Factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in bac liêu

By 2013, a typical research project on sustainable development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: A framework for analysis, the results of resolving the relationship

CHAPTER 1 OVERVIEW OF FISHERIES ENTERPRISES DEVELOPMENT

IN BAC LIEU PROVINCE AND RESEARCH ISSUES OF THE THESIS

1.1 Introduction

In Vietnam, as in many other developing countries, enterprises play an important role in economic and social development of the country With a view of enterprises development as a long term strategy, consistency and transparency in the government’s action program, enterprises development policies are considered to contribute to enhance competitiveness, which play an important role in jobs offering, poverty reduction and social welfare work implementation Currently, most of enterprises in Vietnam are of small and medium-sized enterprises accounting for over 97% of enterprises in the whole country (Department of Business Development, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2011)

Thus, considering the nature and the factors affecting sustainable development is now a research problem of the thesis First, assess the overall situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and draw a number of reasons, limitation of fisheries enterprises development; Second, learn some of the issues of research, gaps of research, research objectives and research questions, research methods; Finally, discuss the results, new contribution and structure of the thesis

1.2 The urgency and gaps of the research

Vietnamese seafood enterprises play an important role in the economic development of the country The size of the fisheries business is expanding and its role has increased constantly in the national economy Fisheries business is a particular sector from production, processing and export sectors including activities of industrial properties, agricultural, trade and services, structured into a unified system closely related to each other

Currently, there are many research projects related to sustainable development typically, Kris Law (2010) brings research results of factors affecting sustainable development: The technology company having high production in Taiwan shows that companies producing high technology promote positive recognition of the impact of sustainable development factors from management, internal and external factors However, according to Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), the integration of sustainable business linkages between external influences and decisive progress towards sustainable development allows organizations of internal restrictions, sustainability practices and performance By 2013, a typical research project on sustainable development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: A framework for analysis, the results of resolving the relationship between the sustainable development of enterprises from internal and external factors (Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak, 2013), is considered as one of the most basic theoretical framework that the authors have studied in the past This framework is not concerned about the enterprise’s responsibility of products, the prevention of pollution within the enterprise, and this framework is not interested in market factors and social welfare of the enterprise, business enterprises are responsible to the communities in which businesses are operating

Therefore, the results of research solve some problems of limited theoretical framework and improve the operation of businesses towards sustainable development The need for a theoretical framework analysis of factors affect the sustainable development of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry

Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and must be added to the model of sustainable development theory and application of this test model in a specific local area in the Mekong delta It is also a gap of theoretical framework needed to invest in research, and the integration with development situation analysis fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu has drawn elements to characterize fisheries enterprises, and consistent with the theoretical framework of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013)

1.3 Overview of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu

1.3.1 The development of the fisheries enterprises

The area of exports seafood processing enterprises is the main force of Bac Lieu Province The number of this enterprises sector accounts for 16.6% compared to the total number of provincial enterprises in 2013 with 1,318 enterprises Therefore, the Bac Lieu provincial governments are interested in supporting for the activities of the fisheries

1.3.2 Contribution situation of fisheries enterprises on social and economic development in Bac Lieu

1.3.2.1 Enterprises’ export seafood production

According to the Seafood Production Association of Vietnam (VASEP), 2013, the total seafood export turnover in Vietnam is estimated at $ 6.5 billion In some local areas, there is the number of large shrimp processing factories in the country such as Ca Mau, Bac Lieu, Soc Trang, Shrimp exports have more positive changes Exports production of Bac Lieu Province has two major commodities such as rice and frozen seafood That shows a steady increase over the years, the export volume in 2009 reached 90.340 tons, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 20.340 tons; 105.861 tons of export volume in 2013, in which the export volume of frozen seafood reached 35.515 tons

