QCVN 412012 BGTVT Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về báo hiệu đường bộ

Tài liệu dịch sang tiếng Anh Quy chuẩn QCVN41:2012, Quy chuẩn kỹ thuật quốc gia về Báo hiệu đường bộ Đối tượng áp dụng: Đường ô tô.Bản dịch tiếng Anh với các thuật ngữ chuyên ngành. Đối tượng sử dụng: Các đơn vị tham gia thiết kế và thi công các công trình an toàn giao thông đường bộ.

-No.17/2012/TT-BGTVT Independence – Freedom – Happiness

Hanoi, 29 May, 2012

CIRCULARIssuing “National Technical Regulation on Road Signs and Signals”

Pursuant to Law on Road Traffic dated 13 November, 2008;

Pursuant to Law on Technical Standards and Regulations dated 29 June, 2006;

Pursuant to Decree No.127-2007/ND-CP dated 01 August, 2007 by the Government providing details for implementation of some articles under Law on Technical Standards and Regulations;

Pursuant to Decree No.67/2009/ND-CP dated 03 August, 2009 by the Government amending some articles under Decree No.127-2007/ND-CP dated 01 August, 2007 by the Government providing details for implementation of some articles under Law on Technical Standards and Regulations;

Pursuant to Decree No.51/2008/ND-CP dated 22 April, 2008 by the Government detailing function, duties, powers and organization structure of Ministry of Transport;

At the proposal by Director of Department for Science and Technology,

Minister of Transport hereby grants this Circular for issuing this National TechnicalRegulation for Road Signs and Signals

Article 1 To issue in attachment with this Circular “National Technical Regulation for

Road Signs and Signals”;

2 Decision No.21/2005/QD-BGTVT dated 30 March, 2005 by Minister of Transportregarding supplementation of traffic signs and Regulation on Road Signs and Signals 22 TCN237-01;

3 Decision No.48/2006/QD-BGTVT dated 27 December, 2006 by Minister of Transport

on amending and supplementing Sign 420 and Sign 421 in Regulation on Road Signs andSignals 22 TCN 237-01;

4 Appendix 2, Circular No.09/2006/TT-BGTVT dated 20 September, 2006 by Ministry

of Transport guiding the performance of adjustment to traffic signs and signals on routesinvolved

Transport Agreement);

Article 3 To assign Director of Directorate for Roads of Vietnam , on the ground of

management and construction requirements, to announce routine for adjusting and replacingunsuitable road signs and signals in conformity to QCVN 41: 2012/BGTVT

Article 4 Ministerial Office Chief Manager, ministerial Chief Inspector, heads of

relevant departments, Director of Directorate for Roads of Vietnam , heads of other relevantagencies and units under Ministry of Transport, Directors of provincial Departments ofTransport, and stakeholders shall be responsible for performing this Circular /

Recipients:

- As Article 4;

- Ministries and ministry level agencies,

Government agencies;

- People’s Committee of centrally governed

cities and provinces;

SOCIALIST REPUBLIC OF VIETNAM

QCVN 41: 2012/BGTVT

NATIONAL TECHNICAL REGULATION ON ROAD SIGNS AND SIGNALS

HANOI - 2012

- QCVN 41 : 2012/BGTVT is composed by Directorate for Roads of Vietnam, verified byMinistry of Science and Technology and issued by Ministry of Transport by CircularNo.17/2012/TT-BGTVT dated 29 May, 2012

CHAPTER I – GENERAL PROVISIONS 7

CHAPTER II - TRAFFIC CONTROL ORDERS 12

CHAPTER III - TRAFFIC SIGNS 16

CHAPTER IV - PROHIBITORY SIGNS 20

CHAPTER V - WARNING SIGNS 23

CHAPTER VI - REGULATORY SIGNS 26

CHAPTER VII - GUIDE SIGNS 27

CHAPTER VIII - ADDITIONAL PANELS AND LETTERED SIGNS 30

CHAPTER IX - ROAD MARKINGS 32

CHAPTER XI - KILOMETER AND H POSTS 36

CHAPTER XII - RIGHT OF WAY MARKERS 37

CHAPTER XIII - SIGNALING OF TRAFFIC PROHIBITION 38

CHAPTER XIV - CONVEX SAFETY MIRROR AND STEEL CORRUGATED GUARDRAIL 40

CHAPTER XV - PROVISIONS ON MANAGEMENT 41

CHAPTER XVI - ORGANIZATION OF IMPLEMENTATION 42

APPENDIX A - TRAFFIC LIGHTS 43

APPENDIX B - MEANINGS – USE OF PROHIBITORY SIGNS 48

APPENDIX C - MEANINGS – USE OF WARNING SIGNS 71

APPENDIX D - MEANINGS – USE OF REGULATORY SIGNS 96

APPENDIX E - MEANINGS – USE OF WARNING SIGNS 103

APPENDIX F - MEANINGS – USE OF ADDITIONAL PANELS 138

APPENDIX H - LINE MARKINGS ON ROADS WITH SPEED ≤60KM/H 181

APPENDIX I - KILOMETER POSTS – H POSTS – ROW MARKERS 193

APPENDIX K - LETTER AND NUMBER FONT SIZE ON SIGNS 197

APPENDIX L - ROAD SIGNS ON ASIAN HIGHWAYS 201

CHAPTER I GENERAL PROVISIONS Article 1 Scope of regulation

This document provides regulations on the system of road signalization including: orders bytraffic controllers, traffic light, road/traffic signs, road/pavement markings, road/guard posts,guard barrier and fence, kilometer post, H post, right of way (RoW) markers, convex safetymirror and steel corrugated guardrail

Article 2 Objects of regulation

This regulation is applicable to all roadways in Vietnam roadway network including: nationalhighway, provincial road, district road, communal road, urban road, service road, and otherkinds of ways in the system participating in international treaties of which Vietnam is a member– herein after referred to as Asian highways (GMS-CBTA; agreements in ASEAN and otherinternational agreements)

Article 3 Enforceability priority of signaling system

3.1 When forms of signaling are arranged at the same time in the same area, with confusingmeanings, road users shall follow orders in the following sequence of priority:

3.1.1 Orders by traffic controllers;

3.1.2 Traffic light or flag;

3.1.3 Orders by road signs;

3.1.4 Pavement markings or other signs on the road surface

3.2 When at the same location where a traffic sign is available but then other sign is temporarilyinstalled nearby, and two signs have different meanings, road users must comply with orders bythe temporary signs

Article 4 Interpretation of terminology

The following words and expressions are interpreted with meanings as assigned to them in thiscontext:

4.1 Expressway refers to the road for motorized vehicles use, with separator to divide two

distinctive carriageways; no at-grade intersection with one or more ways; to be fully equippedwith facilities to promote smooth traffic and safety, with the aim at shortening travel time and itonly organizes entrance and exit at certain points;

4.2 National highway (NH) is the way linking Hanoi Capital with provincial level

administration center; way linking provincial administration center for three localities or more;linking international seaports, international airports to international border gates and main bordergates on land-way; to be based at location of special importance to regional socio-economicdevelopment;

4.3 Provincial road (PR) refers to the way connecting provincial administration center with the

counterpart of district or neighboring provinces; to be of significance to provincial economic development;

socio-4.4 District road (DR) is the route joining district administration center with that of commune,

commune cluster or adjacent district; having crucial role in socio-economic development of thesaid district;

4.5 Communal road (CR) means the route for junction of communal administration center with

hamlets, villages, mountain villages, or equivalences or connecting with neighboring communes;

it is important to communal socio-economic growth;

4.6 Urban road (UR) is the way located in the scope of inner city administrative borders.

4.7 Service road (SR) indicates those used for special purposes such as transportation or

travelling of some organizations, agencies, individuals

4.8 Roadway or land road includes roads, roadway bridges, tunnels, ferries.

4.9 Road for motorized vehicles use only means any route or drive way for motorized vehicles

traffic in isolation from carriageway for non-motorized vehicles and pedestrian by separator orlongitudinal solid markings;

4.10 Road for non-motorized vehicles and pedestrian use only is the way or part of way which

is distinguished from road for motorized vehicles by separator strips or longitudinal solidmarkings;

4.11 Major road is the way on which means of transport are given with way by other vehicles

from other directions when passing intersections, to be provided with sign for major road

4.11.1 Determination of major road (major road) follows these below priority:

4.11.2 If two roads of the same order, at-grade intersection; priority is specified as below:

- When traffic volume is identical, which one has more public transport cars or which one haslarger vehicular speed will be prioritized Should traffic volume be different, which way hasgreater volume will be prioritized;

- Which way has greater grade of pavement will be prioritized

4.11.3 It is invalid to specify both ways of at-grade intersection to be major roads

4.12 Minor roads refers to those of at-grade intersection with major road.

4.13 One-way road pertains to those on which vehicles can only travel in one direction.

4.14 Two-way road implies to roads for shared use by both directions without separators orsolid markings

4.15 Dual carriageway indicates roads of which opposite directions are isolated by separators or

solid longitudinal markings

4.16 Carriageway/drive way means the part of road used for traffic travelling;

4.17 Traffic lane is a part of carriageway, to be split on longitudinal basis, with width enough

for safe vehicular traffic;

4.18 Strip/separator is a component of road to divide the pavement into two distinctive

directions or to divide the carriageway for motorized from non-motorized vehicles, or drive wayfor various types of vehicles

4.19 Intersections are any places where two or more roadways are in junction on the same

plane, including the plane forming such intersections;

4.20 Name of main parts of a road are stated in the following cross section (Figure 1 and 2):

Table 1 – Main parts of road

4 Road safety corridor 11 Soil strip along both sides,

management and protection

of roadway works

Figure 1 – Road cross section

NOTE: Width of road safety corridor and land for roadway protection, management andmaintenance follows regulations by the Government

4.21 Populated areas term is used to indicate any zone of inner city, town, township,

administration center of commune or commune cluster and whatever of the same nature whereroadway goes through At places defined as “Populated areas”, road users must obey legalrestrictions;

4.22 Motorized vehicles term insinuates to categories of car; tractors, trailers or semi-trailers

powered by automobiles, traction engine, two-wheeled motorcycles; three-wheeled motorcycles;motor-assisted pedal cycles (including electric motorbike) and whatsoever;

4.23 Motorcar refers to passenger car of no more than 9 seats including driver, or cargo car with

carrying capacity of no more than 1.5 ton Motorcar also includes vehicles with similar structure

to three wheeled motorbikes but its self-weight is more than 400kg or above and capacity of lessthan 1.5 ton;

4.24 Truck means vehicles for transporting cargo or dedicated equipment with truck tonnage of

1.5 ton or more;

4.25 Passenger car refers to vehicles for passenger carrying with more than 9 seats including

bus Bus is a kind of passenger car with seats less than footholds

4.26 Semi-trailer tractor truck is used to point motorize vehicles used exclusively for cargo or

passenger transport of which vehicle body is semi-trailer designed to connect with tractor and totransmit a considerable part of loading onto the tractor and the tractor truck has no componentfor cargo or passenger carrying (tractor is designed to power semi-trailer);

4.27 Trailer tractor truck indicates vehicle designed for special purpose to pull trailer.

4.28 Trailer is a means with structure so that total weight of trailer is not put on the tractor 4.29 Tractor is a kind of traction engineer self-moving on its chain or rubber tire to perform

works of digging, excavation, lifting, bulldozing, leveling, pulling and pushing;

4.30 Motorcycle is motorized vehicles of two or three wheels and similar ones for carrying

passenger, powered with motor with cylinder capacity of 50cm3 or more, weight no more than400kg for two wheeled motorcycle or carrying capacity of 350kg to 500kg for three wheeledmotorcycle This definition shall not cover motor-assisted pedal cycle specified in item 4.31herein under

4.31 Motor-assisted pedal cycle refers to vehicle driven by motor, of two or three wheels and

maximum design velocity of no more than 50km/h If driving is thermos-motor, workingcapacity or equivalent capacity shall not be more than 50cm3

4.32 Non-motorized vehicles includes bicycle (including motor-assisted bike), tri-cycle, cycle

rickshaw, cart, wheelchair for the disable and whatever of the like nature;

4.33 Bicycle is two or three wheeled vehicle which is moved by human power, including special

vehicle for the disable with similar functions;

4.34 Carrier cycle is arranged for carrying goods on a frame or binding on two sides;

4.35 Human powered vehicle (HPV) refers to non-motorized vehicles of one or more wheels to

be driven by human force pulling or pushing, excluding baby buggy and dedicated vehicle forthe invalids;

4.36 Cart means non-motorized vehicles powered by animals.

4.37 Road users (traffic participants) refer to any one controlling and using means of transport

in roadway, animal controllers or guides; walkers;

4.38 Priority vehicles designates vehicles being given with priority according Law on Road

Traffic;

4.38.1 Below listed vehicles have priorities to go over others when passing intersections fromany approaching direction, with order:

a) Fire engine on duty;

b) Military or police cars on emergency duty; cars guided by police;

4.39 Right of way (RoW) markers is used to show any marker to be erected at edges of

pavement to clarify boundaries of land for roadway on horizontal direction;

4.40 Overhead gantry pertains to any framework as hanger for signs over the road surface, and

when signs are installed thereon, lower side of signs (or lower edge of beam if it is lower thansign lower side) must be at least 5m far from the road surface;

Figure 2 – Overhead Gantry

4.41 Dangerous or hazardous goods means any item containing dangerous substances when

moving on roads, and there is likelihood to harm personal life, health, the environment, safetyand national security;

CHAPTER II TRAFFIC CONTROL ORDERS Article 5 Methods of traffic control

5.1 Means of traffic control:

b) By automatic traffic light system

Article 5 Traffic controllers’ orders

6.1 Orders made by traffic controllers are shown by hands, flags or traffic baton In order toattract attention by road users, traffic controllers, in addition to above means, may also whistle;6.2 Orders by highway police:

a) Raising arm upright to command all road users in directions to stop;

b) Extending one or both hands to signal road users from his front and behind side tostop; beckoning users from the controller’s left and right approaching in every directions;folding left arm behind his nape many times to signal road users on his left to go faster, orfolding his right arm before his chest to show road users on his right side to come faster; or hisleft or right hand is on belt position, raising hand up and down to order road users from his left

or right, respectively to slow down; left of right hand of traffic controller raising vertically inperpendicular with the ground to show that users from his left or right hand to stop;

c) Right arm extending to the front to signal road users from the behind and right ofcontroller to stop; users form the front is permitted to turn right; road users from the left ofcontroller may go in any direction; pedestrian crossing behind controllers may go; and his leftarm extending to the front repeatedly in parallel with right arm to signal road users on the left ofcontroller to turn left in front of the traffic controller

6.3 Regulations on use of whistle for traffic control by police:

a) One long, strong whistle: stop

b) One short whistle: Go

c) One long and one short whistle: turn left;

d) Two short and strong whistles: Danger, please slow down;

e) Three short and quick whistles: Faster;

g) Continuous several whistles, strong: Stop for checking or signaling of violation

6.1 Provided that there is signal or order to stop while vehicles already passes the “Stop line”and stopping will lead to unsafe traffic, allow to go ahead; Pedestrian still on pedestrian crossingmust accelerate or stop at safety islands, if island are unavailable, stop at the marking dividingtwo streams of traffic on reverse direction;

6.5 Controller points his traffic baton to any direction, such direction must stop

Article 7 Authorities of traffic controllers

All and any driver and walkers must strictly comply with orders by traffic controllers no matterhow his orders are in contrary with traffic light, road signs or markings

Article 8 Traffic controllers

Traffic controllers must be police wearing uniform as required by Ministry of Public Security orauthorized person wearing red badge of 10cm width at the middle of his right arm

Article 9 Traffic control with traffic light

9.1 Traffic light for traffic control is commonly used with 3 colors: green, yellow (amber) andred, mainly in round shape, to be installed vertically or horizontally;

9.1.1 Order of light colors vertically: red on top, yellow in the middle and green underneath;9.1.2 Order of light colors horizontally: red on the left, yellow in the middle and green on theright;

9.2 In addition to three main types aforementioned, additional lights may be provided uponscope of intersections and traffic organization:

9.2.1 Additional lights with arrow to be mounted on horizontal plane with green signal;

9.2.2 For traffic light without additional lights, in each signal of main light, we may insertarrow; then it is the same as additional lights If arrow of this kind indicates turn-left permission,U-turn movement is also allowable;

9.2.3 Traffic light attached with count down timer is useful for showing time of main line;9.2.4 Traffic light with red-cross symbol signaling to stop In case vehicle is inside interchange,

it shall get out of that quickly

9.3 Meanings of traffic light:

9.3.1 Green signal: Go

9.3.2 Yellow signal: Transition of signal When it luminesces, drivers must stop before “Stopline” Should vehicle and pedestrian go over the “Stop line”, and stopping may result in danger,keep on passing interchanges quickly;

9.3.3 Flickering yellow lights: Going is permissive but be cautious in observation and givingway to pedestrian crossing or other vehicles;

9.3.4 Red signal: Stop;

9.4 Implications by arrow additional lights:

9.4.1 If lights are provided with additional lights of green arrow shape, vehicles are permittedgoing only when the arrow gives a light Signal of arrow permits left-turn also U-turnmovement;

9.4.2 When green arrow turns on at the same time with red or yellow light, vehicle controllersfollow the arrow but giving way to vehicles from other directions;

9.4.3 When red arrows turns on at the same time with main green signal, vehicles shall notfollow the arrow direction At places where such red arrows are provided, establish a turningwaiting lane for vehicles running on prohibited direction

9.5 Traffic control with two-colored lights

9.5.1 Traffic control for pedestrian is made by two-colored lights: When signal turns to red withsymbol of person in standing position or word “Stop”; When signal turns to green with symbol

of person in walking or word “Go”;

Pedestrian are allowed to go over the road when the signal displays green and walk within therows of studs fixed on the pavement or line marking Flickering green lights signals that light isabout to turn to red;

9.5.2 Lights with two colors of green and red without flickering is used to control traffic atintersections with railway, ferry, drawbridges, runway for airplane at negligible elevations, and

so on Green light: To go Red light: To stop Green and red lights shall not turn onsimultaneously;

9.5.3 Double red lights with alternate flickering function at intersection with railway, when itturns to red, every vehicle must stop and go only when the light switches itself off Besideflickering red lights, to call attention, electric bell or voice speaker may be equipped to remind oftrain approaching

9.6 So as to control traffic for each type of vehicle, on specific lane, it is possible to applydouble light to be hung on the carriageway, green light with arrow pointing downward, and redlight with two crosses Signals have meanings as below:

9.6.1 Green signal allows going on the lane denoted;

9.6.2 Red signal prohibits going on the lane that red light is overhead;

9.6.3 Both lights turn off: Prohibiting all vehicles to come into this lane if it is painted withMarking 1.9 in Appendix K

Article 10 Enforceability of traffic lights

At intersections where both traffic lights and traffic roads are set up, driver shall follow trafficlights firstly In case of turn-off or flickering, they follow traffic signs

Article 11 Signal of Priority vehicles

11.1 Signals of fire engines on duty:

The fire engines are furnished with rotary lamps on their roofs emitting red or blue light andwith horns to blow priority signals

11.2 Signals of military vehicles on emergency duty;

11.2.1 Cars are with equipped with rotating lights or flash lights in green or red color attached

on the roof, military flag at the front end on the left of drivers; horn to signal priority;

11.2.2 Motorbikes are furnished with revolving lights or flash lights in red to be attached onshaft, in the front or rear, military flag on the front and horn to signal priority;

11.3 Signals of police on emergency duty:

11.3.1 Cars are mounted with rotary lamps on roofs emitting blue-red lights, with policepennants at the heads of cars to the left of the drivers and with horns to blow priority signals;11.3.2 Motorbikes are furnished with blue or red light-emitting lamps on front or rear forks,with police pennants at the heads of the vehicles and with horns to blow priority signals

11.4 Signals of road-clearance highway police:

11.4.1 Cars are mounted with rotary lamps on roofs emitting blue-red lights, with policepennants at the heads of cars to the left of the drivers and with horns to blow priority signals;11.4.2 Motorbikes are furnished with blue or red light-emitting lamps on front or rear forks,with police pennants at the heads of the vehicles and with horns to blow priority signals;

11.5 Signals of ambulances on duty:

The ambulances are furnished with rotary lamps on roofs emitting red light and with horns toblow priority signals

11.6 Signals of dyke protection car or cars on duty in emergency following legal provisions:11.6.1 Vehicles performing the task of dyke protection carry the signboard "XE HO DE" (dykeprotection vehicle) at the heads of cars to the left of the drivers;

11.6.2 Vehicles performing the tasks of overcoming consequences of natural disasters, epidemic

or emergency state vehicles:

a) Vehicles performing the tasks of overcoming consequences of natural disasters, epidemicshall bear separate signboards;

b) Emergency state vehicles as required by laws are furnished with flag “EMERGENCY” at theheads of cars to the left of the drivers

11.7 Using priority vehicles' signals

11.7.1 The priority vehicles may use priority signals only when they are on urgent missions;11.7.2 Land road traffic means other than the priority vehicles are strictly forbidden to usepriority vehicles’ horns, pennants, lamps and/or signboards, prescribed in Article 11.1, 11.2,11.3, 11.4, 11.5 and 11.6 of herein above

11.8 When priority vehicles signal, road users must as soon as possible slow down, detour ortop close to the right roadside to give a way Never obstruct prioritized vehicles

Article 12 Traffic light mounting position and height

12.1 Surface of lights must be in perpendicular with center of road lane to the right of road users

by going direction;

12.2 By road horizontal direction: Lights must be positioned at the roadside or separator and to

be 0.5-5m far from the carriageway edges;

12.3 When arranging lights vertically: Height from the lowest light surface to carriagewayedges ranges from 2m to 3m for three-color-light and from 2m to 2.5m for two-color light ofpedestrian crossover When lights are place horizontally, minimum elevation must be 5.2m fromthe lowest point of light to the road surface;

12.4 In populated areas, urban areas, lights may be hung at the middle of intersections, over thedriveway The lowest point thereof to the carriageway ranges from 5m to 5.5m

Article 13 Dimensions, shape and other regulations on traffic lights

Dimensions, shape and other regulations are stated herein under in Appendix A

CHAPTER III TRAFFIC SIGNS Article 14 Classification of traffic signs

Road traffic signs in the context of this Regulations are generally classified into 6 groups:

14.1 Prohibitory or Restrictive Signs: typically round in shape (apart for Sign 122 “Stop” of aneight-sided polygon – octagon) to set up prohibition or restriction that road users must strictlyconform Most of signs have standard color scheme which is red border, black patternembleming travelling prohibition or restriction of motorized, no-motorized vehicles andpedestrian on white background;

This category of prohibitory signs includes 40 types to be numbered from Sign 101 to Sign 140.14.2 (Danger) Warning Signs: An equilateral triangle with a yellow background and a thick redborder, containing a black symbol as description to warn road users to foresee characteristics ofdanger to be prepared for prevention and dealing This category covers 47 types to be numberedfrom 201 to 247;

14.3 Regulatory Signs: Round shape, except for Sign 310 in rectangular shape, on bluebackground, excluding Sign 310 in white background, to be displayed with white drawingssymbolling an order to inform the road users of enforceable command This groups contains 10types numbered from 301 to 310;

14.4 Guide Signs: Comes in a variety shapes such as rectangular, square or rectangular with achamfered end, to provide road users with necessary instruction or useful information duringtheir journey, on blue background including 47 types numbered form 401 to 447;

14.5 Additional panels or supplementary signboards: In rectangular or square shape, to bemounted in combination with warning signs, prohibitory signs, regulatory and guide signs toprovide further descriptions to the main signs or used independently This category includes 9types numbered from 501 to 509;

14.6 Signs used for Asian highways: This group shall be in accordance with regulations ininternational treaties with Vietnam as a member;

14.7 In addition to 6 sign categories here above, this Regulation also covers another kind ofrectangular sign with white lettering on blue color used to give guidance or command to non-motorized vehicles and pedestrian For Asian highways, lettered signs must have English wordsunder Vietnamese version, with the same font size with Vietnamese lettering.

Article 15 Dimensions of traffic signs

15.1 This regulation specifies parameters on sign dimensions, images inside and lettering fordesign speed of ≤60km/h with factor 1 (Refer to Figure 3 and Table 2);

15.2 For roads with higher designed speed, sign dimensions, images and lettering must bemultiplied by corresponding factor in Table 3, dimensions are founded on the followingprinciple:

- Unit digit ≤ 5, rounded to 5;

- Unit digit > 5, take value of 0 and increase tens digit by 1 unit;

Figure 3 – Dimensions of main signs Table 2 – Basic dimensions for sign of generation 1

Triangular signs

Distance from peak of circle segment to peak ofbasic triangular, c

15.3 For urban roads: Depending on operational speed to select dimensions of traffic signs asappropriate;

15.4 Upon actual conditions, dimensions of guide signs may be increased with approval bycompetent authorities;

15.5 Removable, temporary signs in short term may have dimensions of 0.7 times larger thansigns of factor 1;

15.6 For Asian highways, lettered signs dimension may be adjusted to make room for lettering

as regulated by this Regulation

Article 16 Enforceability of signs by horizontal direction

16.1 Danger warning and guide signs are enforceable on all lanes of the same direction;

16.2 Prohibition and regulatory signs may enforce either upon all lanes or just one or some lanes

of the same direction If enforceability of prohibitory and regulatory signs is limited on one orsome lanes, it is imperative to hang signs over the lane (on overhead gantry) Each lane ismounted with one sign separately and Sign 504 “Lane” must be placed right under the mainsign

Article 17 Mounting on vertical and horizontal position

17.1 Traffic signs must be mounted so as to make it easily visible to road users and they haveenough time to be in anticipation or change of speed or direction but signs shall in no wayobstruct travelling of road users;

On condition that no visibility distance is calculated, to take a distance of 150m that signsbecome visible to road users on high-speed and multi-lane ways; 100m for roads rather than inpopulated areas; and of 50m for populated areas;

17.2 Signs must be mounted on the right hand side and surface is perpendicular with direction

of travel Signs are located vertically; in necessary cases, signs on the left side may be duplicated

to repeat signs installed on the right side;

Lettered signs are applied exclusively for non-motorized vehicles and pedestrian, in restrictedcases, sign surface may be installed in parallel with direction of travel

17.3 Distance from sign external sign to the carriageway side must be 0.5m far fromcarriageway edge In difficult cases such as no roadside, no footpath, or hidden sight or anysimilar case may be, it is possible to displace signs horizontally but sign edges to thecarriageway side shall not cover over the carriageway edge or to be far from carriageway of nomore than 1.7m;

17.4 In populated areas or on sections which with sidewalk higher than the carriageway, it ispermissible to install signs on the sidewalk but sign surface shall not be in projection over thesidewalk and occupy more than width of the sidewalk Unless satisfying this principle, signsshall be mounted overhead the carriageway;

17.5 On sections with areas for non-motorized vehicles separately, distinguished by separator,allow to place sign on the separator;

17.6 On carriageways of high speed and multiple lanes, signs may be hung over thecarriageway; guide signs for each lane may be installed and signs are mounted on the overheadgantry;

Article 18 Overhead gantry

18.1 Overhead gantry is a steel structure bearing its own weight, weight of signs and wind,storm level 12;

18.2 Standing post of overhead gantry is installed on the roadside, sidewalk, to be at least 0.5mfar away from the road surface external border including places with emergency lanes,acceleration and deceleration lane Once standing post of the overhead gantry is in the scope ofseparators, it must be situated at 0.5m far from the external edges of the separator;

18.3 Clearance from the lower edge of signs (if hanging signs underneath) or lowest point ofoverhead gantry’s horizontal beam (if hanging signs uppermost) to the road surface must be atleast 5m

Article 19 Sign mounting height

19.1 Signs are steadily mounted on its own post as regulated in Article 21 However, in urban,residential areas, signs are permitted to be installed on electric poles or permanent works as long

as it satisfies technical specifications in terms of location, height, visibility distance statedherein;

19.2 In case of hanging signs on post: Mounting height from lower edge of sign to thecarriageway edge is 18m for roads out of populated areas and 2m for roads in populated areas.Sign 507 “Turn Direction” is situated at 1m to 1.5m Lettered signs used exclusively for non-motorized vehicles and pedestrian are placed at 1.8m higher than roadside or sidewalk surface;19.3 Should signs be suspended overhead the carriageway, lower sign of signs must 5m to 5.5mhigher than carriageway center;

19.4 If it is necessary to install many signs at the same place, such signs may be placed on thesame post but no more than 3 pieces in priority: prohibitory signs (1), warning sign (2),regulatory sign (3), guide sign (4) as in the below figure:

Figure 4 – Combination chart of signs on the same post

19.5 Distance between sign edges is 5cm, elevation from the center of sign part withcarriageway edge is 1.8m for roads out of populated areas and 2m for roads and streets inpopulated areas.

Article 20 Reflection on sign surface

All land road traffic signs must be covered by reflective film in accordance with TCVN7887:2008 Reflective Film for road signs to be visible in both day time and night time

Article 21 Regulations on sign posts

21.1 Sign posts have to be made of solid material (steel or other materials of equivalentdurability) with minimum dimension of 8cm;

21.2 Sign posts must be painted with alternate, parallel or 30odiagonal red and white stripescompared to ground plane Width of each painting stripe is 25cm÷ 30cm, white and red partwidth is identical

CHAPTER IV PROHIBITORY SIGNS Article 22 Intended use of prohibitory signs

Prohibitory signs give effect to prohibitions Road users must conform to such prohibitionshown by signs

Article 23 Implications by prohibitory signs

23.1 Prohibitory signs include 40 types to be numbered from 101 to 140 with implication asbelow:

- Sign 101: No traffic;

- Sign 102: No entry;

- Sign 103 (a): No automobiles;

- Sign 103 (b, c): No automobiles turning left and right;

- Sign 104: No motorcycles;

- Sign 105: No automobiles and motorcycles;

- Sign 106 (a, b): No trucks;

- Sign 106 (c): No truck carrying dangerous goods (Sign C, 3h- GMS);

- Sign 107: No passenger cars and trucks;

- Sign 108: No automobiles, trailer or semi-trailer tractors;

- Sign 109: No tractors;

- Sign 110 (a): No bicycles;

- Sign 110 (b): No carrier cycles;

- Sign 111 (a): No motor-assisted pedal cycles;

- Sign 111 (b) or (c): No motorized three-wheeled vehicles (auto-rickshaw or electric cyclerickshaw);

- Sign 111 (d): No non-motorized three-wheeled vehicles (cycle rickshaw);

- Sign 112: No pedestrians;

- Sign 113: No human powered vehicles’

- Sign 114: No cart

- Sign 115: Weight limit

- Sign 116: Axle weight limit (single axle);

- Sign 117: Height limit;

- Sign 118: Width limit;

- Sign 119: Length limit;

- Sign 120: Length limit for trailer or semi-trailer tractors;

- Sign 121: Safety distance;

- Sign 122: Stop;

- Sign 123 (a, b): No turn (left, right):

- Sign 124 (a): No U-turn;

- Sign 124 (b): No car U-turn;

- Sign 125: No overtaking;

- Sign 126: No truck overtaking;

- Sign 127: Speed limit;

- Sign 128: No horn;

- Sign 129: Stop for control;

- Sign 130: No stopping and parking;

- Sign 131 (a, b c): No parking;

- Sign 132: Give way to motorized vehicles in opposite direction over narrow roads;

- Sign 133: End of no overtaking;

- Sign 134: End of speed limit;

- Sign 135: End of all prohibitions;

- Sign 136: No straight ahead;

- Sign 137: No left turn and right turn;

- Sign 138: No straight ahead and no left turn;

- Sign 139: No straight ahead and no right turn;

- Sign 140: No “cong nong” (a kind of tractor for farm use)

23.2 Uses of each sign is detailed in Appendix B

Article 24 Prohibitory signs with time limit

When it is necessary to prohibit traffic on time limit basis, additional panel Sign 508 should beinstalled under the prohibitory sign with notes in Vietnamese and English inscription (ifforeigners to be in traffic in that area or highways of international treaties)

Article 25 Prohibitory signs for several vehicles

To prohibit traffic for several means of transport, we may combine inserting symbols ofprohibited vehicles on the same sign as below:

25.1 Motorized vehicles are combined on the same sign (for example Sign 105 and Sign 107);25.2 Non-motorized vehicles are combined on the same sign (Sign 113 may be combined withSign 114);

25.3 To make it easy to see and to make room for arranging images, on each sign only combine

no more than two vehicles;

25.4 Do not combine in one sign for restricting both non-motorized vehicles and motorized onesexcept for complex traffic when it is necessary to forbid one type of non-motorized vehicle andone type of motorized vehicle (for instance, to prohibit cycle rickshaw and lorry, we maycombine Sign 111 and Sign 106);

25.5 Do not mix prohibition of pedestrians and vehicles on the same sign

Article 26 Dimensions, shape and color scheme of prohibitory signs

Signs are typically round in shape apart for Sign 122 “Stop” to be in octagonal shape; colorscheme is white background, except for Sign 102 and Sign 122 is on red background, Sign 130,Sign 131 is on blue background Signs are enclosed by a red border of 10cm width(corresponding signs of dimension factor 1) Particularly Sign 133, Sign 134 and Sign 135 hasblue border of 2cm width and Sign 122, refer to Appendix B for more details Signs havediagonal crosses of 45o, in 5cm wide red color (corresponding signs of dimension factor 1) cut incenter from the upper left to the lower right side (excluding Sign 129 is a horizontal line) Exceptfor certain signs to be detailed in Appendix B, in general signs have black images overlappingred crosses

Dimensions, shape and color of signs are specified in Appendix B and Article 15

Article 27 Location of placing prohibitory signs by direction of travel and enforceability of signs

27.1 Prohibitory signs are placed at intersections or put in advance on a certain place onprohibited way;

Signs become enforceable from the location of placement towards If due to some reasons, signsmust be placed far from the prohibitory place, establish Sign 502 to clarify distance (stated on

additional panel) from the rear of the prohibitory sign to the point that sign starts to beenforceable.

27.2 When necessary to indicate effect direction of signs and starting and ending of sign, set upSign 503 “Effect direction of signs”;

27.3 There is no need to specify scope of effect/enforceability of signs for those ranging fromSign 101 to Sign 120, no sign for prohibition ending

27.4 As attachment to prohibitory signs mentioned in section 27.3, set up directional guide signsfor prohibited vehicles (except for the case road is restricted because of traffic jam withoutramp) as stated in Chapter VIII for guide signs;

27.5 Sign 121 and Sign 128 have effect till the end of the prohibited distance stated on Sign 501

or placement location of Sign 135 “End of all prohibitions”;

Sign 123 and Sign 129 are enforceable at their place;

Sign 124 is given with effect at intersections or based on Sign 503;

Signs 125, 126, 127, 130, 131 (a, b, c) are valid to reach intersections or places set up with end

of prohibition signs (Sign 133, 134, 135), Sign 130 and 131 (a, b, c) follows Sign 503

27.6 If prohibition is applied for a very long road section, at intersections in prohibited areawhere vehicles may enter, prohibitory signs must be repeated

CHAPTER V WARNING SIGNS Article 28 Uses of warning signs

Warning signs target to giving precaution of dangerous situations which are likely to occur.They are used to inform in advance road users, mainly motorized vehicles drivers, of hazardahead for prevention When facing warning signs, drivers have to slow down to necessaryvelocity, paying attention to observation and to be ready for handling any possible case toprevent accident

Article 29 Meanings of warning signs

29.1 There are 47 types of warning signs to be numbered from 201 to 247 as below:

- Sign 201 (a, b): Dangerous bend;

- Sign 202 (a, b): Double bend;

- Sign 203 (a, b, c): Narrow carriageway;

- Sign 204: Two-way traffic;

- Sign 205 (a, b, c, d, e): Intersections;

- Sign 206: Traffic circle/Roundabout;

- Sign 207 (a, b, c, d, e, f, g, h, i, k): Intersection with minor roads;

- Sign 208: Intersection with major roads;

- Sign 209: Traffic lights;

- Sign 210: Railway crossing with barrier;

- Sign 211 (a): Railway crossing without barrier;

- Sign 211 (b): Tram crossing;

- Sign 212: Narrow bridge;

- Sign 213: Temporary bridge;

- Sign 214: Drawbridge;

- Sign 215: Riverside road;

- Sign 216: Underground way;

- Sign 217: Ferry;

- Sign 218: Underpass;

- Sign 219: Descending hill;

- Sign 220: Ascending hill;

- Sign 221 (a): Bumpy road;

- Sign 221 (b): Uneven road;

- Sign 222 (a): Slippery road;

- Sign 222 (b): Dangerous roadside;

- Sign 223 (a, b): Dangerous mountain side;

- Sign 224: Pedestrian crossing;

- Sign 225: Children crossing ahead;

- Sign 226: Cyclist crossing;

- Sign 227: Roadworks

- Sign 228 (a, b): Falling rocks;

- Sign 228 (c): Loose chippings;

- Sign 229: Airplane runway;

- Sign 230: Cattle;

- Sign 231: Wild animal crossing;

- Sign 232: Cross wind;

- Sign 233: Danger;

- Sign 234: Intersection with two-way traffic;

- Sign 235: Start of dual carriageway;

- Sign 236:End of dual carriageway;

- Sign 237: Hump bridge road;

- Sign 238: Expressway ahead;

- Sign 239: Overhead electric cable;

- Sign 240: Tunnel;

- Sign 241: Traffic queue;

- Sign 242 (a, b): Railway perpendicular crossing;

- Sign 243: Railway non-perpendicular crossing;

- Sign 244: Hazard of accident;

- Sign 245 (a, b): Slow (a), Slow by international treaties (b);

- Sign 246 (a, b, c): Obstacle ahead;

- Sign 247: Parking ahead

29.2 See Appendix C for further details of these signs uses

Article 30 Dimensions, shape and color of warning signs

30.1 Warning signs usually take the shape of an equilateral triangle, with its apexes to be turnedround; having one horizontal side and its opposite apex is upward, except for Sign 208

“Intersection with major roads” where opposite apex is downward;

30.2 Dimensions of signs are in proportion with designed speed; background is light yellowenclosed in a read border of 5cm width (sign of dimension factor 1), excluding Sign 247 havingdimension of 0.6 times larger than factor 1 signs; images inside signs are usually black unlessotherwise specified;

Specific dimensions of images and color schemes are stated in details in Appendix C and Article15

Article 31 Placement of warning sign and effectiveness of signs

Warning signs are generally placed in advance at a distance from its danger location, dependingupon average speed of vehicles within the scope of 10km at its installation place; distance isprovided herein under:

Table 4 – Distance from installation place to danger location

Average speed of vehicles within 10km from

installation place Distance from installation place to dangerlocation

- From 20km/h to <35km/h - 50m to <100m

- 35km/h to <50km/h - 100m to >150m

31.2 Distance from sign to danger location must be consistent on the whole section with thesame average speed In special case where it is necessary, signs may be sited nearer or furtherbut Sign 502 “Distance to signaled object” must be added;

Sign 208 “Intersection with major roads”: In populated areas, to place it directly before theintersections with major roads; out of populated areas: depending on nearness or farness tointersection with major roads to add Sign 502.

31.3 Each kind of signs indicates one potential hazard at a particular location or short or longsection In case placing Sign 202 (a, b, c), 219, 220, 221a, 225, 228, 231, 232, whiledangerousness happens on a long distance, Sign 505 “Scope of effect” should be supplemented

to point out length of dangerous road section If the length of the same hazard is more than500m, signs must be reproduced on each interval of 500m in association with Sign 501 to clarifylength of the next dangerous section;

31.4 In scope of speed limited sections:

31.4.1 For dangerous bend where maximum speed of less than 25km/h, there is no need toinstall dangerous bend sign (Sign 201 a, b and Sign 202 a, b, c);

31.4.2 In situations of bad road, uneven or slippery road, with speed limit from 10km/h to15km/h, it is not mandatory to set signs for uneven and slippery road (Sign 221 a, b and Sign222a, b);

31.5 On streets where vehicles must run slowly, and there are continuousjunctions/intersections, it is unneedful to install Sign 205 (a, b, c, d, e) “Intersection”

CHAPTER VI REGULATORY SIGNS Article 32 Use of regulatory signs

Regulatory signs are traffic signs intended to instruct road users what they must or should do (ornot do) under a given set of circumstances When in traffic, all vehicles and road users mustcomply with signs

Article 33 Implications by regulatory signs

33.1 Regulatory signs are categorized in 10 types to be numbered from 301 to 310 withimplications as below:

- Sign 301 (a, b, c, d, e, f, h, i): Direction to follow;

- Sign 302 (a, b): Detour direction to avoid obstacle;

- Sign 303: Intersection by roundabout;

- Sign 304: Non-motorized vehicles only;

- Sign 305: Pedestrians only;

- Sign 306: Minimum speed limit;

- Sign 307: End of minimum speed limit;

- Sign 308 (a, b): Straight ahead or turn left (right) on flyover;

- Sign 309: Sound horn;

- Sign 310 (a, b, c): Direction for truck carrying dangerous goods”

33.2 Please refer to Appendix D for details of each sign type

Article 34 Dimensions, shape and color of regulatory signs

34.1 Regulatory signs are in round shape, dimensions are in proportion with designed speed, onblue background, legend, images, number are in white color Sign 307 has red diagonal strokes

of 9cm width (sign of dimension factor 1), to be lined from upper right to lower left side Thesediagonal strokes combine with a horizontal line of 30o angle and overlap lettering Sign 310 isrectangular on white background;

34.2 See Appendix D and Article 15 for detailed dimensions and images on signs

Article 35 Location of regulatory signs erection by direction of travel and effects of signs

35.1 Regulatory signs must be directly erected near the place of regulation, if it is hard to do soleading to farther place, attach Sign 502;

35.2 Regulatory signs become effective from its place of erection For Sign 301a, if it is laidafter junction, its effectiveness begins from the placement to the next junction In no case signsprohibit turning left or right into personal house or alleys on the same road where signs haveenforceability

CHAPTER VII GUIDE SIGNS Article 36 Usage of guide signs

36.1 Guide signs are used to indicate direction or necessary information to assist road users incontrolling vehicles, for smooth and safe traffic control;

36.2 For road users who are not familiar with the way, guide signs are indispensable

Article 37 Implications by guide signs

37.1 There are 47 types of guide signs to be numbered from 401 to 447 as below:

- Sign 401: Start of major road;

- Sign 402: End of major road;

- Sign 403 (a, b): Motor vehicles only;

- Sign 404 (a, b): End of motor vehicles way;

- Sign 405 (a, b, c): Dead end;

- Sign 406: Prioritized over narrow roads;

- Sign 407 (a, b, c): One-way roads;

- Sign 408: Parking zone;

- Sign 409: U-turn;

- Sign 410: U-turn zone;

- Sign 411: Direction on each lane on multiple lane way divided by line marking;

- Sign 412 (a, b, c, d): “Lanes for specific vehicles”;

- Sign 413 (a): Road with passenger car lane;

- Sign 413 (b, c): Turn to road with passenger car lane;

- Sign 414 (a, b, c, d): Direction pointing;

- Sign 415: Directional arrows;

- Sign 416: Detour;

- Sign 417 (a, b, c): Direction to follow by each kind of vehicles;

- Sign 418: Carriageway for no-turning places;

- Sign 419: Boundaries instruction;

- Sign 420: Start of populated areas;

- Sign 421: End of populated areas;

- Sign 422: Historical monuments;

- Sign 423 (a, b): Pedestrian crossing;

- Sign 424 (a, b): Pedestrian overhead bridge;

- Sign 424 (c, d): Pedestrian underpass;

- Sign 425: Hospital;

- Sign 426: First aid;

- Sign 427 (a): Repair workshop;

- Sign 427 (b): Weigh station;

- Sign 434 (a): Bus stop;

- Sign 434 (b): Truck depot;

- Sign 435: Tram station

- Sign 436: Highway police station;

- Sign 437: Expressway;

- Sign 438: End of expressway;

- Sign 439: Name of bridge;

- Sign 440: Under construction

- Sign 441 (a, b, c): Ahead works;

- Sign 442: Market;

- Sign 443: Trailer tractor;

- Sign 444: Location guide sign;

- Sign 445: Description of road status;

- Sign 446: Handicapped parking;

- Sign 447: Interchange flyover

37.2 Refer to Appendix E for detailed explanation of each type

Article 38 Legend for lettering on guide signs

Guide signs with word messages placed in cities, townships or national highways on whichforeigners are frequently in traffic must be added with English inscription under Vietnameselettering but English words font size must be smaller as ½ Vietnamese version

Article 39 Dimensions, shape and color of guide signs

39.1 Guide signs take square, rectangular or rectangular shape with one chamfered side;

39.2 Signs are on blue background with white images and letters If the background is white,images and lettering is in black excluding some guide signs otherwise stated in Appendix E;39.3 Specific dimensions, lettering, number and color of guide signs are designated in Appendix

E and Article 15

Article 40 Installation location by direction of travel

Depending on features, each type of sign is placed as below:

40.1 Sign 401, 402, 403, 404 and 420, 421 must be situated right on the beginning point andending point of major roads, carriageway for automobiles and of populated areas;

40.2 Sign 407 (a, b, c), 411, 412 (a, b, c, d), 413 (a, b, c) and 418 shall be located at theintersections:

Sign 407a, 412 (a, b, c, d), 413a are placed behind the intersections;

Sign 407 (b, c), 413 (b, c) are sited in front of the intersections;

Sign 418 is erected before sign prohibiting turning and to be at least 30m far from theintersection indicated by signs;

40.3 Sign 405 (a, b, c), 414 (a, b, c, d), 416, 417 (a, b) for the purpose of instruction formotorized vehicles, shall be provided with warning signs at place to be far 20m to 50m in

advance Should no warning sign is arranged, guide signs must be situated at a distance fromdesignated intersections as stated in Article 31.1;

40.4 Sign 406, 408, 409, 410, 417c and Signs ranging from 422 to 436 are placed right beforeand close to guided section, if they are erected farther, Sign 502 will associate with them

Article 41 Regulations on directional guide signs

41.1 At all roadway intersections, directional guide signs must be put (Sign 414 a, b, c, d) Inresidential areas, it is allowable to put signs on main directions connecting such residential areaswith historical place-names, urban, residential, tourism areas, and industrial parks in the vicinity.41.2 Sign 414 (a, b) is used in case there is only one place-name of residential area to be guided.Sign 414 (c, d) is employed when there are two residential areas or more to be guided

41.3 On each direction, there should be no more than three place-names to be guided Fartherplace is stated below, and in-turn, places stated on the signs must be maintained on the nextguide signs until reaching the nearest place on the sign;

41.1 Place-names and distance on signs are regulated as follows:

41.4.1 Place-names to be guided must be those by which the route passes Selection of names to guide shall obey the following priorities and this principle is applied on every roadsystem kinds (Expressway, national highway, provincial road, communal road, district road andurban road) excluding service road:

place Name of municipalities;

- Name of provincial cities;

- Name of provincial chief town (administrative center of province level);

Notes: No name of province unless it is the same with chief town

- Name of towns;

- Name of district level towns (district level administrative center);

Notes: No name of district unless it is the same with district level town;

- Name of commune level towns;

- Historical monuments or tourist attraction;

- Name of important junctions (three or four legs), name of starting and ending point ofroute

41.4.2 On service road, only state place-names at intersections, starting or ending point of road.41.4.3 Distance stated on signs is the spacing from sign location to center of guided place-nameand it is rounded as even number to kilometers Spacing of each sub-section must be suitable tototal distance and consistent in both carriageway directions;

CHAPTER VIII ADDITIONAL PANELS AND LETTERED SIGNS Article 42 Additional panels

42.1 Effect of additional panels:

Additional panels (or the so-called supplementary signboards) are attachment to main trafficroads: warning signs, prohibitory signs, regulatory signs and guide signs to give additionaldescription for more understandable, apart for Sign 507 “Turning direction” which should beused independently;

42.2 Meanings of additional panels:

42.2.1 Additional panels consist of 9 types with number from 501 to 509 with implications asbelow:

- Sign 501: Scope of effectiveness;

- Sign 502: Distance to signaled target;

- Sign 503 (a, b, c, d, e, f): Effect direction;

- Sign 504: Lane;

- Sign 505a: Kind of vehicle;

- Sign 505b: Vehicles restricted passing bridge;

- Sign 505c: Axle weight limit passing bridge;

- Sign 506 (a, b): Direction of major road;

- Sign 507: Turning direction;

- Sign 508 (a, b): Time indication;

- Sign 509 (a, b): Statement to main sign

42.2.2 Use of each type is explained in details in Appendix F

42.3 Dimensions, shape and color of additional panels:

42.3.1 Additional panels are in rectangular or square shape;

42.3.2 Signs are on white background, with black images and lettering Sign 509 is on bluebackground with black words Sign 507 and 508 (a, b) have special features referred inAppendix G;

42.3.3 Detailed dimensions of images, lettering, numbers and color of signs are stated inAppendix G and Article 15 (dimensions of additional panels must be adequate with main signs).42.4 Place of additional panels:

Additional panels are placed right under the main sign except for Sign 507 is used independentlyand placed at the back of the bend in opposite with going direction or at the middle of safetyislands of intersection

Article 43 Lettered signs

43.1 Lettered signs are applicable to pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles whenever it isimpossible to apply signs specified in Chapter IV, VI and VII;

43.2 Rectangular signs Guide signs have white lettering on blue background whereasprohibitory or regulatory signs have white lettering on red background;

43.3 Wording on signs, depending on contents of instruction or regulation, should be as short aspossible Signs used for prohibition will begin with “NO”

Article 44 Shape, dimensions, images on additional panels and lettered signs

Shape, dimensions, images of signs are defined in Appendix G and Article 15 Shape of letteredsigns are rectangular with minimum width of 20cm

Article 45 Writing and number on additional panels and lettered signs

45.1 All of writing and numbers on signs and kilometer post are used for consistency in twotypes: normal line and thin line lettering as in Appendix K;

45.2 Font of normal line lettering for short and median lettering;

45.3 Font of thin line lettering is used for long lettering;

45.4 Use one font only for the same stroke;

45.5 Size and stroke in Appendix K is for lettering and number height of 20cm If the height oflettering and number is less or more, other dimensions and width of letter line increase ordecrease accordingly;

45.6 Height of lettering of lettered signs is at least 10cm (corresponding with dimension factor1)

CHAPTER IX ROAD MARKINGS Article 46 Significance and usefulness of road/pavement markings

46.1 Road markings (line markings/pavement markings) refer to a kind of traffic signaling tool

to guide and to control traffic, improving safety and smooth traffic;

46.2 Road markings may be used solely or accompany with road signs or traffic lights;

46.3 Road markings includes lines, word messages on the carriageway surface, on curb,transport works and some other components of pavement to stipulate traffic order, clarifyinglimit of transport works, to indicate direction of carriageway

Article 47 Classification of road markings

47.1 Road markings are classified into two types: Horizontal markings (including markings onroadway surface: longitudinal marking, transverse markings and other similar lines) and verticalmarkings;

47.2 Horizontal markings that are used to indicate carriageway are in white color excludingsome markings of yellow color as designated in Appendix G and Appendix H;

47.3 Vertical markings are painted on curb of sidewalk of transport works and some othercomponents of the pavement These markings are alternate black and white stripes.

Article 48 Implications and technical specifications of line markings

Implications and technical specifications for road markings are provided in Appendix G andAppendix H

Article 49 Effect of road markings

When road markings are used independently, every road users must obey to its implications.Once road markings are used in association with traffic lights, road signs, road users must abide

by order stated in Article 3 herein above

CHAPTER X GUARD POSTS, GUARD FENCE AND BARRIER Article 50 Use of road posts or protecting

Guard posts or guard fence should be installed on the roadside on dangerous roads, giving effect

to instruct road users of scope of safe carriageway and direction

Article 51 Shape and dimensions of guard posts

Guard posts have square cross section, 15cm side; height from pavement shoulder to post peak is70cm; on curved sections, we may install guard posts with variable height, increasing step bystep from 40cm at Sc (spiral to circular curve) and St (spiral curve to tangent) to 70cm atbisector On-ground part of post is white painted, section of 10cm at the top is coated withreflective red paint

Article 52 Cases to install guard posts

It is necessary to erect guard posts in the following circumstances:

52.1.1 The outside of curve from Sc to St;

52.1.1 Bridge approaches In case bridge width is narrower than embankment width, guard postsclose to two approaches must link into a barrier or guard fence Spacing between two guardposts in this connection is 3m;

52.1.3 Two ends of culverts where culvert length is less than pavement width Guard posts mustaffiliate into a steady barrier or guard fence, interval between these two posts ranges from 2m to3m;

52.1.4 Narrow embankment sections;

52.1.5 Embankment of 2m or more;

52.1.6 Sections by side of river, stream, pond, lake…;

52.1.7 Roads intersecting at-grade with railway;

52.1.8 Along two sides of frequently or seasonally flooded sections or two sides of tunnel;

52.1.9 Sections going by sand-bank, swamps, grass hill that it is difficult to distinguishcarriageway from bilateral strip of land.

Article 53 Technique for guard post installation

53.1 For roads which have been newly constructed or improved, guard posts are sited close topavement shoulder and at least 0.5m distant from carriageway edges;

53.2 For existing roads and those with narrow roadside, install guard posts as close as possible

to shoulder;

53.3 If rows of trees are available on the roadside or shoulder, guard posts may be located close

to trees as long as posts are visible, never encroach road center to narrow scope of road use;53.4 At places where it is obligatory to install guard post but walled enclosure or concretebarricade of over 0.40m exist, there is no need for guard posts;

53.5 Roadside inside the rows of guard posts must be even and sound, causing no hazard tovehicles coming close to rows of guard posts and no obstacle hiding guard posts;

53.6 For road in service, if embankment and slope fail to ensure principle in item 53.2 herein, it

is permissible, as a temporary option, to erect guard posts encroaching roadside to safe scope.53.7 Guard posts have to be in a straight alignment and bending little by little at curves;

53.7.1 Spacing between two guard posts (S) on straight line is S=10m;

53.7.2 Spacing between two guard posts on curves:

a) If curve has radius R=10m ÷ 30m, spacing is S=3m;

b) If curve radius is R: 30m<R≤100m, spacing is S= 4 ÷ 6m;

c) If curve radius is R>100m, spacing is S= 8 ÷ 10m;

d) Spacing of two guard posts at Sc and St may be 3m wider than that in curves

53.7.3 Spacing between two guard posts on slope (vertical curve)

a) If slope ≥3%, spacing is 5m;

b) If slope <3%, spacing is 10m;

(Non-applicable to bridge approaches and culvert ends)

53.7.4 Each row of guard posts have at least 6 pieces

Article 54 Trees row as substitute for guard posts

On straight road section, if tree rows meet the following conditions, they may be used assubstitute for guard posts:

54.1 Spacing between two trees is around 10m and identical (diameter of 0.15 or more), instraight alignment;

54.2 Row of trees are planted on pavement shoulder or on roadside;

54.3 Tree body is painted with white lime at the height of 1.5m from pavement shoulderdownwards

Article 55 Guard fence

55.1 It is possible to construct guard fence in replacement of guard posts Guard fence asalternative for guard posts must follow regulations from Article 52 and Article 53 as if it wereguard post;

55.2 Guard fence thickness must be at least 0.2 ÷ 0.3m, 0.5 ÷ 0.6m higher than pavementshoulder, length of each fence section is 2m Spacing between two fences in both straight andcurve section is 2m

Article 56 Permanent Barrier

54.1 Permanent barrier is placed wherever the pavement is narrow, at bridge approaches, ends

of culverts or ends of prohibited roads, dead end, no vehicle section;

54.2 Components of barrier (post, rail) shall be painted in accordance with implications andtechnical specifications provided in Article 48 of this Regulation and coated with reflectivepaint;

56.3 In the event barrier is hot dip zinc coated material, painting is not required but delineatormust be attached on the horizontal rail on the top of post

Article 57 Portable barrier

57.1 Portable barrier refers to any kind of portable fencing on demand for closing or opening;57.2 Portable barrier is installed at places where it is essential to control traffic;

57.3 Height of portable barrier is 0.85m, stretching on the whole prohibited areas;

57.4 Components of barrier (post, rail) shall be painted in accordance with implications andtechnical specifications provided in Article 48 of this Regulation and coated with reflectivepaint;

Article 58 Separators/Strips

Separators are utilized to divide road surface into two directions, approaching and descendingdirections for vehicles, or to isolate borders between lanes for motorized and non-motorizedvehicles on the same direction

58.1 There are two types of separators:

58.1.1 Raised median strip;

58.1.2 Removable strip;

58.2 Raised median strip: Masonry stone, masonry brick, concrete or steel poles, with horizontallinking of corrugated steel or curb surrounding, the inside is filled with soil for planting (forwide road) Raise median strip is fixed with height of 0.3m ÷ 0.8m, maximum of 1.27m if there

is demand for light barrier, width depends on width of road to design as appropriate Medianstrip is over-coated with white lime, or alternate diagonal red-white stripes of 30o angle againsthorizontal plane Stripes are 25cm to 30cm wide On ends or sides of strips, people may attachreflective plates at interval of 20m ÷ 25m/1 plate);

Currently in sections prohibiting pedestrians and personal two-wheeled vehicles, steel fence of1.8m ÷2m height may be installed as addition to raised median strip

58.3 Removable strip: to be made of concrete posts (blocks), composite plastic, filled with sand

or water inside, height from 0.3m ÷ 0.8m to be arranged seamlessly or with steel pipe Φ 40 ÷50passing through to create handrail system on the road surface to divide lanes or direction or toseparate lanes for motorized and non-motorized vehicles This type of separator may be removedupon use demand

Article 59 Conditions for raised median and removable strip

59.1 Raised median strip is placed when the roads have 4 lanes or more to divide lanes into twoopposite directions;

59.2 Removable strip is used for roadway of 2 or 3 lanes where it is necessary for temporarilyseparate two directions or two lanes;

CHAPTER XI KILOMETER AND H POSTS Article 60 Use of kilometer posts

Kilometer posts intend to prescribe stations/chainage accommodating needs of road managementand instructions to road users of distances on the way

Article 61 Shape, color and dimensions of kilometer posts

Shape, color and dimensions and lettering on kilometer posts are given in Appendix I

Article 62 Location of kilometer posts by transverse direction

62.1 Kilometer posts are placed to the right side of direction of travel from the starting point(zero point) to the ending point of section Should the landform be disadvantageous, kilometerposts may be sited on the right side

62.2 Location of kilometer posts by crossing direction follows the same regulation as for guardposts stated in Article 53.1 and 53.1 If road passing by populated areas where sidewalk is higherthan carriageway, kilometer posts are on the sidewalk to be 0.75m distant from carriagewayborders (to the post center);

62.3 On roads of 4 vehicular lanes or more with median strip width ranging from 1m to 2m, it ispossible to place kilometer posts by the median strip, kilometer posts bottom is 90cm higher thansurface of carriageway

Article 63 Location of kilometer posts by longitudinal direction

63.1 Kilometer posts by longitudinal direction must be in even interval of 1000m of road center,starting from starting point named as “Km0”;

63.2 Position of starting point, Km0 and local adjustment to alignment of any road are underdecision by competent authorities having power over that system of road

63.3 On newly constructed roads, the Owner steers the Contractor based on project documentsand actual results of survey and measurements to identify stations to put kilometer posts incompliance with this Regulation, taking over the works to the O&M agencies;

63.4 Upon changes to starting point of roads and local adjustment to alignment as decided bycompetent authorities mentioned above in Article 63.2, system of kilometer posts are modifiedaccordingly Road management agencies shall in no case alter by their own choice location ofkilometer posts.

