chitc san xuat cua cac dan tQc ban dia la thap kem nhat Cac dan tQc thi~u so di cu tuy nang ll;tcsan xuat kinh doanh co kha han

cac dan tQc ban dia, nhung so vm dan tQc Kinh thl hq van con mQt khoangcach kha xa

- 0khu Vl;tcTay Nam BQ (vilng d6ng bfulg song Ci'ru Long), dan tQc Hoa

la dan tQc co niing llfc kinh doanh tot nhat, hQ chu yeu hoc;ttdQng kinh

doanh, buon ban, rat it lam san xuat nong nghi~p Dan tQc Kinh cling conang ll;tc san xuat nong nghi~p va kinh doanh kha tot, song van kern dan tQc

Hoa, dan tQc Kinh san xu at nong nghi~p la chu yeu Dan tQc Kha me co

niing llfc san xuat kinh doanh thap kem nhat, dan tQc Cham khOng san xuat

nong nghi~p, song chu yeu b~ng nghe thu cong va buon ban, song nang ll;tc

2.1.1 Giao tie'p gifta eae dan tlje II Tay Nguyen

- Dan toe Kinh Ia dan tQc c6 ph(;lmvi giao tiep rQng nhat trong ba nh6m

dan tQc b Tay Nguyen Giao tiep rQng dff trb thanh mQt th6i quen trong loisong, thanh mQt net Hnh cach dUQ"cdinh hinh vihlg chac cua dan tQc Kinh

- Cae dan toe Ban dia c6 khong gian giao tiep hypo Dieu nay th<ihi~n qua

sl! hi<iu biet cua cac nh6m dan tQc ve hQ Chi c6 25,4% so ngum dUQ"ch6ithuQc nh6m dan tQc Kinh va thi<iu so di cU cho rfulg dff hi<iu tot ve cac dantQc Ban dia, ty l~ ngum hi<iu rat it va hAu nhu khong hi<iu chiem d(;lida so(chiem gAll 70% so ngum dUQ"ch6i) Qua dieu tra cua chung toi, hAu hetnhfing ngum dUQ"ch6i deu n6i rcing hQ chi giao tiep trong ph(;lmvi lang ban

ma hQ sinh song Nhfing hQ gia dinh dan tQc Ban dia c6 ph(;lm vi giao tieprQng thucmg la nhfing gia dinh c6 kha nang san xu at tot Giao tiep vai cacdan tQc khac nhu la mQt phuong ti~n d<iphat tri<insan xuat

- Cae dan toe thi!u sodi ell: c6 khong gian giao tiep rat h(;lllhypo Chung

toi c6 cam nh~n ducmg nhu cac dan tQc thi<iu so di cu muon thu minh l(;litrong khong gian cua gia dinh minh, cua cQng d6ng dan tQc minh t(;likhu vl!ccutm

- Nhin t6ng quat, khong gian giao tie'p cua cac dan t¢c J Tay Nguyen La khti khiem ton Trong so' ba nhom dan t¢c song a Tay Nguyen thi dan t¢c Kinh co khong gian giao tie'p r¢ng nhat va nhom dan t¢c Thilu so'di cu co khong gian giao tilp hfjp nhat.

xuyen giua cac nh6m dan tQc tuong doi thap, chi c6 gAn 1/3 so ngub'i dUQ"ch6i cho la thucmg xuyen tiep xuc vai dan tQc khac, c6 gAn mQt mia so ngumcho la tiep xuc vai dan tQc khac b muc dQ thinh thoang Dieu dang chu y lac6 tai 1/3 so ngum dUQ"ch6i cho rfulg chua bao gib' tiep xuc vai cac nh6mdan tQc khac

Nhu v~y, c6 tai hon 70% so ngum dUQ"ch6i cua ba nh6m dan tQc t(;li4tinh Tay Nguyen chi tiep xuc vai cac nh6m dan tQc khac b muc dQ thinhthoang ho~c chua bao gib' tiep xuc, dieu nay th<ihi~n tAn so giao tiep cua cacnh6m dan tQc con rat h(;lnche Sl! h(;lnche ve khong gian va tAn so giao tiepgiua cac nh6m dan tQc se dAn den sl! h(;lllche ve hi<iubiet giua cac nh6m dantQc, h(;lnche sl! hQc h6i kinh nghi~m t6 chuc san xuat, t6 chuc cUQcsong vacuoi cling la h(;lnche sl! hqp tac giua cac nh6m dan tQc vai nhau

