Training program for occupational safety behavior in workplace of production company in hanoi basis for accident prevention and reduction

Training program for occupational safety behavior in workplace of production company in Hanoi: Basis for Accident prevention and Reduction.. In general, the study was aimed to determine

Training program for occupational safety behavior in workplace of production company in Hanoi: Basis for Accident prevention and Reduction

(Summary)

A RESEARCH PROPOSAL PRESENTED TO THE FACULTY OF GRADUATE

SCHOOL SOUTHERN LUZON STATE UNIVERSITY LUCBAN, QUEZON, PHILIPPINES

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY S.R VIETNAM

IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE

DOCTOR IN BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION

Advisor : Prof Placino Milo Student name : Pham Thi Ninh

August, 2013

Chapter 1

INTRODUTION

1.1 Background:

Safety behavior presents a paradox to practitioners and researchers alike because contrary to the assumption that self- preservation overrides other motives (Maslow, 1970), careless behavior prevails during many routine jobs, making safe behavior an ongoing managerial challenge Studies in Industrial countries showed that about 90%

of accidents occur because of unsafe behavior and human errors and only 10% of those belong to unsuitable workplace and equipment (FGhofranipour, Iranian J Publ Health, Vol 38, No 2,2009,pp125) Even if workers do not have the right knowledge, attitude and behavior toward safety measures in a safe workplace, all efforts for an accident-free workplace will be in vain Clearly, therefore, safe behavior in routine work poses managerial challenges

In case of Vietnam, occupational accident is a very important issue in industries, especially in recent years the number of occupational accidents occurring more and more as Industry is growing

Statistics show that in 2010, there were 5125 cases of occupational accidents The year of 2011 there were 5896 cases of occupational accidents, up 15.04% compared to

2010 (Report of labour accident in 2011 Number: 303 / TB-MOLISA)

And flow this report the causes of labor accidents is behavior of worker (80%) Also, according to the report of the MOLISA (Ministry of labor, invalid and social affair), the material damage caused by occupational accidents occurring in the first 6 months of 2011 (expenses relating to medicine, funeral, compensations for families of deaths and injury, .) was 143.331.800.000 vnd (2.62 times increase over the same

period in 2010), damage to property was 17.609.900.000 vnd (7.89 times increase over the same period in 2010)

Thus more then 80% of accidents occur which are attributable to human factors That

is the attitude, knowledge, behavior of workers for safe work

With the purpose of this study, the author considers to have the research on one typical local big company on the field of production and erection in Hanoi area The result of the study and recommendations could apply to others on the same field and area

The company selected was LILAMA 69-2 who with more than 50 years of constant development, is known as one of the experienced for vessels, pipe manufacturer and erection contractor in Vietnam

Follows report of LILAMA 692, in 2010, 2011,2012, 3 serious accidents were happened lead to die and many accidents or incidents not formally recorded Thoroughly analyzed two years incident and investigation data and identified that most of the workplace incidents are triggered by unsafe behaviors, persistence of inherited traditional beliefs and overconfidence of workers

It is obviously that the safety management system in the company is top down with very “state owned training style” The behavior based safety is something not yet familiar within the companies

1.2 Problem statement

In general, the study was aimed to determine the effectiveness of the safety program and recommend safety training program on the safety behavior of workers and the reduction or prevention of accident in a production company in Hanoi, Vietnam.)

Specifically it seeks to answer the following questions:

1 What is the profile of workers in LILAMA 69-2 company

2 What isthe frequency and types/classification of work related accidents in

LILAMA 69-2 company?

3 What is the leading causes of work relatedaccident in LILAMA company?

4 What isattitude of workers among safetyand the safety climate in LILAMA 69-2?

5 What is the behavior ofthe management of LILAMA 69-2 towards safety program

in the company?

