SuXi tap bao gom hPn 100 hien vat la phiTPng tien, do diang, trang phuc trong cung dinh, da phan la loai doc ban quy hiem nhu': vu'dng mien ciia Vua, la loai vu'Png mien diic bang vang,
Trang 1d d i t r e n V U n g d a t n a y d a C 6 r n n ngifrti »;inh >inno (i th(-fj
T i e n sur v a Sd sur m a n h S n g h7lf4?i/kJ(^J:fấ l^^^fj^cp [j^ji^
Trang 2yeu to'ca'u thanh ddi song vSn h6a tinh than va tarn linh cua cong dong
c a c dan toe
NhUng thiet che ton giao, tin ngU'Sng va van hoa do la nhiing di
sin daoc ket tinh lai qua ban tay, khoi 6c ciia ong cha chung ta, qua
nhieu the he, dUdc boi dap va giiJ gin den ngay nay da ca'u thanh cac
di tich lich su" van hoa va danh lam thang canh Vdi nhffng thong tin
ngin ggn, ket hdp hinh anh minh hoa, npi dung cuon sdch nho " D i tich
lich suf - van hoa Binh Thuan" ngoai y nghia, noi dung lich su* van hoa
ciia cac di tich con mang den cho ngu'di doc niem tif hao ve lich su",
truyen thong manh dat con ngUdi Binh Thuan tren 300 nam xay du"ng
va phat trien Hy vong nhiJng di tich lich su" - van hoa va danh lam
thang canh dUdc gidi thieu se gop phan thu hiit dong dao nhan dan va
du khach trong va ngoai nUdc den tham quan, hu'dng ngoan cac gia tri
van hoa, truyen thong di tich va danh thang
Cuon sach bu-dc dau mdi tap hdp, gidi thieu va minh hoa mot so
di tich va danh thang d Binh Thuan mot each tom lUOc Trong nam 2002
da xuat ban 3000 cuon va du'de nhieu ban doc hoan nghenh, nay theo
yeu cau cua ban doc, cong ty Co phan Sach - Dich Vu Van Hoa Binh
Thuan tai ban lai Ian thiJ 2 c6 chinh siJa lai mot so chi tiet npi dung va
hinh thii'c, mpng thpa man du'de yeu cau nhieu doi tu'dng ban dpc, du
khach nghien eiJu tham quan khac nhau Chung toi ra't mong diTdc ban
dpc gop y kien
X i n tran trpng gidi thieu cuR'n sach ciang ban dpc
Cong ty C P Phan Sach - Dich Vu Van Hda Binh Thuan Chu tich H o i dpng Quan Tri kiem Giam DPC
Nguyen Van Hung
4
INTRODUCTION
Binh Thuan is the Middle's final land area, leaning against the East on the south and bordering with Lam Dong on the west by the mountain and forest Binh Thuan has long seashore, is lands as well as plain areas and mountainous regions Those natural characteristics themselves were favorable conditions for some people
to live on this land region in the periods of Prehistory and Primitive history whose discovered and excavated archaeological ancient relics vividly proved on the past cultures of archaeology
At the beginning of the era, a lot of peoples and kingdoms also left their developing cultures until today Among them, Champa kingdom was one of the powerful kingdoms in several centuries in the ancient times and Medieval with a brightly - developing culture on an equal footing with other countries in the area They have left a large amount of cultural heritage with many values on plentiful and varied architecture, art, folk culture and a system of periodic religious celebrations, especially on the architecture with several groups of tower temples and worship temples
In the process of broadening the country in the South and since the establishment of Binh Thuan province (in 1697), the Vietnamese people have inherited Cham people's cultural achievements and partly from other ethnic minorities', in prder to build a traditional culture developing through each historical period on the basis of our Ancestors' cultural customs and habits creating
a united culture in variety For over 300 historical years, the generations of our ancient Forefathers have left hundreds of valuable places of historical interest on Binh Thuan land Those are architectural projects such as: towers Communal houses, pagodas, temples, shrines, mausoleums, royal tombs etc In the old times, these were
Trang 3factors contributing to make the peoples' spiritual and mental
cultural lives in the community
The institutions of reHgions, religious beliefs and cultures
are the heritages crystallized by our fore-fathers' hands and minds
through a lot of generations and they have been improved and
preserved until now to form the cultural and historical places of
interest and scenic beauty and famous ancient relics With brief
information combined with illustrated pictures, the content of this
small book " Binh Thuan's cultural - historical places of interest"
brings the readers the pride of Binh Thuan people's history and
tradition for over 300 years of construction and development
besides its cultural and historical content and meaning about these
places of interest We hope that the cultural historical places of
interest and beauty spots recommended in this book will contribute
to attract lots of people as well as domestic and foreign tourists to
come for sight-seeing as well as to enjoy the traditional and cultural
values expressed in the places of historical interest and famous
scenic beauty in Binh Thuan - our native land
The book, initially just collects, introduce and depicts
some vestiges and beauty spots in Binh Thuan In the year of 2002
we published with the quantity of 3000, and at present, according
to demand of the readers, we republish with some amendments to
partly satisfy the demand of leaders
We would like to recommend this book to our readers
respectfully , , v
, Binhthuan Cultural Services - Books Share Company
Chairman of Management Council holding Director
Hung, Nguyen Van
va H u y n h Thuc Kha'ng k h d i xUdng Tru'dng do cac cu Nguyen Trong Loi, Nguyen Quy Anh (hai ngUcfi con cua nha van - thd yeu ntfdc Nguyen Thong) thanh lap Muc tieu cua phong trao Duy Tan
va cua tru'dng la md mang dan
tri, thiJc day y thiJc dan toe, noi gio'ng Day la tru'dng tu" thuc c6 noi dung giang day tien bo nhat
d Binh Thuan liic bay gid
Nam 1910 tren du'dng di tim phu'dng citu nu'dc, Thay giao Nguyen Tat Thanh (sau nay la Chu tich Ho Chi Minh) du'dc cu nghe Tru'dng Gia Mo gidi thieu
da den Phan Thiet va diTng chan day hoc d tru'dng Due Thanh Hoc sinh cua tru'dng c6 khoang 60 ngu'di cung 7 thay giao giang day cac bp mon : Han van, Phap van, the due the thao Thay Thanh day Idp nhi, chu yeu la day quo'c ngii', Han van Trong thdi gian day
Trang 4'™ hoc d trifdng Due
Thanh ngoai nhiJng npi dung du'Oc phan cong giang day thay Thanh con bang tinh cam ngiTdi thay, ngu'di anh
da truyen ba long yeu que hu'dng dat nifdc, noi gio'ng to tien cho hoc sinh NhCfng gid hoc ngoai khoa, nhiJng luc ranh Thay dan hoc sinh du ngoan canh dep
d thi xa Phan Thie't luc bay gid nhiTbai bien ThUdng Chanh, dong lang Thieng,
dinh lang DiJc NghTa
Vao khoang thang 2 nam 1911 thay Thanh rdi trifdng Due Thanh va
Phan Thiet vao Sai Gon vu'dt dai du'dng di tim con di/dng giai phong dan toe
Mot vai nam sau, ong Nguyen Trong Loi qua ddi, ong Nguyen Quy Anh ehuyen
vao Sai Gon, khong con ngu'di phu trach va nhieu ly do khaeh quan khac nen
tru'dng dong ciJa vao nam 1912
Ngoi tru'dng xifa Bac day da bj
h\i h6ng va dS bo tijf lau Nhu'ng trong I
so hoe sinh thay Thanh day nam xu'aj
van con 4 cu con so'ng Do la bac sTl
Nguydn Quy Phau, bac sT Nguyin Kim I
Chi, cu TiJf Trirdng Phung, cu Nguyen!
Dang Lau Sau ngay que hu'dng dirdcj
giai phong, nguyen vong cua nhan dani
la muo'n phuc che lai ngoi tru'dng Duel
Thanh xu'a de to long biet dn Bac Hoj
kinh yeu va giao due truyen tho'ng yeul
nrfde cho eac the he hien nay va mai|
sau
Nhd nhu'ng ky iJc, ky niem eiial
edc eu, vj tri ngoi tru'dng va nhu'ng thanhl
phan kien true noi, ngoai that du'de hinhl
thanh qua eac ban ve va difdc difng laij
tijfnhffngnam 1978 - 1980
Nha Ngif du'de xay diTng naml
1906 va tiif nam 1908 trci di dung la ml
ndi noi trii ciia hoe sinh cung du'de khi
phuc lai
8
Bao Tang Ho Chi Minh - Phan Thiet
Ngpa du sao la ngoi nha du'de xay difng vao nam 1880 cua cu Nguyen Thong Vap nhilng nam eup'i ddi cu Nguyen Thong d tai can nha nay ngam thd binh van va luan ban cong viec vdi eac sT phu yeu nUde Liic
ci tru'dng Due Thanh thay Thanh doe sach, soan bai 5 Ngpa du sao, ngoi nha nay eung difdc tu bd lai, hien vat ben trong bi xao trpn va mat mat kha nhieu
Cay Khe, gieng nifde gin bo vdi cupe ddi lam Thay cua Bac Hp cl
Due Thanh nen np eung la diem chinh trpng Khu di tich
Nhu'ng hien vat gpc lii thdi thay Thanh day hpc den nay van cpn
lu^i gill lai : Mpt bp tru'dng ky, mpt bp van, chie'e an thu, mpt chiee tii diJng, trap van thu', nghien mai mUc, 3 ehiec ly nhp,l chie'e khay Tat ea deu cu ky
nhu'ng diTdc ca't gii? bap quan tPt DP la nhu'ng ky vat thieng lieng gan lien
vdi thdi gian va lieh siJ cua nhu'ng ngay day hpc ngan ngui d Phan Thiet cua thay giap Nguyen Tat Thanh
Ben canh Khu di tich Nha trUng bay ve cupe ddi hpat dong Cach mang cua Bac Ho cung du'de xay diTng va khanh thanh nam 1986 Di tich Due Thanh diTdc Bp Van hda thpng tin xep hang Di tich lieh su" qupc gia tai Quyet dinh sp 235/QD-BT ngay 12 thang 12 nam 1986
9
Trang 5DtJ( ^TERESTS OL : A PLACE OF
Due Thanh school was built in 1907 (also the year when Dong Kinh
Nghia Thuc school was built), located in the area of Thanh Due village now 39
Trung Nhi street Due Nghia quarter, Phan Thiet city; in order to respond to Duy
Tan movement instigated by Mr Phan Chu Trinh, Mr Tran Quy Cap and Mr
Huynh Thuc Khang This school was founded by Mr Nguyen Trong Loi and Mr
Nguyen Quy Anh (the patriotic poet - writer Nguyen Thong's two children) The
purposes of Duy Tan movement and Due Thanh school were to develop the
people's intellectual standards and to arouse the people and the race's sense
This was a private school with the most progressive teaching content in Binh
Thuan at that time
In 1910, on the way to find the solution to save the country, teacher
Nguyen Tat Thanh (later President Ho Chi Minh) came to Phan Thiet and stopped
his feet to teach at Due Thanh school according to the introduction of Mr Truong
Gia Mo - a holder of doctor's degree in Sino - Vietnamese classics The school
had about 60 pupils and 7 teachers in charge of the subjects : Chinese, French,
Sports etc Teacher Thanh taught the second class, mainly the national language
and Chinese During the time of teaching at Due Thanh school, besides the
teaching contents, teacher Thanh also propagated the love for the country and
the ancestors' race to his pupils with his love and sentiment as a teacher as well
as an older brother In extra - curricular activities in free time, he took his pupils
to visit and enjoy Phan Thiet town's beautiful sights at that time such as Thuong
Chanh beach, Thieng village's cavern, Due Nghia village's communal house
In about February 1911 teacher Thanh left Due Thanh school and Phan
Thiet for Sai Gon, crossed the ocean in order to find out the way to liberate our
people and country A few years later, Mr Nguyen Trong Loi passed away, Mr
Nguyen Quy Anh moved to Sai Gon, no one in charge more and because of many
other objective reasons, the school was closed in 1912
The old school where Uncle Ho taught was broken and knocked down a
long time ago But among the pupils teacher Thanh taught before, four have still
been alive They are doctor Nguyen Quy Phau, doctor Nguyen Kim Chi, Mr Tu
Truong Phung, Mr Nguyen Dang Lau After the liberation, the people 's
expectation was to restore the old Due Thanh school in order to show their
gratitude to our beloved Uncle Ho and to educate the tradition of loving the
country to the present as well as the future generations
Thanks to Uncle Ho's former pupils' memories and remembrance, the
school position and the interior and exterior architectural part were former through
the plans and rebuilt from the years 1978 to 1980
Ngu" house was built in 1906 and since 1908 it has been used as the pupils' boarding place and now it was also restored
"Ngoa du sao" was Mr Nguyen Thong's house built in 1880 In the final years of his life, he stayed in this house to recite poems, to comment proses and to discuss the business with the patriotic cultured people When staying at this school, teacher Thanh read books, prepared the lessons at "Ngoa
du sao", now it has also been improved because its commodities inside have been disordered and stolen quite a lot
The thistle and the well related to Uncle Ho's teaching life at Due Thanh school are also the main points in this place of historical interest
The original exhibits from the time teacher Thanh taught have still been preserved until now: A set of sofas, a wooden bed, a high desk, a wardrobe,
a wooden container of documents, an ink-grinding inkstone, 3 small glasses, an ashstray All of them are old but they have been kept and preserved well Those are the sacred memory objects comnining with teacher Nguyen Tat Thanh's short teaching days' time and history in Phan Thiet
Beside the Area of Due Thanh school, the Display House of Uncle Ho's revolutionary activities and life was also built and opened in 1986 Due Thanh place of historical interest was classified as the National place of historical interest by the Ministry of Culture - Information according to the Decision number 235/QD - BT on the 12"' of December, 1986
Trang 6iini T^p Di f An yAn 11611 HoAno 1^ OHAin
C H A M R O Y A L F A M I L Y ' S C U L T U R A L
H E R I T A G E C O L L E C T I O N
Vifcing quo'c Cham
Pa ke tir k h i hinh thanh, ton tai va phat trien vdi tii' each la mot Nha nifdc doc lap, CO mot vifdng
Vuong mi^n Vua - Hoing hju ChSm
establishment, existence and development with the essential behaviour
as an independent Government, Champa Kingdom has had a royal
dynasty transferred through a lot of generations with scores of orthodox
Kings and later there were some of "King Rotation"
Each dynasty had its own different way of ruling the country, but Cham people's cultural national identity has always been preserved
Especially, in Champa Kingdom's royal dynasties, they have used all kinds of everyday life activity means, weapons, costumes quite
different from other countries and other kingdoms' in the area
In the process of historical development, although Champa kingdom has experienced many different dynasties, their life activity
utilities haven't been preserved because of many different reasons,
mainly the war Only the King Poklong MdHNai and the Queen
PoBiaSdm's collection are comparatively sufficient, but not all of them
belong to this King's dynasty, the crown, weapons and other rare
precious things must be from other royal dynasties
Nowadays, Cham Royal Family's (cultural) heritage collection left by Cham Kings has been preserved by the generations of their
tie'p qua nhieu the he vdi hang chuc ddi vua chinh tho'ng va sau nay 1 so' ddi vua du'dc "phien vu'dng" M o i trieu dai c6 mot each tri vi dat nude khac nhau, nhu'ng deu giff du'dc ban sac van hoa eua ngu'di Cham Dae biet trong eae vu'dng trieu eua Vu'dng quoe Cham pa deu su'dung eac loai phifdng tien sinh hoat, via khi, trang phue trieu ehanh hoan toan khac cac nu'dc va eae vu'dng quoc trong khu vife
Mac dau Vu'dng quoc Cham pa trong tien trinh phat trien eua lich siJ, da qua nhieu trieu dai khac nhau nhu'ng do nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau, chu yeu la do chie'n tranh nen khong eon lula giiJ lai du'dc nhiJng do diing sinh hoat trong trieu chinh Chi con lai mot sifu tap duy nhat eua Trieu Vua PoKlong MdHNai va Hoang Hau PoBia Sdm la tu'dng do'i day du nhu'ng khong phai tat ca deu ciia trieu Vua nay ma vu'dng mien, vu khi va 1 so do quy hie'm khac phai c6 nguon go'c tijf eae vu'dng trieu tru'de
Kiem Cham
Descendants The person who has got the
i n h e r i t i n g right and preserved the longest is
Ms NGUYEN THI THEM
- The K i n g P o k l o n g
M d h n a i ' s descendant
She was one o f the people with prestige and she was loved and called
