HƯỚNG DẪN VẮN TẮT VIẾT LUẬN THI THPTQG THI TOEFL C1...WRITING ESSAY

Tài liệu luyện viết chi tiết, bổ ích cho ai đang muốn viết luận tiếng Anh. Đặc biệt dùng cho thí sinh ôn thi THPT QG (HS khá, giỏi), luyện thi IELTS, C1, ... Tài liệu luyện viết chi tiết, bổ ích cho ai đang muốn viết luận tiếng Anh. Đặc biệt dùng cho thí sinh ôn thi THPT QG (HS khá, giỏi), luyện thi IELTS, C1, ... Tài liệu luyện viết chi tiết, bổ ích cho ai đang muốn viết luận tiếng Anh. Đặc biệt dùng cho thí sinh ôn thi THPT QG (HS khá, giỏi), luyện thi IELTS, C1, ...

LỚP LUYỆN THI ĐẠI HỌC

HUYCOMF

HƯỚNG DẪN VẮN TẮT VIẾT LUẬN

TIẾNG ANH

Internal use only

h HƯỚNG DẪN VẮN TẮT VIẾT LUẬN h

Để viết được một bài văn bằng Tiếng Anh chừng 150 từ trong 20 phút, các bạn cần chuẩn bị cách viết Outline (trong 2 phút) cùng với các cụm câu cố định để ráp vào ý của các bạn thì khi đó mới kịp giờ

Khi viết outline, các bạn cần nhớ kĩ:

- Đọc kỹ và gạch chân câu chủ đề trong đề viết

- Tổng hợp nhanh kiến thức xung quanh câu chủ đề này

- Vạch ra 3 ý chính để minh chứng cho câu chủ đề

- Ở mỗi ý chính, đưa ra được ít nhất một lí do để minh họa cho ý chính đó

- Vận dụng các cụm câu có sẵn để ráp vào bài làm

Cũng cần nhớ là một bài luận tý tưởng phải đảm bảo được 5 đoạn văn: 1 mở bài, 3 thân bài, và 1 kết

luận

1 Mở bài: Ít nhất 3 câu: Sử dụng các câu đã chuẩn bị sẵn để ráp vào như:

- Human development is a complex interplay of many factors: Sự phát triển của nhân loài là một quá trình tác động phức tạp lẫn nhau theo nhiều yếu tố

- It is a highly debatable issue whether … rather than/or …: Một vấn đề đang dấy lên tranh cãi là liệu

… hơn là/ hay …

- It is necessary to look at both arguments before forming an opinion: Thật là quan trong khi ma xem xét cả hai khía cạnh tranh luận trước khi đưa ra một ý kiến

It is irrefutable that: thật không thể chỗi cãi được rằng

- In the tendency of : trong xu thế

- In the trend of …Trong xu hướng …

- Bellow I will give some of my reasons to support my position: Sau đây là một vài lý do để làm sáng

tỏ quan điểm của tôi

- I cling to = I trongly agree with

- I adhere to …

- …

2 Thân bài: 3 đoạn văn, mỗi đoạn ít nhất 3 câu

Cần lưu ý ở thân bài, khi viết, các bạn phải sử dụng câu cú ngắn gọn, xúc tích, có minh chứng cụ thể khi đưa ra quan điểm Do vậy mà các từ nối không bao giờ thiếu được

Ở giữa các đoạn văn các bạn có thể dùng từ nối:

- First of all  second  finally

- First of all  second of all  last but not least (cuối cùng nhưng không phải là tất cả)

- The first and foremost advantage of Ving … is that: Đầu tiên và cũng là quan trọng nhất về … chính

là

- On the positive side: Xét về mặt tích cực thì

- On the downside/ On the negative side: Xét về mặt tiêu cực thì

- What is more, thêm nữa

- It is an undeniable fact that: thật không thể phủ nhận thực tế là

- There is no doubt that: không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa

- No wonder why: Đừng hỏi tại sao…

- What is more, thêm nữa

- It is a well known fact that: Có một thực tế phổ biến là

- On the one hand = in one word: Một mặt  On the other hand = in other word: Mặt khác  last but not least

- Moreover/ Furthermore

- However/ Nevertheless/ Nonetheless

- The first difficulty I had to face in… was…: Khó khăn đầu tiên tôi phải đối mặt … là

- The second problem I had to face in… was …: Khó khăn thứ hai tôi phải đối mặt … là

- As regrads + N = In connection with: Nói về vấn đề gì … thì

- My major argument is that: Vấn đề chính tôi cần tranh luận là

- From the one side: một mặt

- From the other side: mặt khác

- In addition, thêm nữa

- In addition to: thêm vào…

- There are a few drawbacks however.: Tuy nhiên, cũng có một ít trở ngại/ không thuận lợi

- To take a measure: để đưa ra biện pháp

- As a result (of): Hậu quả/ Kết quả là …

- As far as I know/ am concerned: Theo như sự hiểu biết của tôi thi…

- …

3 Kết luận: 3 câu

Câu 1 Nói lại 3 ý chính trong phần thân bài để khẳng định cho đề bài

Câu 2 Gợi ý hoặc đề xuất một hướng tích cực hoặc có giáo dục

Câu 3 (không bắt buộc) Kết bài xúc tích

Một số từ đi kèm:

- To put it in a nutshell: nói tóm lại

- On balance: Sau khi cân nhắc kĩ lưỡng

Các cụm từ bổ trợ khác:

Albeit/Notwithstanding/Much as

Cả ba từ trên đều đồng nghĩa với từ though/although/even though/in spite of (despite) the fact that, có nghĩa

là mặc dù Cách sử dụng các từ trên là giống nhau: thường được dùng ở đầu câu, hoặc giữa câu để ngăn cách hai mệnh đề

By contrast/On the contrary

By contrast/ On the contrary dùng để so sánh hai câu trái ngược nhau

Adv + speaking

Về mặt… (politically speaking, economically speaking, educationally speaking, actually speaking,…)

Những từ dùng để thêm thông tin

 and (và)

 also (cũng)

 besides (ngoài ra)

 first, second, third… (thứ nhất, thứ hai, thứ ba…)

 in addition (thêm vào đó)

 in the first place, in the second place, in the third place (ở nơi thứ nhất, ở nơi thứ hai, ở nơi thứ ba)

 furthermore (xa hơn nữa)

 moreover (thêm vào đó)

 to begin with, next, finally (bắt đầu với, tiếp theo là, cuối cùng là)

Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ nguyên nhân, hệ quả

 Accordingly (Theo như)

 and so (và vì thế)

 as a result (Kết quả là)

 consequently (Do đó)

 for this reason (Vì lý do này nên)

 hence, so, therefore, thus (Vì vậy)

 then (Sau đó)

Những dấu hiệu chỉ sự so sánh

 by the same token (bằng những bằng chứng tương tự như thế)

 in like manner (theo cách tương tự)

 in the same way (theo cách giống như thế)

 in similar fashion (theo cách tương tự thế)

 likewise, similarly (tương tự thế)

Những dấu hiệu chỉ sự đối lập

 but, yet (nhưng)

 however, nevertheless (tuy nhiên)

 in contrast, on the contrary (Đối lập với)

 after all (sau tất cả)

 at last, finally (cuối cùng)

 in brief (nói chung)

 in closing (tóm lại là)

 in conclusion (kết luận lại thì)

 on the whole (nói chung)

Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ địa điểm

 above (phía trên)

 alongside (dọc)

 beneath (ngay phía dưới)

 beyond (phía ngoài)

 farther along (xa hơn dọc theo…)

 in back (phía sau)

 in front (phía trước)

 nearby (gần)

 on top of (trên đỉnh của)

 to the left (về phía bên trái)

 to the right (về phía bên phải)

 under (phía dưới)

 upon (phía trên)