Qua phan tich cac hinh thuc, nQi dung giao tiep cua cac nh6m dan tQc, tac6 th~ dua ra mQt so nh~n xet sau:

- Hi~u qua giao tiep giua cac nh6m dan tQc chua cao Giao tiep ducmgnhu con dUng l(;linhieu b cac hinh thuc ben ngoai (chao h6i, n6i chuy~n xff

giao), sv trao d6i thong tin, b~m b(;lcve cach thuc slm xuat cua cac h9 giadlnh, trao d6i kiOOnghi¢m slm xuat con h(;lnche V6i muc d9, cach thuc giaotiep nhu v~y nen n6 chua tac d9ng OOieuden sv phat trien slm xuat cua cacgia dlnh cac dan t9C blm dia va thieu s6 di cu BCriVI, sv hQc hoi, tiep OO~nkinh nghi¢m san xuat cua dan t9C KiOOtu phia cac dan t9c la h(;lnche.

- Hai nh6m dan t9C la ban dia va thieu s6 di cu giao tiep v6i dan t9C Kinhnhieu hon la giua hQ v6i OOau, trong d6 c6 vi¢c trao d6i, ban b(;lcve cachthuc san xuat, lam an Dieu nay xuat phat tu m9t trong nhitng nguyen nhanquan trQng la cac nh6m dan t9C daOOgia cao m9t phAm chat tam ly cAn thietcho phat trien san xuat, t6 chuc CU9Cs6ng cua dan t9c Kinh Qua cach thucgiao tiep nay dff khcing diOOvai tro vi the quan trQng cua dan t9c KiOOtrongquan h¢ giua ba nh6m dan t9CaTay Nguyen hi¢n nay

* Cac ddn t9c giup dOnhau khi kho khan:

Sv ph6i hqp hanh d9ng giua cac dan t9c trong cac c9ng d6ng dan cukhong chi the hi¢n qua hO(;ltd9ng lao d9ng san xuat, trong sinh hO(;lthangngay ma con the hi¢n qua sv giup do nhau khi kh6 khan C6 the n6i day lam9t bieu hi¢n quan trQng cua hO(;ltd9ng giao tiep, hqp tac giua cac dan t9c

De tlm hieu van de nay, chung toi dff dUa ra cau hoi : " Khi kh6 khan ong(ba) thucmg 000' sv giup do cua dan t9c nao? " Ket qua dieu tra cho thay :

+ D{;i v6'i dan tQc Kinh :

Tus6 li¢u dieu tra cho thay, atat ca OOitngkh6 khan neu ra chu yeu dant9C Kinh deu tv minh giai quyet, vi¢c nhO'cac dan t9c ban dia va thieu s6 di

cU giup do rat it

Ngum KiOO000' cac dan t9c thieu s6 giup nhieu nhat avi¢c lam fU9ng,nuong ray, thu hO(;lchmua mang (thue muOn lao d9ng)

+DOl v6'i dan tQc ban dja :

Da s6 cac gia dlnh dan t9c ban dia khi kh6 khan deu nhO'sv giup do cuadan tQCminh Tuy v~y, s6 gia dlnh nhO't6i sv giup do cua dan tQC Kinh vanchiem ty l¢ cao So v6i cac dan tQCthieu s6 di cu thl sv giup do cua dan tQCKinh d6i voi cac dan tQc ban dia cao hon gap nhieu IAn

+DOl v6'i cac dan tQc thilu so'di cll :

ve cO ban, cac dan t9C thieu s6 di cu tv minh giai quyet lay OOitngkh6khan (trong ph(;lmvi dan tQCcua minh) Song, sv giup do cua dan tQCKinhd6i voi cac dan tQCthieu s6 di cu la rat cAn thiet (a tat ca cac bieu hi¢n kh6khan) Sv giup do cua cac dan tQc ban dia d6i voi cac dan t9c di cu la khongdang ke (cling nhu sv giup do cua cac dan tQCthieu s6 di cU d6i v6i cac dantQc ban dia)