" Princess " by Cham people I n 1995, she passed away and the next heiress was Ms Nguyen Thi Dao - Ms Nguyen Thi Them's granddaughter
Cham Royal Family's heritage collection is now preserved and handed down at Tinh My hamlet, Phan Thanh commune, Bac Binh district,
62 kilometers North of Phan Thie't city
The collection consists of over 100 exhibits such as means, utilities and royal costumes, most of them are rare and precious unique ones such as the King's crowns made of gold and carved and sculptured intricately and painstakingly according to the ancient Cham people's traditional art for their Kings Different from the Chinese Kings and the Vietnamese Kings' crowns with the symbol of dragons, the Cham Kings' crowns have 2 MakaRas
a attached to each other to symbolize the Royal powers The Cham Queens' crowns are also made of gold and they have small beautiful forms with their own art decoration way And the others are many kinds of the Kings'
13
Trang 7Di San Ho4ng Tpc Cham
SuXi tap di sail cua Hoang toe Cham con lai hien nay do cac Vua Cham
truyen lai cac the he Hau due luXi giCf Ngu'di du'dc quyen thCfa ke va luXi g i i l l a u
nhat la Ba Nguyen Thi Them hau due cua dong Vua PoKlong MoHNai, ba la
mot trong nhilng ngu'di c6 uy tin va dUdc ngu'di Cham tin yeu, goi ba la "Cong
chua" Nam 1995 ba da qua ddi va ngu'di thijra ke tie'p theo la ba Nguyen Thi
Dao chau gai Ba NguySn Thj Them Situ tap di san Hoang tpc Cham hien bao
luXi tai thon Tinh M y - xa Phan Thanh - huyen Bac Binh, each thanh pho' Phan
Thiet 62km ve hu^dng Bac
SuXi tap bao gom hPn 100 hien vat la phiTPng tien, do diang, trang phuc
trong cung dinh, da phan la loai doc ban quy hiem nhu': vu'dng mien ciia Vua, la
loai vu'Png mien diic bang vang, cham trd dieu khac tinh vi va cong phu, theo
nghe thuat truyen tho'ng cua ngu'di Cham xu'a danh cho nha vua Khac vdi
vu'dng mien cua Vua Trung Quoc va Vua Viet bieu tu'dng la rong, con d day
tren vu'dng mien la 2 con MaKaRa qua'n quyt tren vu'dng mien the hien uy
quyen ciia nha Vua Vu'dng mien cua Hoang Hau Cham cung bang vang va c6
hinh dang nho, dep vdi loi trang tri nghe thuat rieng Canh do la nhieu loai
trang phuc cua nha Vua : A o mac trong trieu, ao tran, hai, bp vu khi gu'dm, dao,
1 so' do dijng bang bac va siJ cd nguon go'c tuf Trung Quo'c, Nhat Ban Trang
phuc va trang site cua Hoang Hau Cham cd hinh dang la va trang tri dep thbo
phong tiic truyen thong, trang phuc cua Cong chua va Hoang t i l Cham cung
khac la Nhieu loai hien vat khac bang bac nhu' do difng trau cau, bang dopg
nhifbp nhac cu cung nhieu loai tai lieu khac lien quan den da't dai va sinh boat trieu chinh, 1 so' sac phong cua c^c Vua trieu Nguyen ban tang cho Vua PoKlong MdHNai, da'u a'n
Day la sifti tap duy nhat con lai cua ViTcJng trieu Cham pa sau gan 2 thien nien cu ton tai, va rat
CO gia tri ve mat lich suT van hoa, hien siTu tap dang
dUdc tru'ng bay tai kho md tai gia dinh B a Nguyen Thi Dao, Hau due nhieu ddi vua Cham d xa Phan
Thanh, Huyen Bac Binh V d i gia tri lich suTnghe thuat cua sifti tap, Nha nu'dc da xep hang cong nhan la di tich lich sijf - nghe thuat cap quoc gia cung vdi den thd PoKLong MdhNai vao nam 1993
costumes: Imperial robes with dragon designs worn in the Royal palace, in royal court, in the battle, boat - like shoes or curly -toed boots, weapon sets of swords and knife - scimitars, some silver and chinaware utilities made in China and Japan The Cham Queens' costumes and jewelleries have strange figures and beautiful decoration according to their customs and traditions, the Cham princesses and princes' costumes are also strange Many kinds of other exhibits are made of silver such as containers for betel and areca, of bronze such as musical instruments together with many other sorts of materials related to royal estate, land court affairs' activities, some nominations of Nguyen dynasty's Kings offered to the King Pdklong Mdhnai, seals and so on
This is Champa Royal Dyna.sty's only collection left after nearly 2 previous millenniums' existence, and it is very valuable historically and culturally Now this collection has been displayed at Ms Nguyen Thi Dao's family's open warehouse at Phan Thanh commune, Bac Binh district With its historical and art values, our Government accepted and classified it as the National art - historical place of interest together with the Pdklong Mdhnai temple in 1993
I
Trang 8DI TICH LICH Stf VAN THUY 1
THE PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST:
THUY TIJ FISHERMEN'S ASSICIATION
PhUcfng Diic Thdng - Phan Thiet
Van Thijy Tu di/dc ngif dan Thuy Tu thiet lap bat dau vao nam
Nham ngp 1762 de thd Ong (ca voi) vdi chinh dien, nha thd Tien Hien,
V5 ca bo' tri theo hinh chu" Tarn (=) mat chinh quay ra hiTdng Dong Luc
mdi xay difng xong ciJa van sat ngay bd bien, ngay nay bd bien da ddi
xa ra ngoai hdn 100m Hien nay Van Thuy Tu tpa lac tren du'dng Ngu'
Ong, phu-dng Difc Thang, thanh pho Phan Thiet
Khac vdi nhffng dinh lang thu'dng xay difng de thd Thanh Hoang
lang va dinh lang thu'dng di lien vdi cac lang mac nong nghiep, con
van, dinh lai thd Ca Ong {ci voi) va thu'dng difdc xay di/ng ngay sat bd
bien cua cac lang Ngu' Vdi ngifdan Binh Thuan da so'cac lang lam nghe
bien deu c6 dinh, van de thd Ca Ong, ma theo ho do la vi Than ciJu giiip
ngrfdan moi khi gap tai nan tren bien, va vi than thiiy chung vdi ngifdan
nen du'dc ngu'dan kinh yeu va ton trong Tin ngu'dng dan gian gan vdi
tin ngifdng nghe nghiep tif ddi nay qua ddi khac theo phong tuc va
truyen tho'ng cua ngu'dan
rr-IHE PLACE OF HISTORICAL INTEREST:
THUY TU FISHERMEN'S ASSICIATION
Thiiy Tii fishermen's assiciation was first established bay Thuy Tu
fishermen in 1762 for worshiping " Ong " (the whale) with the central chamber,
the house for worshiping "Tien Hien", the one for Song - Dance group, they
were arranged in the form of the word Tam ( ) with the main side toward the
East When it was just finished, its gate was very near right the seashore; nowadays
the seashore is over 100 metres far from here Now Thuy Tu fishermen's
assiciation is situated on Ngif Ong Street, DiJc Thang quarter, Phan Thiet city
Different from the village's communal house ten built for worshiping
the village's Tutelary God and located in the agricultural village the fishermen's
assiciation is ten constructed for worshiping the whale (Ca Ong) and located
very near right the seashore of the fishing village Mo.st of Binh Thuan's fishing
villages have got fishermen's assiciations and temple for wprshiping the whale
(Ca Ong) - the God who has helped and saved fishermen when they meet
accidents on the sea according to their opinion And this God is always loyal to
fishermen; therefore they love and respect this God all the time The folk
religion has connected with the job religion from this generation-to-generation
according to fishermen's customs and traditions
16
Van Thuy Tu til' ngay xay di/ng xong den nay da chiJa gan 100 bp xifOng Ca voi va nhieu loai khac cung hp Qua nijfa c6 nien dai tren 100-150 nam, trpng do c6 nhiing bp xUPng tp Idn dUPc thd phung tpn nghiem
Trong khuon vien cua Van c6 mpt doi da't rpng, dung de mai tang Ca Ong moi khi ong "luy" va dat tuf bien vao Moi Ian mai tang xong, sau 3 nam mdi du'cfc thu'dng cot nhap tam theo phong tuc Trong so ngU dan he ngu'di nao trong thay "Ong" trUdc la ngu'di do du'cfc lam con tru'dng cua Ngai, va ngifdi nay phai lo lam dam tang chu dao, de tang sau 3 nam mdi het han v.v Dieu do cho thay nhifng phong tuc, cur chi cua ngrf dan do'i vdi Ca Ong theo tin ngifdng gan nhif quan he giiJa ngu'di vdi ngu'di
Van Thiiy Tu la mpt trpng nhiJng dinh van, cp xu'a nhat cua nghe bien
d Binh Thuan, difdc ngu'dan lam nghe bien cpi nhif thiiy tp nghe bien Trpng van chiJa nhieu di san van hoa Han - Nom lien quan den nghe bien, the hien trong npi dung thd phung d cac kham thd, tUdng thd, hoanh phi, lien do'i, tren van chuong
Van Thuy Tu - Dijrc Thing - Phan Thik
THirvIEN.TI
ciia Dai Hong chung Van
Thuy Tii la mpt trpng
nhiing di tich cd' cd so'
lUdng Idn sac phong ciia ciic vi Vua Trieu Nguyen ban tang de thd Ca Ong
va cac vj Hai Than, vi trifdc day trong chie'n tranh phong kie'n vdi nghla quan Tay Scfn, cac tifdng linh nha Nguyen da nhieu
\in du'cfc ca voi ciJu nan trin bien Cd 24 sac
phong cua cac ddi vua :
Thieu Tri, Tif Bvlc, Dong
Khanh, Duy Tan, Khai
Dinh, rieng Vua Thieu Tri
(1841-1847) da ban tang lOs^cThanla dieuhiem thay so vdi cac di tich khac
Van Thuy Tu da
du'cfc Nha nU'dc xep hang
di tich lich siJ cap Quo'c gia nam 1996
17
Trang 9Xuong Ca Vol trong Van Thuy Tu
Since the
I day of finishing until now, Thuy
Tu fishermen's assiciation has
c o n t a i n e d nearly 100 bone skeletons of whales and many other species of the same family
Over half of them have got
I the epoch of over 100 to 150 years; among them the big bone skeletons have been worshiped solemnly
In its campus, there is a large land bridge used to bury the whale when
he " dies" and drifts onto the seashore from the sea And his bone skeleton will
be placed into a torn according to the custom after 3 years' burial service Among
the fishermen, if anyone sees " Ong" first, this fisherman will become " His"
eldest child and have to hold a funeral perfectly and 3 years of mourning and so
on That shows fishermen's customs and behaviours toward " Ca Ong" - the
whale - according to their religion are nearly the sam as the relationship between
people and people
Thuy Tu fishermen's assiciation is one of the most ancient one in Binh
Thuan's fishing villages, the local fishermen consider it as the first ancestor of
the sea fishing job It has contained many Chinese - Vietnamese cultural heritages
related to the sea fishing job, expressing the worshiping content in the airiness,
worshiped statues, horizontal boards inscribed with Chinese characters, parallel
scrolls, in the bell record of the Great Bell Thuy Tii fishermen's assiciation is
one of the ancient places of historical interest with a large amount of nominations
granted by Nguyen Dynasty's Kings for worshiping " Ca Ong" - the whale and
the sea Gods because in the feudal war against Tay Sdn righteous volunteers,
Nguyin Dynasty's generals and commanders were once rescued many time by
the whale on the sea It has got 24 nominations granted by the Kings: Thieu Tri,
Tif DiJc, Hong Khanh, Duy Tan, Khai Dinh, privately King Thieu Tri (1841
-1847) granted 10 nominations and this is the rare thing compared with other
places of historical interest
The Government classified Thuy Tii fishermen's assiciation as the
National Historical place of interest in 1996
ft: 18
Thon Luang Binh - Luang San - Bdc Binh
Khac vdi den Thap Cham dUdc xay diTng bang ky thuat va chat ket dinh dac biet ma hcfn ca ngan nam sau den nay van lam dau dau cac nha nghien ciJu ciing vdi mot nen nghe thuat va dieu khac vdi nhCfng gia tri tuyet vdi
Doi lap nen nghe thuat va ky thuat xay di/ng thap Cham tiif the ky XVII trd ve trUdc, tir the ky XVII trd ve nhiJng the ky sau khi dat ntfdc bi suy kiet, nhan tai vat life va ky thuat bj that truyen, ma nhu cau thd phung to tien va ton giao van la nhu cau thu'dng triTc nen ngUdi Cham chuyen sang xay difng dang kie'n true den thd va sur dung vat lieu g6, ngdi, voi nhU ngUdi Viet va hinh dang nhU mot ngoi chiia du'dng thdi Tieu bieu cho dang kien true nay la den thd Vua Cham PoKlong MdhNai
THE TEMPLE TO THE CHAM KING
POKLONG MdHNAI'S MEMORY
Different from Cham tower temples constructed by special techniques and sticking binding substance which have hurt the researchers' minds for over thousands of years until now together with the art and sculpture having wonderful values, different from the art and building techniques of Cham towers before the seventeenth century, since the seventeenth century when the country was weakened, lack of talented men and these techniques were lost but the need to worship the ancestors and religion were still permanent, Cham people changed in building their temples' architecture and used the building materials wood, tile, lime mortar,
19
Trang 10Den tho Vua Cham PoKlong Mohnai - Luong Son - Bac Blnh
Den thd Vua Cham PoKlong MdhNai difdc ngu'di Cham xay dUng tren
dinh doi cat thuoc thon Lifcfng Binh, xa Lu'cfng ScJn d ve phia Nam va each
huyen ly Bac Binh 15km Cach Phan Thiet gan 50km ve hu-dng Bac Den thd
dMc xay difng de thd Vua Cham PoKlong MdhNai Mot trong nhiJng vi vua
cuo'i ciang ciia Vu'dng quo'c Champa tru'dc khi vUdng quo'c nay tan ra Theo bien
nien siJ Cham, ong difdc len ngoi vao dau the ky X V I I va den nam 1627
nhu'dng ngoi lai cho con re la PoKlong GaHul
Den thd gom c6 5 gian thd ma cac nha khoa hoc Phap khi nghien ciJu
lich siJ Cham- pa d the ky X I X goi la dien thd 5 gian den thd xay difng theo
hinh chu" T Day nha 3 gian dCing de thd phung : Gian giila thd tifdng Vua
PoKlong MdhNai, gian ben phai thd tu'dng ba thir phi ngu'di Viet (cong chua
concija 1 v i chiia NguySn) ciing 1 so tu'dng Kut con ciia ba Ben trai la gian thd
ba Hoang hau Cham PoBiaSdm, vd ca cua Vua ciing 1 so'tu'dng kut cham khac
dep la con cua Ba Day nha tru'dc gom 2 gian Idn de trong dung lam ndi chd ddi
va thi/c hien nghi le ben ngoai tru'dc luc vao den thd
Tu'dng Vua PoKlong MdhNai du'dc cac nghe nhan Cham tac vao mot
khoi da xanh xam vdi nghe thuat dieu khac tinh te, pho tu'dng ta nha vua dang
ngif ct Trieu dinh, dau doi vUdng mien oai nghiem Day la mot trong nhCfng pho
tu'dng Cham c6 kich thu'dc Idn con ton tai nguyen ven den ngay nay Hai gian
thd d ben ta va ben hiJu gian thd tu'dng Vua la gian thd tu'dng Ba Hoang Hau
ngu'di Cham PoBiaSdm va tu'dng Ba thiJ phi ngu'di Viet cCing 1 so' tu'dng Kiit
Ta't ca deu du'dc cham khac cong phu ti my, dang tie'c pho tu'dng ba Thu" phi
20
whitewash like the Vietnamese people and their temples have had the form like contemporary pagodas since then, the temple to the Cham King Poklong Mdhnai's memory is the symbol of this architectural style
Cham people constructed this temple on the top of a sand hill belonging
to LUdng Binh hamlet, LUdng Sdn commune, 15 Km South of Bac Binh di.strict and nearly 50 km North of Phan Thiet city This temple was built for worshiping the Cham King Poklong Mdhnai, one of ChamPa Kingdom's final Kings before this Kingdom was disinte-grated According to Cham chronicles, this King took the throne at the beginning of the seventeenth century and in 1627, he offered his throne to his son - in - law named Poklong Gahul
This temple consists of 5 worship compartments called " dien thd " Worship palace" by some French scientists when they studied ChamPa history in the nineteenth century These five compartments were built in the shape of T Its
-3 - section row has been used for worshiping: The middle one for the statue of the King Poklong Mdhnai, the right one for the statue of his Vietnamese royal concubine (this princess was a Nguyen Vice King's daughter) together with some statues of Kiit - her children, the left one for the statue of the Cham Queen P6
Bia Sdm, the King's official first wife, together with some beautifully -carved statues of Kut - her children, the front row consists o f 2 b i g compartments available used as the waiting rooms and for implementing the rituals outside before the temple The Cham artisans / workers in the field of art carved the statue of King Poklong Mdhnai on a greyish blue mass of rock with their sophis ticated art of sculpture This statue described the King staying in the Royal court and wearing his crown imposingly and majestically This is one of b i g -sized Cham statues, which have still existed integral until now