Những từ dấu hiệu chỉ sự nhắc lại

 in other words (nói cách khác)

 in short (nói ngắn gọn lại thì)

 in simpler terms (nói theo một cách đơn giản hơn)

 at the same time (cùng thời điểm)

 currently (hiện tại)

 earlier (sớm hơn)

 formerly (trước đó)

 immediately (ngay lập tức)

 in the future (trong tương lai)

 in the meantime (trong khi chờ đợi)

 in the past (trong quá khứ)

 later (muộn hơn)

 meanwhile (trong khi đó)

 previously (trước đó)

 simultaneously (đồng thời)

 subsequently (sau đó)

 then (sau đó)

 until now (cho đến bây giờ)

Emphasize your Opinion Nhấn mạnh ý kiến)

 It seems to me that (Với tôi, dường như là )

 In my opinion, (Theo ý kiến tôi thì…)

 I am of the opinion that / I take the view that (ý kiến của tôi là/ Tôi nhìn nhận vấn đề này là)

 My personal view is that (Quan điểm của riêng tôi là…)

 In my experience (Theo kinh nghiệm của tôi thì…)

 As far as I understand / can see (Theo như tôi hiểu thì…)

 As I see it, / From my point of view (Theo tôi/ theo quan điểm của tôi)

As far as I know / From what I know (Theo tôi biết thì…/ Từ những gì tôi biết thì…)

 I believe one can (safely) say (Tôi tin rằng…)

 It is claimed that (Tôi tuyên bố rằng…)

 I must admit that (Tôi phải thừa nhận rằng…)

 I think/believe/suppose (Tôi nghĩ/ tin/ cho là…)

 That is why I think (Đó là lý do tại sao tôi nghĩ rằng…)

 I am sure/certain/convinced that (Tôi chắc chắn rằng….)

tate your own opinion Đưa ra quan điểm riêng)

 I might be wrong but (Có thể tôi sai nhưng…)

 If I am not mistaken (Nếu tôi không nhầm thì…)

 I cannot deny that (Tôi không thể phủ nhận rằng….)

 I can imagine that (Tôi có thể tưởng tượng thế này….)

 Personally, I think (Cá nhân tôi nghĩ rằng….)

 I am not sure/certain, but (Tôi không chắc nhưng…)

 I am not sure, because I don't know the situation exactly, but (Tôi không chắc lắm vì tôi không biết

cụ thể tình huống như thế nào)

 I have read that (Tôi đã đọc được rằng…)

 I am of mixed opinions (about/ on) (Tôi đang phân vân về việc…)

 I have no opinion in this matter (Tôi không có ý kiến gì về việc này)

Outlining Facts Chỉ ra điều hiển nhiên)

The fact is that … (Thực tế là…)

 The (main) point is that (Ý chính ở đây là…)

 This proves that (Điều này chứng tỏ rẳng…)

 What it comes down to is that (Theo những gì được truyền lại thì…)

 It is obvious that (Hiển nhiên là…)

 It is certain that (Tất nhiên là….)

 One can say that (Có thể nói là…)

 It is clear that (Rõ ràng rằng….)

 There is no doubt that (Không còn nghi ngờ gì nữa….)

au khi viết xong, cần nhanh chóng kiểm tra:

- Lỗi chính tả

- Lỗi ngữ pháp

- Đọc lướt lại bài văn xem đã logic hay mạch lạc chưa

- Chắc chẵn mỗi đoạn văn phải có một câu chủ đề

- Xem sự hòa hợp giữa chủ - vị đã ổn chưa

- Xem thì theo câu đã ổn chưa

- Chắc chắn mỗi câu viết ra là rõ ràng và có nghĩa

Ví dụ khi bạn viết về nghề tương lai bạn chọn:

1/ Viết câu chủ đề (cần triệt để lợi dụng đề bài để viết thành câu chủ đề.)