1.3.2.2 Enterprises’ seafood export value

In recent years, the economic experts have identified as the year in which the seafood processing business have more difficulties, not only on capital, interest rates, but also the challenges of processing ingredients However, seafood exports account for a very high percentage compared to agricultural products, expressed the value of exports increased steadily as in 2009, seafood export business increased to 151.680.000 USD in 2013, amounted to 376.512.000 USD (table 1.3)

1.3.3 The causes of fisheries enterprises development limitation in Bac Lieu

On the basis of overview evaluation of seafood business development in Bac Lieu province, it draws some reason and limitations such as customer elements; market trend; lack of stakeholder needs; policy issues of state support; social security issues; workforce; The manager/owner; Product liability; environmental pollution prevention; fisheries enterprise development in Bac Lieu

1.4 Research issues of the thesis

Sustainable development is a fundamental concept in business management through its association with a competitive advantage Significant progress has been made in this field in recent years, including the move from a narrow definition of sustainability of competitive advantage based

on economic performance superior to a recognized the importance of making a connection with the economic impact, social and business environment (Harrison, Bosse, & Phillips, 2010) This has been debated from the perspective of sustainable development theory from the business stakeholders, which

defines the main purpose and objective of the business as part of a network of stakeholders affected by the setting and the business objectives (Freeman, 1984)

However, today, there are many scientific research projects in the field of sustainable development of enterprises Nevertheless, the author will expand new research as looking at the factors affecting sustainable development Therefore, sustainable development is now a new problem

in Vietnam and in relation to the scale, production and business areas of the business should be very broad, it needs a more in-depth research and narrows at each production and business sectors, research student choose the topic "the factors affecting the sustainable development of Bac Lieu fisheries enterprises" to do his doctoral thesis

1.4.1 Research objectives and research questions

- Research objectives: (1) Identify the factors that affect the sustainable development of enterprises; (2) Determine the theoretical models and test models for sustainable development of enterprises; (3) Determine the implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

- Research questions: To address the research objectives, the thesis was done by answering the following research questions: (1) Considering the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises? (2) What is the appropriate theoretical model for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu? (3) What factors should fisheries enterprises concern for sustainable development?

1.4.2 The scope and objects of the research

- The research scope of the thesis was seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac Lieu

- The objects of the dissertation research are inside and outside elements affecting sustainable development of seafood enterprises in Bac Lieu province

- The respondents are managers of the seafood enterprises operating in the province of Bac Lieu

1.4.3 Research Methodology

1.4.3.1 The basis of data collection

The thesis uses primary and secondary data sources to serve the research process

1.4.3.2 Research Methodology

The methodology used in this thesis is combined with qualitative and quantitative methods

1.5 The results discussion and new contributions of the thesis

- The new contributions for social security elements are added to the group of factors outside the enterprise, to expand social security from the perspective of the concept into sustainable development scale

- Discover new inside and outside elements impact directly to the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises These elements can serve as a basis for research topics related to sustainable development of enterprises operating in each different business areas

- The thesis has practical contribution to sustainable development of fisheries enterprises, through the implications for sustainable development of aquaculture enterprises Bac Lieu province in line with research findings

- The results of the thesis are used as references for researchers in the field of sustainable development of enterprises in many different fields in Vietnam

1.6 The structure of the thesis

This thesis is divided into 5 chapters with the main content of each chapter as follows: Chapter 1: Overview situation of the fisheries enterprises development in Bac Lieu and research issues of the thesis Chapter 2: Theoretical Foundations and proposed theoretical model of sustainable development for businesses Chapter 3: Study design Chapter 4: Results of the study Chapter 5: Conclusions and implications for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

CHAPTER 2 THEORY AND THEORY MODEL FOR FISHERIES ENTERPRISES SUSTAINABLE

DEVELOPMENT IN BAC LIEU 2.1 Introduction

In Chapter 2, the graduate student facilities system-related theories of enterprises sustainable development to establish a theoretical model for research proposal

