Passive voice review

- Trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt sau BY + O VD: Nina have bought these pens for 2 hours... - Nếu túc từ trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng WITH +

GRAMMAR

Active: S + V + O

Passive: S + be + VII + by + O

Các chủ ngữ I, we, you, they, he, she, one, everyone, no one, people… trong câu chủ động

thường được bỏ đi trong câu bị động

Công thức chung của các dạng câu bị động là: S+BE+Vpast participle (PII), tương ứng với các thì

trong tiếng anh thì cấu trúc câu bị động sẽ có dạng:

Simple Present S + V + O S + be + VII + by + O

Present

Continuous

S + am/is/are + V-ing + O S + am/is/are + being + VII + by + O

Present Perfect S + has/have + VII + O S + has/have + been + VII + by + O

Present Perfect

Continous

S + has/have + been + Ving + O S + have/been + being + VII + by + O

Simple Past S + V-ed + O S + was/were + VII + by + O

Past Continuous S + was/were + V-ing + O S + was/were + being + VII + by + O Past Perfect S + had + VII + O S + had + been + VII + by + O

Past Perfect

Continous

S + had + been + Ving + O S + had + been + being + VII + by + O

Simple Future S + will/shall + V + O S + will + be + VII + by + O

Future Perfect S + will/shall + have + VII + O S + will + have + been + VII + by + O Future Perfect

S + modal Verb + have +P2

S + model verb + be + VII + by + O

S + modal Verb + have been +P2

Lưu ý: Ví trị của trạng từ và cụm trạng từ:

- Trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn thì đặt trước BY + O

VD: The police found him in the forest

He was found in the forest by the police

- Trong câu chủ động có các trạng từ chỉ thời gian thì đặt sau BY + O

VD: Nina have bought these pens for 2 hours

These pens have been bought by Nina for 2 hours

- Nếu túc từ trong câu bị động là sự vật, sự việc thì ta dùng WITH + O thay cho BY +O

VD: Ink fills the bottle The bottle is filled with ink

- Các dạng bị động đặc biệt -

Dạng 1: Động từ + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu không TO

Các động từ chỉ giác quan: feel, see, watch, notice, hear, look, watch, catch,

VD:

I saw some people enter the block

 Some people were seen to enter the block

I heard him run upstairs

He was heard to run upstairs

Dạng 2: Động từ + tân ngữ + động từ nguyên mẫu có TO (S+ V1 + O + to V2)

Bao gồm các động từ chỉ cảm xúc hoặc mong ước: like, hate, love, want, wish, prefer, hope…

- Nếu tân ngữ sau TO + V trong câu chủ động khác với chủ ngữ trong câu bị động thì dạng

bị động là:

VD:

I want somebody to take photographs

I want photographs to be taken

I didn’t expect the police to find my car

I didn’t my car to be found by the police

- Nếu tân ngữ sau TO + V chỉ cùng một đối tượng với chủ ngữ của câu thì dạng bị động là:

VD:

He likes people to call him ‘Sir’

He likes to be called ‘Sir’

I prefer you to call me by my first name

I prefer to be called by my first name

VD:

People don’t expect the police to find out the stolen car

The police aren’t expected to find out the stolen car

Dạng 3: Động từ + tân ngữ + danh động từ ( S + V + O + Ving+…)

Các động từ : see, hear, find, stop, keep,…

- Khi tân ngữ và chủ từ khác nhau thì bị động ở dạng (tân ngữ sau Ving):

O + be + VII + Ving +…

VD:

He kept me waiting  I was kept wating

They saw the lorry running down the hill The lorry was seen running down the hill

- Khi tân ngữ và chủ từ cùng chỉ một động đối tượng thì bị động ở dạng:

S + V + being + VII + …

VD:

He doesn’t like people laughing at him

He doesn’t like being laughed at

Dang 4: Động từ có hai tân ngữ (O1 tân ngữ trực tiếp, O2 tân ngữ gián tiếp)

VD: Harry gave me a new watch yesterday

 I was gave a new watch yesterday

 A new watch was gaved to me yesterday

Note: dùng “for O1” với động từ BUY,

Eg: Susan bought an English book for Tom =

 Tom was bought an English

 An English book was bought for Tom

Dạng 5: Mệnh đề chứa THAT

Khi một mệnh đề chứa that (có nghĩa là rằng) được dùng như là túc từ cho một trong số những

động từ sau:acknowledge (công nhận), assume (cho rằng), believe (tin), claim (yêu

sách), consider (cân nhắc), estimate (ước tính), feel (cảm thấy), find (tìm thấy), report (báo cáo), say (nói), think (nghĩ), understand (hiểu)…