* 51! trao d6i, chia se tinh cam giila cac nh6m dan tQc trong giao tilp

Cling vOi vi~c chi a se thong tin, kinh nghi~m song thl trong cUQc song cuacQng d6ng cu dan Tay Nguyen c6 mQt nQi dung quan trQng khac cua giaotiep la chia se, trao d6i tmh cam giua cac chu the trong qua trmh giao tiep.Qua giao tiep, cac chu the mong muon tlm duqc sl! dQng vien, an ui, sl! d6ngcam trong nhiing hie vui bu6n, kh6 khan Ket qua nghien CUllcho thay :

S¥ chia se tinh cam gii1a ba nh6m dan tQc if Tay Nguyen wJi nhau con kha khiem ton. Chi c6 mQt phan ba so ngum duqc hoi cho la hQ thucmgxuyen chi a se tlnh cam vOi cac nh6m dAn tQc khac Day c6 the xem nhu laket qua cua mQt khong gian giao tiep con hC;lnhyp, cua mQt muc dQ giao tiepcon hC;lnche giua cac nh6m dan tQCma ta da phan Hch atren

Khong gian giao tiep, muc dQ giao tiep va sl! chia se tlnh cam con hC;lnchecua cac nh6m dan tQCaTay Nguyen chfic chfin se hC;lnche sl! co ket va phoihqp hanh dQng giua cac nh6m dAn tQc trong san xuat cling nhu t6 chuc cUQcsong cua cQng d6ng

- Trong so' ba nh6m dan tQc if Tay Nguyen, dan tQc Kinh vdn la trung tam cua s¥ chia se tinh cam. cac nh6m dAn tQc chi a se tmh cam vOi dan tQCKinhnhi~u hon nh6m dan tQc con lC;li.Di~u nay xuat phat tu vai tro va vi the cuadAn tQc Kinh trong quan h~ giua cac dan tQC, trong phat trien kinh te va xahQi aTay Nguyen M~t khac, cling xuat phat tu nhiing net Hnh cach cua dantQC Kinh - mQt dan tQC nang dQng, nhanh nhyn, hOC;ltbat hon so vOi cac dAntQc thieu so C6 the n6i, kha nang giao tiep cua dan tQC Kinh la kha tot.Chfnh di~u nay lam dan tQC Kinh la dan tQCc6 phC;lmvi giao tiep rQng hon sovOi cac dAn tQc ban dia va cac dan tQCthieu so di cu aTay Nguyen

2.1.2 Tri giac gifra cac dan tQC aTay Nguyen

Tri giac gii1a cac nh6m dan tQcla sl! nhm nh~n, hieu biet va danh giacua nh6m dan tQCnay doi vai cac nh6m dan tQCkhac

C6 the n6i mQt cach don gian, tlm hieu tri giac giua cac nh6m dan tQClatlm hieu cac nh6m dan tQChilu bie!, suy nghi, danh gia vi nhau nhu the' nao.

Vi~c nghien CUll tri giac giua cac nh6m dAn tQc se giup chung ta c6 co sakhoa hQC de tra 1m cau hoi : c6 t6n tC;lidinh kien dan tQC trong quan h~ giuacac dAn tQc aTay Nguyen khong? 0nhi~u quoc gia c6 da dan tQC thl day lamQt van d~ c6 anh huang xa hQi mang Hnh tieu cl!c Ian

Ket qua di~u tra cho thay :

- Trong so ba nh6m dan tQCa Tay Nguyen thl dan tQC Kinh duqc hieubiet tot hon so vOi hai nh6m dAn tQc con l(;li,sl! hieu biet v~ cac dan tQCthieu

so di cu la thap nhat

- Cac nhom dan tQChi~u hiet v~ nhau CJ mvc dQ tot chiem ty l~ kha khiemton, chi co 1/3 so ngum duQ'choi cho rang hQ da hi~u hiet tot ve cac dan tQCkhac, trong khi do so ngum cho la hi~u rat it chiem gan 50% Sl! hi~u hietht;mche cua cac nhom dan tQCv~ nhau se khong t(;10ra duQ'cnhfrng di~u ki~nthu~ IQ'icho giao tiep va phoi hQ'Phanh dQng giua cac nhom dan tQCtrongqua trinh san xuat.