2/ Kiểm tra lại câu chủ đề để biết chắc trong câu chủ đề có topic và controlling idea

3/ Tìm ý để chứng minh/diễn giải ý chính bằng cách đặt các câu hỏi mở đầu bằng từ nghi vấn Lưu

ý: do độ dài của đoạn văn bị khống chế nên các em chỉ cần đặt khoảng 3-5 câu hỏi là được Nhớ rằng các câu hỏi phải liên quan đến câu chủ đề

4/ Ráp các câu trả lời cho các câu hỏi (supporting sentences) lại thành một đoạn văn hoàn chỉnh

Cần nhớ mấu chốt ở bước này là phải biết chắc mình đang sử dụng trật tự nào để ráp nối supporting sentences

5/ Cân nhắc có nên viết câu kết hay không Nếu không chắc chắn thì bỏ qua bước này

6/ Kiểm tra lại các lỗi chính tả, lỗi ngữ pháp có thể có trong từng câu viết của bạn Lưu ý: cũng như phần viết thư, các em chỉ nên dùng những loại câu đơn giản như câu đơn, câu kép, câu phức Nói

chung, từ ngữ, cách diễn đạt càng rõ ràng, càng đơn giản càng tốt.

Bài viết gợi ý:

In our life, choosing a job is one of the most important decisions we have to make For me, I want to be an English teacher when I finish my education I adhere to this job because of some reasons below

The first reason I choose this kind of job is that being an English teacher, I can improve my own English knowledge Actually, I love English very much, since I was a child, I have realized that English can bring me a lot

of things from entertainment to other academic fields If I am an English teacher in the future, I will have more time to learn English with my student when I convey the knowledge to them

Another reason of being a teacher is my interest in working with children As you know, children have young and naive mind, they do things in natural ways that adults cannot act the same Therefore, I am sure that you will never feel sad because of your old age when working with them This energetic generation will help you overcome all problems that you have in your lives

Last but not least, I want to contribute my life to children’s education As a teacher, I can help my students open their mind with the knowledge that the world has gained Especially, I will help my lovely students in my hometown, a remote and mountainous province, succeed in their education and bring a new face to my country

I believe in a Chinese proverb: “give a man a fish and he will eat for a day; teach a man to fish and he will eat for

a lifetime”

In conclusion, I know becoming an English teacher is not easy, but I will try my best to get over all challenges that occur in the future, including this entrance examination I am facing to.

Xắp xếp các đoạn sau thành một bài hoàn chỉnh:

People try new dangerous sports such as sky-diving or rock climbing Should such sports be banned?

1 Furthermore, if government bans such sports, it could be viewed as an infringement of the rights

Those who choose to participate in these sports know the consequences They know very well what is good

or bad for them They argue that if such sports are banned, then all those other things that are harmful for individuals should be banned like smoking, drinking and eating fast foods

2 To put it in a nutshell, I pen down saying that, such sports should be performed after sufficient

training and under supervision of experts Dangerous sport companies should require a license for providing such training To lay a ban on such sports is not the answer

3 In recent years we have seen a considerable rise in dangerous or extreme sports Although I do not

support an outright ban on such sports, I do feel that the government should regulate such sports so that they are played under supervision which will minimize the risks

4 What is more, those sportsmen who excel in such sports bring name and fame to their country They

break records set by others and when they do so, the name of their country shines in the whole world

5 It is irrefutable that dangerous or extreme sports can cause injury or even death to the individuals

However, banning such sports is not the answer Instead, the government should ensure that the companies

or centres which provide the facilities for such sports should meet the required, legal safety standards Another argument against banning is that then people would play them in hiding and then they would be even more risky After all we all know that forbidden fruits taste sweeter

Some people claim that there are more disadvantages of the car than its advantages Do you agree or disagree?