S+ V+ O1 + O2

O1 + be + V II + O2

O2 + be + V II + to O1

People say that he is a good doctor

 It is said that he is a good doctor

We know that he was a spy

 He is know to have been a spy

They think that she is living in London

 It is thought that she is living in London

CÁCH 2: CHIA BỊ ĐỘNG Ở VẾ SAU THAT: S2 + V2

- Mệnh đề 1 ở hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề 2 ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai

S2 + is/are/am + V II 1 + to V2…

VD:

They say that she learns English perfectly

She is said to learn English perfectly

- Mệnh đề 1 ở hiện tại đơn, mệnh đề 2 ở quá khứ đơn

S2 + is/are/am + V II 1 + to have V II 2…

VD:

They find those trees were 500 years old

Those trees are found to have been 500 years old

- Hai mệnh đề ở quá khứ đơn

S2 + was/were + V II 1 + to V2…

VD:

They thought he was one of famous singers

He was thought to be one of famous singers

- Mệnh đề 1 ở quá khứ đơn, mệnh đề 2 ở quá khứ hoàn thành

S2 + was/were + V II 1 + to have + V II 2…

VD:

She said they had done all their duties

They were said to have done all their duties

Dạng 6:Chủ ngữ giả It với mẫu câu

Eg: - It is very necessary to solve this problem

 It is very necessary for this problem to be solved

- It is impossible to mix two this components

 It is impossible for two this components to be mixed

Dang 7: Bị động mệnh lệnh thức

V + O …  Let + O + be + Ved/V3

Don’t + V+ O…  Don’t let + O + be+ Ved/V3

VD:

Do your home work before you go to school

→ Let your homework be done before

Don't let the others see you

→ Don't let yourself be seen by the others

Note: Trong một số tình huống, có thể dùng SHOULD/MUST

→ should/ must/ mustn't + be + P2P2

VD:

Don't touch this switch

→ This switch musn't be touched

Don’t use the car in case it breaks down

It is/was + Adj (important / necessary /impossible ) + to Inf + O

 It is/was + Adj (important/ necessary / impossible ) + for O + to be + V II

–> The car shouldn’t be used in case it break down

Dạng 8: Bị động với cấu trúc đặc biệt của Have, Get, Make, Let, Need

a) HAVE, GET

VD:

They had me correct the exercise yesterday

 They had the exercise corrected yesterday

They got me to correct the exercise yesterday

 They had the exercise corrected yesterday

Lưu ý: Hai công thức bị động thể nhờ vả trên còn được dùng trong trường hợp diễn tả sự việc

diễn ra không tốt đẹp

Eg: - John had all his money stolen from his hotel bedroom

- I had my house destroyed by tornado yesterday

- We got our car damaged by a falling tree

- I got my nose broken by playing rugby

b) MAKE và LET

VD:

The manager made all the employees work over the night at the weekend

All the employees were made to work over the night by the manager at the weekend

She lets her son play computer game on Sunday afternoon

Her son is allowed to play computer game on Sunday afternoon

 s.o be made to do s.th

 s.o be allowed to do s.th

HAVE, GET: SAI BẢO, NHỜ

Have + Someone + V  Have something + V3/Ved

Get + Someone + to V  Get something + V3/Ved

c) “NEED”

Need + to V-inf Need + to be + V-3/ed

Need + V-ing

VD: You need to water flowers

 Flowers need watering/to be watered

- Marry needs to paint her house

 Marry’s house needs painting/to be painted

d) It's your duty to+vinf  you're supposed to+vinf

VD:

It's your duty to make tea today

You are supposed to make tea today

e) It's impossible to+Vinf  S + can't + be + P2

VD:

It's impossible to solve this problem

This problem can't be solve

f) It's necessary to + Vinf  S + should/ must + be +P2

VD:

It's necessary for you to type this letter

This letter should/ must be typed by you

Dạng 9: Bị động dạng câu hỏi

VD:

- David broke the windows yesterday, didn’t he?

 The windows were broken by David yesterday, were not/weren’t they?

- Marry put the vase of flowers on the table yesterday, didn’t she?

 The vase of flowers was put on the table by Marry yesterday, wasn’t it?

2) Câu bị động ở dạng Yes-No Question

Các động từ khiếm khuyết: shall, ought to, must, will, would, might, may

Các trợ động từ: Do, Does, Did, Have, Be

Ví dụ 1: Does your friend eat that chocolate cake? (câu chủ động)

Bước 1: Xác định thì của câu hỏi Vì đây là thì hiện tại đơn nên ta dùng công thức bị động

→ S + am/is/are+ V3/Ved

Bước 2: Chúng ta cứ làm như một câu bị động ở thì hiện tại đơn bình thường, đừng quan tâm tới dấu chấm hỏi:

→ That chocolate cake is eaten by your friend

Bước 3: lúc này, ta mới trả dấu chấm hỏi về, và chỉ việc đưa am/is/are lên đầu câu là xong

→ Is that cake eaten by your friend?

Ví dụ 2: Did your mother tell this story?