2.2 Giao tiep va tri ghic giua cac daD tQc 0 Tay Nam BQ

Khac v6i Tay Nguyen - mQt vling dat xen ke giua cac day mii va h~thong hinh nguyen, cac cQng d6ng dan cu song co c\!m va kha t~p trung, ratthu~n IQ'icho vi~c giao lUll trong cQng d6ng dan tQCva giua cac dan tQc v6inhau, vimg d6ng hang song Clru Long (Tay Nam BQ) Ia khu Vl!c co mQtm(;1nglu6i kenh r(;1chchang chit (gan 5.000 km), do v~y cac cQng d6ng dan

cu, cac dan tQCchu yeu song theo hai ho kenh Di~u nay da t(;10nen nhfrngd~c di~m d~c trung v~ giao tiep giua cac dan tQCva giao tiep trong cac cQngd6ng dan cu CJ vimg d6ng hang song Clru Long

Cae hinh thite va mite d¢ giao tie'p eua eae dan t¢e 6'Tay Nam B¢.

- Trong cQng d6ng cua dan tQc minh, mvc dQ giao tiep cua ngum Kinh lakha cao CJ tat ca 5 hinh thvc giao tiep duQ'ckhao sat Co 67,6% so nguoi KinhdUQ'choi cho la "Kha thuang xuyen" ho~c "Rat thuang xuyen" giao tiep v6ingum cua dan tQc minh, trong do co 41,4% cho la giao tiep rat thuangxuyen

d cac hinh thvc giao tiep th~ hi~n sl! tin tubng, than tinh, phoi hQ'PhanhdQng nhu "Trao d6i, han h(;1cchuy~n lam an", "An nh~u", "Tam sl! chuy~ngia dinh" dIng co mvc dQ giao tiep kha cao

- Dan tQc Cham la dan tQc ng(;1igiao tiep, chu yeu giao tiep trong ph(;1mvigia dinh va cQng d6ng Nhat la ph\! nu Cham co ph(;1mvi giao tiep rat hyp(trU hfrng ngum huon han nho) Chung nh~ thay duang nhuhQ m~c cam v~

vi the cua dan tQCminh so v6i cac dan tQCkhac Dieu nay nh~n thay rat rotrong cac cQng d6ng dan cu ma ngum Cham song chung v6i cac dan tQckhac trong khi do CJ nhfrng noi ngum Cham song thanh cQng d6ng rieng cuaminh (cac ap chi co ngum Cham) thi hQ tl! tin hem rat nhi~u

Dan tQc Cham chu yeu song hang ngh~ thu cong va huon han d(;1o.Nhfrng gia dinh song hang nghe thu cong, ma chu yeu do ph\! nu lam, nen

hQ lam vi~c trong gia dinh hay trong ph(;1mvi cua HTX, it tiep xuc vai henngoai, nhat la cac dan tQCkhac Nhfrng nguoi huon han d(;1o(nhung ty l~ naykhong nhi~u) thi vi~c tiep xuc vai cac dan tQCkhac nhi~u hem

Nhu v~y, sl! giao tiep trong c¢ng d6ng dan t¢c cua nguai Kinh a muctuong doi cao Trong so 3 dan t¢c Hoa, Kha me va Cham thl dan t¢c Kinhgiao tiep v6i dan t¢c Kha me la nhieu hon ca, con tiep xuc v6'i dan t¢c Hoa

va Cham amuc d¢ kha th~p

tiep khong cao Neu so v6i nguai Kinh thl muc d¢ giao tiep cua ngum Kinhtrong c¢ng d6ng cao hon h~n so v6i ngum Hoa Trong so cac hlnh thuc giaotiep thl giao tiep a hlnh thuc chao h6i xa giao la cao nh~t, giao tiep th~ hi¢nSl!trao d6i, ban b(;lcchuy¢n lam an, tam sl! chuy¢n gia dlnh a muc r~t th~p.Dieu nay do duc Hnh kin dao va giu bi m~t bi quyet kinh doanh, buon bancua nguai Hoa

dday chung ta th~y vi¢c "An nh~u" giua ngum Hoa v6'i ngum Hoa amucd¢ th~p nh~t Dieu nay xu~t phat tu cac nguyen nhan sau: Ngum Hoa la dant¢c r~t tiet ki¢m ("Ngum Hoa lam 10 an m¢t" nhu cau n6i cua ngum danNam B¢), do v~y vi¢c an nh~u la r~t h(;lnche, nh~t la v6i cac dan t¢c khac

ve dieu nay thl ngum Hoa khac nhieu so v6i dan t¢c Kha me va Kinh M~tkhac, ngum Hoa la nhUng ngum r~t chuyen tam cho cong vi¢c lam an, nenkhong c6 nhieu thm gian d~ an nh~u

