ĐỀ CƯƠNG TIẾNG ANH (TRẮC NGHIỆM) TRƯỜNG DH TÀI NGUYÊN MÔI TRƯỜNG

Multiple Choice Exam Questions Chapter 1 1. The primary source of energy for the earths atmosphere is: b. the sun 2. The most abundant gases in the earths atmosphere by volume are: c. nitrogen and oxygen 4. Water vapor is: a. a gas 7. Which of the following is considered a variable gas in the earths atmosphere? a. water vapor 8. The gas that shows the most variation from place to place and from time to time in the lower atmosphere: c. water vapor (H2O) 12. In the atmosphere, tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various composition are called: a. aerosols 13. The most abundant greenhouse gas in the earths atmosphere: c. water vapor (H2O) 17. Which of the following processes acts to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere? c. photosynthesis 19. The earths first atmosphere was composed primarily of: b. hydrogen and helium 21. The most abundant gas emitted from volcanoes is: e. water vapor 23. This holds a planets atmosphere close to its surface: b. gravity 24. The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called: d. pressure

TIẾNG ANH (TRẮC NGHIỆM)

Multiple Choice Exam Questions

Chapter 1

1 The primary source of energy for the earth's atmosphere is:

b the sun

2 The most abundant gases in the earth's atmosphere by volume are:

c nitrogen and oxygen

4 Water vapor is:

a a gas

7 Which of the following is considered a variable gas in the earth's atmosphere?

a water vapor

8 The gas that shows the most variation from place to place and from time to time in the lower

atmosphere:

c water vapor (H2O)

12 In the atmosphere, tiny solid or liquid suspended particles of various composition are called:

a aerosols

13 The most abundant greenhouse gas in the earth's atmosphere:

c water vapor (H2O)

17 Which of the following processes acts to remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere?

c photosynthesis

19 The earth's first atmosphere was composed primarily of:

b hydrogen and helium

21 The most abundant gas emitted from volcanoes is:

e water vapor

23 This holds a planet's atmosphere close to its surface:

b gravity

24 The amount of force exerted over an area of surface is called:

d pressure

25 Much of Tibet lies at altitudes over 18,000 feet where the

pressure is about 500 mb At such

altitudes, the Tibetans are above roughly:

c 50% of the air molecules in the atmosphere

28 Which of the following weather elements always decreases as we climb upward in the

atmosphere?

c pressure

32 The gas responsible for the greenhouse effect on Venus:

a carbon dioxide (CO2)

33 The planet with a strong greenhouse effect, whose surface

temperature averages 480 oC

(900 oF):

b Venus

35 The earth's atmosphere is divided into layers based on the

vertical profile of:

b air temperature

37 Almost all of the earth's weather occurs in the:

e troposphere

39 The hottest atmospheric layer is the:

c thermosphere

41 The atmospheric layer in which we live is called the:

a troposphere

43 The instrument that measures temperature, pressure, and

humidity at various altitudes in

the atmosphere:

b radiosonde

44 Warming in the stratosphere is mainly caused by:

a absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone

45 In a temperature inversion:

a air temperature increases with increasing height

46 The rate at which temperature decreases with increasing altitude

is known as the:

b lapse rate

49 The electrified region of the upper atmosphere is called the:

d ionosphere

52 The gas that absorbs most of the harmful ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere:

d ozone

55 Which latitude belt best describes the middle latitudes?

e 30o to 50o

58 The wind direction is:

a the direction from which the wind is blowing

77 In an average year, more people die from this than from any

other natural disaster

d flash floods and flooding

Chapter 2

1 Which of the following provides a measure of the average speed

of air molecules?

b temperature

3 Which of the following is not considered a temperature scale?

c Calorie

4 The temperature scale where 0o represents freezing and 100o

boiling:

b Celsius

5 The temperature scale that sets freezing of pure water at 32o F:

b Fahrenheit

9 Heat is energy in the process of being transferred from:

a hot objects to cold objects

10 The heat energy released when water vapor changes to a liquid is called:

d latent heat of condensation

11 The change of state of ice into water vapor is known as:

b sublimation

12 When water changes from a liquid to a vapor, we call this

process:

e evaporation

14 The cold feeling that you experience after leaving a swimming pool on a hot, dry, summer

day represents heat transfer by:

d latent heat

16 The processes of condensation and freezing:

a both release sensible heat into the environment

17 The transfer of heat by molecule-to-molecule contact:

a conduction

18 Which of the following is the poorest conductor of heat?

a still air

19 The horizontal transport of any atmospheric property by the wind

is called:

a advection

20 A heat transfer process in the atmosphere that depends upon the movement of air is:

d convection

23 Rising air cools by this process:

a expansion

25 The proper order from shortest to longest wavelength is:

c ultraviolet, visible, infrared

26 Sinking air warms by this process:

a compression

27 Heat transferred outward from the surface of the moon can take place by:

d radiation

29 If the average temperature of the sun increased, the wavelength

of peak solar emission

would:

a shift to a shorter wavelength

30 Solar radiation reaches the earth's surface as:

e ultraviolet, visible, and infrared radiation

31 Electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers is called:

b visible light

33 The blueness of the sky is mainly due to:

a the scattering of sunlight by air molecules

34 Which of the following determine the kind (wavelength) and amount of radiation that an

object emits?