Bước 1: Vì đây là thì quá khứ đơn nên ta dùng công thức bị động như sau: S + was/were + V3/ved

Bước 2: Chúng ta che từ “Did” đi và làm như một câu bị động ở thì quá khứ đơn, ta

có: This story was told by your mother

Bước 3: ta trả lại dấu chấm hỏi bằng cách đưa was hoặc were lên đầu câu, ta có: → Was this story told by your mother?

Dạng 1: When/why/how/where + Yes –No Question

- Where does your friend eat that chocolate cake?

Ta sẽ làm 3 bước tương tự như dạng Yes-No Question rồi cuối cùng thêm các từ When, why, how, where là xong

→ Where was that chocolate cake eaten by your friend?

Dạng 2: Câu bị động với Who + V + O

Ví dụ: Who made this cake?

→ Whom was this cake made by? = By whom was this cake made?

Dạng 3: câu bị động với What và Which

Ví dụ: Which books does your sister read?

→ Which books are read by your sister?

Ví dụ: What plays did Nam Cam write?

→ What plays were written by Nam Cao?

PASSIVE VOICE

Exercise 1: Choose the best answer by circling the corresponding letter A, B, C, or D

1/ The manager insisted ……….me a position in the company

A for offering B on offering C in offer D on offer

2/ The flight attendant reminded the man that smoking…there

A was not allowed B is not allowed C not to allow D not allow 3/ The little boy begged the lady ………… some soup

A give B gives C giving D to give

4/ They invited me the weekend with them

A spends B spend C to spend D spending

5/ He reminded me the letter

A post B to post C posting D to posting

6/ I warned Jim playing with the snakes

A for B in C of D against

7/ Mary apologized for him earlier

A not phoning B not phone C not to phone D not to phoning 8/ She advised him harder

A to study B to studying C study D studying

9/ My mother asked me the window

A open B opening C to opening D to open

10/ Susan insisted on Mary to the beach

A drive B driving C to drive D to driving

11/ Huong congratulated me on the entrance exam

A to pass B to passing C passing D passed

12/ Mr Smith thanked Linda inviting him to the party

A for B of C on D to

13/ Mary refused me any more money

A to lend B to lending C lend D lending

14/ The teacher told his students………all the homework before they ……….to class

A do/ come B to do/ come C to do/ came D do/ came 15/ The supervisor apologized………

A for be late B for being late C on being late D on be late 16/ The father told his son……… his time ………games all day

A not to waste/ play B not to waste/playing C not waste/play D.not waste/ playing 17/ The lecturer told the students not to hesitate to ask if they ……….a question

A have B has C to have D had

18/ My mother advised me ………….hope

A not lose B not to lose C not losing D not to losing

19/ She said she would visit me ………

A following day B the next day C tomorrow D next day

20/ He said he……… a busy day

A had had B have had C did have D has had

Exercise 2: Choose the correct answer to complete the sentences

1 America By Columbus in 1492

A are discovered B were discovering C is discovered D was discovere

2 Parrots and crows The most intelligent birds

A were considering B are considered C Considered D was considered

3 I still can’t believe! My bicycle last night

A was stolen B was stealing C were stolen D stole

4 Mary traffic accidents by dangerous driving

A cause B caused C are caused D which are caused

5 Many US automobiles in Detroit, Michigan

A manufacture B are manufactured C have manufactured D are manufacturing

6 Grass by fat cows on the green meadow

A are eaten B was being eaten C were being eat D was been eaten

7 So much progress That there may be space-frights to Mars

A is being made B are being made C will be made D will being made

8 Many people believe we can look forward to the day when even our household jobs like cleaning and decorating by computer-control robots

A will be doing B are being done C would be done D will be done

9 English since 2002

A have been learned B has been learnt C has to learn D have to learn

10 Your bill should before you leave the hotel

Exercise 3: Choose the underlined word or phrase or phrase in each sentence that need correcting

1 The new school will be open soon by the local government

4 A new hospital is being build in town

A B C D

5 The man were being questioned by the police then

A B C D

Exercise 4: Change these sentences into Passive voice

1 Tom delivers the mail every day ………

2 Mr John manages the export division………

3The teacher corrects our exercises………

4.Somebody calls the president every day ………

5.Where do people speak English ? ………

6 Weeds cover the riverbank

7 They use milk for making butter and cheese

8 People speak English in almost every corner of the world

9 People spend a lot of money on advertising everyday

10 No one believes his story

11 Fire destroyed that house

12.The students attended the lecture

13.The movie disappointed us very much

14.The police easily captured the thief

15.John returned the money last night

16 Smoke filled the room

17 Bob took that book from the desk

18.They started a dancing class last week

19 Mr Smith saw the accident

20 The teacher returned our written work to us

21.For the time being, Alice is teaching that group

22.John is calling the other members

23.The company is developing a new procedure