The two compartments on the left and on the right have been used for worshiping the statue of the Cham Queen P6 Bia Sdm and the statue of the Vietnamese royal concubine together with some statues of Kut A l l
of these statues were carved and sculptured painstakingly in details
Trang 11nt;ii'(<i V i c t hi kc gian dap piia n i a l phan dau, I piian than, h i e n nay c h u n g ta (hay con n g u y o n v c n nhfrng phan l a m l a i saii nay
I lang nam gia d l n h , d o n g toe H a u due nha V u a c u n g d o n g b a o C h a m to cluiV n h i c u nghi Ic tai d e n Ihct L d n nhal la d i p le h o i K a t e to chiJc v a o thang
7 C h a m lich v c i f i quy mo va giii t i i lich siV van hoa cua no V a o d i p le h o i nay d
ili lich If) cluVc n h i c u nghi I c , phong tuc Ihco tap quan cua ngifdi C h a m , trong
d(') C O phan Ic nghi Ihuoc van hoa phi vat the d i e n ra m o t each t i f n h i e n , sinh
i l o n g D i p nay lUOiig Vua dUcJc d o i viWng m i e n that bang v a n g , dUdc mac do Dai Ic, urdng l l o a n g H a u va ba Ihu" phi cfing dUdc t a m rtifa mac ao, d p i m a o
D e n lhi< Vua C h a m P o K l o n g M d h N a i da bi ehiiy r u i v a o cuo'i the k y
X I X , sau ilo ngu'cli C h a m l i e p lue lu bo l a i de I h i l p h u n g , n a m 2001 tie'p tuc dififc lu bo sii'a chffa nham g i i f g i n nhffng gia Hi lich suf v a n hoa trong n h i l n g ugoi den lliif
Di l i c h (.la du'iic Nha lurdc x e p hang d i tieh L i c h sijf - nghe thuat cap Ouoc Ilia vao nfun 1901
but regretfully some evildoers broke and destroyed the head and a part
o f the body o f the statue o f the V i e t n a m e s e r o y a l concubine, n o w w e still see the w h o l e intact statue because the b r o k e n parts have been made again later
E v e r y year, the K i n g ' s Descendants' f a m i l y ancestries and
C h a m people organize lots o f rituals at this t e m p l e T h e largest is the occasion o f K a t e periodic r e l i g i o u s celebration organized i n July o f
C h a m calendar w i t h its c u l t u r a l h i s t o r i c a l value and standard On this occasion i n this t e m p l e many rituals are organized according to C h a m customs and habits, among t h e m the non - m a t e r i a l c u l t u r a l r i t u a l happens naturally and l i v e l y A l s o on this occasion, the statue o f the
K i n g wears the real c r o w n made have g o l d and the I m p e r i a l robe w i t h dragon design i n the Great C e r e m o n y T h e statues o f the Queen and the r o y a l concubine are also washed and dressed w i t h their crowns
The t e m p l e to the C h a m K i n g P o k L o n g M d h N a i was burnt
d o w n at the end o f the nineteenth century, but later C h a m people continued r e p a i r i n g and i m p r o v i n g i t to w o r s h i p I n 2001 they continue doing that i n order to preserve the cultural and historical values in these temples
This place o f historical interest was classified as the N a t i o n a l
A r t - Historic one in 1991 by the G o v e r n m e n t
Trang 12M PO
Lang Thanh Hieu - xa Phan Hiep - Bac Binh
Oin thd Vua P6nit - Xa Phan Higp - B)nh
Den thd Vua Cham PoNit difdc ngiTdi Cham xay difng giiJa the ky X V I I
vdi long kinh trong va biet dn vi vua c6 nhieu co'ng hien cho dat nu'dc Den thd
tga lac tren ngon mot doi cat canh dong song Cai (no'i dai ciia Song Luy) den
thd CO dang nhuden thd PoKlong MohNai Do chien tranh ac liet va de tien
viec thd cung Ngai, trong khang chien chong My den thd dUdc ddi ve vi tri
hien nay thuoc lang Thanh Hieu xa Phan Hiep huyen Bac Binh each thanh pho'
Phan Thiet 68km ve phia Bac
Den thd xay difng de thd TiTdng Vua PoNit va hai ba Hoang Hau Viet
- Cham mot gian khac thd mot v i tu^dng, con ben ngoai thd hai day tu'dng Kut
Idn d ve ben ta va ben hiJu cua den thd
Vua PoNit lam vua tif 1603 - 1613 sau do nhu'dng ngoi cho em trai la
PoChaiPran Tong the ngoi den giong nhtf ngoi chua ngUdi Viet Gian thd
trung tam thd tu'dng Vua PoNit - do xuat than tCr 1 vi tu'dng nen pho tu'dng the
hien tinh oai phong, pho tifdng Idn nhu'tifdng PoKlong MOhNai, ngoi tren mot
be da c6 ranh va pheu, lu'ng ti/a vao mot be da dtfdc cham trd dieu khac ti my,
du'dng net cua pho tifOng va nhiJng bo phan hOp thanh tao nen tac pham dieu
khac tuyet my Tren thiTc te la be thd linga - yoni each dieu (truT phan than va
dau cua pho tu'dng)
Gian thd ben canh c6 cuTa trd thong vdi gian thd nha vua, la ndi dat
tu'dng thd Ba Hoang Hau, ngu'di Cham PoMu'k Cha, tu'dng Ba Hoang Hau ngu'di
Viet (con ciia 1 vi chda Nguyen) ciing 1 so' tu'dng Kut khac tu'dng tru'ng cho
ngu'di da khua't trong Hoang toe c6 mot gian thd tach biet de thd 1 phie'n da
tu'dng tru'ng cho vi tiTdng tai PoKayMach ngu'di Hoi giiio
in the US - anti resistance, this temple was moved to the present position at Thanh Hieu village, Phan Hiep commune, Bac Binh district, 68 km North of Phan Thiet city
This temple was built for worshiping the statues of King Ponit and two Vietnamese - Cham Queens, another compartment for worshiping a general and outside for worshiping two big statue lines of Kut on the left and the right of the temple
King Ponit took the throne from 1603 to 1613, later he offered his throne to his younger brother named PoChaiPran The temple overall is the same as the Vietnamese pagoda The central compartment has been used for worshiping the statue of King Ponit because he used to be a general, the statue expressed his imposing character, this statue is as big as the Statue of PoKlong MdHNai; the statue of King Ponit is sitting on a stone base with channelstones and funnels, the back leaning against a stone base carved and sculptured in details, the lines of this statue and its combined parts have made a wonderful and beautiful sculpture work In fact, it is a stylized Linga
- Yoni altar base (except for the body and the head of this statue)
The worship compartment beside has a door opening to the one for worshiping the King It is the place for worshiping the statue of the Cham Queen PoMiJkCha and the statue of the Vietnamese Queen (a Nguyen Vice King's daughter) together with some other statues of Kut symbolizing for the dead in the Royal Family; there is a separate compartment to worship a flagstone symbolizing a Muslim talented commander named PoKayMach
Outside there are many big stone statues of Kut symbolizing the Royal Family's people with different forms and details of these worshiped people, but all of them are the sculpture works with their values of art -history
Seen under the architectural corner, this temple is the same as a pagoda; but opposite to it's inside architecture, the worship content, the worshiped statues, its formalities are also the same as the previous Cham people in their prosperous centuries
25
Trang 13Ben ngoai c6 nhieu tifdng Kut Idn bang da tiTdng trifng cho nhCfng
ngirdi trong Hoang toe vdi nhCfng chi tiet, hinh dang khac nhau ciia nhiTng
ngudi dUdc thd phung, nhUng tat ca deu la nhiTng tac pham dieu khac c6 gid trj
lieh siJ - nghe thuat
Den thd PoNit nhin dUdi goc do kien true thi gio'ng nhu' ngoi chua,
nhu'ng doi lap vdi kien true, ben trong noi dung thd phung, tu'dng thd, nghi
thiJc khong kem gi ve noi dung cua nhiJng the ky hifng thinh cua ngu'di Cham
lich, ngay dau
nam mdi dan
lang tap trung
lam le difdi sif
dieu hanh, chii
tri cua nhCfng
ngu'di CO uy tin
trong gidi chiJc
sac ton giao,
nhilng bau vat
cua nha vua de
lai va 1 so'sac phong cua cac vua 1 rieu Nguyen ban tang rUdc ra den thd Doan
rUdc CO mot dpi miia vdi trang phuc rife rd, dac sac cua le hoi, vuTa di cac thie'u
nu" vufa hit, miia dieu miia dan gian truyen thong Tai den thd tat ca cac pho
tu'dng du'dc tam rffa, mac ao quan va sau do la cac nghi thiJc le quan trpng diln
ra do cac vi chiJc sSc chii tri thife hien, trong do c6 nhilng nghi le thupc ve van
hda phi vat the c6 nhieu gia trj difdc liTu giff tijf 400 - 500 trUde
Den thd da difdc Nha nifdc xe'p hang di tich lich su" - nghe thuat cap
Quo'c gia vao nam 2000
2&
So many ceremonies and periodic religious celebrations are organized at this temple all the year round Especially, Kate "Tet" at the beginning of July according to Cham calendar; on the first day of New Year the villagers concentrate to carry out the celebration under the management and presiding of prestige people in the religious authorities
Since this starting point,
t h e y
p r o c e s s i o n with the King's
p r e c i o u s things and
i m p e r i a l costumes and
s o m e nominations offered by
N g u y e" n
D y n a s t y ' s Kings out of ihe temple The festival procession has got a dancing team with the
f e s t i v a l ' s special bright clothes; these girls both walk and sing dancing the traditional folk dancing styles In the temple, all of the statues are washed and dressed in, and later the important religious rituals and formalities happen and they are carried out and presided over
by the authorities; among them, the non - material cultural rituals with great values have been preserved and handed down for 400 to 500 years
This temple was classified as the National Art historical place of interest in 2000 by the Government
-27
Trang 14Xa Tan Hdi - Ham Tan - Binh Thudn
D i n h T h a y T h i m toa lac giffa khu riTng g i a , c6 t e n la
riTng dau B a u C a i thupc xa T a n H a i , h u y e n H a m T a n each thanh
pho'Phan T h i e t k h o a n g 7 0 k m ve phia D o n g - N a m
TiTOng t r u y e n trong dan gian : Difdi t r i e u vua T i f D i J c , c6
hai vO c h o n g dao sT que d l a n g L a Qua, phii D i e n B a n , t i n h
Q u a n g N a m D a o sT la ngu'fti g i a u t a i diJc, hay g i u p d 9 ngUCli
ngheo k h o , c a m ghet bon quan l a i hay iJc h i e p dan l a n g , cho'ng
l a i che dp dU'Ong t h d i , o n g b i t r i e u d i n h T i f DiJc k e t t p i gay r o i ,
muXi toan bao l o a n va chju h i n h phat " T a m ban T r i e u D i i n "
TrUdc luc b i h i n h phat nay, D a o sT da " b i e n " d a i l u a d i e u thanh
r o n g bay ve phu'dng N a m H a i v d c h o n g diifng chan cl l a n g T a m
T a n , ngay ngay bo'c thuo'c chffa benh cho dan va d o n c i i i k i e m
song qua ngay T a i di'fc cua D a o sT n d i tie'ng khap v u n g , t i f do
dan l a n g g o i hai v p chong D a o sT bang cai ten than m a t " T h a y ,
T h i m " Co n h i e u t r u y e n t h u y e t khac trong dan gian n o i ve t a i
dilc va p h e p thuat cua T h a y T h i m Cho den liic hai v d chong dao
sT che't, dan lang da m a i tang d k h u vifc gan do H a n g n a m v a o
ngay 5 thang g i e n g a m l i c h , ngiTdi ta thu'dng thay m o t d o i h d
thu'dng ve v i e n g mp T h a y
D e n d d i T h a n h T h a i thiJ 18 n a m B i n h N g p (1906), nha
vua da x e m x e t l a i c o n g diJc T h a y T h i m nen q u y e t d i n h xoa an
va ban sac phong " C h i diJc T i e n Sinh, c h i ditc nu'dng nUdng ton
T h a n "
D e to l o n g t o n k i n h va b i e t On cong lao cua T h a y T h i m ,
dan l a n g da lap d i n h tai dia d i e m ngay nay de ton t h d N h a n dan
quanh vCing coi T h a y T h i m nhU v i T h a n h hoang b i e u h i e n cho
n h i e u tinh each dang quy do la t a i du'c, tinh can c i i , m i e t m a i lao
d p n g , l o n g nhan ai v d i ngu'cfi ngheo k h d
D i n h T h a y T h i m du'dc k i e n tao l a i quy m o n tCr n a m K y
M a o (1879) H i e n nay t r e n thanh xa co cua D i n h con d o n g chff
H a n khac c h i m : " K y M a o n i e n thap nhi quat nhi thap ngQ nhat
k i e n t a o " k i e n tao ngay 25 thang 12 n a m K y M a o (1879) D i n h
T h a y T h i m c6 dang k i e n triic nhu' m o t ngoi d i n h lang bao g o m
n h i e u c o n g trinh : c h i n h d i e n , nha t h d T i e n H i e n , V o Ca T r o n g
k h a m thd chinh d chanh d i e n con hai b a i v i t h d T h a y T h i m va
n h i e u biJc hoanh ca ngdi c o n g diJc T h a y T h i m C a c h D i n h T h a y
T h i m chifng 5 k m la khu vuTc m p T h a y T h i m CJ day c6 4 n g o i mp
dap bang cat t r a n g ra't I d n , theo dan gian 2 n g o i m p ciia T h a y
d i s t r i c t , and Q u a n g N a m p r o v i n c e T h e Taoist was a w e l l - talented and moral person
w h o o f t e n h e l p e d t h e p o o r , h a t e d t h e mandarins and c o m m a n d e r s b u l l y i n g ' the
l o c a l v i l l a g e r s , a n d f o u g h t a g a i n s t t h e contemporary r e g i m e ; so he was accused o f |
m a k i n g troubles, p l a n n i n g a rebel and got the punishment o f " T a m Ban T r i e u D i e n "
b y K i n g T u D u e ' s D y n a s t y B e f o r e this
p u n i s h m e n t , the T a o i s t s t u r n e d the s i l k ribbon into a dragon to f l y t o w a r d the South
T h i s couple stopped at T a m T a n v i l l a g e ,
e v e r y d a y they p r e p a r e d the m e d i c i n e to cure the local people and cut f i r e w o o d in order to earn their l i v i n g T h e i r talent and
v i r t u e w e r e famous e v e r y w h e r e in the area;
since then the local v i l l a g e r s have called this Taoist couple the f a m i l i a r names o f "
T h a y , T h i m " T h e r e have been many the f o l k legends about their talent, v i r t u e and m a g i c a l power W h e n this couple d i e d , the local v i l l a g e r s b u r i e d them i n a nearby area E v e r y year, on the 5"' o f L u n a r January, they often see a couple o f a
t i g e r and a tigress comes to v i s i t t h e i r tombs
U n t i l K i n g T h a n h T h a i the eighteenth's t i m e in B i n h N g o year (the Horse year 1906), the K i n g reconsidered " T h a y T h i m ' s m e r i t and v i r t u e and
d e c i d e d to abolish the punishment for t h e m and granted t h e m the n o m i n a t i o n o f
" C h i Due T i e n S i n h , C h i Due N u o n g N u o n g T o n T h a n "
In order to show their respect and gratitude to " T h a y T h i m " c o u p l e's
m e r i t s , the v i l l a g e r s made a shrine at the present position to w o r s h i p t h e m T h e local people have considered " T h a y T h i m " as the V i l l a g e ' s T u t e l a r y G o d and Goddess s y m b o l i z i n g many precious characters such as talent and m o r a l i t y , industriousness, h a r d - w o r k i n g , human compassion for the poor
29
Trang 15Dinh Thay Thim - Xa Ian Hai - H^m Tan
Thim va 2 ngoi mo cua de til Thay Ngay nao ciing c6 du khach den vie'ng mo
vdi long thanh kinh
Hcfn 100 nam qua Dinh Thay Thim tret thanh ndi de nhan dan chiem bai, nhiJng
nam gan day la khu danh lam thang canh va du lich ket hdp vdi niii riTng xung
quanh, bai bien, doi du'cfng Hang nam nhan dan khap ndi den vie'ng mp, tham
Dinh, nhu'ng dong nha't van la djp gio Thay ngay 5 thang gieng am lich va te
Thu cua Dinh tiT ngay 14-16 thang 9 am lich
Dinh Thay Thim du'cfc Uy ban nhan dan tinh Binh Thuan cong nhan va ra quyet
dinh bao ve khu danh lam thang canh so 1377-QD/UB-BT ngay 6/12/1993 va
Bp Van hoa thong tin da xe'p hang di tich kie'n true nghe thuat nam 1997
Thay Thim shrine was rebuilt well and carefully in Ky Mao year (1879 - the Cat one) Nowadays, on the shrine bar, there is still
a Chinese sentence down carved in wood: "Ky Mao Nien Thap Nhi
Quat Nhi Thap Ngu Nhat Kien Tao" - it was made on the 25* of
December in Ky Mao year (1879) Thay Thim shrine has got an
architectural style like a village's communal house's, including a
lot of projects such as the central chamber, the house used for
worshiping "Tien Hien", the one for song - Dance group In the
main shrine in its central chamber, there are still two ancestral tablets
worshiping "Thay Thim " and many horizontal boards inscribed with
