PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition.. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus Enhanced Edition.. PowerPoint Slides t/a Management: A Paci
Trang 1© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
1
CHAPTER 17
MANAGING ORGANISATIONS
THROUGH CHANGE AND
CONFLICT
Trang 2© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
2
Lecture outline
• Relationship between conflict & change
Trang 3© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
3
Managing change
The organisation
External
change
factors
economy
regulations
competition
technical development
imports
politics
Internal change factors
structure
jobs employees technology
culture
Trang 4© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
4
Managing change
The change cycle
1.
Performance
Identify a desired future
3,
Recognise need for change
4.
Problem diagnosis
5.
Development
of alternatives
6.
Selection of appropriate alternatives
7.
Implementation
8.
Evaluation against desired outcomes
Trang 5© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
5
Managing resistance to change
Individual resistance to change:
• Self-interest
• Ability to adjust
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
6
Managing resistance to change
UNFREEZE UNFREEZE CHANGE REFREEZE
THREE-STEP PROCESS:
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
7
Managing resistance to change
Overcoming resistance to change
Force Field Analysis (Kurt Lewin)
‘a method involving analysing the two types of forces,
driving forces and restraining forces, that influence any proposed change then assessing how best to overcome resistance.’
Driving forces
Factors pressuring
for a particular
change
Restraining forces
Factors pressuring against a change
Trang 8© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
8
Managing resistance to change
Overcoming resistance
METHODS
(Kotter & Schlesinger )
Participation &
involvement
Education &
communication
Facilitation & support
Negotiation & agreement
Manipulation &
co-optation Explicit &
implicit coercion
Trang 9© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
9
Managing conflict
• Between individuals & organisation
Trang 10© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
10
Managing conflict
CONFLICT between individuals/
organisations:
‘Perceived difference between two or more parties resulting in mutual opposition’.
‘Many job structures conflict with a healthy personality’s basic growth needs.’
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
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Managing conflict
Conflict between individuals/organisations:
Conflict is strongest with
Very mature employees
Highly
structured
organisations
Formalised rules and procedures
Fragmented
and mechanised
jobs
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
12
Managing conflict
Conflict between individuals/organisations:
Leave Defend Disassociate Find distraction
Conflict occurs:
Employees must
choose to
Form alliances
Trang 13© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
13
Managing conflict
Causes of conflict
• Communication factors
• Structural factors
• Size
• Participation
• Line staff distinctions
• Reward systems
• Resource
interdependence
• Task interdependence
• Power
• Personal behaviour
factors
• Communication styles
• Workforce diversity
• Differences in goals
• Reward structures
• Differences in
perceptions
• Increased demand for
specialists
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
14
Managing conflict
Benefits & losses from conflict
Benefits Productive task focus
Cohesion &
satisfaction
Power &
feedback
Goal attainment
Losses
Energy diversion
Distorted judgement Loser affects
Poor co-ordination
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
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15
Managing conflict
Reducing/resolving conflict:
– Avoidance
– Accommodation
– Competition
– Compromise
– Collaboration
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
16
Relationship: conflict & change
Managing inter-group conflict
Intergroup training
Expansion of resources
Bureaucratic authority
Problem solving
Limited communication
Smoothing
Confrontation &
negotiation
Intergroup conflict
resolution
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Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
17
Relationship: conflict & change
– Functional
– Dysfunctional
– Traditional view—conflict is destructive & unnecessary
– Modern view—conflict is inevitable, & may
– produce better organisational performance
Build group diversity, communicate to provoke change, encourage competition
Trang 18© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
18
Lecture summary
– Diagnosing need
– Change cycle
– Introducing change
– Resistance to change
– Managing resistance
• Relationship between conflict & change
Trang 19© 2003 McGraw-Hill Australia Pty Ltd PowerPoint
Slides t/a Management: A Pacific Rim Focus
Enhanced Edition Slides prepared by David
Meacheam & George Sansbury
19
Lecture summary
– Individual-organisational conflict
– Causes
• Relationship between conflict & change
– Types of inter-group conflict
– Changing views on conflict
– Stimulating conflict