6 What safety program is appropriate to improve the safety behavior of workers and safety climate in LILAMA 69-2?

Chapter 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

Theoretical and conceptual framework

Conceptual framework:

Safety Behavior of employ

Safety in workplac

Perception of respond

Perception of

respondents on

commitment of

management about

safety

Respondents Profile:

Department

Worker

Position

Safety behavior and

attitude of workers

Recommendation safety training program on the safety behavior of worker and the prevention and reduction

ANALYSIS AND EVALUATION

Chapter 3

RESEARCH DESIGN

3.1 Research design and location of the study:

In my research, I use descriptive with the use of survey The questionnaire designed keeping in view easy of response from employees of production companies to gauge their understanding about Safety

In this research, I chose a company which is typical big local company Who faced with some incident happened in years recently By using a questionnaire sent to the company's employees, which assess the current status of the company safety climate, and also from this set of questions for managers to express their views then to evaluate the company's commitment to QHSE problems in their company’s workplace

The Behavioral Safety Questionnaire comprise of 36 questions distributed amongst the areas: Safety Attitude within the company, Personal Attitude to Safety, Working conditions at workplace, Supervisor Attitude to worker safety, Job Loyalty shown by the employee, Serious Attitude to Safety, Training needed, Management attitude

3.2 Data collection Procedure and data analysis method:

To collect data, the researcher will use a researcher- made questionnaire and selected interview The next step is to convert the qualitative answers to quantitative data so that further statistical analysis, short listing of group of employees for psychological therapies will be target

First, the 32 questions of the Behavior Safety Questionnaire are categorized in eight disciplines above After categorization, all available answers to the 32 question will

be rate from 1 to 4 keeping in view the criticality and nature of that aspect as safety

culture In this way, all 32 questions are numbered and employees’ scores are calculated as a whole, as well as for each of the eight disciplines Benchmark was obtained by giving numbers to highest scores for desire answer to that particular question for each of the eight disciplines In this way the highest number is allotted

to the desire safety behavior In a similar manner, numbers are allotted to other seven disciplines based on their importance in our workplace culture Therefore, final benchmark of ‘>76’, ‘>60,<76’ ‘>50,<61’, “<50’ are fixed for most desirable safety behavior at workplace

Encoding of data: data will be cleaned (hand with outline and missing value) before entering into computer using Excel - Data analysis and evaluation by using Excel program

3.4 Questionnaire design

Questioner is designed from several closed type questions with either single or multiple choices The model behind the Cornell Selectee Index, a questionnaire designed to indicate the presence of emotional maladjustment which can be answered

by a ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ was used as the basis F.L Marcuse, “Areas of Psychology”, The State College of Washington, Harper & Brothers Publishers, New York, (1983)

Chapter 4

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

By use software, the researcher calculated average mark of safety behavior

S.No Area

Average total Benchmark %

1 Safety Attitude within Department (D) 2.99 6.00 49.8%

2 Working condition (WC) 5.87 8.00 73.3%

3 Personal Attitude Toward Safety (PATS) 12.47 24.00 52.0%

4 Serious Attitude towards safety (SATS) 12.62 22.00 57.3%

5

Supervisor Attitude Toward worker Safety

8 HSE Department Behavior (HSE) 3.81 8.00 47.7%

Total

mean Benchmark

Analysis problem base on the total marks of eight areas, Mean, SD and P-value

in Table

Chapter V

SUMMARY OF FINDING, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATION 5.1 Findings:

From data analysis in Chapter 4 We come to below signification findings:

• LILAMA 69-2 is big company and solid experience on its field of expertise Workforce is educated and experience Company management is willing to change to cope with new condition of development

• Despite some effort on safety management such as regulatory training or effort to meet the authority requirement for safety, company still face with high rate of fatality accident and loss time accidents in past few years Still some accident not yet formally reported (typical for conservative local company)

• From company statistic and from the data analysis findings on research survey

We can see that un-relevant workplace safety behavior and perception could

be the main reason leading to incident in LILAMA The Root cause could be un-relevant safety management system and safety approach within the organization to promote behavior based safety (The behavior based safety approach not yet exist in LILAMA 69-2)

• Data analysis on 4.2.4 showed that the safety attitude of the workforce within LILAMA 69-2 is on low side The safety climate may be not good as many people have no sense and interest on safety at workplace

• The perception of managers and supervisors are different with the workers as the communication or safety management process is not effective Management might not correctly evaluate the safety status within the company, therefore the efforts to improve the company's safety did not bring

expected result Beside that the QHSE methodology and staff in-charge may

be not friendly enough to encourage good safety climate

• All of the above findings shows that it is necessary to apply new safety program within the company With un-relevant attitude to safety of workers, with not so good safety climate, with not appropriate safety communication and big gap on safety status perception between managers and workers, the improvement on safety behavior in workplace may be the solution to bring up safety level in the company In other hand with educated workforce and willingness of management to change, Behavior Based Safety program may be relevant to improve both safety behavior in workplace and communication between managers and workers

5.2 Recommendations:

From data analysis and findings in Chapter IV, We found that LILAMA 69-2 even with good designed facilities and available safety management system and competent workforce, is facing numbers of accidents and incidents – safety issues These safety issues mostly related to safety behaviors of workforce and commitment of

management:

Knowledge of workplace safety of workers is limited Unsafe attitudes and behaviors are common Safety Climate in workplace is not so good The sense of safety first does not yet exist or still something people could not see Even many managers said that they care about safety, but it seems that the commitment of management and methodology on safety management are not so effective It is obviously that the company needs considerable effort to improve safety in workplace This changing process may be effective only by employ new safety management methodology with good reference in the world In this context, the researcher would recommend

LILAMA to deploy the methodology of Behavioral Based Safety (BBS) on safety

management in workplace as it was successfully and effectively implemented in developed countries in past 15 years, but still very new for Vietnam

Why?

As stated in Chapter II, BBS is a methodology to use scientific psychology to

understand why people behave to their way they do when it come to safety Typically

it creates an attitude and awareness that will reduce the chance of injury BBS introduces systematic, ongoing approach or process that clearly defines how people can reduce the risk of injury to people in your work team BBS helps to bring about the result of a proactive and positive safety culture where risk awareness and accident prevention are core values Besides ensuring safe behaviors, BBS can also bring the reinforcement to people’s values with regard to finding low risk alternatives to unsafe attitudes, beliefs and actions So implementation of BBS in the company will bring:

- Creating new safety climate and culture in the company with mutual agreeable decision making and interactions (from top and from bottom)

- Bring up safety behavior and attitude to the workforce by systematically monitoring and discussing workplace safety behaviors

- Bring up management commitment to higher level Mutual trust between management and workforce

And then introduction and implementation of BBS program therefore is the basic of accident prevention and reduction

5.2 BBS training program development for LILAMA 69-2:

Although difficult to control, 80% to 95% of all accidents are triggered by unsafe behaviors Consequently, it makes good commercial sense to target unsafe behaviors

if the associated human and financial costs are to be reduced Very often, however, these behaviors interact with other negative features (termed `resident pathogens’) inherent in workflow processes or present in the working environment In the same way as pathogens (e.g cancer-causing cells) are present in the human body, every organization has its fair share of accident-causing pathogens

Typically, companies use accident rates as the primary outcome measure of safety performance simply because they signal that something is wrong within the company’s safety management system Because of the way they are calculated, companies also use them as a benchmark to compare the effectiveness of their safety management systems against others in the same or other industries

Research results showed that the un-safe working behavior and un-safe attitude of employees (even managers) is on warning range It is appeared that the company management should consider to establish the working program to improve behavioral safety in working place

Training program objectives

This BBS training program objectives are:

• To familiar managers and professionals on general aspects of BBS and how they can facilitate the roll out of BBS program

• Help managers/ supervisors to develop strategic leadership to lead BBS to get improvements in safety levels, and indirectly increase productivity, quality and work satisfaction in the company