Chinese words praising "Thay T h i m " 's merits and virtue About 5 km from "Thay T h i m " shrine is area of their tombs Here, there are 4 huge white sand - covered tombs; according to the folk, two of them belong to Thay Thim and the other two belong to his disciples Everyday, there are always tourists/travelers coming to visit their tombs with their respect
For over 100 years, "Thay T h i m " shrine has become the place where the people come to worship and honour; recently it has been an area of tourist famous beautiful sights combined with the surrounding mountain and forest, the beach and Poplar hill
Every year, people everywhere come to visit the tombs and the shrine, but the most crowded are on the occasions of "Thay "'s death anniversary on the 5""
of Lunar January and the ritual of its Autumn offering sacrifices from the 14* to the 16"'of Lunar September
"Thay T h i m " shrine was accepted and the People's Committee of Binh Thuan province decided
to protect it as an area of famous beautiful sights according to the decision number 1377 - QD/UB-BT
on the 6* of December, 1993 and the Ministry of Culture-Information classified it as the Art-Architectural place of historical interest in 1997
Trang 16I
DiNH xm
Dinh lang Xuan An difcJc kien tao vao nam Giap dan 1794 va hoan
thanh vao nhCfng nam sau do Dinh toa lac d thon Xuan A n , thi tran Chd Lau,
huyen Bac Binh, each thanh pho Phan Thie't 65km ve hiTdng Bac
Dinh lang Xuan An la mot tdng the bao gom nhieu kien triic : dinh
chinh th6 Than, dinh thd Tien Hien, Hau Hien, nha tien vang, nha nhom va
cdng tam quan Hcfn 300 nam tru"dc, trong trao Itfu di dan tijf cac tinh mien Bac,
mien Trung va phifcfng Nam dudi su" dieu hanh cua cac chiia NguySn, mot bo
phan dan cu" dUng lai lay vilng daft nay dinh cif lau dai Sau khi cong cuoc khan
hoang da hoan tat va cuoc so'ng cua nhan dan da on djnh, dinh lang diTcJc xay
di/ng theo truyen thong cua ngu"di Viet de thd Than Thanh Hoang lang, cac
bac Tien bdi c6 cong xay difng xdm lang, gop cong cua dt/ng dinh lang
Cac nha dia ly xUa da xem dat va difa vao thuye't phong thuy cua
phu"dng dong xifa de chon the diJng cua dinh, vi day la dieu he trong, anh
hifdng rat Idn den cuoc song ciia dan lang ve sau Dinh di/dc xay difng d vi trI
trung tam lang Xuan A n , mat chinh quay ve hiTdng Nam, each dinh khong xa ve
phia Nam la con song Luy, trifdc mat dinh cd nhieu dong cat cao dilng la an
phong
Dinh lang Xuan An la mot trong nhifng ngoi dinh cd c6 quy m6 rong
Idn, va cd i d i kien triic nghe thuat doc dao Dinh thd Than bao gom 48 cot Idn
bang nhCng loai gd dac biet, chia ngoi dinh thanh 7 gian 2 chai, dinh cd kieu
kien trdc "nha kep", tren mot nen nha cd 2 bo khung nha, nha trifdc va nha sau
lien nhau va nd^i vdi nhau bang he thd^ng tran thila \iiu lam cho ngoi dinh rong
hdn M a i dinh Idp ngdi am difdng, hai dau hdi cao len, d giila trQng xud'ng M a i
nha chia lam 2 mang mai thiTdng va mai ha Tat ca cac bo phan ket ca'u kie'n
true d dinh nhu" dau keo dau cot, trinh, con doi (cot trdn) deu du"dc cham trd
tinh xao, tao nen nhifng tac pham trang tri nghe thuat phiJc tap O day cd su" ket
hdp hai hoa giffa ke't cau kien true va trang tri my thuat, vfiTa cd cong nang chiu
l\ic viXa cd tac dung tham my ra't cao, dd la gia tri chinh ciia nhiing ngrfdi thd
xSy difng dinh de lai den ngay nay
Noi that dinh chia thanh nhieu khu vifc, trung tam thd Thanh Hoang
lang, hai ben thd ta ban, hiJu ban va nhffng bac tien bdi cd cong xay difng xdm
lang Dieu dac biet d trong ngoi dinh lang Xuan A n la ben canh kham thd Than
con cd kham thd nif than Thien Y A N A DiSn Ngoc Phi la nQ than ciia ngu'di
Cham Trong mSi kham thd deu difdc trang tri nghe thuat dieu khac, he thong
32
XU^N en VILLAGE'S COMMaNfIL HOUSE
Xuan An village's communal house was built in 1794 and completed in the next years It has been located at Xuan An hamlet, Cho Lau town, Bac Binh district, 65 km North of Phan Thiet city
Xuan An village's communal house is an overall consisting of many architectures: the main one for worshiping Gods, the one for worshiping Tien Hien (the people who got their merit and contribution in building it firstly), the one for worshiping Hau Hien (those who got their merit later), the front house for visitors, the meeting house and a three - door gate For overSOO previous years,
in the North, the Middle and the South under the management of Nguyen Vice Kings, one part of inhabitants stopped their feet in this land area to settle After the work of barrening lands had been completed and the people's lives had become stable, the village's communal house was built according to the Vietnamese tradition for worshiping the village's Tutelary God and the Fore fathers who had merits in building the village and their contribution to erect the village's communal house
The ancient geographic considered the land to choose the standing position for the village's communal house according to the ancient oriental theory
of geomancy (the science of winds and waters), because this is a very important and significant thing with very great influence on the villagers' lives later The communal house was built in the centre of Xuan An village, with its main side
Trang 17hoanh p h i , bao l a m , l i i n doi sdn
son the'p v a n g va thanh v o n g v i e n
xung quanh do k y thuat c h a m l o n g
tao nen O d i n h l a n g X u a n A n con
CO n h i e u cau d o l , hoanh p h i khac
bang chO" t r i e n , den nay n o i dung
ciia nhiJng cau do'i, hoanh p h i nay
chUa biet du'dc
D i n h t h d T i e n H i e n c u n g
CO k e t cau 48 cot nhtfng chi c6 m o t
noc nha, ci day c6 n h i e u k h a m t h d
de t h d cac the he T i e n H i e n , H a u
H i e n
D i n h l a n g X u a n A n h i e n
con l u \ giCf hang t r a m hoanh p h i ,
cau do'i v d i n h i e u gia t r i mang t i n h
nhan v a n , k h u y e n day m g i ngrfdi
quan cua ngiTcfi V i e t , cl day hang
n a m nhan dan thifc h i e n cac nghi
le T e X u a n vao 16-17 thang 2 A m
lich va T e t h u vao 16-17 thang t a m
a m l i c h
D i n h l a n g X u a n A n da
du'dc Nha nu'dc x e p hang di tich
kie'n true nghe thuat qudc gia n a m
X u a n A n village's communal house
is one o f the ancient ones w i t h its large scale and unique o r i g i n a l art architectural style
T h e house for w o r s h i p i n g the G o d consists
o f 48 b i g poles made o f special w o o d sorts,
d i v i d i n g t h i s c o m m u n a l h o u s e i n t o 7 compartments and 2 w i n g s T h i s c o m m u n a l house has got the a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t y l e o f
"double house" w i t h 2 house frames on one base, the front house and the back one
l i n k i n g and connecting w i t h each other by the system o f c e i l i n g w i t h c u r v e d roofs
m a k i n g the c o m m u n a l house larger Its r o o f has been t i l e d upwards and backwards w i t h
t w o ends s l i g h t l y h i g h e r and the m i d d l e
l o w e r This r o o f has been d i v i d e d into 2 parts: the upper and the l o w e r A l l o f its
c h i t e c t u r a l c o m b i n i n g parts such as rafter ends, p i l l a r ends, m i d d l e bar poles, screw j a c k s etc have been c a r v e d s k i l l f u l l y ; c r e a t i n g
c o m p l i c a t e d art decoration w o r k s H e r e there has been harmonious
c o m b i n a t i o n b e t w e e n t h e a r c h i t e c t u r a l s t r u c t u r e a n d f i n e a r t decoration, both force - bearing use and v e r y h i g h aesthetic effect; these are the b u i l d i n g w o r k e r s ' m a i n values left u n t i l n o w
T h e c o m m u n a l house's i n t e r i o r has been d i v i d e d into many sections w i t h the central one for w o r s h i p i n g the v i l l a g e ' s T u t e l a r y
G o d , the t w o sides for w o r s h i p i n g the L e f t and the R i g h t Groups and the Forefathers h a v i n g their merits and c o n t r i b u t i o n i n constructing their v i l l a g e T h e special thing in X u a n A n v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house
is the shrine for w o r s h i p i n g the Goddess T h i e n Y a N a D i e n Ngoc Phi (the C h a m ' s Goddess) - beside the shrine for w o r s h i p i n g the G o d Each shrine has been decorated and sculptured i n art w i t h the system
o f h o r i z o n t a l boards inscribed w i t h Chinese characters, balustrades,
p a r a l l e l scrolls r e d - lacquered and t r i m m e d w i t h g o l d and its sight
w a l l bordered by the sculpturing technique I n this v i l l a g e ' s communal house, there are also lots o f couplets, p a r a l l e l scrolls and h o r i z o n t a l boards inscribed w i t h ancient figure Square characters whose contents and meanings have not been k n o w n yet u n t i l n o w
T h e c o m m u n a l house for w o r s h i p i n g " T i e n H i e n " also has the structure o f 48 poles but only one roof; here there are several shrines for w o r s h i p i n g the generations o f T i e n H i e n , H a u H i e n
X u a n A n v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house n o w still has preserved hundreds o f h o r i z o n t a l boards inscribed w i t h Chinese characters, couplets w i t h a l o t o f h u m a n e values, w h i c h advise e v e r y o n e to
r e m e m b e r his o r i g i n and ancestors a l l the t i m e
I n this c o m m u n a l house, they have still kept its ancient Great
B e l l o f the epoch i n K i n g T i f DiJc the second's t i m e ( K y D a u 1849) and 8 nominations offered to the Gods w o r s h i p e d i n the c o m m u n a l house by N g u y e n Dynasty's K i n g s and now they have been preserved and w o r s h i p e d by the local authority and people A c c o r d i n g to the
V i e t n a m e s e t r a d i t i o n and customs, here e v e r y year the local people
carry out the rituals o f Spring o f f e r i n g sacrifices on the 16'^ and 17* o f
L u n a r February and the rituals o f A u t u m n one on the 16"' and 17* o f
L u n a r August
X u a n A n v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house was classified as the
N a t i o n a l A r t - A r c h i t e c t u r a l place o f historical interest i n 1993 by the
G o v e r n m e n t
Trang 18Dmh Binh An (Mieu Binh Thanh) do nhan dan lang Binh An xay di/ng
tu-cuoi the ky XVIII, den nam TifDiJc thtf 13 (Nham Thin 1832) dinh lang mdi
xay diTng lai kien co va giil nguyen den ngay nay Hien hay dinh Binh An
thuoc xa Binh Thanh, huyen Tuy Phong, Binh Thuan Cach thanh pho' Phan
Thiet khoang 110 km ve hifdng Dong Bac
De xay di/ng dinh lang viyng chai va co vi tri tot, theo quan niem
phong thiiy xifa, cac nha dia ly dan gian da tim difOc cuoc dat to't, nOi dat hinh
CO dang hinh "PhifOng Hoang am thiiy" (chim phi/dng hoang uo'ng niTdc) liTng
difa vao dong cat, mat trong ra hifdng bien va each bien chijfng 60m
Dinh CO tat ca 11 noc lien ke't va tao thanh mot tdng the rong Idn, mSi
cong trinh co mot chiJc nang rieng biet, nam tren mot dien tich 1400 m^ difcfc
bao boc bcfi tifcSng da day Trung tarn la Dinh chinh, tiep de'n toa Trung dinh, toa
Dai bai, ta mac, hCTu mac, cong Tam quan, nha thd Tien Hien, mie'u thd binh sT,
Ham Tuy mon, hang Thai mon
Dinh chinh thd Thanh Hoang lang cilng cac bac Tien bo'i co cong khan
hoang xay difng lang mac, di dan CiX dan ngay nay ciia lang Binh An va 1 so'
lang khac d Binh Thanh deu co xuat xiJ tijf 4 ho Idn Le, Nguyen, Huynh, Phan
tijT cac tinh mien Bac, mien Trung di ctf den tijT the" ky XVII
Dinh Binh An tiJf ngoai that, noi that mac dau co trung tu may Ian
nhu-ng vin gii? nguyen dtfOc ke't cau kien true va trang tri nghe thuat thud mdi
khdi dung Dac biet he thong cot keo, trinh, cot tron, tran thCfa lifu dUdc cac
In order to build the village's communal house firmly
in a good position, according to the ancient opinion of geomancy, the folk geographic have found a good plot of land where there is the form of " a water - drinking phoenix
" with the back leaning against a sand cavern, the face looking toward the sea and it is about 60 metres from the sea
This communal house has got 11 linking housetops altogether making a large overall, each project has got its own specific function, in a 1400 - square
0 metre area surrounded by a thick stone wall The centre is the main one, the next
is the Middle one The central chamber, the left room, the right room, the three
- door gate, the house for worshiping " Tien Hien" the shrine for worshiping fighters, " Ham Tuy Mon", " Hang Thai Mon"
The main one is used for worshiping the village's Tutelary God and the fore fathers who had merits and contribution in barrening the land to build the village Binh An village and some other Binh Thanh villages' present inhabitants are all from 4 large surnames Le, Nguyen, Huynh, Phan, evacuating from the provinces in the North and the Middle in the seventeenth century
Although its exterior and interior parts have been restored a few times,
it still keeps its original architectural structure and art decoration Especially, the system of poles, rafters, middle bar poles, screw jacks, curved - roof ceilings have been carved and sculptured very painstakingly by the ancient artisan - artists, expressing the natural sights vividly, keeping the whole value on the wooden body of the main parts in its wooden structure Binh An village's communal house has contained many Chinese - Vietnamese heritages and documents expressed on the horizontal boards inscribed with Chinese characters, parallel scrolls and a lot of other material cultural heritages This communal house has still preserved a marble tombstone engraved with the important events
in the process of erecting the communal house such as: choice of land site the
37
Trang 19bien phia trifdc khu vifc xay diTng dinh thi vcJ Nguyen Anh dau bung de, nhd c6
ba mu vifdn cl lang Binh An dd de, me tron con vuong Sau nay, khi len ngoi
vua, Gia Long tang cho dinh Binh An 2 quat long chim \dn mau trang, 2 tan IcJp
vai vang then kim tuyen, 2 Dai Hong chung moi cai nang 100 can, de nhd dn cong lao ciia dan giup nha vua khi xu'a
nghe nhan xiTa cham trd rat cong phu, mo ta sinh dong phong
canh thien nhien con nguyen gia tri tren than g6 d nhiTng bo
phan chinh trong ket ca'u go d dinh Dinh Binh An chiJa difng
nhieu tiflieu, di san Han Norn the hien tren Hoanh phi, lien
do'i va nhieu di san van hoa vat cha't khac Dinh con lu'u giu"
mot tarn bia da cam thach khac ghi lai nhiJng sif kien quan
trong trong qua trinh diTng dinh nhu": chon dia cuoc, thdi gian
thi cong, sir dong gdp cong ciia gia tri ngoi dinh Id lac Thanh
va 1 phan Ijch siJ lang Binh An Day la tarn bia da Idn, c6
chieu cao 1,40 m, chieu rong 0,60m la ta'm gia duy nhat con
lai trong cac ngoi dinh lang d Binh Thuan
Tu-dng truyen trong dan gian ghi lai rang : cuoi the
ky X V I I I mot Ian Nguyen Anh bi quan Tay Sdn duoi danh, da
difa doan tijy tiing va vd chay qua vung bien nay, khi den eo
Den nay Dinh Binh An la ngoi dinh Idn va dep, tieu bieu cho Id'i kien true nghe thuat dan gian d Binh Thuan
Dinh Binh An da du'dc Nha nUdc xep hang di tich kie'n true nghe thuat cap Quo'c gia nam 1996
building time, contribution of labour and properties, its value, Lac Thanh ceremony, and a part of Binh An village's history This
is a big stone tombstone with the height of 1.40 metres and the width of 0.60 metre - the only one left in Binh Thuan's village's communal houses