59,4% so ngum duQ'c h6i tra lai "Chua bao gia " ho~c "Thinh thoang" tiepxuc v6i ngum Kinh

- So v6i dan t¢c Kinh, thl muc d¢ giao tiep cua dan t¢c Hoa v6i dan t¢cKha me cao hon Neu v6'i dan t¢c Kinh, chi c6 40,6% so nguai Hoa duQ'ch6i tra 1m giao tiep a muc "Kha thuang xuyen" va "R~t thuang xuyen", thlmuc d¢ giao tiep nay v6i dan t¢c Kha me la 58,1 % Dieu nay c6 th~ 19 gainhu sau: Dan t¢c Kha me la bC;lllhang quan trQng cua nguai Hoa Cho nen,vi¢c giao tiep v6'i nguai Kha me la dieu khong th~ thieu duQ'c cho vi¢c buonban cua ngum Hoa

- Giao tiep giua ngum Hoa va nguai Cham di~n ra a muc d¢ r~t th~p vath~p nh~t trong so 3 dan t¢c Kinh, Kha me va Cham C6 t6i 87,6% ngumHoa duQ'ch6i tra 1m "chua bao gia" giao tiep v6i ngum Cham, khong c6 m¢tnguai Hoa nao n6i rtmg "R~t thuang xuyen" tiep xuc v6i nguai Cham

nguai Cham la do Hnh cach dan t¢c, do cach song cua dan t¢c Cham va domuc d¢ hQ'Ptac kinh te giua nguai Hoa va ngum Cham r~t th~p

- Muc d¢ giao tiep cua ngum Kha me trong ph(;lm vi c¢ng d6ng cuamlnh kha cao C6 t6i 78,6% ngum Kha me duQ'c h6i tra 1m "Kha thuangxuyen" hay "R~t thuang xuyen" giao tiep v6i nhUng nguai cung dan t¢cmlnh Chi c6 1,6% so ngum Kha me duQ'c h6i cho rang mlnh "Chua bao

gia" tiep xuc v6'i nhftng ngum cling dan t<')c.Ngum Kho me c6 muc d<')tiepxuc vO'inguai Kho me cao VIhq la dan t<')cc6 muc song thap va cu<')csongcon nhi~u kh6 khan nhat 6 trong vilng Di~u nay lam cho hq phai nuong tt;ravao nhau, tlm kiem st;rgiup do cua nhau, nhat la cua nhftng nguai trong hqhang gia dInh, d~c bi~t la bo my, anh chi em.

Di~u dang chu y la vi~c "an nh~u" giua cac gia dlnh Kho me 6 muc cao(79,2%), trong khi d6 ty l~ nay 6 cac dan t<')ckhac thap (6 ngum Kinh la25%, bang 36; 6 ngum Hoa la 13,2%, bang 40 va 6 ngum Cham la 22,6%,bang 48) Nhu da phan tfch 6 phan Hnh cach dan t<')c,dan t<')cKho me la dant<')ckhong tiet ki~m (6 vilng nay c6 cau "Ngum Kho me lam 10 an 15", conngum Hoa thl " lam lOan m<')t").Dan ong Kho me thuang hay t1;1t~p nhaul~i d~ "nh~u lai rai" khi c6 ti~n Vi~c nay da anh hubng khong nh6 den mucsong cua dan t<')cKho me

- Giao tiep giua ngum Kho me va ngum Kinh cling 6 muc tuong doi tot.C6 m<')tmia so ngum dugc h6i (50%) cho la hq da giao tiep vO'ingum Kinh

6 muc "Kha thuang xuyen" hay "Rat thuang xuyen"

- Giao tiep giua nguai Kho me va ngum Hoa 6 muc d<')thap hon so vO'inguai Kinh Giao tiep giua ngum Kho me va ngum Cham di~n ra 6 muc d<')rat thap C6 to'i 88,8% so nguai Kho me dugc h6i tra 1m "Chua bao gia" tiepxuc vO'ingum Cham

Nhu v~y, giao tiep cua dan t<')cKho me di~n ra 6 trong c<')ngd6ng ngumKho me nhi~u hon giao tiep v6'i cac dan t<')ckhac Trong so 3 dan t<')cKinh,Hoa, Cham thl dan t<')cKho me tiep xuc vO'idan t<')cKinh nhi~u hon va v6'i

dan t<')cCham it nhat.