1 Furthermore, the automobile industry provides jobs to millions of workers Filling stations,

restaurants, and other businesses that serve automobile travelers are of major importance to a country„s economy In addition, many developing nations have begun making automobiles to boost their economy That is why India has promoted many automobile manufacturing industries such as Tata and Mahindra

2 There are many advantages of car The most important advantage is that it has given people freedom

of movement The ease of transportation which a car brings is more than any other form of transportation For instance, you can go from destination to destination and no time is wasted waiting for the bus or train Therefore, time and distance are not a barrier any more What is more, families can go out together This becomes especially helpful when there are elderly or the disabled and sick members in the family

3 On balance, the advantages to people„s lives and the economic impact created by the car definitely

outweigh the disadvantages However, we must know when and how-much to use the car so that we can minimize the demerits to some extent

4 On the other hand the disadvantages of the car cannot be overlooked The increase in pollution,

traffic jams and accidents are the natural sequelae to the burgeoning population of cars Moreover, our overdependence on cars can lead to decrease in practices such as walking and cycling and this has led to a number of diseases such as obesity

5 Someone has rightly said that –“The car has become an article of dress without which we feel

uncertain, unclad, and incomplete” In my opinion, the advantages of the car outstrip its disadvantages

The computers are widely used in education and some people think that teachers do not play an important role in the classroom To what extent do you agree?

1 Furthermore, teachers can stimulate interest and it is an undeniable fact that interested stimulated

people tend to learn more They can keep students focused on study A student studying by himself may get bored and stop studying Teachers can provide a faster and simpler way to present information to the students They can come down to the level of a student and so are definitely better than computers What is more, teachers are role models for students They are scholars in action They not only teach academic subjects, but also many social skills

2 It is irrefutable that computers have become an indispensable part of education but I disagree that

teachers do not play a significant role in the classroom I believe that no amount of technology can ever replace the teacher In the following paragraphs, I intend to support my views with my arguments

3 To put it in a nutshell, I can say that, no doubt computers are being used in the classrooms but they

can never replace the teacher

4 On the other hand, it is also true that the use of computers in today„s classrooms is also the need of

the day Teachers should use computers to add innovation to their teaching methods Power point presentations can make even the dull and boring subjects seem interesting So computers and teachers should not be treated as rivals to each other They should play a complementary role so that today„s classrooms become very interesting and our children can compete with other children of this global village

5 It is an undeniable fact that teachers can never lose their importance In learning and practice of more

complex ideas, the computer is not adequate It can tell if the answer is right or wrong but it cannot tell where the student went wrong Tasks involving reasoning cannot be taught using computers Moreover, teachers add their own knowledge gained through experience to that of books and other resources

People attend college or university for many different reasons (for example, new experiences, career preparation, increased knowledge) Why do you think people attend college or university? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer

1 People attend colleges or universities for a lot of different reasons I believe that the three most

common reasons are to prepare for a career, to have new experiences, and to increase their knowledge of themselves and the world around them

2 Besides looking for self-knowledge, people also attend a university or college to expand their

knowledge in subjects they find interesting For many, this will be their last chance for a long time to learn about something that doesn‟t relate to their career

3 Also, students go to colleges and universities to have new experiences This often means having the

opportunity to meet people different from those in their hometowns For most students, going to college is the first time they‟ve been away from home by themselves In additions, this is the first time they‟ve had to make decisions on their own Making these decisions increases their knowledge of themselves

4 Overall, I would recommend that people not be so focused on a career They should go to college to

have new experiences and learn about themselves and the world they live in

5 Career preparation is becoming more and more important to young people For many, this is the

primary reason to go to college, They know that the job market is competitive At college, they can learn new skill for careers with a lot of opportunities This means careers, such as information technology, that are expected to need a large workforce in the coming years

Some people believe that a college or university education should be available to all students Others believe that higher education should be available only to good students Discuss these views Which view do you agree with? Explain why

1 Finally, it is a discrimination against students to make available higher education only for good ones

So, if a student does poor and gets low grades he/she should be sent down But if a person was never given

a chance to try himself/herself at college what to do in this case?

