The Spread of Chinese Civilization japan, korea and vietnam

CH 13 The Spread of ChineseCivilization Japan, Korea and Vietnam... The Heian Era- Court Life  A new capital was started at Kyoto  There were strict rules for life  Poetry flourished,

CH 13 The Spread of Chinese

Civilization

Japan, Korea and Vietnam

Borrowing from the

 Intellectuals and aristocrats absorbed Chinese culture

 The common people looked to

Buddhism for comfort

 The Taika reforms were resisted by the aristocracy

 After a takeover attempt the Taika

reforms were abandoned, local lords

started their own armies

The Heian Era- Court

Life

 A new capital was started at Kyoto

 There were strict rules for life

 Poetry flourished, Chinese script was modified

 Women were very involved in court life

Lady Murasaki The Tale

The Decline of Imperial Power

 Aristocratic families began to take more and more control

 Fujiwara family came to dominate

 Peasants and artisans lost even more power

The Warrior Elite

Warrior leaders (BUSHI)

governed and taxed their lands for themselves, not the court

They created their own armies- SAMURAI “one who serves”

By 11th century samurai were

widespread

The warrior code valued honor and courage above all

Seppuku (ritual suicide) was

considered the way to maintain

honor in defeat

Peasants lost even more power

They became serfs

They could not move up in

class

Many looked to pure land

Buddhism for comfort

 The Minamoto emerged victorious

Military govt (Bakufu)

established at Kamakura

 Japan became a feudal state

After the Minamoto the Hojo

family came to power (Shogun)

The emperor and Minamoto

became puppet rulers

Civil wars followed for 10 years

Japan broke into 300

competing states run by

warlords (Daimyos)

TOMOE GOZEN

Comparing Japanese and

European Feudalism

 Both rose due to weak central

governments.

 Both were based on mutual

obligations and military needs

 There were differences- In Japan

family and social bonds were very

strong

 Losing in battle was the worst disgrace

Military divisions/

Social Change

 15 th and 16 th century Warfare

became deadlier and constant

KOREA

 The Tang ruled Korea till

668,remained independent till early

 Some Koreans studies for

Confucian exams, but most jobs were determined by family

connections

 Most of Korean society was

dominated by a small aristocratic elite

 All groups below them served

them- ‘low born’ virtual slaves

Periodic revolts

The burdens on the

commoners caused periodic revolts

A century of conflict till YI

dynasty established in 1392

Maintained ties with China

It lasted till 1910

SOUTHEAST ASIA VIETNAM

 They took what they wanted from Chinese culture

The Han dynasty demanded

tribute, later they conquered and ruled directly

Viets were sent to school in China

There were some revolts,

peasants never wanted Chinese control

Trung sisters led a revolt in 39

C.E

"All the male heroes bowed their heads in submission;
Only the two Only the two sisters proudly stood up to avenge the country."15th century Poem

 The great distance from China helped

the same power as in China

peasants and village rulers

instead of the ruling dynasty

Struggle for Control

Two main powers

Trihn- centered in Hanoi

Nguyen- centered in Hue

Fought for 200 years

Japan, Korea and Vietnam were influenced most because they had large farming centers

Writing, bureaucracy, religion, art were all influenced China

Each culture was mixed in how

much they borrowed

 Korea- political submission and cultural dependence

 Vietnam- conquest and control for a

1000 years

 Japan escaped direct rule, but Japan adopted many aspects of Chinese arts and government, then modified them