- Giao tiep trong c<')ngd6ng ngum Cham 6 muc cao, c6 73,2% so ngumCham dugc h6i cho dmg hq "Kha thuang xuyen" hay "Rat thuang xuyen"tiep xuc v6'i cac gia dlnh ngum Cham khac Cac hlnh thuc giao tiep c6 mucd<')cao nhu "Chao h6i", "Den nha choi", "Trao d6i ban b~c chuy~n lam an",

"Tam st;rchuy~n gia dlnh" St;rtiep xuc cua ngum Cham 6 muc cao, nhat ladan ong, VI nhftng ngum Cham 6 cling thon ap, hay 6 cling khu vt;rc sinhho~t ton giao (cling di l~ t~i m<')tthanh duang) hang ngay hq phai g~p nhau 5Ian t~i cac ti~u thanh duang d~ cau nguy~n Hlnh thuc sinh ho~t ton giaonay da lam cho tan so giao tiep cua ngum Cham rat cao va cao hon tat cacac dan t<')ckhac trong vilng M~c dli v~y, vi~c t6 chuc "an uong" giua cacgia dinh ngum Cham cling rat h~n che

- Giao tiep cua dan t<')cCham vO'icac dan t<')cKinh, Hoa va Kho me d~u 6muc d<')rat thap, d~c bi~t la giao tiep giua nhftng ngum Cham va ngum Hoa

Danh gia chung vi giao tie'p cua cac dan tQc vung Tay N am BQ :

- Trong s6 4 dAn t9c chinh avimg dong bang song Clru Long thi dAn tQcKinh va KhO' me la hai dc1ntQc c6 ph(;lmvi va muc dQ giao tiep 100 hO'n Ph(;lmvi va muc dQ giao tiep cua dc1ntQc Cham la h(;lnche nhat

- Ph(;lmvi va muc dQ giao tiep cua m6i dcln tQc phl;l thuQc vao tinh cachdc1ntQc, vao d~c diem nghe nghi~p, vao loi song va ton giao cua dc1ntQc d6.M~t khac, sl! tl! 9 thuc ve vi the cua dc1ntQc minh cilng c6 fmh huang nhatdinh den giao tiep cua dc1ntQc Dieu nay c6 the nh~n thay kha ra a dc1ntQcCham

- Neu so vai cac dc1ntQCaTAy Nguyen thi muc dQ giao tiep giua cac dc1ntQCa Tc1yNam BQ cao hO'n,ph(;lmvi 100 hO'nsl! giao tiep giua cac dc1ntQCa

Tc1yNguyen vai nhau C6 Ie vi v~y ma sl! hieu biet giua cac dc1ntQCa Tc1y

N am BQcilng kha tot MQt minh chUng cho van de nay la cac cUQchon nhAn

Hoa, KhO'me

2.2.2 Tri giac gifra cac daD te)cfJTay Nam Be)

Hie'u hiet, danh gia chung cua cac dan tQc vi nhau :

- Da so cac dc1ntQc danh gia tot ve dc1ntQc khac (chiem hO'n2/3 so ngumduqc hoi) Chi so nay the hi~n quan h~ giua cac dc1ntQc cO'ban la tich cl!c.Khi phAn tfch 9 kien cua cac dAn tQCve tinh lang nghia x6m a tren cilngphan anh khia C(;lnhnay Da so cac 9 kien cho r~ng tinh lang nghia x6m tot

Chinh vi mqi nguai giup do nhau khi kh6 khan, nen mqi ngum c6 an tuqngt6t c6 hinh anh tfch cl!c ve nhau trong suy nghi va trong tinh cam cua minh.Dcln tQc Kinh duqc danh gia cao nhat trong so 4 dc1ntQc ve muc dQ tot.Sl! danh gia nay c6 the duqc 19 giai nhu sau : DAy la dAn tQc chiem da sotrong vimg, c6 anh huang 100 nhat trong khu VlJc.Ngum Vi~t Nam BQngaynay van phat huy duqc cac pham chat nhu thAng th~n, cm ma,dQ luqng, hao

ph6ng cua nhUng ngum Vi~t den khan hoang t(;livimg dong b~ng nay tit

nhUng ngay ban dau C6 Ie chinh vi v~y ma hq duqc cac dcln tQc khac trongvimg qui men, danh gia tot