2 To sum up, I think that all young people should have the chance to get a higher education To take or

not this chance must be up to them

3 Second of all, some young people do not do well at school but they have great personality and ability

to learn They are self-confident, persistent and patient With these qualities they can get higher grades then their classmates who are talented but lazy Imagine for example situation when a teenager gets high grades because his or her parents constantly make him or her study and help to do most of the homework In this case a child does very well at school but I think a college can show the opposite results

4 First of all, every person should have the chance to get a higher degree, gain new knowledge and

experience However, some people believe that higher education should be available only to good students

I think it is silly It is like to make unavailable traveling for one who does not have IQ high enough

5 People learn through their entire lives They constantly improve their knowledge and develop I think

that a college or university education should be available to all students because every person has the right

to choose the way to self-perfection Bellow I will give some of my reasons to support my position

Write to describe your life in the 20 years’ time

1 For lifestyle, I hope I will have balanced diets, live healthily and actively I may get married to the

one I love and we plan to have one or two kids I will spend as much time for my family as possible We will travel to different countries in the world on our yearly holiday of course We will also afford weekly or monthly trips to beauty spots throughout the country

2 Studying will change, too In 20 years‟ time, it is likely that I will take various professional courses,

and I tend to have several MA or PhD degrees in some different fields such as economy, education, and culture I will probably enroll in different courses to get higher and higher diplomas

3 In my dream, I am likely to keep in touch with all high school and university friends There will

always be available most up-to-date means of comunications for me to have good realationships with relatives, friends, colleagues, partners, or even acquaintances

4 It is obvious that no one knows for sure what his tomorrow will be like, but he can make guesses For

me, it is likely that my 20 years‟ time life will be very different from what it is now

5 Transportation means are also my concern I will then own some most fashionable hybrid luxurious

cars to use in different occasions I will travel by air whenever travelling in distances

6 Take work first for example, I think I will get a good job which I very much want to do There is a

tendency that I will start up my own business then I may invest in stock market and make a great fortune I will at that time be satisfied with what I earn, and never worry about finacial matters

7 In the future, I will live in a big house with modernly-equiped living rooms, bedrooms, kitchen,

toilets and an open air space garden in front of a four-car garage As I love animals very much, I will raise

some pets in my house including some different kinds of dogs, cats, parrots, doves, and others

8 Naturally, the future is not ours to see, but we have rights lo lead our own life, to shape our thinking,

to build up our future As I am an optimistic and dynamic man, I will try my best to realize my dreams to

make our wishes become true some day

Hãy lập Outline cho các đề bài sau:

1 Nowadays we are producing more and more rubbish Why do you think this is happening? What can governments do to help reduce the amount of rubbish produced?

Mở bài:

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2 Internet when used as a source of information, has more drawbacks than advantages To what extent do you agree with this statement? Mở bài:

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3 In some countries children have very strict rules of behaviour, in other countries they are allowed to do almost anything they want To what extent should children have to follow rules?

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4 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Parents are the best teachers Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Mở bài:

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5 It is better for children to grow up in the countryside than in a big city Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to develop your essay Mở bài:

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6 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should begin learning a foreign language as soon as they start school Use specific reasons and examples to support your opinion Mở bài:

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7 Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Children should be required to help with household tasks as soon as they are able to do so Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Mở bài:

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8 In Britain, when someone gets old they often go to live in a home with other old people where there are nurses to look after them Do you agree or disagree? Use specific reasons and examples to support your answer Mở bài:

Thân bài: - Ý 1:

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9 All education, primary, secondary and further education, should be free to all people and paid for by the government Do you agree or disagree with this statement? Mở bài: