PREPARATION SERIES FOR THE NEW TOEIC TEST PART 3

-dom : wisdomn, kingdomn at the end of a word means: • state or condition • domain, position, rank • a group with position, office, or rank • wise+dom means the state of understanding

Introductory Course

PART 5

INCOMPLETE SENTENCES

Reading

These are the directions for the Part 5 of

the new TOEIC test Study them now If

you understand these directions now,

you will not have to read them during the

test.

• Adjective endings : -able, -ible,

al, -ful,- ish, -ive:

cap able , poss ible , chemic al , wonder ful , redd ish ,

representat ive

• Adverb endings: -ly, -ward, -wise:

quick ly , for ward , after ward , anticlock wise , length wise ,

arch wise , cross wise , like wise

• Verb endings : -en, -ify, -ize length en , ampl ify , liquid ize Practice (page 110)

• WORD FAMILIES

are words that look alike but have

different endings.

Ex: care  care ful / careful ly /

careful ness

Identity  identic al / identical ly /

ident ify

• Noun endings: -ance, -ancy,

- ence, - ation, -dom, -ism,

-ment, -ness, -ship, -or, -er,

-ion :

appli ance , account ancy , friend ship ,

intellig ence , organiz ation , free dom ,

commun ism , move ment , ill ness ,

operat or , read er , nat ion,

Noun Suffixes

These are common endings for nouns If you see these endings on

a word, then you know it must be a noun.

-dom : wisdom(n), kingdom(n)

at the end of a word means:

• state or condition

• domain, position, rank

• a group with position, office, or rank

• wise+dom means the state of understanding what is good, right and

lasting

• king+dom means the domain or area belonging to a king

-ity : capability(n), flexibility(n)

at the end of a word means condition or quality of

• capable+ity means the condition of being capable.

• flexible+ity means the quality of being flexible

-ment : contentment(n)

at the end of a word means act of ; state of ; result of

• content+ment means the state of being satisfied (content)

-sion, -tion: celebration (n)

at the end of a word means act of ; state of

• celebrate+tion means the act of celebrating

-ness: toughness (n)

at the end of a word means state of

• tough+ness means the state of being tough

-ance, -ence: assistance (n)

at the end of a word means act of ; state of ; quality of

• assist+ance means act of giving help

-er, -or: fighter (n), actor (n)

at the end of a word means one who ; that which

• fight+er means one who fights

act+or means one who acts.

-ist: violinist (n)

at the end of a word also means one who ; that which

• violin+ist means one who plays the violin

Adjective Suffixes

These are common word endings for adjectives If you see these ending at the end of a word, you can be certain it is an adjective.

-ive: extensive(adj), selective(adj)

at the end of a word means doing or tending toward doing

some action

• extend+ive means doing something large in range or

amount

• select+ive means tending to select

-en : wooden (adj)

at the end of a word means made of

• wood+en means made of wood.

• Note : When the word is an adjective, the -en means made of We have seen -en at the end of a verb There it means to make

-ic: heroic (adj), poetic (adj)

at the end of a word means characteristic of ; like

• hero+ic means characteristic of a hero.

• poet+ic means characteristic of (or like) poets or poetry

-al: financial (adj), manual (adj)

sometimes makes an adjective; when it makes an adjective it means relating to

• finance+al means relating to finance (Finance means

money.)

• manu+al means relating to the hand (Manus means hand in

Latin.)

-able: portable (adj), pleasurable (adj)

at the end of a word means able ; can ; or giving

• port+able means can be carried; able to be carried.

• pleasure+able means giving pleasure

-y: hairy (adj), rainy (adj): at the end of a word means having

• hair+y means having hair (a lot of hair).

• rain+y means having rain

-ous: mysterious (adj): at the end of a word means full of .

• mystery+ous means full of mystery

-ful: hopeful (adj), beautiful (adj):

at the end of a word means full of ; having

• hope+ful means full of hope.

• beauty+ful means full of beauty.

Note : The suffix -ful is always spelled with one l; the word

full has two

-less: powerless (adj), homeless(adj)

• at the end of a word means without

• power+less means without power.

• home+less means without a home

Verb Suffixes

These are common endings for verbs If you see these endings on a word, then the word is most likely a verb -en: brighten (v), soften (v)

at the end of a word means to make

• bright+en means to make bright.

• soft+en means to make soft

-ize: publicize (v)

at the end of a word means to make

• public+ize means to make public or to make the public

aware of

-ate: activate(v), differentiate(v)

at then end of a word means to have or be characterized by

• active+ate means to make active.

• different+ate means to make or show a difference

-ify or -fy: simplify(v)

at the end of a word means to cause to become or to make

• simple+ify means to make simple or simpler.

Adverb Suffixes

This is the most common ending for an adverb If you see this ending on a word, you can be fairly certain that it is an adverb However, keep in mind that not all adverbs end this way.