Khi danh gia ve dcln tQc Hoa va Cham, nhat la dc1ntQc Cham, ty l~ 9

kien cho la "Kh6 tra lai" cao nhat, cao hO'n nhieu so vO'i dcln tQc Kinh vaKhO'me sadi nhu v~y la vi dAn tQc Cham va Hoa la nhUng dAn tQc song kindao DAn tQc Hoa rat kin dao ve kinh te gia dinh, ve bi quyet lam an cuaminh Dc1ntQc Cham song huOOgnQi, it giao tiep, chu yeu trong gia dinh va

cQng d6ng dan tQc va ton giao cua mlnh Dieu nay lam cho cac dan tQc khackh6 hieu ve h9 hon.

Cac dan tQc tv danh gia ve mlnh cao hon cac dan tQc khac danh gia ve h9

va danh gia ve dan tQc mlnh tot hon cac dan tQc khac Day la mQt d~c thlicua tri giac xff hQi Khi chu the tri giac thucmg tv danh gia ve minh cao honcai ma mlnh c6 ho~c cao hon nguCrikhac danh gia ve chu the d6

Hilu hie! cua cac ddn tt)cvimt)t so' khia cC}nhc'!thl cua cac ddn tt)c khac:

dday de tai dff ch9n 3 yeu to la phong t'!c tlj,pquan, tinh cach va kinh

nghi¢m san xudt cua cac dan tQCde khao sat VI day la 3 khia qmh tam ly

co ban va chung duqc th~ hi~n kha ro net trong cUQc song hang ngay Quagiao tiep va hqp tac giua cac dan tQc thl cac dan tQc c6 th~ d~ nh~n ra hon vecac khia c(;lnhtam ly nay cua nhau

cac dan tQc hi~u ve nhau b muc dQ kha thap Chi c6 mQt ty l~ kha nhonhiing nguCriduqc hoi cua cac dan tQc cho r~ng mlnh dff hieu tot ve phongt\lc t~p quan, tfnh cach va kinh nghi~m san xuat cua cac dan tQc khac Trong

so 3 khia C(;lnhnay thl sv hieu biet ve tfnh cach cua dan tQc khac la tot honhai yeu to con l(;limQt chut Bbi VI, tfnh cach duqc bQc lQ ro hon trong Ung

xu giua cac dan tQc honla kinh nghi~m san xuat

Ty l~ nguCricho r~ng "Hau nhu khong hieu" ve ba khia c(;lllhtren cua dantQc khac chiem gan mQt nua so nguCri duqc hoi Neu cQng vai so nguCri

"Hieu rat it" thl ty l~ len den hon 70% so nguCriduqc hoi.

Trong so 4 dan tQc , thl dan tQc Kinh duqc "hieu tot" b muc dQ cao honcac dan tQc khac SVhieu biet ve ba van de tren cua cac dan tQCdoi vOi dantQc Cham thap nhat C6 tai hon 80% so nguCriduqc hoi cua cac dan tQc chor~ng h9 "Hau nhu khong hieu" ve dan tQc nay b 3 khia C(;lnhduqc khao sat

SV hieu biet cua cac dan tQc ve ba khia c(;lnhtren doi vOi dan tQc Hoading rat h(;lnche C6 tOi hon 50% so nguCriduqc hoi cua cac dan tQc chor~ng h9 "Hau nhu khong hieu" ve dan tQc nay b 3 khia c(;lnhduqc khao sat

Nhu dff phan tfch b tren, do tfnh cach cua dan tQc Hoa va Cham la song

tuong doi kin dao, nen sVhieu biet cua cac dan tQc ve hai dan tQc la kha h(;lnche

- Dan tQc Kho me duqc cac dan tQc hieu ve phong t\lc t~p quan, tfnh cach

va kinh nghi~m san xuat cua dan tQc nay dUng sau dan tQc Kinh va hon dantQc Hoa va Cham