Reading skill Tuyệt kỹ làm bài đọc hiểu tiếng anh (P1)

while reading your anchor bookAuthor’s Purpose 65 Thinking About the Selection Memo Identify The author’s purpose is different from the message, or theme.. Vocabulary Builder Before yo

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while reading your anchor book

62 Lesson 1-11

Author’s Purpose

In learning new reading skills, you will use special academic

vocabulary Knowing the right words will help you to

demonstrate your understanding.

convince v.

Related words: convinced,

convincing

to cause someone to agree

Lawyers convince the jury by providing

relevant facts

establish v.

Related words:

established, establishing

the games before they begin

achieve v.

Related word: achiever to carry out successfully

To achieve success you must be patient

and persistent

Academic Vocabulary

The author’s purpose is the author’s reason for writing The most

common purposes are to inform, to entertain, to persuade, and to reﬂ ect

The chart below lists some of the tools authors use to communicate

their purpose in expository texts and literature For example, in the

novel Animal Farm, George Orwell used the theme the danger of

the few having power over the many to persuade his readers of the

misuse of political power in a dictatorship

Expository Texts

facts/detailstechnical languagesentence structure

Literature

characterssettingtheme

ﬁ gurative languageword choice

imagery

imageryword choicegenre

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Cezar’s b’day

Author’s Purpose 63

Directions Read the following e-mail Underline clues in the text that

tell you what the author’s purpose is Note whether the purpose is to

inform, entertain, persuade, or reﬂ ect Then answer the questions

Identify What is the author’s purpose for writing this e-mail?

Establish What is the relationship between the author and

Sasha? What details tell you this?

Evaluate An e-mail is an informal way of communicating

What aspects of the e-mail identify it as informal? Whichaspects are culture-speciﬁ c?

1

2

3

Sasha,All set for Cezar’s b’day party tonightCake = great (IMHO)1

Decorations = took me four hours, but also great

BTW2 Still need help so feel free to come earlyDirections: Route 134 West to Exit 4A

Take right off exitTake third left onto Evergreen StreetTake ﬁ rst right onto Prospect PlaceWe’re #401A in the brick building on the leftCUL8R3; ) Aamir

1 IMHO – In my humble opinion

2 BTW – By the way

3 CUL8R – See you later

Link to Real Life

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64

in business Guiding Question: Does the author of this

memo express a truth that one cannot argue against?

Background The following memo was written by an employee of a

business Read this memo closely to determine the author’s purpose

MEMO March 23

To: Todd Barker, Director of Facilities Management From: Maria Furtado, Human Resources

the company cafeteria

I am an employee of this company in the human resourcesdepartment I am writing with regard to the polyfoam that iscurrently being used as trays, bowls, and plates in the cafeteria

I suggest that we switch from polyfoam to paper

By switching from polyfoam to paper we would be helping the environment, thereby eliminating unnecessary litter in our wastedisposal site Paper is recyclable; polyfoam is not Also, paper products are less expensive than polyfoam, thereby saving thecompany a lot of money

Please consider my proposal for switching from polyfoam products

to paper products in the company cafeteria I can be reached atextension 2431

Thank you very much

Link to Real Life

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Author’s Purpose 65

Thinking About the Selection

Memo

Identify The author’s purpose is different from the message,

or theme What is the author’s purpose for writing this memo?

What is the message?

Evaluate Did Maria do an effective job of achieving her

purpose? If so, explain If not, what could she have donedifferently?

Identify What text features are part of a memo?

Interpret Rewrite the memo in the format of an e-mail, making

sure to convey a friendly tone Remember to include a greetingand closing

Write Answer the following questions in your Reader’s Journal.

that one cannot argue against? Explain two different ways

of responding to this memo

of a character in your Anchor Book to a character withwhom he or she is in conﬂ ict

Ready for a Free-Choice Book?