-ly: quickly (adv)

at the end of a word almost always makes an adverb;

occasionally it will make an adjective

• quick+ly

-wise: clockwise # anticlockwise (adv, adj): indicating direction

or manner

• Clockwise means in the direction in which the hands of a clock rotates.

SIMILAR WORDS

are words having the same roof,

prefix or suffix or similar spelling

Thai, tie / Wales, whales / Greece, grease / Nice, niece / Pole, poll / gray, grey / lead, led/ die, dye/ flour, flower / bean, been / board, bored /

be, bee / sun, son/ for/ four/ two, too/ rose, rows / way, weigh/ pour, poor / ion, iron / right, write/ advice, advise / affect, effect /axe, acts/ facts, fax / formerly, formally/ halve, have/ liar, layer/ close, clothes /picture, pitcher / prince, prints / presence, presents /tense, tents/ weather, whether / dear, deer/ praise, prays/raise, rays /

Practice (page 112)

Ex:

1 The manager will except the

gift

The manager will accept the gift

2 Do you have change for a

ten-dollar currency?

Do you have change for a

ten-dollar bill ?

3 The athlete does not want to

loose the race

The athlete does not want to

lose the race

PREPOSITIONS She likes to jog in the morning.

It's too cold in winter to run outside.

He started the job in 1971.

He's going to quit in August.

•Prepositions of Place: at, on, and in

• We use at for specific addresses Grammar English lives at 55 Boretz Road in Durham.

• We use on to designate names of streets, avenues, etc.

Her house is on Boretz Road.

• And we use in for the names of land-areas (towns, counties, states, countries, and continents).

She lives in Durham.

Durham is in Windham County

Windham County is in Connecticut.

words or groups of words, such as

in, from, to, out of and on behalf of,

used before a noun or pronoun to

show place, position, time or

method

• Prepositions of Time: at, on, and

in

• We use at to designate specific

times.

The train is due at 12:15 p.m.

• We use on to designate days and

dates.

My brother is coming on Monday.

We're having a party on the Fourth

of July.

• We use in for nonspecific times

during a day, a month, a season, or

a year.

ON the bed the ceiling the floor the horse the plane the train

NO PREPOSITION downstairs

downtown inside

outside upstairs uptown You may sometimes use different prepositions for these locations.

Prepositions of Location:

in, at, and on

and No Preposition

IN

(the) bed

the bedroom

the car

(the) class

the library

school

AT

class

home

the library

the office

school

work

• We're moving toward the light.

This is a big step towards the project's completion.

• With the words home, downtown, uptown,

inside, outside, downstairs, upstairs, we use

no preposition.

Grandma went upstairs Grandpa went home.

They both went outside.

Prepositions of Time: for and since

• We use for when we measure time (seconds, minutes, hours, days, months, years).

He held his breath for seven minutes.

She's lived there for seven years.

The British and Irish have been quarreling for seven centuries.

• We use since with a specific date or time.

He's worked here since 1970.

She's been sitting in the waiting room since two-thirty

Prepositions of

Movement: to

and No Preposition

We use to in order to

express movement

toward a place.

They were driving to

work together.

She's going to the

dentist's office this

morning.

Toward and towards are

also helpful prepositions

to express movement

These are simply variant

spellings of the same

word; use whichever

sounds better to you.

2 I'll be ready to leave about twenty minutes

a in

b on

c at

3 Since Juan met his new girlfriend, he never seems to be home

a on

b in

c at

4 The child responded to his mother's demands throwing a tantrum

a with

b by

c from

5 I think she spent the entire afternoon the phone

a on

b in

c at

Quiz on Prepositions

Instructions: For each

question, choose the single

best answer Make your

choice by clicking on its

button You can change your

answers at any time When the

quiz is graded, the correct

answers will appear in the box

after each question

The script that makes this

quiz work was graciously

provided by Professor Bradley

Kjell of the Computer Science

Department at Central

Connecticut State University.

1 My best friend lives

Boretz Road

a in

b on

c at

10 What are the main ingredients this casserole?

a about

b to

c of

11 My best friend, John, is named his great-grandfather

a after

b to

c about

12 Grandpa stayed up two in the morning

a since

b for

c until

13 My parents have been married forty-nine years

a since

b for

c Until

14 He usually travels to Philadelphia _ train

a by

b at

c with

6 I will wait 6:30, but

then I'm going home

a from

b at

c until

7 The police caught the thief

_ the corner of Cascade

and Plum Streets

a in

b at

c from

8 My fingers were injured so

my sister had to write the note

_ me

a for

b with

c to

9 I am not interested _

buying a new car now

a to

b for

c in

18 The professor _ South Africa amazed the American students with her stories

a from

b of

c in

19 I'll see you home when I get there

a in

b by

c at

20 It's been snowing Christmas morning

a since

b for

c until

Practice (page 114)

15 You frequently see this kind of

violence television

a with

b in

c on

16 I told Mom we'd be home

an hour or so

a to

b in

c at

17 I was visiting my best friend

_ the hospital

a of

b at

c in

CONJUNCTIONS