According to a folk legend, at the end of the eighteenth century, when Nguydn Anh was once followed and attacked by Tay Sdn's soldiers, he took his men and his wife across this sea area, when they came to the sea channel in front of the communal house - building area, Nguyen A n h ' s wife had a labor pain and gave birth to a child safely thanks to a local midwife's help at Binh An village Later, when taking the throne, King Gia Long offered to Binh An village's communal house 2 big white feather fans, 2 parasols made of gold thread - embroidered stuff, 2 Great Bells - each was 100 kilos heavy in order to remember and compensate on the local people's merit to help the King before
Nowadays, Binh An village's communal house is a large and beautiful one, typical for Binh Thuan's folk art architectural style
The Government classified Binh An village's communal house as the National Art - Architectural place of historical interest
in 1996
Trang 20THA BEN HOA BANG THEN SONG
C A T Y
Trang 21B\HH L A N G X U A N
Chgf L a u - B a c B i n h
Dinh lang Xuan Hoi kie'n tao vao nam Quy hoi 1803 nam Gia Long thu" hai va hoan chinh vao mot thdi gian sau do Dinh difdc xay di/ng tren vi tri da diTcfc chpn lira cao rao, thuan Idi va dam bao cac yeu to've phong thuy dia ly, dinh xoay mat ve hiTdng Nam, triTdc do la khiic quanh cua Song Luy Dau Trieu N g u y i n dinh Xuan Hoi thuoc huyen Hoa Da phu Ham Thuan nay la thon Xuan Hoi thuoc thi tra'n ChO Lau huyen Bac Binh
- each thanh pho Phan Thie't 65km ve phia Bac
Dau the'ky X I X dinh Xuan Hoi du'dc hoan tat, va day la mot trong nhiJng ngoi dinh co do so nhat cua tinh thanh Binh Thuan cu Dinh bao gom
9 noc : Dinh thd Than, Dinh thd Tien Hien, Hau Hien, nha Thanh Minh, nha nhom, nha khach, nha o'ng, nha am cong, nha tm va cdng tam quan Ngoai
ra con c6 nhffng kien true phii : Cong tien, an phong, vong thanh, cdng hau, cot ccf Dinh Xuan
Hoi CO kieu kie'n true nha kep, dan gian goi la
"Trijng thiem diep o'c" la lo'i kie'n true cd truyen
XUAN HOI VILLAGE'S COMMUNAL HOUSE
difOc xay difng de thd phijng T h a n T h a n h ,
khong ai diing lam nha
d
Ngoai that cua Dinh Xuan Hoi tren ndc gan hai con rdng dap ndi bang ky thuat dan gian, manh su", tren bd ndc, bd q u y e t cung du'Oc gan binh tu'dng giao long lam cho ndc
dinh vLfa dep, vifa tang
tinh oai nghiem
N o i that dinh suT dung nguyen lieu la cac l o a i gd q u y , he
t h o n g cac hang cot chinh diTdc chu trong, day la nhffng cot tru Idn,
tijf day lien ket vdi he thong keo, quyet, keo dam, trinh, xa ngang toa rdng ra toan bo ngdi dinh tao thanh mot khd'i lien ket viTng chac de nang dd bd mai ben tren Tat ca cac chi tiet kie'n true d e u difdc cham trd, trang tri nghe thuat, dac biet la nhilng cot trd'n cham khac cdng phu tao nen hinh tifOng hd phii sac net
Dinh chinh ndi vdi Tien du'dng la ndc nha tru'dc bang he thd'ng
Xuan Hoi village's communal house was built
in (Quy Hdi) the year 1803 - King Gia Long the second's year and completed later It was built on the convenient and high chosen position ensuring the factors of geomancy and geography, it faces toward the South and in front of it is a bend of the river Luy
At the beginning of Nguyen Dynasty, Xuan H d i village's communal house belonged to Hoa Da district, Ham Thuan prefect, now Xuan Hoi hamlet, Chd Lau town, Bac Binh district, 65 km North of Phan Thie't city
At the beginning of the nineteenth century, Xuan Hdi village's communal house was completed and this is one of the old Binh Thuan province's biggest ancient communal houses It consists of 9 housetops: the one for worshiping the God, the one
for worshiping "Tien Hien and Hau Hien", "Thanh Minh"" one, the meeting one, the sitting one, the
tubular one, the secret merit one, the kitchen and its three - door gate Besides, there are also the minor architectures: a front gate, a flagpole Xuan Hdi village's communal house has the architectural style
of "double house" called "Trilng thiem diep d'c" by folk - this is the traditional architectural style applied
to build places for worshiping Gods and Saints, not for living
The exterior part of Xuan H d i village's communal house: on the housetop, they installed two dragons embanked by pieces of porcelain folk techniques, on the ridge of its roof they also installed the image of water dragons making the housetop more beautiful and more majestic
The interior part of this communal house: the materials used were kinds of precious wood, the system of main pole lines was attached great importance, these big pole columns were connected with the system of rafters, pillars, middle bar poles
Trang 22Iran llufa ILTLI, nhcJ kit>n Uiic nay lam cho ngoi d i n h r o n g r a i hcfn, cao
hdn tranh difdc s i f n a n g ne cua phan m a i N o i that dinh bai t r i 10 k h a m
t h d bang go, da difOc c h a m khac, trang t r i nghe thuat, sdn son thep
v a n g , n d i len v d i hinh tiTdng "tiJ l i n h " : L o n g , L a n , Q u i , Phung T r e n
cac k h a m the) con trang t r i n h i e u loai hoanh p h i , l i e n do'i c d khac bang
chiJ H a n , n o i dung ca n g d i cong diJc cac v i than va cac bac T i e n b d i
cua lang T r o n g do c6 n h i l n g biJc hoanh, k h a m th5 co n i e n d a i lis ngay
tao difng d i n h
Nha t h d T i e n H i e n , H a u H i e n c6 d i e n tich tifcJng d d i r o n g v d i
36 cot chia thanh 5 gian thcf T i e n H i e n cua l a n g la ong L e T h a i ngUcfi
CO cong Idn trong viec khai khan lap lang va diTng dinh N h i n tdng the
n o i dung t h d phung trong dinh X u a n h o i , thiTc sif day la 1 B a o tang
t r u y e n tho'ng cua 1 l a n g c d ciia ngu'di V i e t , v d i day d i i nhifng gi l i e n
quan den d d i so'ng v a n hoa tinh than, t i n ngu'dng dan gian D o n g thdi
d day con lull giu" n h i e u di san van hoa va tu' l i e u quy ciia nhieu the
he trUdc, trong do cd ca 1 so' h i e n vat cua ngu'di C h a m g d i g a m thd
p h u n g d day, 12 d i e u sac than cua cac T r i e u N g u y e n ban tang cho cac
v i T h a n d d i n h lang X u a n H o i
D i n h X u a n H o i da trai qua 1 so' lan tu b d , nhu'ng ve cO ban van
giiJ n g u y e n diTOc gia t r i k i e n true ban dau va n o i dung thd p h i i n g , di
san v a n hoa ben trong van du'Oc bao ton trpn v e n Nha nu'dc da x e p
hang dinh X u a n H o i la di tich k i e n true nghe thuat cap Quo'c gia nam
1995
44
bars spreading o v e r the w h o l e c o m m u n a l house to make a strong l i n k i n g and
c o m b i n i n g mass system i n order to support the above roof A l l o f the architectural parts were carved and decorated i n art, especially the painstakingly carved screw jacks made the sharp image sealed w i t h a tiger head design
T h e m a i n one was connected w i t h the front h a l l by the front housetop
w i t h the system o f c u r v e d - r o o f c e i l i n g , this architectural style has made the
c o m m u n a l house larger and higher, a v o i d i n g the heaviness o f the r o o f part
T h e i n t e r i o r part was furnished 10 w o o d e n shrines carved, b e a u t i f u l l y decorated, red-lacquered and t r i m m e d w i t h g o l d , m o d e l e d up w i t h the images o f
"four sacred a n i m a l s " : D r a g o n , U n i c o r n , Tortoise, Phoenix These shrines w e r e also adorned w i t h several kinds o f horizontal boards inscribed w i t h Chinese characters, ancient parallel scrolls inscribed w i t h Chinese words w i t h contents to praise the Gods and the v i l l a g e ' s Forefathers' merits and v i r t u e Some o f these shrines and horizontal boards had the epoch on the day o f b u i l d i n g this c o m m u n a l house
T h e house used for w o r s h i p i n g " Tien Hien, Hau Hien" has got a
c o m p a r a t i v e l y large area w i t h 36 poles d i v i d i n g it in to 5 worship compartments
T h e v i l l a g e ' s " Tien Hien" is M r L e T h a i - w h o had the great m e r i t and
c o n t r i b u t i o n in b a r r e n i n g the l a n d to m a k e the v i l l a g e and in b u i l d i n g this
c o m m u n a l house on the first days T h r o u g h the o v e r a l l o f the worshipping content
in X u a n H o i v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house, w e can see that this is really a traditional
M u s e u m o f a Vietnamese ancient v i l l a g e w i t h a l l o f the things concerned w i t h
f o l k r e l i g i o n , mental and cultural l i f e A t the same t i m e , here, many previous generations' cultural heritages and precious documents have still been preserved and handed d o w n , among them, some o f C h a m p e o p l e ' s exhibits have been sent here to be w o r s h i p e d ; 12 modes o f god n o m i n a t i o n offered to the Gods in X u a n
H o i v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house by N g u y e n D y n a s t y ' s K i n g s
T h i s c o m m u n a l house has been i m p r o v e d a
H o i v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house as the N a t i o n a l A r t -
A r c h i t e c t u r a l p l a c e o f historical interest in 1995
45
Trang 23bl TfCH KIEN TRUC NGH| THUJ|T
DiNH LANG DUTC NGHTA
^hUcfng Diic Nghia - Phan Thiet - Binh Thudn
Dinh la
DiJc
DiJc NghTa diTdc xay difng vao nhiTng thap nien dau the ky Dinh lang DiJc Thang, vi nhCfng ly do khach quan ve phong tho ang dcfi dinh len dong cat lang Thanh DiJc va lay ten la Dinh khi sap nhap lang Thanh DiJc vdi Van Nam NghTa mdi c6 ten la
ay difng tren dong c^t cao, phia trifdc c6 ao sen Idn
DiJc NghTa co dang kien true gio'ng nhu'dinh lang DiJc Thang,
ng phan trang tri nghe thuat dac sac nhat trong tdng the dinh han xu'a da dung nghe thuat ghep manh sif, sanh de tao nen hinh tu'dng "TuT linh", nhiJng phan du'di cua mai ha,
cac hi1 noc bd quyet cung du'dc trang tri nghe thuat
lam cho ngoi dmh vCfa co kinh viTa trang nghiem
Nha thd Tien Hien, Hau Hien cung cd loi kien true nhtr dinh chinh nhimg chieu dai cd phan k^o ra hdn Day la dac trifng cua kie'n true dinh lang niVa sau the ky XIX d Binh Thuan
Noi that cua DTnh lang DiJc NghTa, nhat la d phan trang tii nghe thuat cham khac ben trong dinh chinh vdi he thong bao lam bang go, nhu'bu'crem nhu' xuong cac kham thd Than song dong bdi nhiTng day leo, hoa la, chim muong tiif nhttng cham khac cua ngifdi
thd xu'a Nghe thuSt trang tri Dinh lang DiJ-c NghTa ca
ngoai tha't va noi that pho'i hdp vdi nhau tao nen nhiTng du'dng net kie'n true cd hai hda va dat den
dinh cao so vdi 1 so ngoi dinh trong thdi ky nay
Noi dung thd phung ben trong nhrfmot kho tang lull tril hang trSm hien vat quy nhtfhoanh phi, lien do'i, kham thd da du'dc cham trd cong phu va dUdc lifu trujflB qua nhieu the he den ng^y nay
TiSn Hien ciia lang dang thd tai dinh gdm cac ong Nguyen Van Bang, Tran Van Kim, Le Van Hanh, Nguyen Van Thanh la nhffng dai dien cho cdc
hp cd cong khai khan lap lang, difng dinh ma ten tudi cua ho da du'dc dan liing tran trong khac ghi trong bai
vi thd d dinh
46
DlfC NGHIA VILLAGE'S COMMUNAL HOUSE
-AN ART - ARCHITECTURAL PLACE OF HISTORICAL
INTEREST
Difc NghTa Village's communal house was built in the decades at the beginning of the nineteenth century near DiJc Thang village's one, because of objective reasons about geomancy and geography the villagers moved it up to Thanh DiJc village's sand cavern and named it Thanh DiJc communal house, after Thanh DiJc village had been combined with Van Nam NghTa, it was named DiJc NghTa This communal house was built on a high sand cavern, with a large lotus pond in front
DiJc NghTa village's communal house has got the same architectural styles as DiJc Thang village's communal house's, its drum house is the place to concentrate the most special art decoration part in its overall Here the ancient artisan - artists have u.sed the techniques of uniting pieces of china ware and ear then ware in order to create the images of " Four sacred animals", the below parts
of its lower roof and housetop ridges have also been decorated in art, making the communal house both ancient time - honored and solemn
The houses for worshiping " Tien Hien, Hgu Hien' also have the same
architectural style as the main one but a little longer This is the architectural characteristic of the village's communal house at the second half of the nineteenth century in Binh Thuan province
The interior of DiJc nghTa village's communal house, especially the sculpture art decoration part inside the main one with the system of wooden balustrades, such as the curtains hanging down the God - worshiping shrines, has been very vivid and
lively with braces, flowers, leaves, birds carved and sculptured
by the ancient handicraftsmen The decoration art of DiJc NghTa village's communal house both
in the exterior and interior parts combined with each other has made harmonious ancient architectural
lines and got the high \w^m
top compared with ||j §|jf'i^il^ / i i '-^ligiii^^iggg^mi^ ' "^xfljj
Dinh IJng DCic NghIa • F 0 <K NghIa - Phan Thifc
47
Trang 24D i n h l a n g DiJc NghTa con lu^i giff
n h i e u d i san van hoa H a n n o m , trong do
CO de cap den rugng dat cua lang, den
l i c h suT van hoa dau the k y X I X nguon go'c
dan cif d l a n g quan trpng nha't trong so'
do CO 13 sac phong ciia cac d d i vua T r i e u
N g u y e n ban tang cho T h a n h H o a n g l a n g
cung cac v i than khac, ke ca n U T h a n T h i e n
Y A n a D i i n N g o c Phi cua ngu'di C h a m
Cac nghi thiJc c t i n g te c h i n h d
d i n h l a n g vao d i p te X u a n tCf 14-16 thang
g i e n g A m lich va te T h u tij" 14-16 thang 8
A m l i c h
D i n h lang DuTc NghTa da dUcJc Nha
nu'dc x e p hang di tich k i e n triic nghe thuat
c a p Q u o c g i a nam 1991, la mot trong nhifng
n g o i d i n h cd trong danh sach cac n g o i d i n h
CO d V i e t Nam
s o m e c o m m u n a l houses i n t h i s
p e r i o d
T h e i n n e r w o r s h i p i n g
content is like a treasure preserving
hundreds o f precious exhibits such
as horizontal boards inscribed w i t h
Chinese characters, parallel scrolls,
shrines w h i c h have been c a r v e d
and sculptured painstakingly and
w i t h their merits i n d e v e l o p i n g the
new land to make the v i l l a g e and
to e r e c t the c o m m u n a l house
-whose names and ages have been
48
Tinh xa NgQC Cat - Dire NghTa - Phan T h i l t
I m p r i n t e d respectfully in the ancestral tablets w o r s h i p e d in the
c o m m u n a l house by the v i l l a g e r s
DiJc NghTa v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house has still conserved a
l o t o f Chinese - f o r m e r V i e t n a m e s e cultural heritages, w h i c h have
m e n t i o n e d the v i l l a g e ' s land and fields, history and culture at the
b e g i n n i n g o f the nineteenth century, the v i l l a g e r s ' o r i g i n among them, the most important are 13 nominations granted to the v i l l a g e ' s
T u t e l a r y G o d w i t h other Gods i n c l u d i n g C h a m p e o p l e ' s Goddess
Difc NghTa v i l l a g e ' s c o m m u n a l house was classified as the
N a t i o n a l A r t - A r c h i t e c t u r a l place o f historical interest in 1991 by the G o v e r n m e n t It is one o f the ancient c o m m u n a l houses i n the list o f the V i e t n a m e s e ancient ones
49
Trang 25V T H A N G
DlTC THANG VILLAGE'S COMMUNAL HOUSE
-AN ART-ARCHITECTURAL PLACE OF HISTORICAL
INTER-Phudng Ditc Thang - Phan Thiet
Dinh lang DiJc Thang khi mdi
khdi difng nam d trung tam xa DiJc
Thang thuoc phu Ham Thuan nay la
phifdng DiJc Thang thanh pho' Phan
Thiet
Dinh lang DiJc Thing diTdc
xay difng tCf nhUng nam dau the ky
XIX luc do chi la nha tranh vach da't
de lam ndi thd Thanh Hoang lang va
ndi hoi hop cua Hoi dong ky muc
Mai den nam 1841 khi chuan bi day
dij vat lieu va tien bac mdi xay difng
kien co' va be the', nam Dinh Mui
1811 khdi cong nhiTng vi day la ngoi
dinh CO quy mo Idn nhat liic bay gid
d Phan Thiet nen mai den nam 1847
mdi hoan chinh, ke ca cac cong trinh
phu Tai lieu con lu'u d dinh Ditc
Thang ghi ro viec xay di/ng dinh lang
DiJc Thang tCr "Tan SiJu chi Dinh Mui"
Dinh DiJc Thang xay difng
theo loi kien triic dan gian "Tu" tru "
tiJc la dijng 4 cay cot dinh Idn lam cot
chinh, tCr day toa ra va lien ke't vdi
het thay cac ket cau kien true b^ng
go khac Cac cong trinh cua dinh nhif
dinh chinh, nha v6 ca, nha thd Tien
Hien, Hau Hien hdp thanh 1 tdng the
kien triic rong Idn va lien ket chat
che vdi nhau
Difc Thang village's communal house was built firstly in the centre of DiJc Thang commune
Ham Thuan district now DiJc Thang quarter, Phan Thiet city
This communal house was built at the beginning of the nineteenth century, at that time it was only a thatched-roof house used for worshiping the village's tutelary God and for the village elders' Council's meetings In 1841 it was built strongly, firmly and magnificently with the preparation of sufficient materials and money, in 1811 it was started but this was the communal house of the biggest scale in Phan Thiet then, so until 1847 it was completed, including its side projects The document kept
in DiJc Thang's communal house clearly states the building of Ditc Thang village's communal house
lasted from 1811 to 1847 " Tan Svlu chi Dinh Mui" - the names of these
years (the years of Buffalo and Goat)
Difc Thang village's communal house was built according
to the folk architectural style of "four poles", meaning that 4 big poles were used as the main ones combining and linking with all of the other wooden
Trang 26Ngoai that dinh deu diTdc trang tri nghe thuat
bang ky thuat dap ndi va ghep manh sanh tao nen nhieu
tac pham cham khac dep phu hdp vdi tin ngiTOng dan
gian d dinh Rieng phan cd lau tren dinh chinh la ndi tap
trung cac tac pham trang tri nghe thuat, dap ndi nhilng
biJc tranh dan gian, canh thien nhien muong thii va cac
dien tich xu'a
Npi that dinh bai tri nhieu kham thcf, hai ben
treo cac cau l i i n , ben tren dat nhifng tam hoanh, doc
theo kham thd nhieu bao lam gd dUOc nghe nhan xu'a
dung ky thuat cham long de the hien de tai, tao nen
nhieu hinh tu'Ong, phong canh thien nhien sinh dong
NhiJng tac pham dieu khac bang gd nay phan Idn c6
nien dai tij* thdi cac vua Trieu N g u y i n , trong do 1 so c6
tCr thcfi Tir DiJc
Nha thd Tien Hien la ndi bai tri nhieu nhiJng
hoanh phi cd Idn, nhiTng cau l i l n vdi nhCfng bai thd
ghep manh xa cijf, tat ca nhilng ban thd deu cham trd
dieu khac the hien hinh tu'dng "TiJ linh" Tien Hien ciia
Dinh lang Difc Thang c6 thd nhieu ngUdi nhu'ng tieu
bieu la ong Tran Chat ma trong dan gian con ghi lai sif
tich va long can dam cua ong, vi bao ve quyen Idi ciia
dan lang DiJc Thang, ong da chan xe ngi/a ciia Ta quan
Le Van Duyet tren du'dng di kinh ly phia Nam de xin
xay cau, dat chd V i bi dij'ng xe v6 cd, Ta quan Le Van
Duyet ra lenh chem dau tai cho Sau khi ve den Hue',
xem lai td sd ciia ong Le Van Duyet mdi lay lam hd^i han
va xin vua ban cho ong la Tien Hien cua lang DiJc Thang
va ra linh thd phung
Dinh lang Difc Thang hien con lu'u giiJ nhieu
sac phong do cac Vua Trieu Nguyen ban tang, den nay
con rat td't
Xet ve tdng the kien true, Dinh lang DiJc Thang
la ngoi dinh cd quy mo dd so vao loai nhat d phii Ham
Thuan thdi bay gid va ca khu viTc Phan Thie't ngay nay
La mot trong nhu'ng ngoi dinh cd ten trong danh sach
nhffng ngoi dinh cd cua Viet Nam Tii xu'a de'n nay Dinh
lang DiJc Thang van td chiJc deu dan cac nghi Id te
Xuan vao ngay 1 5 - 1 6 thang 2 A m lich va te Thu vao
ngay 16 thang 9 A m lich hang nam Dinh lang Di^c Thang
da du'dc Nha nUdc xep hang di tich kien trdc nghe thuat
cap Quo'c gia nam 1991
52
Oinh l^ng OOc Thing - F Dure Thing - Phan Thilt
architectural structures Its projects such as the main house, the house for Song Dance group, the ones for worshiping Tien Hien, Hau Hien have combined into
-a l-arge -architectur-al over-all -and linked with e-ach other closely -and strongly
The exterior parts have been decorated in art by the techniques of modelling up and uniting pieces of earthen ware making a lot of beautifully -carved works suitable for the folk religion at the communal house And the drum part in the main house is the place to concentrate the art - decorated works modeled up by folk pictures, natural sights of animals and ancient classical examples
The interior part has been furnished with lots of shrines, on the either side hanging parallel scrolls above which they have put horizontal boards inscribed with Chinese characters, along the shrines, the ancient artisan - artists have used the techniques to sculpture many wooden balu.strades in order to express the subject, making a lot of lively natural sights and images Most of these wooden sculpture works have had the epoch since the time of Nguydn Dynasty's Kings, some of them since King Tif DtJc's time The house for
worshiping "Tien Hien" is the place to adorn many large horizontal boards
inscribed with Chinese characters and parallel scrolls with the poems united by pieces of mother - of - pearls, all of the altars have been carved and sculptured expressing the images of " Four sacred animals" DiJc Thang village's communal
house's " Tien Hien" is several people but typically M r Tran Chat, whose
biography and courage have still been written down by the folk Because he
53
Trang 27PHOHQI
Xa Ham Hi^p - Ham Thuan Bac - BinhThu4n
Dinh lang Phii Hoi dMc xay difng vao nhffng nam
dau theky XIX va may chuc nam sau do, hoan chinh dan
nhieu cong trinh khac trong tdng the kien true va ke't thuc
qua trinh xay difng vao nam Thieu Tri thiJ 7 (Dinh Miai
1847) Hien nay Dinh thupc lang Phii Hoi, xa Ham Hiep,
huyen Ham Thuan Bac each thanh phd Phan Thiet 7km ve
hi^dng Tay
Dinh Phu Hoi c6 bd' cue mat bang rpng Idn, kie'n
triie chat che, nhjp nhang, cac cong trinh kie'n true deu
du'cJc bo' tri vao cac vi tri c6 y nghTa tien, hau, ta, hiJu,
thu'dng, ha rat nhat quan Dinh chinh thd Thanh Hoang
lang, tie'p den Tien Hien, V5 ca, nha Nhom, Tien diidng,
Hau eat, nha be'p, edng Tam quan, Nha khaeh Phia tru'dc
dinh lang la ao sen, cau go din vao dinh vdi mot dien tich
rong nhat trong cae dinh lang ciia phii Ham Thuan luc bay
gid
Trong khang chie'n cho'ng Phap va ehd^ng My day
la dia ban ae liet nhat la viing tranh chap giila ta va dieh,
da tifng bj dieh pha 1 so' cong trinh kie'n true ciia dinh lang
de lam don bdt Sau ngay giai phong, hau nhu' ehi eon lai
nhiJng phan chinh ciia dinh thc( Than, nha thd Tien Hien,
nha Nhom, con lai da bi pha hiiy vTnh viln
Dinh chinh hien con giu' diidc cd ban nhi^ng difdng
net kie'n true xu'a Dae diem ndi bat ve kie'n true d dinh
Phu Hoi la d cae vi keo dtfcJc gac len nhau, nd^i dai ra trong
dan gian goi la he thd^ng keo no'i, vifa uyen ehuyen, vufa
chae ehan lai viifa c6 net my thuat lam nhe di tam nhin
Day la tru'dng hcfp su" dung he thd^ng keo nd^i trong cac
ngoi dinh d trong khu viTc NhCng noe nha trong tdng the
dinh khong theo mot khuon khd nhat djnh, moi ndc mot
khac Day cung c6 the du'dc coi la lo'i kie'n true phiJc tap
va sang tao van dung d dinh Phu Hoi, trong dan gian it cd
Dinh Phu Hoi hien eon giiJ lai 5 sac phong do eac
ddi Vua Trieu Nguyin phong tang cho cac vi Than du'dc
55
Trang 28PHV HQl
MUN
GE'S OUSE
COM-Phii Hoi vi
at the beginning of
decades later, conip
architectural overa
Tri the seventh's yesfr
's communal house was built in the years nineteenth century and in the next few
I gradually with many other projects in the they finished the building process in Thieu inh M u i 1847) Now this communal house belongs to Phii Hoi village, Ham Hiep commune, Ham Thuan Bac
district, 7 km west of Phan Thie't city
Phu Hoi communal house has got a large horizontal surface plot, close rhythmic architecture, its architectural projects have been arranged into the positions with very united meanings of front, back, left, right, upper, lower The main one for worshiping the village's
Tutelary God, next for "Tien Hien", the
one for Song - Dance Group, the meeting one, the front hall, the Back one, the kitchen, 3 - door gate, the one for visitors
In front of it are a lotus pond and a wooden bridge leading to this communal house with the largest area compared with other village's communal houses of Ham Thuan district at that time
In the resistance war against the French co lonia lists and the US imperialists, this was the most violent area, the disputing ground between our army and the enemy, and the enemy destroyed some of the v i l l a g e ' s communal house's architectural projects
in order to make military posts After the liberation day, there were virtually only the main parts of the God temple, the one for worshiping Tien Hien, the meeting house, the others were destroyed forever
Now the main one still keeps its ancient architectural lines basically Phii
H o i communal house's outstanding architectural characteristic is that the
the! d Dinh lang Trong 2 cupc chien tranh ac liet dan lang van giiJ
du'dc nguyen ven ca 5 sac phong, bcfi nhan dan d day coi nhu' vat
bao thieng lieng cua lang va ho giiJ gin het siJc can than nhu" mot cogSng bao ve truyen thong Dinh lang Phii Hoi c6 gia tri hdn khi hien nay no la ngoi dinh co duy nhat con lai tren dat huyen Ham Thuan
Dinh Phu Hoi da du'Oc Nha nvtdc xep hang di tich Ijch su"
van hoa cap Quo'c gia nam 1995
Uinh lang Phu Hoi - Xa t lam f liep - Ham Thuan Bac
rafters have been placed on each other and lengthened to make the system of linking rafters called by the folk, they are both flowing, strong, durable and aesthetic, making the eye - shot lighter This is the case to use the sy.stem of linking rafters in the area's communal houses The housetops in its overall have got different shapes and sizes This is also considered as the rare complicated architectural style and the creativeness applied for Phu Hoi communal house
Phii Hoi communal house now still keeps 5 nominations granted to the Gods worshiped in the village's communal house by Nguyen Dynasty's Kings In the 2 severe wars, the villagers still kept all of these 5 nominations integrally, because the local people here have considered them as the village's sacred precious things and they have preserved them very carefully as an effort to protect their tradition Phii Hoi village's communal house is more valuable when nowadays it is the only ancient one left on the land of Ham Thuan district
The Government classified Phii Hoi village's communal house as the National Cultural Historical place of interest in 1995
57
Trang 29C h a m xay di/ng tiT n h i l n g c u o i t h e ' k y V I I I dau the k y I X thupc phong each k i e n true nghe t h u a t H o a l a i - m p t t r o n g n h i l n g phong each k i e n true nghe thuat co cua Vu'Png quo'c C h a m pa, ma h i e n nay nhiJng
n g o i thap nay con l a i rat i t nhif 1 so' phe' tich cf k h u thanh dja M y SPn, con l a i n h o m Hoa l a i (Phan Rang) n h o m P o D a m ( T u y Phong - B i n h T h u a n ) va t^Png do'i nguyen ven la n h o m d e n thap PoShanu"
N h o m thap g o m c6 3 thap : T h a p chinh A h d i nhich ve phia N a m , hai thap phu la B hdi nhich ve phia Bac va^ C nhe'ch
ve hu'dng D o n g , canh thap A N p i dung cua v i e c x a y difng n h o m thap trong g i a i doan l i c h stj" nay de thd than Shiva ( m p t
t r o n g nhiJng v i t h a n A n dp g i a o di/Pc ngu'di C h a m siang b a i , t o n k i n h ) b i e u h i 6 n bang be t h d L i n g a - Y o n i bang da h i e n con
liiu giCf t a i thap c h i n h D e n the' k y X V
ngu'di C h a m tie'p tuc xay dufng m p t so' den t h d dang k i e n triic ddn g i a n de t h d
Ceng chua Pdshamr, tu'Png t r u y i n la con vua ParaChanh du'dc nhan dan y e u quy
ve t a i du'c va phep iJng xiJ cua Ba do'i v d i ngu'di C h a m du'dng t h d i Nhifng cupc
k h a i quat k h a p co' hoc tiT 1992 -^1995 da phat h i e n n h i e u nen m d n g cua nhiJng
n g o i d e n b i sup do va b i v i i i M ^ p i a n g trSm nSm nay, c i l n g v d i gach, n g o i va 1
^ T h e group o f Poshanu' C h a m t o w e r temples are situated on B a N a i h i l l top at Phu H a i c o m m u n e , about 7 K m N o r t h - East o f Phan T h i e t c i t y F r o m the end o f the e i g h t h c e n t u r y to the b e g i n n i n g o f the ninth century, they w e r e constructed in the manner o f Hoa L a i art architecture - one o f Champa K i n g d o m ' s ancient art archectectural manners, but now there are o n l y very a f e w o f these
t o w e r temples left such as some ruins i n M y SPn H o l y L a n d area, H o a L a i group (Phan Rang) and P o D a m one ( T u y Phong - B i n h T h u a n ) left and o n l y the group
o f Poshanif t o w e r temples are c o m p a r a t i v e l y i n t e g r a l
T h i s t o w e r group consists o f 3 towers : T h e m a i n one ( A ) slightly moves aside t o w a r d the South, t w o side towers B slightly t o w a r d the N o r t h and C
t o w a r d the East, beside A T h e purpose o f b u i l d i n g this t o w e r group in this historical stage was to worship Shiva G o d (one o f H i d u i s m ' s Gods w o r s h i p e d and honoured by C h a m people) on L i n g a - Y o n i stone altar base n o w still preserved
Trang 30tich kien
so' hien vat trong M©g cac den thap c6 nien dai tif the' ky XV Tif day thap c6
ten gpi la Posl^nii'
^en thap Cham c6 vai tro quan trong trong so'cac di
ii^Thuan, tij" hinh dang kien true den ky thuat xay
di/ng va trang tri nghe thuat tren than thap,
^ cac vom cuo'n, cac ciJa chinh, ciJa gia, trong
f long va len den dinh thap Rieng ky thuat
r xay di/ng va trang tri nghe thuat con lai d
than thap du gdi len yeu to' tham my kha rieng biet cua phong each Hoa lai
Thap chinh A tijf trong long thap len den dinh 15m, canh day moi
be g i n 10m, mot cii'a chinh dai, hifdng
ve phia Dong ma theo truyen thuye't Cham htfdng Dong la ndi cu' ngu cua Than linh Co 3 ciJa gia ci nhCTng hu'dng
Bac, Tay, Nam T r e n v o m cuo'n d
hifdng Tay hien con nhiJng day cham khac day dac vdi nhiJng bong hoa va hinh tifcfng ky la
Thap CO 4 tang cang len cao cang
thu nho lai va bdt di cac yeu to' kien true cua tang difdii Tren dinh
thap CO 4 cijfa so hinh tam giac
hu'dng ve 4 phia, ben ngoai xay bit kin, difdi moi cufa so gach c6 4
16 Idn de thong gio ra ngoai
Thap B nam rieng nhlch
ve hu'dng Bac cao khoang 12m,
ve cd ban hinh dang kie'n true
giong thap A nhirng ddn giiin hdn Trifdc day trong thap c6 thd con bo than
Nandin nhu'ng sau do khong tha'y nCTa Nam 1995 liic khai quat du'di long dat da
tim tha'y 1 ban chan va 1 tai bo Than bang da Thap C hien chi con lai vdi chieu
cao hdn 4m, duy nhat 1 ciJa trd ve hu'dng Dong nhu'ng kien true va trang tri nghe
thuat ben ngoai da bi thdi gian bao mon chi con lai mot so' diTdng net go'c
So vdi nhilng thap Cham khac, den nay di tich nay hang nam van c6
dong dao ngiTdi Cham tijf cac viing lapcan den lam le cau mifa va nhilng nghi
le khac lien quan den phong tuc t a p ' c ^ n cua ho Mot dieu kha ly thu niJa la
60
do'i vdi ngu'dan nhu'ng vdng Ian can trUdc khi di bien cung den day cau xin cho nhSng chuye'n di bien difpc binh yen
Nhdm den thap Cham Po.shanu' da du'dc tu bd ton tao tij' 1990 - 2000
va hien nay da hoan chinh viec tu bd di tich D i tich nay da du'dc Nha niTdc xep hang di tich kien triic nghe thuat quo'c gia nam 1991
with bricks, tiles and some commodities inside the tower temples in the epoch from the fifteenth century
Since then, this tower temple group has got the name of Poshanu'
Poshanu' is the group of Cham tower temples with the important role among Binh Thuan's Cham architectural places of historical interest, from the architectural form to the building technique and art decoration on the body, the rolling domes, the main doors and false ones inside and up to the top Only the building technique and art decoration on the tower body can evoke quite specific aesthetic factor of Hoa Lai manner
The main one (A) is 15 metres from the bottom to the top, each (bottom) base side is nearly 10 metres, a long main door toward the East is The God Spirit's inhabiting place according to Cham legend There are three false doors in the North, the West and the South On the West-rolling dome, there are now still densely carved and sculptured lines with strange flowers and figures The tower has 4 stages, higher smaller and less architectural factors than the lower stages
On the top, there are 4 triangular windows toward 4 directions bricked up outside, under each window there are 4 big holes for the wind in and out
The B tower is located separately slightly toward the North, about 12 metres high, basically its architectural form is the same as the A tower's but more simple Inside this tower, the god cow Nandin used to be worshiped but not any more lately In 1995, the God cow's stone foot and ear were found when being unearthed The C tower is now only 4 metres high, with only door opening toward the East Its architectures and outside art decoration have been planed away by the time, now there are some original lines left
61
Trang 31Compared with other Cham tower, until now every year, crowds
of Cham people from the nearby areas come here in order to carry out the
ritual of appealing for the rain and other religious ones related to their
own customs and habits
Another interesting thing
is that the fishermen living
in the vicinity also come here to appeal for safe sea journeys before they go out to the sea
The group of PoshahiT Cham t o w e r temples were repaired, improved and upgraded from 1990 to 2000 and now
c o m p l e t e d The Government classified this
place of historical interest
as the N a t i o n a l art architectural one in 1991
THE PRINECE'S CASTti
Phu Hdi - Phan Thie't
L ^ u (3ng
Hoang bao gdm mot
q u i n the doi nui, song,
b i e n , chua thap tao
t h a n h khu danh lam
th^ng canh ndi len vdi
ngpn nui Co' tu'dng doi cao va 4 ngpn doi nhap nho sat bien, dep nhat
la nui Co, doi Ba Nai,
cxia song Phii Hai va bd
bien cung nhffng lang
c h a i xifa ca'ch Phan Thie't 7km ve hiTdng Dong Bac
Nguyen vong cua ong
da du'pc nha cam quyen Pha'p d B i n h T h u a n
The Prince's castle consists of a community of the hills, the mountain, the river, the sea and the tower pagoda creating an area of beautiful sights with the salient points of comparatively high
"Co'" mountain top and 4 up and down hills next to the sea; the most beautiful are "Co' mountain, Ba Nai hill, Phu Hai coastal estuary and the beach with the old fishing villages 7 km North East of Phan Thie't city
-In 1911, a French prince as well as Duke De Montpensier from France cam here for traveling and hunting in the nearby hills, he realized the sights of mountain and water here were very beautiful, so he decided to buy a plot of land here to build a villa also used as a place where he could rest when hunting and traveling later The French authority
in Binh Thuan (Ambassador Gamier) agreed to sell him Ba Nai hill according
to his expectation
On the 21^' of February 1911 this
v i l l a was started to be built and completed nearly one year later, with the area of 536 m^ and 13 rooms The villa area was built at the place nearby 100 metres South of Cham tower temple group Poshani^ In the process of transporting the materials up to build the villa area, the French destroyed the wall
in front of the Tower's main door This was a beautiful and comfortable villa with electric generators at night; under
Trang 32B a N a i
N g a y 21 thang 2 n a m 1911
b i e t thir du'dc k h d i cong xay difng va
gan 1 n a m sau do hoan chinh, v(3i d i e n tich r p n g 5 3 6 m - chia t h a n h 13 p h o n g
K h u b i e t t h i / du'dc x a y d i / n g e a c h
n h o m d e n thap C h a m Poshanu" gan 100m ve phia N a m T r o n g qua t r i n h van c h u y e n vat l i e u l e n xay diTng k h u
b i e t t h i / , ngu'di P h a p da l a m h o n g
tu'dng thanh phia tru"dc ciJa c h i n h cua
T h a p D a y la b i e t thu" dep, day du t i e n nghi ban d e m c6 m a y phat d i e n difdi
b i e t thif CO n h i e u h a m n g a m chita nifdc mu'a du cho nhiJng ngu'di t r o n g
b i e t thLf d u n g trong 1 n a m , du'dc coi
la h i e n d a i nhat B i n h T h u a n l u c bay
g i d TiT do trci di nhan dan Phan T h i e t
q u e n g o i k h u viTc nay la d o i " L a u O n g H o a n g " de c h i n g p n d o i c6 k h u b i e t
t h y to d e p do c o n g txidc D e M o n t p e n s i e r xay difng
T h a n g 7 n a m 1917 cong tu'dc De M o n t p e n s i e r ban l a i cho chii
khach san ngu'di Phap Prasetts Sau k h i c6 L a u O n g H o a n g m o t ngu'di Phap
t e n la B e l l da xay diTng H o t e l N g p c L a m d qua d o i b e n canh de phuc v u
ngu'di Phap V a i chuc n a m sau t h i si H a n M a c Tu" da d e n dia danh nay va da
de l a i n h i e u k y n i e m , k h i e n cho L a u O n g H o a n g cang cd y nghla T r o n g
k h a n g c h i e n chong Phap dii bi t i e u h i l y , ngay nay c h i con l a i toan bp nen *'*
m o n g , hSm n g a m chiJa nu'dc va nhiJng k y iJc t r o n g ngu'di dan Phan T h i e t
C l i n g t a i L a u O n g H o a n g , q u a n Phap xay difng d d a y m o t he
thong d o n b o t v d i n h i e u 16 co't b e t d n g co't t h e p chSc chan de k h o n g che
k h u virc thi xa Phan T h i c l N g a y 14 t h a n g 6 n a m 1947, ndi day da d i i n n i >
tran danh t u y e t v d i cua m o t t i e u d p i thuoc ddn v i H o a n g H o a T h a m do '
d o n g c h i N g u y e n M i n h Chan chi buy d i e t n h i e u d i c h , thu n h i e u siing dan
cac l o a i , trong do cd m o t k h a u d a i l i e n V i t k e , mot sung i r u n g liC-n Bren va
n h i e u chie'n I d i p h a m khac tCr do nhan dan ta quen g o i la c h i c i i thang L a u
O n g H o a n g HiC-n nay, L a u O n g H o a n g la nipt quan the du I k h hap dan bao
g d m : N h o m thap C h a m c o , b e n c a n h thap c6 chiia BiJu Sdn tiT co k i n h ,
du'di chan d o i la bd b i e n , cihi song Phu H a i , n i i i Co ndi cd m o ciia nhii t h d
N g u y e n T h o n g T a t ca hdp thanh m o t quSn the d i tfch lich su" van hoa va
danh l a m thang canh d Phan T h i e t
64
Thap PoshaNu - Phii Hai - l^ian Jhik
t h e v i l l a t h e r e w e r e a l o t o f t u n n e l s containing r a i n w a t e r enough for the people
l i v i n g i n the v i l l a i n a year, this v i l l a was considered as the most m o d e r n one in B i n h Thuan at that time From then on, Phan T h i e t people have been used to c a l l i n g this area
" L a u O n g H o a n g _ P r i n c e ' s C a s t l e " h i l l , because o n this h i l l t h e r e used to be a
b e a u t i f u l b i g v i l l a area b u i l t by D u k e D e
M o n t p e n s i e r
I n July 1917 D u k e D e M o n t p e n s i e r sold it to Prasetts _ a French hotel o w n e r
A f t e r there was " T h e Prince's Castle", a
F r e n c h m a n n a m e d B e l l b u i l t Ngpc L a m hotel on the nearby h i l l to serve F r e n c h people Some ten years later, poet H a n M a c TiJ came to this site and left here a lot o f memories, m a k i n g the Prince's Castle more
65
Trang 33meaningful" I n the anti _ French c o l o n i a l i s t resistance, this castle was
destroyed, nowadays there are only its w h o l e base, water _ c o n t a i n i n g
tunnels left and the memories i n Phan T h i e t people's minds
A l s o at the Prince's castle, the French army built a system o f m i l i t a r y
posts w i t h a lot o f strong durable blockhouses made o f steel and concrete
in order to control the area o f Phan Thie't t o w n O n the 14"'of June, 1947
here, there was a w o n d e r f u l battle o f a squad b e l o n g i n g to H o a n g Hoa
T h a m unit led by comrade N g u y e n M i n h Chau; they k i l l e d lots o f enemies,
got many guns and bullets o f a l l kinds; among t h e m there was a heavy
machine gun V i t k e , a m i d d l e machine _ gun B r e n and many other w a r trophies; since then our local people have called it the victory o f the
P r i n c e ' s C a s t l e N o w T h e P r i n c e ' s castle is an a t t r a c t i v e t o u r i s t
c o m m u n i t y i n c l u d i n g : the ancient C h a m t o w e r group, beside the t o w e r
is the t i m e - h o n o u r e d ancient Bvlu Sdn pagoda, under the h i l l foot are
the seashore, Phu H a i coastal estuary, "Co'" mountain w h e r e there is poet N g u y e n T h o n g ' s t o m b
A l l o f t h e m have c o m b i n e d w i t h one another into a c o m m u n i t y o f the
c u l t u r a l place o f historical interest and beautiful sights i n Phan Thie't
c i t y
Trang 34Xa Phu Hai - Phan Thiet
Nguyen Thong la nha tri thiJc yeu nu'dc, nha tho, nha van va nha hoat
dong xa hoi c6 anh hu'dng Idn 6 mien Nam nu'dc ta nijfa dau the ky X I X Sau khi
mat, theo nguyen vong khi con song Cu du'dc gia dinh, ban be chon cat dU'di
chan Niii Co' thupc xa Phii Hai, each thanh pho Phan Thiet 9km ve phia Dong
Nguyen Thong sinh ngay 28 thang 5 nam 1827 tai lang Binh Thanh,
tdng Thach Hoi Ha, huyen Tan Thanh, phu Tan An, tinh Gia Dinh Ong la ngiTdi
hoc rgng tai cao, du'dc trieu dinh Hue' giao giu' nhieu chiJc vu quan trong va
du'dc bd nhiem lam quan d mot so'tinh, trong do c6 tinh Binh Thuan, Vinh Long,
Quang Ngai Tuy lam quan trong trieu dinh nhutig ong rat cam thil Thifc dan
Phap Nhffng nam d Binh Thuan Nguyen Thong da c6 y thiJc chuan bi ke hoach
xay difng can ciJ cho'ng Phap lau dai
Ong da di rat nhieu ndi trong tinh Binh
Thuan, da phat hien nhieu khu vifc dat
dai trii phu nhu" khu vifc song La Nga,
DiJc Linh va chinh nhCfng dieu tai nghe
mat thay sau nay de lai cho ddi nhieu
tac pham van thd hay Nguyen Thong
da tap hdp dan " t i dia" lap ra "Dong
Chau xa " de tao cho ho c6 to chiJc ttfdng tif lam an san xuat on dinh cuoc song
tai Binh Thuan sau khi lanh tiif trong Nam ra
N g u y i n Thong mua dat cat nha tai Phan Thiet va ong coi day la que
hu'dng thiJ hai cua minh (khu viTc di tich Due Thanh hien nay) Nam 1880 ong cat
them mot ngoi nha nho dat ten la "Ngoa du sao" nghia la "To nam chdi" de
doc sach lam thO Den nay trong "Ngoa du sao" van con 2 cau lien cua Nguyen
Tu' Gian tang Nguyen Thong cung la hien vat trong khu di tich Due Thanh La
68
NGUYEN THONG'S MAUSOLEUM AREA
•Jguyln Thong was an intellectual patriot; a poet, a writer and a social activist with the great influence in the South of our country at the second half of the nineteenth century After his death, according to his expectation when alive, his family and his friends buried him at the foot of N i i i Co belonging to Phii Hai commune, 9 km East of Phan Thiet city
Nguyen Thong was born on the 28* of May 1827 at Binh Thanh village, Thach Hoi Ha canton, Tan Thanh district, Tan An prefect, Gia Dinh province
He was a well - educated talented man; Hue'imperial court offered him several important positions / offices and appointed him to be a mandarin in the Imperial
Court, he hated the French colonialists very much In the years when he stayed in B i n h Thuan province, he had the sense to prepare the plan to build a base for struggling against the French colonialists for a long time He came to so many places
in B i n h Thuan p r o v i n c e , and discovered lots of rich and popular land areas such as the ones of the rivers La Nga, DiJc Linh and what he himself heard and saw later left the life a lot of excellent works of poems and proses N g u y e n T h o n g
I assembled the "land refugees" to
' make "Dong Chau commune" in order to give them conditions to do business and to produce in order to settle their lives in Binh Thuan after they evacuated from the South
N g u y i n Thong bought a plot of land and built a house in Phan Thiet and he considered this as his
69
Trang 35LSng mO Nguyen Th6ng - PhO HSi - Phan Thi^t
nha tri thiJc yeu nrfdc, vdi vo'n tich IQy nhieu, di nhieu va hieu bie't nhieu, ong
da lam nhieu thcf van va ra ddi hang chuc quyen ciia cac bp "Ngpa du sao tap",
"Don am van tap", "Ky xuyen van sao", "DifSng chinh luc"
Nhi?ng nam thang cuo'i ddi Nguyen Thong da de lai cho ban be, gia
dinh va nhan dan Phan Thiet tam long kinh yeu Ong mat ngay 7 thang 7 nam
1884 (tiJc ngay 27 thang 8 nam Giap Than)
Mp chi ciia Nguyin Thong xay ca't du'di chan nui Ngpc Sdn (mii Co')
thupc thon Ngpc Lam xa Phu Hai, thanh pho Phan Thiet Liic con so'ng Nguyin
Thong thu'dng ngay qua day chpn niii Co' lam nPi yen nghi ciia minh Niii Co" c6
nhieu cay col, chim choc, d\Sdi chan niii la bien ca tao nen phong canh sPn thiiy
hiJu tinh
Ngoi mp du'pc xay gian di, gan gui nhu'tam long va con ngu'di ciia ong
Mp CO chieu dai 9,45m rpng 6,35m phan chinh mp dap hinh con Ian nhif nhCng
ngoi mp ngu'di xu'a Tren mp c6 tam bia bang da, khac chCf Han, npi dung tren
bia la bai van bia do chinh Nguyin Thong viet:
" Sau khi ta tram tuoi roi, hon phach con nhd de'n niii nay chang ?
hoac ro't cupc cung ve cho'n khong con gi chang? Dieu do deu khong the biet
du'pc con nhu'hoa riJug, trang bien buom ngu'phu, chdi tieu phu ve la ciia khoi
may thay ddi, hinh thii ciia thuong luong chap chdn, sau nay canh do c6 the
giijp vao cupc thu'dng thiJc ciia tao nhan du khach vay"
Khu lang mp Cu Nguyin Thong da du'pc Nha nu'dc xep hang di tich
lich sii nam 1999
second native land (the area of Due Thanh place of historical interest nowadays) In 1880 he owned another small house named "Ngpa du sao" meaning "The first Ancestor's lying place for relax "where he read books and made poems Until now in "Ngpa du sao" there still have been 2 sentences of parallel scrolls Nguyen Ttf Gian offered to Nguyen Thong, these 2 paralled scrolls are also exhibits in the area of Due Thanh place of historical interest Being an intellectual patriot with large knowledge, traveling and understanding a lot, he made
a lot of poems and proses and published scores of volumes of the foUowings "Ngpa du sao tap", "Don am van tap", "Ky xuyen van sao", "Du'dng chinh luc"
and so on
In his life's last years and months, Nguyen Thong left his friends; family and Phan Thiet people the feelings
of respect and love He died on the 7* of July 1884 (or
the 27"' of Lunar August in the year of Monkey - "Giap Than")
Nguyin Thong's tomb was built at the foot of Ngpc Sdn mountain (Co'mountain) belonging to Ngpc Sdn hamlet, Phii Hai commune, Phan Thiet city When alive, Nguyin Thong used to come here to rest and relax everyday Co mountain has got a lot of trees and birds, with the sea at the mountain foot; all of them have created lovely and attractive sights of mountain and water
The tomb was built in a simple and close way like his character and his soul
The tomb has the length of 9.45 metres and the width of 6.35 metres; its main part was modelled up with the image o unicorn like the ancient people's tombs On it, there is a tombsto carved with Chinese words whose content is the tombstone composition written by Nguyin Thong himself: "After I am one hundred years old, will my soul miss this mountain? Or finally will
I also come back to the place without anything? I cannot know that But if wild flowers, the moon and the sea, fishermen's sails, wood cutters' huts, the smoke and cloud change with the image of glimmering serpents like monsters; later those sights will be able
to help poets and travelers enjoy more."
The Government classified Nguyin Thong's mausole , area as the place of historical interest in 1999
Trang 36^ lAP CHAM
IlL P^MM (PdTAMJ Xa Phu Lac - Tuy Phong - Binh Thuan
Nhom den thap Cham PoDam (PoTam) tpa lac difdi chan nui c6 ten la
ong Xiem thupc dia phan xa Phu Lac - huyen Tuy Phong - tinh Binh Thuan
nam ve hu^dng Tay Bac each thanh pho Phan Thiet khoang 110km TiTclng ty
nhtf nhom thap Poshanu" ca ve ky thuat xay difng va nghe thuat kie'n true, va
CO nien dai nu^a cuoi the ky VIII dau the ky IX thupc phong each kien true
nghe thuat Hoa lai
Nhom den thap PoDam bao gom 6 thap, hien nay chi con lai 3 thap
tUPng do'i nguyen ven hinh dang, con 3 thap khac bi sup do va chi con lai
phan de Cac thap trong nhom chia thanh hai khu rieng biet moi khu 3 thap
theo hai true song song Trong do nhom phia Bac la nhom c6 nien dai tir the ky
VIII-IX va nhom Nam c6 nien dai mupn hPn (theky XV) Nhom thap Bac con
lifu giff be thd linga-yoni bang da xanh tu'dng trUng cho than Shiva, vdi hinh
ddng va ke't cau giong nhtf d PoshanU nhu^ng nho hPn nhieu Nhom thap Nam
gom 3 thap khac vdi nhom Bac tuT ky thuat xay diTng, trang tri nghe thuat va
npi dung thc( phung (d day thd 7 vien da ttfPng trtfng cho bia kiit) Theo cac
nha nghien ciJu khoa hoc d Bao tang Binh Thuan thi nhom Bac drfdc xay diTng
giffa the ky XV de thd Vua PoDam (P6 Tarn) vi vua tri vi vu'cfng quoc Cham pa
tijf 1433 - 1460 Vi vua nay con c6 ten la PoKathit, ngu^di Viet gpi la Tra
Duyet Vi vua c6 cong giiip dan lam cac he tho'ng thuy Idi noi tie'ng trong
vung hien nay con phat huy tac dung d vung Tuy Phong, Bac Binh
Thong thudng cac thap Cham deu xay ciJa chinh trd ve hifdng Dong
nhtfrnpt nguyen tac bat bupc, nhu^ig 6 thap trong nhom PoDam tat ca cac cuTa
chinh deu quay ve hudng Nam, trong long hep hPn, dai hdn Day la trtfdng hdp
ngoai le dac biet khong tuan thu nguyen tac cu do c6 nhieu nguyen nhan ve
dia ly va ton giao ma de'n nay chifa c6 su" phan tich, giai nghia ro rang Dieu
dac biet khac la ca 6 thap trong nhom PoDam deu nho va thap hPn cac thap
Cham khac Thap cao nhat khoang 7-8m, m6i canh day khoang 3-3,50m
Ky thuat xay diTng va nghe thuat trang tri tap trung chu yeu d thap
chinh (thap C nhom Bac) d day tuy thdi gian da lam tan lui phan dinh nhrfng
than thap con nguyen ven nhi^ng hinh tu'dng, nghe thuat trang tri deu va day
dac tren than, vom cuo'n, tru ap tu'dng Nhffng hinh thii ky quai, nhffng bong
hoa xoan xit nhau, hinh tu'dng Makara vi than canh giff den thap la net dac
trrfng cua phong each Hoa lai cd
Thap PoDam la ndi thifc hien nghi li, thd cung vua Cham hang nam
ciia ngUdi ChSm Phu Lac va cac viing Ian can Hien nhCng dong toe la h§u
to the beginning of the ninth century and they belong to Hoa Lai art and architectural style The group of PoDam tower temples consists
of 6 towers, now there are only 3 towers with comparativerly intact forms, three other ones have been collapsed and there are only their bases lefts The towers in this group have been divided into two separate sections, each with 3 towers in two parallel axles The North group had the epoch from the eighth
to the ninth centuries and the South one had the later epoch (the fifteenth century)
The North tower group still keeps emerald
- green stone Linga - Yoni altar bases symbolizing Shiva God with the form and structure similar to Poshanu's but much smaller The South tower group consists of 3 towers different from the North one in building techniques, art decoration and worship content (here they have worshiped 7 stones symbolizing BiaKut)
According to the scientific researchers in Binh Thuan museum, the North group was constructed
in the middle of the fifteenth century so that Cham people worshiped PoDam (Po Tam) King - The King
Trang 37due cua ciia Vua con luXi giff 8 sac phong do cac vua Trieu Nguyen tijr Minh
Mang den Khai Dinh phong tang Vua PoDam, chiing du'Oc caft giff dac biet nhu'
bau vat ciia dong toe va trach nhiem cua Hau due vua Di tich da dUdc Nha
nu'dc xe'p hang D i tich kien true nghe thuat cap Quoc gia nam 1996
Thip Cham P6dam - Xa PhO L?c - Tuy Phong
who ruled ChamPa Kingdom from 1433 to 1460 This King also had the name of
PoKathit called Tra Duyet by the Vietnamese people He had the merit to help
his people make the local famous hydraulic system, which now still develops its
effect in the area of Tuy Phong, Bac Binh
Normally, Cham towers have main doors built toward the East as a
compulsory principle, but 6 towers in the PoDam group have their main doors all
to ward the South, narrower and longer inside This is the special exceptional
case without applying the old principle due to lots of geographical and religious
reasons which have not been analyzed and explained clearly yet until now
Another special thing is that all the six towers in PoDam group are smaller and
shorter than the other Cham towers The highest one is about 7 to 8 metres, each
bottom side is about 3 - 3.5 metres
The building techniques and the decoration art mainly concentrate in the main tower (C tower in the North group), although its top has been ruined by the time, its body still keeps full of dense and equal art decorated images, the rolling dome and wall pillars The odd strange shapes, the twisting flowers, the image of Makara - the tower temple - guarding God - are the characteristics of the ancient Hoa Lai style
PoDam Tower is the place where Cham people living in Phii Lac and its nearby areas carry out the rituals to worship the Cham Kings every year Nowadays, the K i n g ' s Descendants' family ancestries have still preserved 8 nominations granted to PoDam King by Nguyen Kings' Dynasties from Minh Mang to Khai Dinh
They have been kept specially as the family ancestry's precious properties and the K i n g ' s Descendants' responsibility This place of historical interest was classified as the National Art - Architectural one in 1996
Trang 38Xa Binh Thanh - Tuy Phong - Binh Thuan
Chua Hang ten chff la Co Thach tif xay dUng tiif niJa dau the ky X I X ,
toa lac trong hang dong tren doi ndi Co Thach ci do cao tren 64m tren thuoc dia
ban xa Binh Thanh huyen Tuy Phong tinh Binh Thuan
Co Thach la mot viang nui da rong, gom hang ngan hang van tang da
Idn nho, c6 tang da nguyen khoi to nhUnhffng ngoi nha, c6 tang giong nhu-ban
Thach, CO nhCng tang chong len nhau tip vac nhau, nhu'co ban tay con ngrfcfi
sap dat, bo tri, c6 nhffng tang da c6 hinh thu ky la day tinh each huyen bi va
chiJa dung ve dep nguyen sd doc dao vdi nhieu hang dong nguyen sinh luon
sau vao trong niii
Tren la da nui, cay rijfng chen chuc nhau, dUdi chan Co Thach la bien
trong xanh ram ri song v5 quanh nam, bai tarn tiT nhien hinh thanh, each d6
khong xa la bai da nhieu mau da c6 lis hang ngan nam trifdc tao cho Co Thach
day du nhiing yeu to sdn thiiy hffu tinh
Phong canh thien nhien yen tinh c6 nhieu hang dong, cay ram la dieu
kien cho muong thu sinh song tuT bao ddi, cQng la ncfi phu hdp vdi viec lap chiJa
va tu hanh ciia nhffng the' he tu sT tij" nhiTng the ky triTdc Viec chpn diem, lap
76
1
HANG PAGODA - GROT TO PAGODA
Grotto pagoda named " Co Thach tu"' was built at the beginning half of the nineteenth century, located in the grottoes on Co Thach mountainous hill at the height of over 64 metres, belonging to the area of Binh Thanh commune, Tuy Phong district, Binh Thuan province
Co Thach is a large stone mountainous area consisting of thousands and ten thousands of big and small rocks, some full mass rocks are as big as houses, some are like stone tables, some lie on one another as if human hands had arranged and some have mysterious strange shapes and forms, all of them contain the unique rudimentary beauty with a lot of primitive grottoes twisting deep into the mountain
The above is the rock mountain with forest trees pushing one another, at the foot of Co Thach is the clear blue sea with whispering splashing waves all the year round, and naturally - formed beach, not far away from there is a bank of multicoloured pebbles which has existed for thousands of years, all of these have made Co Thach full of factors of lovely and attractive mountain and water
The quiet natural sight with many grottoes and shadowy trees is a good condition for animals to live for many generation's and it is also the suitable place for the generations of priests' pagoda - making and religious lives from the previous centuries The ancient Buddhist monks' site choice, temple making and pagoda building are very wonderful, scores of succeeding architectural projects have spreaded over a 4 - hectare wide rocky mountainous hill area with
a three - door gate, the first foot - setting point at Co Thach TiT Its central chamber has alternated with the natural very high big vertical flagstones The next are the First Ancestor's house, the bell wooden one, the drum house, Buddhist Temple, TiT dUcfng with scores of grottoes getting deep into the mountain, attracting travelers in their untiring trips with the natural wonders
Each grotto I has got its own position and function according to the generations of the previous Buddhist monks' stipulation
The grotto worshiping the First
Ancestor - Buddhist monk Bao Tang -who founded Co
Trang 39am, difng chua cua cac nha s\i xUa that
t u y e t d i e u hang chuc c o n g t r i n h k i e n
true no'i tiep nhau t r a i r o n g t r e n 1 k h u
d o i n i i i da r o n g chiifng 4 ha v d i c d n g
tam quan la d i e m dat chan d e n dau t i e n
ci Co T h a c h tif K h u chinh d i e n xen ke
v d i nhCfng phien da difng I d n , cao v i i t
cua t h i e n n h i e n T i e p den la nha T o ,
gac chuong, l a u tro'ng, nha T h i e n , TU
diTdng Cling hang chuc hang co'c an
.sau v a o n i i i , cuo'n hut du k h a c h t r e n m o t
hanh t r i n h k h o n g b i e t m e t m o i v i nhffng
d i e u k y d i e u ciia thien n h i e n
M o i hang d o n g c6 m o t v i t r i ,
chifc nang r i e n g do nhii"ng the he nha
su'trade quy d i n h H a n g t h d T o k h a i lap
Co T h a c h tu" la nha su" B a o T a n g , c6
tu'dng nha sif va n h i e u b a i v i cua cac
nha sUkhac c6 n h i e u cong lao x a y difng
chua da v i e n t i c h H a n g t h d Phat C h u a n
D e la m o t hang d p n g b e n trong tu'dng
T h a c h TiT - has got the statue o f this priest and many ancestral tablets o f other dead Buddhist monks w h o have had great m e r i t and c o n t r i b u t i o n i n
b u i l d i n g t h e p a g o d a T h e g r o t t o
w o r s h i p i n g Buddha C h u a n D e is the one w h i c h has got a statue o f 18 - arm Buddha and a lot o f ancient statues inside The grotto T a m B a o (Buddha's
t h e i r t e a c h i n g w o r d s a n d m o n k s )
w o r s h i p s 23 a n c i e n t s t a t u e s o f Buddhas, w i t h many different sizes and epoches; the other grottoes have also been r e b u i l t i n order to be suitable for the worshiping condition Entering the main grottoes in the area to w o r s h i p , honour and k o w t o w B u d d h a ' s and to enjoy the n a t u r a l b e a u t y , t r a v e l e r s have got the feeling as i f they w e r e losing their ways in Buddha's' grottoes and f a i r y l a n d
Beside the natural beauty o f the grottoes combined w i t h the human creativeness, here Co T h a c h t i f has still preserved a lot o f rare precious historical cultural heritages : lots o f
C h i n e s e - V i e t n a m e s e c u l t u r a l
h e r i t a g e s such as p a r a l l e l s c r o l l s ,
h o r i z o n t a l b o a r d s i n s c r i b e d w i t h Chinese characters and the documents
f r o m the days o f m a k i n g this pagoda
Some other culturally and historically valuable ancient objects such as the Great B e l l , B a t Nha drum have got the epoch from the b e g i n n i n g h a l f o f the nineteenth century
The headmonk o f Co T h a c h TLT has been B u d d h i s t priest T h i c h
M i n h DiJc f o r scores o f years, C o
Co T h a c h t i f n g o a i v e d e p tU n h i e n cua hang d o n g k e t h d p v d i stf sang tao cua con ngu'di, d day con lifu giu" n h i e u d i san v a n hda l i c h suT quy h i e m :
n h i e u d i san v a n hoa H a n N o m l i e n , d o i , h o a n h p h i va nhffng t a i l i e u cd tff ngay tao l a p chua M o t so c d vat cd gia t n lich suT v a n hda khac n h f f D a i H o n g chung,
t r o n g sam d e u cd n i e n d a i tiJ niJa dau the k y X I X
Co T h a c h tff hang chijc n a m nay do H o a Thffdng T h i c h M i n h Dffc tru t r i
la d i e m du l i c h c h i n h d B i n h T h u a n , hang chuc v a n du k h a c h tff m o i m i e n da't nffdc d e n d a y h a n g n a m de c h i e m b a i , le Phat va tham quan danh l a m thang canh doc dao h i e m cd d day Nhffng gia t r i ve t h a n g canh t h i e n n h i e n va ve
l i c h suT v a n hda, C o T h a c h tff da dffdc N h a nffdc x e p h a n g d i tich thang canh cap Quo'c gia n a m 1993
thousands o f t r a v e l e r s f r o m e v e r y part o f the country come here i n order to worship and k o w t o w
B u d d h a ' s and to go for sight seeing tours o f the rare special beautiful sights here W i t h its values about the natural beautiful sights and about history
- the G o v e r n m e n t classified culture, Co T h a c h Tff as the N a t i o n a l beautiful place o f historical interest i n 1993