a temperature

35 Often before sunrise on a clear, calm, cold morning, ice (frost) can be seen on the tops of

parked cars, even when the air temperature is above freezing This condition happens because

the tops of the cars are cooling by:

d radiation

37 Evaporation is a _ process

a cooling

38 If you want to keep an object cool while exposed to direct

sunlight,

d wrap it in aluminum foil with the shiny side facing

outward

39 Which of the following has a wavelength shorter than that of violet light?

e ultraviolet radiation

40 If the absolute temperature of an object doubles, the maximum energy emitted goes up by a

factor of:

d 16

42 How much radiant energy will an object emit if its temperature is

at absolute zero?

b none

43 Most of the radiation emitted by a human body is in the form of:

c infrared radiation and is invisible

45 The sun emits its greatest intensity of radiation in:

a the visible portion of the spectrum

47 The earth's radiation is often referred to as radiation, while the sun's radiation is

often referred to as _radiation

c longwave, shortwave

50 The earth emits radiation with greatest intensity at:

a infrared wavelengths

51 "A good absorber of a given wavelength of radiation is also a good emitter of that

wavelength." This is a statement of:

c Kirchoff's Law

54 Without the atmospheric greenhouse effect, the average surface temperature would be:

b lower than at present

55 The earth's atmospheric window is in the:

c infrared region

56 The atmospheric greenhouse effect is produced mainly by the:

c absorption and re-emission of infrared radiation by the atmosphere

57 Suppose last night was clear and calm Tonight low clouds will

be present From this you

would conclude that tonight's minimum temperature will be:

a higher than last night's minimum temperature

59 Low clouds retard surface cooling at night better than clear skies because:

a the clouds absorb and radiate infrared energy back to earth

60 At night, low clouds:

a enhance the atmospheric greenhouse effect

61 Which of the following gases are mainly responsible for the

atmospheric greenhouse effect

in the earth's atmosphere?

d water vapor and carbon dioxide

63 The combined albedo of the earth and the atmosphere is

approximately:

c 30%

64 According to the Stefan-Boltzmann law, the radiative energy emitted by one square meter of

an object is equal to a constant multiplied by its temperature raised to the _ power

c fourth

67 The albedo of the earth's surface is only about 4%, yet the

combined albedo of the earth

and the atmosphere is about 30% Which set of conditions below best explains why this is so?

a high albedo of clouds, low albedo of water

68 According to Wein’s displacement law, the wavelength at which maximum radiation occurs

a is inversely proportional to the temperature

71 On the average, about what percentage of the solar energy that strikes the outer

atmosphere eventually reaches the earth's surface?

d 50%

72 If the amount of energy lost by the earth to space each year were not approximately equal to

that received:

a the atmosphere's average temperature would change

73 If the sun suddenly began emitting more energy, the earth's

radiative equilibrium

temperature would:

a increase

74 Sunlight that bounces off a surface is said to be from the surface

d reflected

77 The atmosphere near the earth's surface is "heated from below." Which of the following

does not significantly contribute to this heating?

d heat energy from the earth's interior

78 The earth's radiative equilibrium temperature is:

a the temperature at which the earth is absorbing solar radiation and emitting

infrared radiation at equal rates

93 Sunlight passes through a thicker portion of the atmosphere at

e both a and c

95 A red shirt

b selectively scatters red wavelenghts of visible light and absorbs the rest

96 Perspiration cools the body by

d latent heat transfer

Chapter 3

1 During the winter in the Northern Hemisphere, the "land of the midnight sun" would be found:

a at high latitudes

3 In the Northern Hemisphere, this day has the fewest hours of daylight:

b winter solstice

4 During an equinox:

d all of the above

7 During the winter solstice in the Northern Hemisphere:

d all of the above

10 Where are the days and nights of equal length all year long?

d at the Equator

12 Which of the following helps to explain why even though

northern latitudes experience 24

hours of sunlight on June 22, they are not warmer than latitudes further south?

