Toxicants residue in food and cancer risk: Captan (C9H8Cl3NO2S)

Toxicants residue in food and cancer risk: Captan C9H8Cl3NO2S Environmental Toxicology Group 14 5/28/16... Residue in food Exposure Distribution and excretion D-R, exposure Acute toxicit

Toxicants residue in food and cancer

risk: Captan (C9H8Cl3NO2S)

Environmental Toxicology

Group 14

5/28/16

Residue in food

Exposure

Distribution and excretion

D-R, exposure

Acute toxicity Chronic toxicity Human health effects

Toxicity on animal Toxicity to human Cancer risk

Notes content

Captan introduction

A white solid agricultural fungicide

Target pests: numerous fungi and

microbial

1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-N- (trichloromethylthio) phthalimide

C9H8Cl3NO2S

Residue in food

Captan is highly recommended for preventing and controlling fungal diseases on:

Fruits

Apples, Grapes, Peaches and Strawberries

Vegetables

Seed Treatment Only

Bulbs

Preplan Treatment - Gladioli and Tuberous Begonias

Lawns and turf

Ornamentals

Azaleas, Carnations, Chrysanthemums, and Roses

Apple scab

Pathways

Food

Air

Water

Routs

Inhalation Ingestion Eyes contact Skin contact

Distribution and Excretion

Distribution

Administered to rats orally, activity was recovered as follows:

 51.8% urine

 22.8% expired air

 15.9% feces

 0.6% tissues

Excretion

 first 24 hours, more than 90%  excreted in the urine and feces,

 during the next two days  almost all the rest was excreted

 Only 0.01-0.05% was deposited in the organs

Acute toxicity

Chronic toxicity

Human health effects

Dose and response, exposure

Acute toxicity

LC50 = 0.87 mg/L (F)

Eye Irritation – rabbit Irreversible corneal opacity

at 21 days in unwashed eyes

Dermal Irritation -rabbit Not an irritant at 3 days

Dermal Sensitization -guinea pig Moderate skin sensitizer

The mechanism of action may involve the degradation of captan into the short-lived thiophosgene, which is a highly reactive with thiols and other functional groups

Data extract from Captan technical fact sheet, US national pesticide information

Chronic toxicity

Reproduction

In a three-generation rat reproduction study:

 at 1000 mg/kg diet (50 (mg/kg)/day)  lowered lactation in 3rd generation (only effects)

 at 500 mg/kg (5 (mg/kg)/day)  no effects

Teratogenicity

Rabbit: No malformed fetuses were observed from rabbits given up to 75 mg/kg of captan orally on days 6-18 of gestation Monkey: no fetal malformations from monkeys given up to 75 mg/kg on days 21-34 of gestation.

Signs of Toxicity – Humans:

Individuals working with captan or in fields where captan was applied reported eye and skin irritation

Investigators conducted patch tests with 0.1 to 1.0% captan which they placed on the upper backs of 279 to 442 individuals who were currently, one time, or never employed in agriculture:

  Out of the 442 people tested,

13 individuals at the highest dose experienced irritant reactions

17 experienced allergic reactions

Human health effects

Acceptable daily intake for man: 0 - 0.1 mg/kg

A 73-yr old retired fruit grower spraying operations using captan persistent erythema, itching, & desquamation of the face & backs of

hands

Workers captan in air (5 mg/m3)

(high concentration) eye irritation including burning, itching and tearing

Case report

17 years old woman (suicide) 7.5 g of Captan after 3 hours: headache, nausea, weakness, numbness of upper limbs,

and substernal pain

Human health effects

acute

chronic

Cancer risk

The U.S EPA has assigned captan a carcinogenicity classification of B2, probable human carcinogen

( B2: Sufficient evidence of carcinogenicity from animal studies with inadequate or no data from epidemiologic studies in

humans.)

From PAN pesticide database

cancer risk

Test

Charles River CD rats were fed 25 to 250 mg/kg/day captan for 2 years



Males

- exhibited hepatocellular hypertrophy and significant trends of adenomas and carcinomas in the kidney at 100 mg/kg/day

- increased relative organ weight for heart, brain, liver, and thyroid/parathyroid

Both sexes

- showed an increased relative kidney weight and a decreased body weight

- The lowest observable effects level (LOEL) was determined to be 100 mg/kg/day

Residential Exposure Activity Residential

Cancer Risk

Food Cancer Risk

Aggregate Food and Residential

DWLOC cancer ppb

Primary handler - Mixing/loading/applying

wettable powders to fruit trees 6.5x10-7 1.3x10-7 7.8x10-7 3.2

Secondary handler - Painting with a brush 8.5x10-8 1.3x10-7 2.2x10-7 11

Post application - Ornamentals 4.2x10-8 1.3x10-7 1.7x10-7 12

Aggregate Cancer Risks for Captan, EPA

DWLOC: drinking water levels of comparison

Captan residues on apples, cantaloupe, cucumbers, grapefruit, lemons, lettuce, oranges, squash, strawberries, and spinach is substantially reduced by washing and almost non-detectable after peeling

Captan residues in celery, cucumbers, squash, and spinach is almost non-detectable after cooking

cancer risk

Characterization

Toxicity on animal

 low in toxicity if eaten by

 low in toxicity if breathed in

 low in toxicity if contacted with skin

 highly toxic to the eyes

 Decrease immune function with large amount used

Toxicity to human

 skin irritation

 allergic reactions

Cancer risk

 Rats and mice developed various types of cancers

 B2 category to human by US EPA

Notes within captan residues in food

Many fruits and vegetables may contain captan residues but it can be easily washed

Cooking eliminates captan residues

Do the following if you experience any:

Route of Exposure

edictal attention.

Eye Redness Pain Blurred vision First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible)

then take to a doctor.

Thank you

We welcome any question or comment.