Policy on environmental forest lease at national parks in northern vietnam case study in ba vi, tam dao and ben en national parks

Research Objectives: Researching on scientific base and the state of policies on forest environment lease for ecotourism business to propose a complete solution for leasing forest envir

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND TRAINING

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY

BUI THI MINH NGUYET

POLICY ON FOREST ENVIRONMENT LEASE IN NATIONAL

PARKS IN THE NORTHERN VIETNAM

CASE STUDY AT BA VI, TAM DAO, BEN EN NATIONAL PARKS

SPECIALTY: AGRICULTURAL ECONOMICS CODE: 62.62.01.15

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION ON ECONOMICS

Scientific Instructor: 1 Assoc.Prof.Dr Vu Dinh Thang

2 Assoc.Prof.Dr Tran Quoc Khanh

Ha Noi - 2014

This work has been completed at:

NATIONAL ECONOMICS UNIVERSITY

Judge 1:

Judge 2:

Jude 3 :

The Dissertation will be defended at University Doctoral Committee held at National Economics University at … hours, on…… 2014

The Dissertaton can be further referred to at : National Library

Library of National Economics University

LIST OF PUBLICATIONS

Articles

1 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), Hire special forest environment to develop

ecotourism in Ba Vi National Park – Situations and Solutions, Journal of

Agriculture and Rural Development, Ha Noi

2 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2012), Solution to sustainable ecotourism development in

Ba Vi National Park, Journal of Forestry Technology and Science, Ha Noi, No

04/2012

3 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet, Vu Dinh Thang (2013), The impact of policies for

leasing forest environment in Ba Vi National park, Journal of Development

Economics, Ha Noi

4 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2013), Solution to ecotourism development in Tam Dao

National Park, Giải pháp phát triển du lịch sinh thái tại Vườn quốc gia Tam ðảo,

Journal of Forestry Technology and Science, No 01/2013

5 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), The Policies of forest environment lease to

ecotourism business in National Parks of Vietnam, The summary record of

workshop by National Economics University

6 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet, Tran Quang Bao (2013), Models of exploiting forest

environmental service for ecotourism service business in Ba Vi National Park,

Ha Noi Journal of Forestry Technology and Science, No 04/2013.

Reports of Projects

1 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2009), Some solutions contribute to promoting linkages

between the State, enterprises, farmers and scientists in the forest business in

midland areas of northern Vietnam, University Project

2 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), Some solutions in order to improve the policies

for leasing forest environment in Ba Vi, Tam Dao Nation Parks, University

Project

3 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2011), Comparative studies in developing large wood in

the mountainous area of the Northern Vietnam, Funded by JICA – Japan

4 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2013), Research on methods of determining the value of

land in agriculutural and forestry enterprises, Funded by Ministry of Science and

Technology

5 Bui Thi Minh Nguyet (2013), Research on management policies of National

Park to ensure sustained growth of Melaleuca in U Minh Thuong and U Minh Ha

National Park, Funded by Ministry of Science and Technology

PREFACE

1 Rationale: Exploiting the benefits from National Park, particularly

the value of forest environment services are interested in and experimented by many National Park in the world Vietnam also allows the National Park to organize proactively in ecotourism business activities to generate investment income for forest protection and development A new development trend in recent time is companies, organizations, individuals wishing to rent forest environment in National Parks for ecotourism business Although the trend has been formed newly, this is a potential development trend and get the consensus of society Besides, the forest environment lease is a method to socialize forest environment services which contribute revenues to be reinvested in forest protection and development by their own capital, reducing investment from the State Though the State has adopted the policy of forest environment lease for ecotourism business in National Parks and this policy has been evaluated successfully in pilot National Parks for leasing but the policy has been implemented slowly One of the main reasons is that the forest environment leasing policy has been incompleted, scattered in a number of different laws, lack of necessary regulations, or some inadequated regulations which cause difficulties for the development process Therefore, the management plans, the legal framework and the policies for leasing forest environment are still an open question which should be the orientation of the management levels and forestry From above issues, the research on the perfect forest environment lease policies

in National Parks is necessary and urgent This is the main reason to choose this

problem as the subject of my dissertation

2 Research Objectives: Researching on scientific base and the state of

policies on forest environment lease for ecotourism business to propose a complete solution for leasing forest environment in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam

3 Research Objects: The dissertation focuses on policy research of

forest environment lease for business purposes in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam

4 Research Scope

- Space: Selected research areas are Ba Vi (Ha Noi), Tam Dao (Vinh

Phuc) and Ben En (Thanh Hoa) National Parks

- Time: Research from 2002 when a pilot scheme of forest environment

lease had been stated in some National Parks of Vietnam

- Research contents:

+ Rationale and practice base of policy for leasing forest environment in

National Park

+ The status of policy and policy implementation for leasing forest

environment in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks, results, restrictions

and causes

+ Solutions for completing forest environment lease policy in National

Parks in Northern region of Vietnam

5 New Scientific Contributions of Dissertation

- In terms of theory: Systematizing theoretical basis for forest

environment lease policy and leasing for ecotourism business purposes in

National Parks Summarizing the international experience for forest

environment lease policy and drawing lessons for Vietnam Synthesizing

policy documents that relate to forest environment lease policy in Vietnam,

analyzing the limitations and shortcomings of forest environment lease policy

in national Parks

- In terms of practice: Assessing the implementation status of forest

environment lease policy in National Parks; Evaluating the positive and

negative sides in implementing forest environment lease policy in National

Park; Evaluating the appropriateness of policies related to leasing forest

environment in National Park; offering lessons learned in implementing

forest environment policy in National Park

- Base on a theoretical and practical basis, proposing solutions in order

to improve the policy and implementation of forest environment lease policy

in National Park, Vietnam

6 Researching methods

6.1 Methods of Collecting Information

* Method of selecting study object: National Parks chosen in the

research locate in various positions in the northern region They have the potential to lease environment and deploy forest environment lease activities in various degrees At each National Park, following information was collected: Information about the basic features of the National Park, the National Park management, ecotourism activity management and management of forest environment leasing Besides, information on the status of implementation of forest environment lease policy in National Park and information about the participation of the parties in the implementation of forest environment lease

policy were also collected

* Methods of collecting information:

- Secondary information: Secondary information was collected through

inheriting methods, research at desk, including: The relevant law documents; Information about summary and assessment of policy and the implementation of forest environment leasing policy; Documents and research results relating to the forest environment leasing policy; Reports from different levels of local government, the forestry management agencies, the research of National Parks

- Primary information: Information was collected through interviewing

directly managers, interviewing people and participants who subject to the renting and leasing activities Consulting ideas from experts through directly interviewing such as interviewing central level managers and scientists Case study: comprehensive study in 3 National Parks, among them conducting in depth study of Ba Vi National Parks The number of interview samples depends on the number of managing staffs and employees of Ba Vi National Park as well as the travel companies, expected number is about 100 people

6.2 Information Processing and Analyzing: Information and data are

aggregated and analyzed for each location and each content of the study

Specifically, the quantitative information (forms, data …) will be processed

and integrated by the excel program The methods of analysis: the method of

economic statistics; the synthesis method, the descriptive method; the

comparative method; the expert method

7 Literature Review

7.1 International Researches

There are only few studies on forest environment lease policy in

National Parks The dissertation reckoned up research projects related to the

following areas: (1) Studies on the value of forests, environmental values of

forests and forest environmental services: The studies confirmed that forests

have many values, these values provide many different benefits, the full

assessment of value of forest and forest environment is the basis for

exploitation and sustainable forest management But people are only

interested in values of logging while the value of forest environmental

services are really interested in lately (2) The studies of exploitation of

ecotourism services: The activities of ecotourism business, entertainment tend

to rise and have increasingly high proportion of the total values of the forest

Leasing forest environment for ecotourism business has been considered as one

of the important issues of forest management currently (3) The studies of forest

environment lease policy for ecotourism business in National Parks: awareness

of forest evironmental value has been getting more attention, which lead to

changes in policy of forest management and forestry State policies related to

forest environment lease are not really suitable for practical requirements,

specific policy Therefore, the implementation of forest environment lease is

small and spontaneous (4) The studies of evaluation of forest service values and

determination of forest environment lease price: quantify this value is relatively

complex, specific assessment methods can be applied depending on types of

goods and environmental services provided by

7.2 Research results in Vietnam

In Vietnam, there are some research projects related to the topic such as:

(1) Forest management system in Vietnam; (2) Forest evaluation determination; (3) Forest rent

These researches point out several related problems, a certain aspect of the policy as well as certain experiences Because of the demands for the integration process and economic development, the innovation, perfect theoretical and practical policy for forest environment lease policy is an inevitable trend in Vietnam today

8 Dissertation structure

Besides Preface, Conclution, List of references and appendices, the dissertation structure includes 3 chapters:

Chapter 1: Rationale and practice base of policy for leasing forest environment in National Park

Chapter 2: The state and implement of policy for leasing forest environment in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks

Chapter 3: Complete solutions for forest environment lease policy in in National Parks in Northern region of Vietnam

Chapter 1 RATIONALE AND PRACTICAL BASIS OF FOREST ENVIRONMENT LEASE POLICY IN NATIONAL PARKS 1.1 Forest environment rent in National parks

1.1.1 The concept and role of forest for society

1.1.1.1 The definition of forest: The forest is an ecosystem including

forest, wild animals, forest micro-organism flora, forest land and other environmental factors

1.1.1.2 The forest for society: Forest has 3 main roles including: (1)

Providing forest products and non-timber forest products; (2) Protection role,

protect ecological environment and provide forest environment services; (3)

Role of society

1.1.2 National Parks and their features in Vietnam

1.1.2.1 National Park: National Park is a part of special purpose forest, its

functions are nature, natural landscape and biodiversity conservation

1.1.2.2 Features of National Park:(1) National Park is a part of special

purpose forest; (2) in undevelopment areas; (3) The majority of the National

Park has a dual role (conservation combining entertainment, tourism

1.1.2.3 National Park system in Vietnam: total of 128 forest purpose

forests, including 30 National Parks, 48 nature reserves, 12 protected species

areas, 38 protected landscape areas

1.1.3 Forest environment and forest environment rent in National Parks

1.1.3.1 The concept of forest environment and forest environment

services

* The concept of forest environment: “Forest environment includes

components of forest ecosystem: plants, animals, microorganisms, water, soil,

air, natural landscape”(Decree No 99/2010/Nð-CP)

* The concept of forest environment services: “Forest environment

services is to provide the use value of forest environment to meet the needs of

society and people’s lives” (Decree No 99/2010/Nð-CP)

1.1.3.2 The concept of forest and forest environment rent: “As a form

of forest land use and forest of National Park, natural conservation area for

organizations” (Decree No 104/2007/Qð-BNN)

1.2 Forest environment lease policy in National Park

1.2.1 The concept of forest environment lease policy: Forest environment

lease policy is a set of policies, views, solutions, tools for impact on

operations of forest environment lease in National Park to achieve

proposedcriteria on the basis of ensuring the exploitation of forest

environment service value for ecotourism business

1.2.2 The basic elements forming policy for leasing forest environment:

Determination of policy objectives, the text of the policy, certain rules for the implementation of the policy documents

1.2.3 Organization system of forest environment lease policy in National Park:

Government, Ministry of Agriculture and relevant Ministries, people’Committee of province, National Park

1.2.4 The nature of forest environment lease policy in National Park: As a

specific policy in forestry policy system, directly related to a specific object which is National Parks, but it is related to many other policies Putting on real – life content of laws, state policies for forestry, forest socialization; Mobilizing the resources of society for forest protection and development, particularly attracting components of non-state organizations; Ensuring employees, who are directly involved in the production, can be paid for the creating value by themselves and inccordance with the true value of the forest; Improving capacity and effectiveness of management, forestuse and protection for forest owners; Exploiting the resources of forestry, forest environment (own resources) to develop new carriers in the economy (ecotourism)

1.3 Experience in developing and implementing forest environment lease policy in the world and Vietnam

1.3.1 Practical experience lessons in the world: Managing and developing

consistent policy with National Park, combining state and private sectors in forest and land management, exploiting forest environment values in National Park, sustainable development of ecotourism in National Park, experience of valuable determination of forest environment services, development and completion of forest environment lease policy in National Park

1.3.2 Practical experience lessons in Vietnam in perfecting forest environment lease policy in National Park: The National Parks of Vietnam

have abundant natural resources, beautiful scenery, diversity of fauna and flora, combining with human ecotorism resources Therefore,potential of

ecotourism development is very great At present, most of National Parks are

having ecotourism business which is the first step to create the economic and

social benefit However, ecotourism in National Park ’have not been

commensurated with the available potential while the nature of tourism

development is spontaneous With that existing problem, the policy of the

state is to attract the various components of exploitation of forest environment

service to enhance the forest value, looking for revenue sources for

conservation, reduce the burden on the State However, implementation is

very difficult and having many problems Many National Parks stop at

programs and schemes because the activities are very new and in fact there is

not much appreciated attention to have practical experiences

1.3.3 Learned lessons in pefecting policy of forest environment lease: Through

experience research in management of National Park, ecotourism activities,

forest environment lease in Vietnam and the world, the dissertation drawn 14

research issues

Chapter 2 STATUS OF POLICY AND POLICY IMPLEMENTATION OF

FOREST ENVIRONMENT LEASE IN BA VI, TAM DAO, BEN EN

NATIONAL PARKS 2.1 Overview of National park in the Northern Vietnam

National Park in the northern region accounts for 50% of

Vietnam’National Parks, diverse ecosystems, beautiful natural scenery, and

rich human resources which having specific features of each regions

2.2 Characteristics of Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Park which

affecting policy implementation for forest environment rent and lease

2.2.1 History of research National Parks

Ba Vi National Park was established on January 16th 1991, under the

Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development (MARD) Tam Dao National

Park was established on January 24th 1977, under MARD on June 15th 1996

Ben En National Park was established on August 9th 1986, under MARD, this National Park was transferred to people’committee of Thanh Hoa province

2.2.2 Status of land and tourism resources in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En

ecosystem diversity, many beautiful natural sceneries, rich human travel resources However, to exploit them to meet the development of tourism, it need to invest funds to build, develop and embellish these resources

2.2.3 Evaluation of own potential exploitation for ecotourism development

potential for ecotourism development through exploitation of the natural elements, biological diversity, natural lanscape and human tourism resources However, the exploitation of this potential depends on many factors such as geographical location, the attractiveness of natural resources, diversification of tourism products, local policies, the seasonality of tourism, linkage in tourism organizations

2.2.4 The basic activities in research National Parks: Main activities are

Management of forest protection, development, exploitation and management activities In reality, the National Parks focus primarily on operations of forest protection and development, management activities of one career units while other activities are not interested to develop, especially exploiting forest environment services to raise revenue for the National Parks

2.3 The policy of forest environment lease in research National Parks

2.3.1 Background of the forest environment lease policy in National Parks:

Forest environment for rent in National Parks is one of the new points of the policy to encourage investment and development of special purpose forest This policy is being completed by the Ministry of Planning and Investment and MARD to exploit the forest environment services to raise revenue for forest workers, increase re-investment, reduce the investment of the State and improve implementation of social mobilization in forest protection and development

2.3.2 The policy, the view of the Party and the State for forest environment

lease in National Park: Forest environment lease in National Parks began in

2002 through the scheme “pilot of using special purpose forest environment

for ecotourism development and vocational education” which is assigned to

MARD to implement by the Prime Minister The view of the Party and the

State “to encourage the development of activities for forest environmental

services, ecotourism business in National Park suitably provisions of the law

to create revenue for National Park, replacing investment of State budget”

2.3.3 The goals of forest environment lease policy for ecotourism business in

National Park: Socializing forest environmental services in National Parks

helps to reduce the burden of the State; to ensure that the workers are paid

the forest value by their creation and people who are responsible for forest

management can increase income; increasing the efficiency of the forest

sector through the receipt of management skills and the investment from the

private sectors; the development of ecotourism business based on the

foundation of assets under public ownership, the equity capital of the

National Park; increasing income for local people

2.3.4 The system of legal documents relating to forest environment lease for

devlopment dated on February 3rd 2004 by National Assembly; Decision No

18/2007/Qð-TTg dated on February 5th 2007 by Prime Minister; Decision No

57/2012/Qð-TTg dated on January 9th 2012 by Prime Minister; Decree No

23/2006/Nð-CP dated on March 3rd 2006 by Government; Decree No

117/2010/Nð-CP dated on December 24th 2010 by Government; Decision No

186/2006/Qð-TTg dated on August 14th 2006 by Prime Minister; Decision No

104/2007/Qð- BNN dated on December 27th 2007 by MARD; Decision No

24/2012/Qð-TTg dated on June 1st 2012 by Prime Minister The legislative

documents proposed the following contents: Regulations on management and

use of special purpose forest, regulations on hiring special purpose forest

environment, Mechanism of investment for National Park, Provision of organization for ecotourism activities in National Park, the degree of impact on forest environment in National Park, determining the rate of forest land area in National Park to build infrastructure, objects of hiring and lease for forest environment, the term of forest environment lease, price of forest environment rent, regulations of revenue use from ecotourism activities, regulations of project development for forest environment lease, regulations of sequences, procedures, authority for forest environment lease in National Park, regulations of check and supervision

2.4 The status of the implementation of forest environment lease policy

in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks

2.4.1 The propaganda activities of plan development for forest environment

in research National Parks:

The propagation and dissemination of policy, plan development and plans for hiring remains slow When implementing plan, it need to develop full contents

of the plan as a business plan

2.4.2 Identifying and selecting organizations for forest environment lease in

objects Important criteria are capcity (financial, experience) ofensuring principles for operating lease (forest protection and development, conservation

of natural resources and human resources, attracting community, local contributions, )

2.4.3 Determining rent price and terms of contract for forest environment lease

in research National Parks

a) Determination of rent price for forest environment: Ba Vi National

Park has established a Board of building plan to calculate rent price of forest environment based on Decree No 48/2007/ND-CP on March 28th 2007 of Government, in 2008 price is determined at 409.408 dong Ben En National Park has been using the comparative method to determine the rent price of forest

environment The unit that is chosen to compare is the Ba Vi National Park and

the rent price is determined to be 606.247 VND/ha/year The dissertation has

taken a number of exiting method for determining rent price of forest

environment

b) The order and procedures of implementing forest environment lease

policy in research National Parks: Ba Vi National Park is the first unit

assigned to pilot lease policy for forest environment Ba Vi National Park has

done a lot of work with many different procedures The procedure is

performed to ensure compliance with legislation and ensure strict legal Ben

En National Park has implemented more simple procedures than Ba Vi

National Park but basically still ensured necessary order and procedure

c) The provisions in implementing forest environment lease policy in

research National Parks: Ba Vi National Park has made provisions in detail

in implementing forest environment lease policy, including: area for leasing,

regulation on building of lease schemes, area measurement, inventory and

assessment of the status of forest and land; records of land use planning in the

lease area, the construction of buildings, ecotourism business organization,

monitoring, The povisions in implementing forest environment lease policy in

Ben En National Park base on experience of Ba Vi National Park Therefore, they are

more adequate, especially regulations of ecotourism organization, local attraction,

compliance of the national and local povisions, cultural value protection of local

However, these povisions need to be more detailed and include specific criteria to

ensure favorable conditions for the inspection and supervison The contents of

ecotourism organization need to be detail, such as: implementation activities,

organization, capacity,environmental impact assessment, using local labor and

contributing to local,

d) The terms of forest environment lease: Area, term, location, levels of

impact, price and method of payment for lease, settlement of the relevant

assets, rights and obligations of each party

e) Result of signing a contract between the National Park and units of forest environment lease: Ba Vi National Park has selected 6 units those are

eligible for forest environment lease and determined the boundary of these units However, so far the Park has signed with only two organizations One reason for the delay in signing the contract between the National Park and the travel companies is that the conditions in the contract with the travel companies are not close while there is no coordination between the National Park and local Goverment, not accurately assess the financial strength of the companies receiving rent Two travel companies have sighned contracts comply with contractual commitments as acreage, protection and conservation of natural

resources, construction area of infrastructure

2.4.4 The inspection and supervision of the implementation of forest

inspection include: the implementation of the park of planned contents, digital content of protection, afforestation and construction of infrastructure The unit that are assigned to perform inspection is park rangers They must have

an annual report on the forest environment lease activities in the area, while arisen problem must be reported immediately to the leaders of park to solve

2.4.5 The result of the implementation of forest environment leaw policy for ecotourism business in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Parks

2.4.5.1 Ba Vi National Park a) The number of units of forest enviornment lease in Ba Vi National Park:

National Park has allowed six units for pilot leasing forest environment on the area that used to be assigned to protect forest previously Among six companies, two companies have implemented business activities well, while other companies are in the phase of investing in infrastructure so they have not got adequate facilities to conduct business activities

b) The area and location of forest environment lease in Ba Vi National Park:

Total area of ecotourism zone that receives forest environment rent in Ba Vi

National Park is 743.4 ha, including natural resources, planted forest, land without

forest in ecological restoration zones

c) Revenue from ecotourism activities in Ba Vi National Park: Income

from forest environment lease in Ba Vi National Park tends to increase but with

small proportion In contrast, revenue from ecotourism activities of leasing

organization has increased which shows professionalism and the effect of

investment of travel companies on contributing to make revenue of the

companies for forest environment lease

Unit: Million dong

Figure 2.1 Income from forest

environmental lease at BaVi National Park

Sourses: Ba Vi National Park [46]

Figure 2.2 Income from Ecotourism at Ba

Vi National Park of tourism companies

Sourses: Ba Vi National Park [45]

Revenue structure of the tourism companies are various, mainly from

landscape ticket fees and accommodation services The structure of income is

different between the units of environment rent relating to the situation of

investment and objectives of the business

Unit: %

Figure 2.3 Revenue structure of Thien Son-Suoi Nga and Thac Da Ecotourism Companies

Sources: Ba Vi District [45]

d) Results of forest protection and development of forest environment rent units in Ba Vi National Parks: Forest development is interested in by rental units

Empty land area was planted supplementally by rental units from their own fund After 8 years (from 2003 to 2011), the total forest area in the region has increased

by 40,2% A large part of empty land area has been replanted (207ha) and the remaining of 16ha has been used to build the infrastructure (accounting for 2,18%) Leased forest environment units have private security forces in conjunction with Park rangers so forest protection is done very well The total cost of the annual forest protection of forest environment rent units is 690 million dong used to maintain full-time team of forest management and fire preventation

e) Result of tourist attraction in Ba Vi National Park: The number of visitors to the park increased tremendously after implementing forest

environment lease policy Implementation of tourism companies is more professional,especially companies have the financial resources to invest in technical infrastructure, creating beautiful man-made lanscape, investing forest regeneration so the number of visitors tend to increase over years

Unit: Visitors

Figure 2.4 Number of visitors at Ba

Vi National Park

Figure 2.5 Number of visitors at Ecotourism Companies

Sources: Ba Vi National Park [46]

The number of visitors to the tourist areas have significant differencies (Figure 2.4) Attracting visitors to the resort depends on many factors, including rental location, financial capability and experience of business owners is crucial

f) The result of jobs and income generation for local people in Ba Vi

National Park: Forest environment lease policy has created job for 1576

local people with stable earnings, including 490 employees in the regular

payroll of the ecotourism area, 305 employees with infrequent work contract

Besides, creating thousands of indirect employment opportunities for local

people as sales, travel guides, catering services, which helping people

increase their income, diverse revenue from contribute to the reduction of

forest

g) The actual use of funds for forest environment lease in Ba Vi

National Park: The total collected money from forest environment lease

activities from 2008 to 2011 is 1.5582 million dong Although thefunding

from activities of forest environment lease is not much it does help the park

have more funds to cover conservation and maintenace of park operations

h) Status of coordination between stakeholders in the implementation

process of forest environment lease policy in Ba Vi National Park: Ba Vi

National Park has participated in managing and guiding of ecotourism

activities of forest environment rent units; People’Committee of Ba Vi district,

communes have ecotourism sites to perform the management function of the

State of economic, social, technical activities that affect forest; Households

and individuals in the area are involved in service activities at the resort

However, to ensure the success of the policy, it requires closer collaboration

through a co-management mechanism to enhance the accountability of the

parties related to issues of forest resources management and use at the Park

2.4.5.2 Ben En National Park: Ben En National Park has made a plan

to lease forest environment and ecotourism area and has implemented specific

activities to ensure the policy such as lease area planning, determination of

rent price, looking for travel business units, determination of conditions for

environment lease However, the position of Ben En National Park is less

favorable than Ba Vi National Park In the area there are not many enterprises

in ecotourism business activities, so looking for rental and investable units in the park is difficult

2.4.5.3 Tam Dao National Park: Tam Dao National Park has many

advantages in terms of location and tourist potential, but at present forest environment lease policy is still a part of the plan, although MARD agreed in the policy, due to the ojective and subjective reasons

Now, only Ba Vi National Park has already been implementing policy

of forest environment lease, the policy implemented over a long period, sufficient basis to assess performance results and draw policy the lessons learned to improve policy

3.5 Assess the impact of forest environment lease policy in Ba Vi, Tam Dao, Ben En National Park

3.5.1 The positive impacts: The result of implementation of forest environment

lease policy in Nation Park shows that the policy have had positive impacts on all aspects of economic, society and environment such as: Reducing the investment of the State, contributing to forest development and protection owned

by the State, helping to develop local livelihoods, impacting human resources in the region, contributing to job creation and income generation for local people, changing structure of revenue in National Parks

3.5.2 The negative impacts of forest environment lease policy and causes

3.5.2.1 The negative impacts: Awareness of the forest environment lease

policy is incomplete in the Board of National Park Management The policy has not provided enough motivation to achieve its objectives The regulations going along with the policy are not enough and may not have created positive impacts

on forest land and resources while they still fail to promote the role of stakeholders in the policy implementation The process of policy implementation meet difficulties because preparation part has not been done well, leading tonecessary conditions to implement have not been ensured while rent price and use of funds is not reasonable