2.2 The concept of sustainable development

The concept of sustainable development was popularized in 1987 by the Brundtland Commission's Report on the World Comission of Environment and Development - WCED (now known as the Brundtland Commission) This report concepts: sustainable development as

"development can meet the current needs without compromising, harming the ability to meet the needs

of future generations" The concept of sustainable development is approached foreign and domestic shows sustainable development concept at the macro level of a country, specifically table below

Table: Comparison of traditional development and sustainable development at the macro level Explanation Traditional development Sustainable development

Objectives - Economic efficiency

- Appropriate technology

- To fully exploit the resources

Long-term and stable development needs

to solve 3 main problems:

- Economic sustainable development

- Social sustainable development

- Environmental sustainable development Effectiveness - Environmental degradation and

2.3 The principles of sustainable development concept in line with the sustainable development

of enterprises

Enterprises increasingly contribute very significantly to the sustainable development of society for many decades, efforts to achieve sustainable development can be seen even on the micro level businesses, once the business has decided to sustainable development than pure profit, now refers

to business efficiency not only in terms of service, product production and profits , but also the effects

on the human social aspects (Lilia Dvorakova, Jitka Zborkova, 2014) Hence, it is necessary to make a change in the traditional approach switch to approach sustainable development trends Since then, research students learn concepts towards sustainable development of enterprises

2.4 The concept of sustainable development of enterprises

Generalizing some concepts of enterprise development and towards the concept of sustainable development is now reflected in the following:

First, the concept of enterprises development

Atiqur Rahman Khan (2004) suggests that enterprise development is affecting the growth of the business: lack of skills at all levels, lack of industrial organization, the limited size of the market and low speed growth, lack of proper and constructive policies, poor technological level

Jahangir Khan H (2012) The development of enterprises is the approach combining elements including: business, financial support, appropriate policy and institutional linkages, appropriate technologies and relationships market/demand for the product

Second, the concept of sustainable development of enterprises

According to Richard N Andrews (2003), "A sustainable business is a business that adds value for shareholders by contributing more than competitors and become the criteria for a sustainable business Contribution to sustainable development from the economic component elements, provide and improve "According to Bradley D Parrish (2005); Sustainable development can now be defined

as an organization that contributes to sustainable development, where "sustainability" is understood as

a human future and "development" is understood as a quality improvement in the human condition As Jim says Schorr (2006), Parrish (2007), QU Feng Geng (2007); Kris Law (2010) study of factors affecting the sustainable development of high-tech producing companies in Taiwan Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011); Integrated concept of sustainable development is now the link between external influences and internal limitations, the drivers decided to sustainability, allowing basic organization, sustainable and efficient practices The Dow Jones Sustainability World (DJSI) of Acharya & SUDIPTA Prabodha C Das (2013); Sustainable development is the ability of the business

to prosper in a global business environment and changing super competitive Research of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) also provides the theoretical model of sustainable development of small and medium-sized enterprises in Australia, resulting in groups of two internal and external factors

Thus, in contrast to the narrow views, the views of traditional enterprise development describes the relationship of input - output linear focused solely on maximizing short-term economic value, appeared a new approach to integrate sustainable development now have a more comprehensive and long-term view Sustainable development can now act as a tool to facilitate the the traditional to the modern transformation

Table 2.2: Comparison of traditional enterprise development and sustainable development of enterprises

Explanation Traditional enterprises

- Business efficiency is final

- Profit is the main

- Stable and sustainable growth

- Protecting the environment

- Social Community is concerned

Source: compiled from research Khan Atiqur Rahman (2004), Jahangir Khan H (2012) and Richard N Andrews (2003), Bradley D Parrish (2005), Parrish (2007), Kris Law (2010), Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011), Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013)

In view of the fellows on sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise, it is recommended as follows: "Sustainable development is the ability to solve business relationships by environmental internal and external factors affecting corporate sustainable development " It is aimed

to apply the concept of sustainable development at the micro level of the enterprise in the research field of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu province

