Bài giảng khoa học đất (ngành quản lý đất đai) chương 2 (2) phần rắn khoáng

Fe-oxide/hydroxide • Goethite FeOOH Yellowish to reddish to dark brown... Al-oxide/hydroxide • Boehmite γ-AlOOH White, pale greyish brown; yellowish or reddish when impure; colorless

Si-oxide

• thạch anh (SiO 2 ): màu sắc đa dạng: tím ,

hồng , vàng ,…

Fe-oxide/hydroxide

• Goethite (FeO(OH))

Yellowish to reddish to dark brown

Fe-oxide/hydroxide

• Hematite (Fe 2 O 3 )

Fe-oxide/hydroxide

• Limonite FeO(OH)·nH 2 O

Al-oxide/hydroxide

• Gibbsite Al(OH) 3

Al-oxide/hydroxide

• Boehmite (γ-AlO(OH))

White, pale greyish brown; yellowish or reddish when impure; colorless in thin section

Al-oxide/hydroxide

• Diaspore

White, pale gray, colorless, greenish gray, brown, pale yellow, pink, lilac; may exhibit color change

Nesosilicate

• olivine (lãm thạch) ( Mg , Fe ) 2 SiO 4

Yellow to yellow-green

Nesosilicate

• Garnet X 3 Y 2 ( SiO 4 ) 3 The X site is usually

occupied by divalent cations ( Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ ,

Fe 2+ ) and the Y site by trivalent cations

( Al 3+ , Fe 3+ , Cr 3+ ) in an

octahedral / tetrahedral framework with

[SiO 4 ]4− occupying the tetrahedra

virtually all colors

Nesosilicate

• tourmaline is a crystal boron silicate

as aluminium , iron, magnesium , sodium ,

lithium , or potassium

Most commonly black, but can range from brown, violet,

green, pink, or in a dual-colored pink and green

Nesosilicate

• Zircon Tên hóa học là zirconi silicat, công thức

hóa học ZrSiO4 Công thức thực nghiệm chỉ ra một vài sự thay thế của zircon là (Zr1-y, Nguyên

tố hiếmy)(SiO4)1-x(OH)4x-y

C o l o

r

Reddish brown, yellow, green, blue, gray, colorless; in thin section, colorless to pale brown

Inosilicate

• Hornblende

(Ca,Na)2–3(Mg,Fe,Al)5(Al,Si)8O22(OH,F)2

Ca2(Mg, Fe, Al)5 (Al, Si)8O22(OH)2

black/dark green

Phyllocilicate

• Biotite (mica đen)

K(Mg,Fe) 3 AlSi 3 O 10 (F,OH) 2

Dark brown, greenish brown, blackish brown, yellow, white

Phyllocilicate

• Illite

(K,H 3 O)(Al,Mg,Fe) 2 (Si,Al) 4 O 10 [(OH) 2 ,(H 2 O)]

Grey-white to silvery-white, greenish-gray CEC khoảng 20 – 30 meq/100 g

Phyllocilicate

• Kaolinite Al 2 Si 2 O 5 ( OH ) 4

White, sometimes red, blue or brown tints from impurities

Phyllocilicate

• Montmorillonite

(Na,Ca) 0.33 (Al,Mg) 2 (Si 4 O 10 )(OH) 2 ·nH 2 O

White, pale pink, blue, yellow, red, green

Tectosilicate

• Albite NaAlSi 3 O 8

White to gray, bluish, greenish, reddish; may be chatoyant

Tectosilicate

• Anorthite CaAl 2 Si 2 O 8

White, grayish, reddish

Tectosilicate

• Orthoclase KAlSi 3 O 8

Colorless, Greenish, Grayish yellow, White, Pink

Sulfate

• Gypsum CaSO 4 ·2H 2 O

Colorless to white; with impurities may be yellow, tan, blue, pink, brown, reddish brown or gray

halide

The halide anions are fluoride (F−), chloride

(Cl−), bromide (Br−), iodide (I−) and

astatide (At−)

• Halite (NaCl)

• sylvite (KCl) Colorless, Grey, White

• Carnallite KMgCl 3 ·6( H 2 O ) (Blue, colorless, yellow, white, red)