e all of the above

15 The north-facing side of a hill in a mountainous region in the US tends to:

e all of the above

17 The maximum in daytime surface temperature typically occurs _ the earth receives

its most intense solar radiation

b after

19 The strongest radiation inversions occur when

c skies are clear

20 When it is January and winter in the Northern Hemisphere, it is and in the

SouthernHemisphere

a January and summer

21 The most important reason why summers in the Southern

Hemisphere are not warmer than

summers in the Northern Hemisphere is that:

c over 80% of the Southern Hemisphere is covered with water

23 Thermal belts are usually found

b on hillsides

25 During a radiation inversion, wind machines

d all of the above

26 The main reason(s) for warm summers in northern middle

latitudes is that:

e only (b) and (c) are correct

27 Our seasons are caused by:

e only (b) and (c) are correct

31 The earth is tilted at an angle of 23.5o with respect to the plane of its orbit around the sun If

the amount of tilt were increased to 40o, we would expect in middle latitudes:

a hotter summers and colder winters than at present

33 Although the polar regions radiate away more heat energy than they receive by insolation in

the course of a year, they are prevented from becoming progressively colder each year by the:

c circulation of heat by the atmosphere and oceans

37 In meteorology, the word insolation refers to:

c incoming solar radiation

38 During the afternoon the greatest temperature difference between the surface air and the air

several meters above occurs on a:

a clear, calm afternoon

39 The greatest variation in daily temperature usually occurs:

a at the ground

40 In most areas the warmest time of the day about 5 feet above the ground occurs:

b in the afternoon between 2 and 5 pm

42 The lowest temperature is usually observed:

d around sunrise

44 Suppose yesterday morning you noticed ice crystals (frost) on the grass, yet the minimum

temperature reported in the newspaper was only 35o F The most likely reason for this apparent

discrepancy is that:

a temperature readings are taken in instrument shelters more than 5 feet above

the ground

46 At what time during a 24-hour day would a radiation temperature inversion best be

developed?

b near sunrise

47 The lag in daily temperature refers to the time lag between the:

a time of maximum solar radiation and the time of

maximum temperature

48 Ideal conditions for a strong radiation inversion:

a clear, calm, dry, winter night

49 Thermal belts are:

c warmer hillsides that are less likely to experience freezing conditions

50 The primary cause of a radiation inversion is:

a infrared radiation emitted by the earth's surface

51 The deepest radiation inversion would be observed:

b in polar regions in winter

53 On a clear, calm, night, the ground and air above cool mainly by this process:

e radiation

54 Which of the following can be used as a method of protecting an orchard from damaging low

temperatures during a radiation inversion?

d all of the above

57 Lines connecting points of equal temperature are called:

b isotherms

58 In summer, humid regions typically have daily

temperature ranges and

_maximum temperatures than drier regions

a smaller, lower

62 An important reason for the large daily temperature range over deserts is:

a there is little water vapor in the air to absorb and

re-radiate infrared radiation

64 Two objects A and B have the same mass but the specific heat of

A is larger than B If both

objects absorb equal amounts of energy:

b B will become warmer than A

65 The largest annual ranges of temperatures are found:

a at polar latitudes over land

67 This is used as a guide to planting and for determining the

approximate date for harvesting

crops:

a growing degree-days

68 This is used as an index for fuel consumption:

c heating degree-days

69 Which of the following is not a reason why water warms and cools much more slowly than

land?

e it takes more heat to raise the temperature of a given amount of soil 1o C than

it does to raise the temperature of water 1o C.

74 In calm air the air temperature is -10o C, if the wind speed

should increase to 30 knots (with

no change in air temperature) the thermometer would indicate:

c a temperature of -10o C

75 The air temperature is 45o F, the wind is blowing at 30 MPH, and the wind chill temperature

is 15o F These conditions would be equivalent to:

a a 15o F air temperature and 0 MPH winds

76 Hypothermia is most common in:

b cold, wet weather

78 The wind-chill factor:

a relates body heat loss with wind to an equivalent

temperature with no wind

95 In the northern hemisphere, the number of hours of daylight begin to shorten after the

b summer solstice

96 At any given time, of the earth is illuminated by the sun

c one-half

103 Water heats up and cools off _ than land

d more slowly, more slowly

Chapter 4

1 If a glass of water were surrounded by saturated air:

c the level of the water in the glass would not change

3 As the air temperature increases, the air's capacity for water vapor:

a increases

4 If all the water vapor in the atmosphere were to condense and fall

to the ground, the globe

would be covered with about of water

b 1 inch

5 The total mass of water vapor stored in the atmosphere at any moment is about of

the world's supply of precipitation

b 1 week

7 The density of water vapor in a given parcel of air is expressed by the:

a absolute humidity

8 Which of the following will increase in a rising parcel of air?

b relative humidity

9 Which of the following will decrease in a rising parcel of air?

b absolute humidity

10 The ratio of the mass of water vapor in a given volume (parcel)

of air to the mass of the

remaining dry air describes the:

b mixing ratio

11 When the air temperature increases, the saturation vapor pressure will:

a increase

12 The maximum pressure that water vapor molecules would exert

if the air were saturated is

called the:

d none of the above

13 If water vapor comprises 3.5% of an air parcel whose total

pressure is 1000 mb, the water

vapor pressure would be: