5 Scale sth up verb /ske l/ɪ = to increase the size, amount or importance of sth đẩy mạnh, thúc đẩy, tăng cường 6 Accommodate v /ə k məde t/ˈ ɒ ɪ = to provide sb a place or enough room t
Trang 1Reading text 1: IELTS Cambridge 11 – Test 1
Crop-growing skyscrapers
Trang 3Highlighted vocabulary:
No Words & Word Form Meaning and/or Examples + Collocations
1 Conservative (a)
/kən sə vət v/ˈ ː ɪ
= to be lower/less than the real number or amount
conservative estimate (ước lượng dè chừng)
2 Demography (n)
/d m rəfi/ɪˈ ɒɡ
demographic (a)
/dmə rˈɡf k/ɪ
= the changing number of births, deaths, diseases, etc in a community over a period of time; the scientific study of these changes (nhân khẩu học)
relating to the population and different groups within it
demographic changes/trends/factors
3 Hothouse (n) = a heated building, usually made of glass, used for
growing plants in (nhà kính)
hothouse flowers / hothouse tomatoes
4 (in) vogue
/ vəʊɡ/
= a fashion for sth / a general liking (thời trang, mốt, phổ biến, thịnh hành)
Examples:
• the vogue for child-centred education
• Black is in vogue again
• Sixties music has come back into vogue
• This novel had a great vogue ten years ago
5 Scale sth up (verb)
/ske l/ɪ
= to increase the size, amount or importance of sth (đẩy mạnh, thúc đẩy, tăng cường)
6 Accommodate (v)
/ə k məde t/ˈ ɒ ɪ
= to provide sb a place or enough room to sit or to live
= to serve (phục vụ)
Examples:
• The hotel can accommodate up to 500 guests
• The aircraft is capable of accommodating 28
passengers
7 Cutting-edge (a)
/k t ŋ ed / ʌ ɪ ˈ ʒ
= the most modern / the most advanced / the newest
cutting-edge design/technology
8 Drastic (a) / dræst k/ˈ ɪ
Drastically (adv)
/ dræst klˈ ɪ /
= dramatically = extreme in a way that has a sudden,
serious or violent effect on sth (mạnh mẽ, dữ dội, quyết liệt)
Examples:
• Output has been drastically reduced
• Things have started to go drastically wrong
9 Efficient (a)
/ fɪˈ ɪʃnt /
≠ inefficient (a)
efficiency (n)
= working or operating quickly and effectively in an organized way (có hiệu quả, có ích, có năng lực, có khả năng)
Examples:
• efficient heating equipment
• the efficient use of energy
• We offer a fast, friendly and efficient service
• As we get older, our bodies become less efficient
Trang 4at burning up calories
• fuel-efficient cars (= that do not use much fuel)
10 Implement (v)
/ mpl ment/ˈɪ ɪ
implementation (n)
= to carry out / to make / to do / to start doing sth (tiến hành, thực hiện, thực thi)
• A new work program for young people will be
implemented.
• the implementation of the new system
11 Proponent (n)
/prə pə nənt/ˈ ʊ
= advocate (n) = a person who supports an idea or an
action = supporter (người ủng hộ, tán thành)
12 Take sth for granted
Take sth / sb for granted
= (1) to accept / believe something to be the truth without even thinking about it (cho điều gì là đúng, là hiển nhiên, mặc định gì đó có sẵn)
= (2) If you take situations or people for granted, you do not realize or show that you are grateful for how much you get from them (không biết quý trọng, xem thường)
13 Despoil (v)
/d sp l/ɪˈ ɔɪ
= to make a place less attractive by damaging or destroying
it (phá hủy, tiêu diệt, hủy hoại)
14 Verdant (a) / v dˈ ɜː nt / = ( of grass, plants, fields, etc ) fresh and green (xanh
tươi)
15 Semi-arid (a)
/semi ær d/ ˈ ɪ
= ( of land or climate ) dry; with little rain (khô cằn, khô hạn)
16 The rigours of sth (n)
/ r ə/ˈ ɪɡ
= the difficulties and unpleasant conditions of sth (điều kiện khắc nghiệt, điều kiện khắc khe, hoàn cảnh khó khăn)
• The plants were unable to withstand the rigours of
a harsh winter
• She woke refreshed to face the rigours of a new
day
17 Take a /its / their toll (v) = to have a negative effect on sb or sth (ảnh hưởng không
tốt, ảnh hưởng tiêu cực)
• The deepening recession has also taken its toll in
the south of the country, where unemployment is rife
18 Eliminate (v)
/ l m ne t/ɪˈ ɪ ɪ ɪ
elimination (n)
= to remove or get rid of sth/sb (loại bỏ, loại trừ)
• Credit cards eliminate the need to carry a lot of
cash
19 Infectious (disease) (a)
/ n fek əs/ɪ ˈ ʃ
infectiously (adv)
/ n fek əsli/ɪ ˈ ʃ
= able to pass a disease from one person, animal, or plant
to another (lan truyền, lây truyền, truyền nhiễm)
• An infectious disease/patient
• Flu is highly infectious
Trang 5 infectiousness (n)
/ n fek əsnəs/ɪ ˈ ʃ
20 Aspiration (n)
/æspə re n/ˈ ɪʃ
= a strong desire to have or do sth (nguyện vọng, khát vọng)
• He has never had any aspiration to earn a lot of
money
21 Address (v)
/ə dres/, / ædres/ˈ ˈ
= to deal with, to solve (giải quyết, khắc phục)
• The issue of funding has yet to be addressed
22 Detrimental (a)
/detr mentl/ɪˈ
Detrimental to sb/sth
= damaging = harmful (có hại, gây hại, bất lợi)
• Detrimental effect / impact
• The policy will be detrimental to the peace
process
• These chemicals have a detrimental effect/impact
on the environment
• Their decision could be detrimental to the future of
the company