2.5 The approach of theoretical models for enterprises sustainable development

From relationships to balance the theoretical model of sustainable development, it is drawn from three theoretical models of sustainable development as follows

2.5.1 The theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of high technology producing enterprises in Taiwan

Kris Law (2010) proposes theoretical models and research results of factors affecting the sustainable development of the enterprise: The high technology producing enterprise in Taiwan The results show that high technology producing companies promote positive recognition of the factors affecting the sustainable development of management, internal and external enterprise while management / business owners feel the level of sustainable development at a reasonable level

However, this theoretical model focuses on the study of high-tech enterprises in Taiwan, if applying this model to study the regional businesses in the Mekong Delta or in a local business in the area is not suitable By enterprises in the provinces in the region concentrate production, sales of some products of seafood processing for export, When applying theoretical models of sustainable development production high technology enterprises in Taiwan will not be suitable for sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province However, some internal and external factors can fit to study sustainable development of fishery enterprises in Bac Lieu province Thus, the study aims to learn theoretical models

5.2.2 Unified theoretical model of the performance of the organization affecting the enterprises sustainable development

Studies and recommendations on theoretical models of Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011) has studied inheritance pattern of Joel Harmon (2009) to extend the theoretical model

"Implementation of the organization affects corporate sustainable development: an integrated model " Integrating sustainable business linkages between enterprises influences, the drivers decided to sustainability, allowing basic organization, the limited internal (within the enterprise), methods sustainability and sustainable development performance businesses

The research results of the integrated model of sustainable development now appears to extend what previous researchers have done, by gathering mostly different theory and results achieved connections related to sustainable development premise enterprise In particular, theoretical models help us see more clearly the direct impact of indirect general and the implementation of sustainable development practices affecting businesses from the internal and external factors In addition, this model is studied theory focuses primarily from multinational companies, transnational companies and large US companies When given the size, level of development in the US will now far differ to the size and level of development in Vietnam now, businesses in Vietnam are mostly the kind of small and medium enterprises accounted for over 97% (Department of business Development, the Ministry of Planning and Investment, 2011)

If applying unified theoretical model in the performance of the organization affecting the sustainable development of business in the US to study business in Vietnam, it will find many risks, in appropriation of scale and business development level Next Fellows outlining theoretical models will use research and development into sustainable fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

5.2.3 The theoretical model for sustainable development in small and medium enterprises in regional Australia

First, learning the theoretical models studied by Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) provides a theoretical framework for research "Sustainable development of small and medium enterprises in regional Australia: An area framework", the result of two factors groups: internal and external factors Theoretical model of sustainable development in small and medium enterprises in regional Australia is considered the model of sustainable development theory now more complete and consistent development of business situation as in Vietnam, the majority of business small and medium enterprises in Vietnam accounted for over 97%, also better suited than Kris theoretical models of MY Law (2010) and Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon & Scott Behson (2011) This model approach is also seen as models of research platforms in the thesis, but Fellows had inherited factors, adjustments and new additions from theoretical models of Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013)

Overall, three theoretical models and testing model results above related to sustainable development enterprise, drawing some comments from the problems related to the impact factors and the relationship to sustainable development for businesses as the basis for further studies

Summary table approach factors affecting the sustainable development of enterprises

Note: factor 1 (Customer), factor 2 (Market Trends), factor 3 (Lack of stakeholders needs), factor 4 (State support policy), factor 5 (social security), factor 6 (workforce), factor 7 (manager / owner), factor 8 (product liability), factor 9 (environmental pollution prevention)

2.6 The proposed theoretical model formation for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

The theoretical model aims to evaluate the internal and external factors having impact on enterprises sustainable development There are only three theoretical models, Kris Law (2010) and Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon, Scott Behson (2011) with experimental studies, and theoretical models Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) that is not working empirically In fact, if you use the available theoretical models to find hidden risk, due to the development of different markets