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action The setting can also serve a more important function For

example, if a character is struggling against a force of nature, the

setting is the source of the story’s conﬂ ict

Mood is the overall feeling that a literary work conveys to the

reader Details of setting help establish the mood A story set in

an old, decaying castle on a dark, stormy night might convey a

gloomy, frightening mood

Directions Read the following passage Underline details of setting

that help convey the mood Then, answer the questions that follow

from The Land I Lost by Huynh Quang Nhuong

I was born on the central highlands of Vietnam in a small hamlet on a

riverbank that had a deep jungle on one side and a chain of high mountains

on the other Across the river, rice ﬁ elds stretched to the slopes of another

chain of mountains

There were ﬁ fty houses in our hamlet, scattered along the river or propped

against the mountainsides The houses were made of bamboo and covered

with coconut leaves, and each was surrounded by a deep trench to protect

it from wild animals or thieves The only way to enter a house was to walk

across a “monkey bridge”—a single bamboo stick that spanned the trench At

night we pulled the bridges into our houses and were safe

There were no shops or marketplaces in our hamlet If we needed

supplies—medicine, cloth, soaps, or candles—we had to cross over the

mountains and travel to a town nearby We used the river mainly for traveling

to distant hamlets, but it also provided us with plenty of ﬁ sh

▶

About the Author Visit: PHSchool.com Web Code: exe-8107

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Setting and Mood 67

Describe Look back at the details you underlined Brieﬂ y

describe the setting of the passage

Analyze Describe the overall mood of the passage Which

details of setting are most important in conveying this mood?

Analyze What does the setting tell you about when and where

the action in the passage takes place? Use details to supportyour answer

Apply Imagine a setting that makes you feel a certain

way How would this place look, smell, and sound? Whatdifferent tastes and textures might someone experience in thissetting? Use the chart to list these sensory details

Describe On a separate sheet of paper, use the images from

your chart to write a brief description of the setting you haveimagined Revise your description to make the setting andmood more vivid by substituting speciﬁ c nouns and verbs

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The Day It Rained

Background Paul Zindel was born in New York City, but he

moved to many different places during his childhood The Day It

Rained Cockroaches tells of an event that left a lasting impression

on him during one of these moves.

Vocabulary Builder

Before you read, you will discuss the following words In

the Vocabulary Builder box in the margin, use a vocabulary

building strategy to make the words your own.

As you read, draw a box around unfamiliar words you could

add to your vocabulary Use context clues to unlock their

meaning.

About anything else you’d ever want to know about my

preteen existence you can see in the photos in this book

However, I don’t think life really started for me until I became a

teenager and my mother moved us to Travis, on Staten Island

When we ﬁ rst drove into the town, I noticed a lot of plain

wood houses, a Catholic church, a war memorial, three saloons

with men sitting outside on chairs, seventeen women wearing

kerchiefs on their heads, a one-engine ﬁ rehouse, a big redbrick

school, a candy store, and a butcher shop with about 300

sausages hanging in the window Betty shot me a private look,

Setting and Mood

As you read, underline key

words and phrases that describe the setting and mood In the margin, make notes about how the author is trying to help you visualize the place and feeling of the events that take place

understand the setting and mood Guiding Question: What

does this story express that is true for everyone?

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69

Setting and Mood

signaling she was aghast Travis was mainly a Polish town, and

was so special-looking that, years later, it was picked as a location

for ﬁ lming the movie Splendor in the Grass, which starred Natalie

Wood (before she drowned), and Warren Beatty (before he dated

Madonna) Travis was selected because they needed a town that

looked like it was Kansas in 1920, which it still looks like

The address of our new home was 123 Glen Street We stopped

in front, and for a few moments the house looked normal: brown

shingles, pea-soup-green-painted sides, a tiny yellow porch,

untrimmed hedges, and a rickety wood gate and fence Across

the street to the left was a slope with worn gravestones all over it

The best-preserved ones were at the top, peeking out of patches of

poison oak

The backyard of our house was an airport I mean, the house

had two acres of land of its own, but beyond the rear fence was a

huge ﬁ eld consisting of a single dirt runway, lots of old

propeller-driven Piper Cub-type planes, and a cluster of rusted hangars

This was the most underprivileged airport I’d ever seen, bordered

on its west side by the Arthur Kill channel and on its south side

by a Con Edison electric power plant with big black mountains

of coal The only great sight was a huge apple tree on the far

left corner of our property Its trunk was at least three feet wide

It had strong, thick branches rich with new, ﬂ apping leaves It

reached upward like a giant’s hand grabbing for the sky

“Isn’t everything beautiful?” Mother beamed

“Yes, Mom,” I said

Betty gave me a pinch for lying

“I’ll plant my own rose garden,” Mother went on, fumbling for

the key “Lilies, tulips, violets!”

Mom opened the front door and we went inside We were so

excited, we ran through the echoing empty rooms, pulling up

old, soiled shades to let the sunlight crash in We ran upstairs

and downstairs, all over the place like wild ponies The only

unpleasant thing, from my point of view, was that we weren’t

the only ones running around There were a lot of cockroaches

scurrying from our invading footfalls and the shafts of light

“Yes, the house has a few roaches,” Mother confessed “We’ll

get rid of them in no time!”

“How?” Betty asked raising an eyebrow

“I bought eight Gulf Insect Bombs!”

“Where are they?” I asked

Mother dashed out to the car and came back with one of the

suitcases From it she spilled the bombs, which looked like big

silver hand grenades

“We just put one in each room and turn them on!” Mother

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70 Lesson 1-12

Marking n the tt Te TT xt

She took one of the bombs, set it in the middle of the upstairs

kitchen, and turned on its nozzle A cloud of gas began to stream

from it, and we hurried into the other rooms to set off the other

bombs

“There!” Mother said “Now we have to get out!”

“Get out?” I coughed

“Yes We must let the poison ﬁ ll the house for four hours before

we can come back in! Lucky for us there’s a Lassie double feature

playing at the Ritz!”

s available.

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71

ting and Mood

We hadn’t been in the house ten minutes before we were

driving off again!

I suppose you might as well know now that my mother really

loved Lassie movies The only thing she enjoyed more were

movies in which romantic couples got killed at the end by tidal

waves, volcanos, or other natural disasters Anyway, I was glad

we were gassing the roaches, because they are the one insect I

despise Tarantulas I like Scorpions I can live with But ever since

I was three years old and my mother took me to a World’s Fair, I

have had nightmares about cockroaches Most people remember

an exciting water ride this fair had called the Shoot-the-Chutes,

but emblazoned on my brain is the display the fair featured

of giant, live African cockroaches, which look like American

cockroaches except they’re six inches long, have furry legs, and

can pinch ﬂ esh In my nightmares about them, I’m usually lying

ading for me I try to run away but ﬁ nd out that someone has

secretly tied me down on the bed, and the African roaches start

crawling up the sides of the sheets They walk all over my body,

and then they head for my face When they start trying to drink

from my mouth is when I wake up screaming

So after the movie I was actually looking forward to going back

to the house and seeing all the dead cockroaches

“Wasn’t Lassie wonderful?” Mother sighed as she drove

us back to Travis “The way that brave dog was able to crawl

hundreds of miles home after being kidnapped and beaten by

Nazi Secret Service Police!”

“Yes, Mom,” I agreed, although I was truthfully tired of seeing

a dog movie star keep pulling the same set of tear-jerking stunts

in each of its movies

“Maybe we’ll get a dog just like Lassie one day,” Mother

sighed

When we got back to the house this time, we didn’t run into

it We walked inside very slowly, snifﬁ ng for the deadly gas I

didn’t care about the gas so much as I wanted to see a lot of roach

corpses all over the place so I’d be able to sleep in peace

But there were none

“Where are all the dead cockroaches?” I asked

We crept slowly upstairs to see if the bodies might be there

I knew the kitchen had the most roaches, but when we went in,

I didn’t see a single one, living or dead The lone empty Gulf

Insect Bomb sat spent in the middle of the ﬂ oor My sister picked

up the bomb and started reading the directions One thing my

mother never did was follow directions As Betty was reading, I

noticed a closed closet door and reached out to turn its knob

1 bevy (bev´ ¯e ) a large number y

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Paul Zindel

72 Lesson 1-12

“It says here we should’ve opened all the closet doors before

setting off the bombs, so roaches can’t hide.” Betty moaned, her

clue to me that Mom had messed up again

I had already started to open the door My mind knew what

was going to happen, but it was too late to tell my hand to stop

pulling on the door It sprang open, and suddenly 5,000 very

angry, living cockroaches rained down on me from the ceiling of

the closet

“Eeehhhhhh!” I screamed, leaping around the room, bathed in

bugs, slapping at the roaches crawling all over me and down my

neck! “Eeehhhhhh! Eeehh! Ehhh! Ehh!”

“Don’t worry I’ll get more bombs,” Mother said comfortingly

as she grabbed an old dishrag to knock the ﬂ uttering roaches off

my back Betty calmly reached out her foot to crunch as many as

dared run by her

After you read, review the words you decided to add to your

vocabulary Write the meaning of words you have learned in

context Look up the other words in a dictionary, glossary,

thesaurus, or electronic resource.

Although Paul Zindel studied chemistry at a college on Staten Island, the borough where he grew up, Zindel had been writing

since he was a young boy Because he, his mother, and his sister

moved around so much, Zindel had a lot to write about “By the

time I was ten,” Zindel wrote, “I had gone nowhere, but had

seen the world.”

Zindel used many of his unusual real-life experiences as a basis for his plays and young adult novels He wrote his ﬁ rst play

in high school, which earned him a literary award During the

ten years he spent teaching high school chemistry and physics,

Zindel wrote the Pulitzer-Prize winning play The Effect of Gamma

Rays on Man-in-the-Moon Marigolds The play was performed on

Broadway, winning an Obie Award in 1970 for Best American

Play In addition to writing plays, Paul Zindel wrote many novels

for teenagers, including The Pigman, Confessions of a Teenage

Baboon, and The Undertaker’s Gone Bananas.

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73

Setting and Mood

Thinking About the Selection

The Day It Rained Cockroaches

Analyze What mood does the story convey? How do the

characters and the setting help to create the mood?

Interpret How do the narrator’s sister and mother respond

to the narrator’s fear of cockroaches? What do their responses reveal about their attitude toward the narrator?

Respond At what point in the story did you know something

was going to go wrong with the insect bombs? Explain yourresponse

Determine What is the author’s purpose for writing

this story?

Write Answer the following questions in your Reader’s Journal.

everyone?

Book? Compare the importance of this setting to one inyour own life

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74 Lesson 1-13

Theme

Literary Term

The theme of a literary work is different from the topic A topic is the

focus, while a theme is its unifying idea The message can be a lesson

about life or an observation about people Often a work’s theme is

implied—not stated directly in the text—so you will need to think

deeply about your reading to identify the theme

Read the table below to see how a student marked the text to

identify theme

Student Model: Marking the Text

The Ant and the Dove by Leo Tolstoy

An Ant went to the bank of a river to quench its thirst, and

being carried away by the rush of the stream, was on the point

plucked a leaf and let it fall into the stream close to her The

p

The Ant risked its life to save the Dove The Dove saved the Ant’s life

ﬁ rst Theme: One good turn deserves another.

Here are some common themes in literature

A person grows with each challenge he or she overcomes

Enjoy life now, because life is short

Without courage, one might fail when life becomes difﬁ cult

Jealousy can cause a person to do things he or she may regret

Dove will

be trapped.

Ant saves Dove’s life.

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main character, Collin, had become an orphan and is now

living with two quirky old ladies with whom he forms an

unbreakable bond.

tantalizing kindled preserves

meaning.

It was enough for Catherine that Dolly understood her:

they were always together and everything they had to say

they said to each other: bending my ear to an attic beam I

like sapsyrup through the old wood

To reach the attic, you climbed a ladder in the linen

closet, the ceiling of which was a trapdoor One day, as I

started up, I saw that the trapdoor was swung open and,

listening, heard above me an idle sweet humming, like

Theme

As you read, underline

details that will help you to determine the theme Write the theme at the end.

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76 Lesson 1-13

pretty sounds small girls make when playing alone I would

have turned back, but the humming stopped, and a voice said:

“Catherine?”

“Collin,” I answered, showing myself

The snowﬂ ake of Dolly’s face held its shape; for once she did

not dissolve “This is where you come—we wondered,” she said,

her voice frail and crinkling as tissue paper She had the eyes of

a gifted person, kindled, transparent eyes, luminously green as

mint jelly: gazing at me through the attic twilight they admitted,

timidly, that I meant her no harm “You play games up here—in

the attic? I told Verena you would be lonesome.” Stooping, she

rooted around in the depths of a barrel “Here now,” she said,

“you can help me by looking in that other barrel I’m hunting

for a coral castle; and sack of pearl pebbles, all colors I think

Catherine will like that, a bowl of goldﬁ sh, don’t you? For her

birthday We used to have a bowl of tropical ﬁ sh—devils, they

were: ate each other up But I remember when we bought them;

we went all the way to Brewton, sixty miles I never went sixty

miles before, and I don’t know that I ever will again Ah see, here

it is, the castle.” Soon afterwards I found the pebbles; they were

like kernels of corn or candy, and: “Have a piece of candy,” I said,

offering the sack “Oh thank you,” she said, “I love a piece of

candy, even when it tastes like a pebble.”

We were friends, Dolly and Catherine and me I was eleven,

then I was sixteen Though no honors came my way, those were

the lovely years

I never brought anyone home with me, and I never wanted to

Once I took a girl to a picture show, and on the way home she

asked couldn’t she come in for a drink of water If I’d thought she

was really thirsty I would’ve said all right; but I knew she was

faking just so she could see inside the house the way people were

always wanting to, and so I told her she better wait until she got

home She said: “All the world knows Dolly Talbo’s gone, and

you’re gone too.” I liked that girl well enough, but I gave her a

shove anyway, and she said her brother would ﬁ x my wagon,

which he did: right here at the corner of my mouth I’ve still got a

scar where he hit me with a soda bottle

I know: Dolly, they said, was Verena’s cross, and said, too, that

more went on in the house on Talbo Lane than a body cared to

think about Maybe so But those were the lovely years

On winter afternoons, as soon as I came in from school

Catherine hustled open a jar of preserves, while Dolly put a

foot-high pot of coffee on the stove and pushed a pan of biscuits

into the oven; and the oven, opening, would let out a hot vanilla

fragrance, for Dolly, who lived off of sweet foods, was always

baking a pound cake, raisin bread, some kind of cookie or fudge:

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after reading your anchor book

77

Theme

never would touch a vegetable, and the only meat she liked was

the chicken brain, a pea-sized thing gone before you tasted it

What with a woodstove and an open ﬁ replace, the kitchen was as

warm as a cow’s tongue The nearest winter came was to frost the

windows with its zero blue breath If some wizard would like to

give me a present, let him give me a bottle ﬁ lled with the voices of

that kitchen, the ha ha ha and ﬁ re whispering, a bottle brimming

with its buttery sugary bakery smells–though Catherine smelled

like a sow in the spring

After you read, review the words you decided to add to your

vocabulary Write the meaning of words you have learned in

context Look up the other words in a dictionary, glossary,

thesaurus, or electronic resource.

䉳 Critical Viewing

The collage on the left is an artist’s interpretation of the story What details from the text support the artist’s choices?

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of the

by Laurence Yep

Background In the following story, a twelve-year-old

Asian-American girl is forced to live with her grandmother in San

Francisco after her father, Barney, ends up in the hospital The girl

quickly learns that San Francisco is a place very different from her

home, and ﬁ nds herself feeling like a stranger in a strange land.

momentary swanky truce

meaning.

It was like we’d gone through an invisible wall into another world

There was a different kind of air here, lighter and brighter I mean,

on the north side there were a series of small broken down stores;

on the west, the mansions and hotels of Nob Hill; and on the

other two sides were the tall skyscrapers where insurance men or

lawyers spent the day And they were pushing all the sunshine and

all the buildings of Chinatown together like someone had taken

several square miles of buildings and squeezed it until people and

homes were compressed into a tiny little half of a square mile

I didn’t know what to make of the buildings either They were

mostly three- or four-story stone buildings but some had fancy

Now that you’ve read an excerpt from The Grass Harp,

read this excerpt from Child of the Owl and compare the

central message, or theme, in both readings

Theme

As you read, underline details

that will help you to determine the theme Write the theme at the end.

78 Lesson 1-13

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