Article 64 Place-names and distance stated on kilometer posts

64.1 Geographical names instructed on kilometer posts obey Appendix K of this Regulation: 64.2 Distance attached to geographical names is the length from kilometer posts to the center ofthe said names, rounded to even number to Km

Article 65 Scope of application of kilometer posts

Kilometer posts are merely applicable to system of national highways, provincial roads, districtroads, and service roads, excluding urban and communal roads

Article 66 H post (100m post)

66.1 H posts are used on national highways, it refers to posts for each 100m, to be drivenbetween two adjacent kilometer posts On each 100m from preceding kilometer post to itssucceeding one, to stake one H post On the length of 1k, there are 9 H posts namely H1, H2 toH9 Technique of staking of H posts are the same as for RoW markers;

66.2 Dimensions, shape and color, refer to Appendix I

CHAPTER XII RIGHT OF WAY MARKERS Article 67 Uses of RoW markers

RoW markers indicate a kind of traffic signal used to determine width limit of land for roadway(including roadway land and road safety corridor) according to Law on Road traffic;

Article 68 Composition of markers

68.1 RoW markers are concrete casted, containing no reinforcement, dimensions are 20x20x100(cm) Head of each markers have chamfered sides of 10o, underground part is 50cm long, withseal concrete inserted to the marker base as designed;

68.2 Front side (facing roads) bears the writing of “MỐC LỘ GIỚI” (ROW MARKERS),graved letter with black lines of 6cm height, 1m width, deep inside concrete for 3 ÷ 5mm;

68.3 Markers are white painted The upper part of 10cm (from the top downward) is redpainted;

68.4 See Appendix I for further details

Article 69 Regulations on RoW marker staking

69.1 For roads passing by populated areas, towns, and villages: one marker on each side atinterval of 100m;

69.2 Roads by fields, low hills, out of populated areas, depending on specific topographicalconditions, interval of markers may vary from 500m to 1000m;

69.3 On high mountainous areas, to drive markers at some positions typically so that it is usefulfor road safety corridor management.

Article 70 Other provisions

70.1 Road authorities are responsible for staking RoW markers and handing over the same tocommunal People’s Committees for management as required For new construction projects, theowner shall direct the Contractor to provide sufficient RoW markers, documentation, afterfinishing the works, as-built documents including documents for RoW markers to clarify roadsafety corridor are delivered to road authorities and communal PCs for management;

70.2 RoW markers on roads must be presented on layout with scale of 1/10,000

CHAPTER XIII SIGNALING OF TRAFFIC PROHIBITION Article 71 Classification of traffic prohibition

There are three kinds of traffic prohibition signaling:

71.1 Prohibition of each type of vehicle;

71.2 Prohibition of each traffic direction;

71.3 Prohibition of traffic for all, for which reasons of prohibition is categorized:

71.3.1 No traffic because of traffic jam;

71.3.2 No traffic due to other special reasons

Article 72 Prohibition of each type of vehicle

72.1 If it is needed to prohibit traffic of one or more certain types of vehicles, place prohibitorysigns specified from B.3 to B.20 at Appendix B (from Sign 103 to Sign 120, excluding Sin 112for pedestrians);

72.2 Place of prohibitory signs is stated in Article 27;

72.3 Guide signs shall associate with prohibitory signs

Article 73 Prohibition of each direction

73.1 If vehicles are banned to go in reverse direction, set up Sign 102 “No entry” according toregulation in B.2, Appendix B, and for permissive direction, place Sign 407 (a) “One-way road”

as in E.7, Appendix E;

73.2 Location of prohibitory signs is stated in Article 27;

73.3 Directional guide sign must be added to prohibitory signs

Article 74 Prohibition of traffic for all

74.1 No traffic due to incidents on road and bridges:

74.1.1 On sections where vehicles and pedestrian are unable to travel owning to incidents, set

up barrier and Sign 101 “No traffic” as given in item B.1, Appendix B

74.1.2 Barrier must be located at position with detour, traffic channelization In association withbarrier and Sign 101, place directional guide signs for vehicles (Sign 416, 417 a, b, c stated inE.16 and E.17, Appendix E);

74.1.3 If on the way from channelization position to traffic jam point, there is no other way thanpermitting traffic, no barrier is placed but:

a) On main road, at 100m before channelization position, to set directional guide signs forvehicles (Sign 416, 417 a, b, c);

b) 30m after directional guide sign, install guide sign “Dead end” (Sign 405c) as given in E.5,Appendix E;

c) On stuck direction, after channelization position, repeat guide sign “Dead end” (Sign 405c) atspacing of 300m to 500m;

d) Reaching traffic jam location where it is impossible for vehicle to go, place barrier and Sign

101 “No traffic” as defined in B.1, Appendix B;

74.1.4 If the road is blocked without direction of channelization, vehicles must wait for a timethen continue travelling, place barrier and Sign 101 “No traffic” as defined in B.1, Appendix B;74.1.5 To select location of barrier for no entry providing that vehicles may u-turn or to be nearresidential areas to make room for vehicles to wait Also, to show bulletin to inform of trafficsituation and date, time when vehicles may keep on going by

74.2 Traffic prohibition for other reasons:

74.2.1 Once for special reasons, it is needful to restrict traffic in long time, place barrier andSign 101 “No traffic” as defined in B.1, Appendix B;

74.2.2 If traffic prohibition is only temporary for a short time, in addition to barrier and sign of

no traffic, arrange staff to be on duty for traffic control during prohibition duration

Article 75 Organization of traffic control station

75.1 In case traffic prohibition is sudden or traffic channelization is difficult due to trafficcomplicated conditions, in addition to signaling system as stated in Article 71 to Article 74,traffic control station should be organized

75.2 Traffic control station must have person on full time duty to control traffic;

75.2 Barrier, signage, lights, flag for traffic control are fully equipped for the station;

75.4 If it is necessary to set up traffic control station owning to damaged roads and bridges, roadauthorities will undertake;

75.5 If traffic control system is established due to construction or repair of roads and bridge orother works affecting traffic, contractors must pay to road authorities to organize station;

75.6 If station is arranged in a short term for other reasons than those stated in Article 75.4 and75.5, upon features of works, it is undertaken by police force or presided over by police inassociation with road authorities;

75.7 Before organizing station as in Article 75.6, police sector must discuss with roadauthorities for being supported

Article 76 Signaling of no traffic in emergency cases

In emergency cases in need of traffic prohibition, but signaling system is not provided on time,the following signals have effect of prohibition: a tree as barricade, a traffic guide standing at theroad center, extending two arms to make order, facing with approaching vehicles Red flag orcloth is hung on barricade Red light is used instead of flag in night time

Article 77 Signaling for partial prohibition of road surface, roadside, sidewalk

77.1 In case a part of roads such as sidewalk, roadside, pedestrian way on bridge, a part or thewhole of lane is damaged or under construction, place barrier around such parts or works so thatpeople and vehicles do not enter dangerous areas;

77.2 Barrier should be firm and stable;

77.3 In the middle of barrier, set up Sign 101 “No traffic” For roadworks under construction,Sign 227 “Roadworks” as supplementary to Sign 101;

Red flag with size 40x40cm is put on barrier for day time; red light for night time;

77.4 Barrier of roadworks on moving construction site may be of portable kind Barrier post inthis connection may only be 0.6m to 1.2m higher than the ground (it may consist of steelsections of alternative red and white stripes, to be wheeled and have plastic or rubber cones…);77.5 When traffic prohibition covers totally one lane of two-lane carriageway, provisionally twoopposite directions use the same lane, and besides signals specified in Article 77.3, we alsoarrange:

77.5.1 Sign 204 “Two-way road” at distance 250m from barrier on long road or 50m on roads inpopulated areas;

77.5.2 Following Sign 204, place a sign giving priority to vehicles going on non-prohibited lane(Sign 406 “Prioritized over narrow roads”) and signs notifying vehicles on prohibited lane togive way to prioritized ones (Sign 132 “Give way to opposite motorized vehicles on narrowroads”)

CHAPTER XIV CONVEX SAFETY MIRROR AND STEEL CORRUGATED GUARDRAIL

Article 78 Uses of convex safety mirror

Convex safety mirror intends to raise better view for drivers in small radius curvature and sightbecomes hidden Thanks to convex mirror, road users may have a view to conflicting vehicles inadvance to adjust his speed as appropriate

Article 79 Location and regulations on convex mirror installation

79.1 Convex mirror is used in curves with small radius, hidden sight, mainly installed onmountainous bends of which radius of horizontal curve fails to satisfy technical standardsaccording to Article 5.3 – Curves on plan of TCVN 4054:2005 – Highway – Designrequirements;