But overall, the theoretical model of sustainable development in small and medium enterprises

in regional Australia to apply to study Vietnam business type is appropriate, most types of small and medium enterprises in Vietnam are accounted for over 97%

Therefore, the application of theoretical models Salimzadeh Parisa, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) into Vietnam market, namely Bac Lieu need qualitative research of internal and external factors of enterprises, while eliminating some inappropriate factors and adjust, supplement a number of factors to suit local research This will be the content of the proposed theoretical model studies Theoretical models grouped from internal and external factors will impact

on sustainable development of fishery enterprise in Bac Lieu Province, expressing the concepts related

to two groups of attribute internal and external factors (model)

INTERNAL FACTORS

EXTERNAL FACTORS

F4 State support policy

F3

Lack of stakeholder needs nee

F8 Product liability

Fisheries enterprises sustainable development

F2

F9

Environmental pollution prevention

Model: Proposed theoretical model of factors affecting the sustainable development of

fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

2.6.1 External factors of enterprises

The hypothesis that external factors have direct impact on sustainable development to specific businesses:

Hypothesis H1: Customer factor has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises

Hypothesis H2: Market trends have a positive impact to fisheries enterprises sustainable development

Hypothesis H3: Lack of stakeholder needs has a positive impact relationship to fisheries enterprises sustainable development

Hypothesis H4: Policies to support state haspositive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises

Hypothesis H5: Social Security has a positive impact relationship to fisheries enterprises sustainable development

2.6.2 Internal factors of enterprises

The hypothesis that the internal elements have relationships of directly impact on specific enterprises sustainable development:

Hypothesis H6: The workforce has a positive impact to fisheries enterprises sustainable development

Hypothesis H7: The manager/owner has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises

Hypothesis H8: Product Liability has positive impact on sustainable development of fisheries enterprises

Hypothesis H9: Prevention of pollution have positive working relationship to develop sustainable fisheries enterprises

2.6.3 Elements of enterprises sustainable development

According to Maurizio Zollo (2013), it provides a general theoretical framework of sustainable business innovation model However, Lou Tessier, Helmut Schwarzer (2013) make the policy instrument of sustainable development through improved business environment and territorial

as starting from the perspective of continuous improvement in working conditions and working environment, directly affect the health of employees and the impact on local residents Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) provides a theoretical framework that analyzes the sustainable development of small and medium enterprises: An analytical framework of internal and external factors Sustainable development is now with the involvement of regional communities, the natural environment

Based on the study and the theoretical framework, a theoretical framework is developed which shows the internal and external factors defined relationships affecting sustainable development and fisheries business field in Bac Lieu province

2.7 Conclusion

On the basis of forming the theoretical model domestic and foreign researches related to the sustainable development of enterprises From the concepts, theoretical framework establishes relationship factors that measure the extent of the impact of the independent variables on the dependent variable in order to select appropriate models for the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in the province Bac Lieu The next chapter will present 3 content research methods, using qualitative methods combining with quantitative methods in order to clarify the research objectives of the thesis

Chapter 3 STUDY DESIGN 3.1 Introduction

Chapter 3 describes an overview of the research methods of the thesis, sets out the options and arguments for the selection of appropriate research methods to set goals, plan to collect secondary and primary data

3.2 Study Design

According to Zikmund (2000) and Blaikie (2003), researchers have explained that it may take time for a quantitative method; A general consensus was formed recently that studies using qualitative methods in combination with quantitative and mixed approach provides stronger more useful results (Cavana et al 2001; Creswell, 2003; Hair et al, 2006) Also, Saunders (2000) and Zikmund (2000) suggested that the qualitative and quantitative indicators can complement each other if applied effectively and to enrich the data collected, especially in new research areas The issue here is to understand the new research area of the thesis as the intersection between economic development and business administration, as the case study of factors affecting the sustainable development of fisheries enterprises of Bac Lieu

3.2.1 Qualitative methods

3.2.1.1 Process of qualitative methods

- Firstly; Research bases on secondary information sources through published study inside and outside the country

- Secondly; Fellows have conducted discussion with 12 people respectively corporate management team to explore the internal and external factors affecting fishery business sustainable development, the data collected that overlap of 60% or higher are selected

The result of the factors affecting sustainable development of fisheries enterprises

results

% agreement level

1 External factors

Source: research results of the author

Overall, results of information collected are diverse and meet the necessary requirements for the formal quantitative research

3.2.2 Quantitative Approach

The method involves quantitative data analysis to examine the objectivity and accuracy of the evidence (Zikmund, 2000; Cavan et al, 2001; Creswell, 2003)

3.2.2.1 The design and sample size

Issues that the represent the sample are the sample design and sample size (Zikmund, 2000; Cavana et al, 2001) Measurement model includes 39 observed variables, according to (Hair & CTG, 1998), sample size n = 195 is necessary (39 x 5) To achieve the proposed sample size of 230, the author released survey directly to the interview, the results of 227 samples are used officially

3.2.2.2 Development of questions

Qualitative research results from the construction of the scale, since there is a question as a means of communication for data collection; including a set of written questions to the respondents, the design of the questions is one of the important stages of the survey process (Zikmund, 2000) so that respondents can answer the questions easier and to encrypt questions, tabulation and interpretation (Cavana et al., 2001) From the above facts, the language used in the questions is simple and questions have been provided by the language matching the suitable language of the respondents

3.2.2.4 Data Analysis

Once the data has been edited, coded and entered into SPSS software, data analysis was done Analysis is the application of theory to understand and interpret the data collected in the study (Zikmund, 2000) The techniques used to analyze the data in the study of the thesis is described: Cronbach's alpha coefficient (Cronbach's alpha, denoted α); EFA factor analysis; a multiple regression analysis

3.3 Construction Scale

Based on the original scale of the theoretical model was tested previously, adjustments, new additions and combined with qualitative research results (Appendix 2), on the basis that measures the impact of independent variables on the dependent variable (sustainable development fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu

In fact, these variables is often interrupted and a multiple regression model can match the intervals scale, to measure the level of 5 or more points The observed variations of this scale are measured by the 5 point Likert scale Among them: (1) Fully objections; (2) Objections; (3) The capacity; (4) Agreement and (5) Total agreement

3.3.1 Scale of external factors

- Customer

- Market Trends

- Lack of stakeholder needs

- Policies of state support

- Social Security

3.3.2 Scale of internal factors

- Workforce (employees)

- The manager (owner)

- Product Liability

- Prevention of Environmental Pollution

3.3.3 Scale of seafood business sustainable Development

From the results of qualitative research (Appendix 2), the sustainable development factors of seafood business are based on the original scale of enterprises development by Joel Harmon (2009), Kent Fairfield, Joel Harmon, Scott Behson (2011) and Parisa Salimzadeh, Jerry Courvisanos and Raveendranath Ravi Nayak (2013) and new adjustment results through qualitative research scale to suit the situation of fishery enterprises sustainable development in Bac Lieu

In short, the external and internal elements that impact sustainable development of fisheries enterprises are measured by the observed variables, symbols and coding of the measured variables (table below):

 Scale factors inside and outside the enterprise, sustainable development scale fisheries businesses:

(Symbol)

Independent

variables

EF External factors of enterprises Quadratic scale (hidden variable) is

measured through the 5 elements

IF Internal factors of enterprises Quadratic scale (hidden variable) is

measured through 4 elements

denoted WI: từ WI1 đến WI4

Forms of business ownership, denoted SHDN; Corporation, observed coding variations: 1; Limited company, coding variation observed: 2; Private enterprises, encryption observed variables: 3

3.4 The theoretical model for sustainable development of fisheries enterprises in Bac Lieu