Exercise 127. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.1. Hockey players wear lots of protective clothing__________ they don’t get hurt.A. because of B. after C. in order that D. though2. She took a computer course__________ she could get a better job.A. so that B. as if C. if D. though3. He ran __________ fast__________ I couldn’t catch him.A. suchthat B. verythat C. tooto D. sothat4. She is learning English because she wants to get a better job.A. She is learning English so that she gets a better job.B. She is learning English so as she gets a better job.C. She is learning English in order she can get a better job.D. She is learning English so that she will be able to get a better job.5. He got a new alarm clock__________ hed get up on time.A. althoughB. so thatC. sinceD. so6. A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself__________ its enemies cannot find it.A. so thatB. soC. thereforeD. due to7. The gate was shut__________ the cows wont get out of the cage.A. so as toB. in order toC. so as notD. so that8. The car was easy to recognize, __________ it wasn’t difficult for the police to catch the thieves.A. becauseB. thatC. soD. but9. He works hard__________ help his family.A. so as thatB. in order to C. in order thatD. A and B are correct10. We moved to the front row__________ we could hear and see better.A. soB. so thatC. suchD. such that11. It was too dark to go on, __________ we found somewhere to stay.A. soB. butC. howeverD. because12. Her mother was sick. __________, Jane had to stay at home to look after her.A. butB. HoweverC. soD. Therefore13. You should keep the milk in the refrigerator, __________ it doesnt go bad.A. since B. so that C. because D. after 14. He spoke slowly __________ she would understand.A. while B. after C. so that D. because15. He left home early__________ he could arrive at the station on time.A. because ofB. in order toC. althoughD. so that16. Our teacher speaks slowly__________ we may understand him.A. becauseB. in order toC. so thatD. or17. The play was very boring__________ they walked out. A. althoughB. so thatC. sinceD. so18. He left home early _________ he could arrive at the station on time.A. because of B. in order to C. although D. so that19. He works hard_________ help his family.A. so as that B. in order to C. in order that D. A and B are correct20. She turned down the radio so that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors.A. She turned down the radio so as not to disturb the neighbors.B. She turned down the radio in order not to disturb the neighbors.C. She turned down the radio in order that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors.D. All are correct.Exercise 128. Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete the preceding sentence.1. Jackson was going to study all night, ________ he declined our invitation to dinner.A. soB. so that C. in order to D. A C2. They put video cameras in shops _______ stop people stealing things.A. not to B. so as not to C. in order to D. so that3. The highway was under construction, _______ we had to take a different route to work.A. so thatB. soC. in order to D. A C4. He gave me his address. He wanted me to visit him.A. He gave me his address so as to visit him.B. He gave me his address for me in order to visit him.C. He gave me his address in order for me to visit him.
Trang 1Exercise 1 27 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete thepreceding sentence.
1 Hockey players wear lots of protective clothing they don’t get hurt.
A because of B after C in order that D though
2 She took a computer course she could get a better job.
3 He ran fast I couldn’t catch him.
A such/that B very/that C too/to D so/that
4 She is learning English because she wants to get a better job.
A She is learning English so that she gets a better job.
B She is learning English so as she gets a better job.
C She is learning English in order she can get a better job.
D She is learning English so that she will be able to get a better job.
5 He got a new alarm clock he'd get up on time.
6 A small fish needs camouflage to hide itself its enemies cannot find it.
A so that B so C therefore D due to
7 The gate was shut the cows won't get out of the cage.
A so as to B in order to C so as not D so that
8 The car was easy to recognize, it wasn’t difficult for the police to catch the
thieves.
9 He works hard help his family.
A so as that B in order to C in order that D A and B are correct
10 We moved to the front row we could hear and see better.
11 It was too dark to go on, we found somewhere to stay.
12 Her mother was sick , Jane had to stay at home to look after her.
13 You should keep the milk in the refrigerator, it doesn't go bad.
A since B so that C because D after
14 He spoke slowly she would understand.
15 He left home early he could arrive at the station on time.
A because of B in order to C although D so that
16 Our teacher speaks slowly we may understand him.
A because B in order to C so that D or
17 The play was very boring they walked out.
Trang 2A although B so that C since D so
18 He left home early _ he could arrive at the station on time
A because of B in order to C although D so that
19 He works hard _ help his family
A so as that B in order to C in order that D A and B are correct
20 She turned down the radio so that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors
A She turned down the radio so as not to disturb the neighbors
B She turned down the radio in order not to disturb the neighbors
C She turned down the radio in order that she wouldn’t disturb the neighbors
D All are correct
Exercise 1 28 Choose one word or phrase marked A, B, C, or D that best complete thepreceding sentence.
1 Jackson was going to study all night, he declined our invitation to dinner
A so B so that C in order to D A & C
2 They put video cameras in shops _ stop people stealing things
A not to B so as not to C in order to D so that
3 The highway was under construction, _ we had to take a different route to work
A so that B so C in order to D A & C
4 He gave me his address He wanted me to visit him
A He gave me his address so as to visit him
B He gave me his address for me in order to visit him
C He gave me his address in order for me to visit him
D He gave me his address in order to for me visit him
5 He studies hard He doesn’t want to fail in the exam He studies hard _fail inthe exam
A not to B so as not to C in order to D so that
6 Mary jogs everyday lose weight
A so she can B so that she can C because she can D so that to
7 You should look up the meaning of the new in the dictionary _ misuse it
A so as to B to C so as not to D so that
8 He lighted the candle he might read the note
A so that B and C because D as a result
9 He turned off the lights before going out _ waste electricity
C in order that not D so as not to
10 The school boys are in hurry they will not be late for school
A so as to B to C in order that D for
11 He hid that letter in a drawer _ no one could read it
A so that B because C although D than
12 The teacher was explaining the lesson slowly and clearly
A to make his students to understand it
Trang 3B in order that his students can understand it
C so as to that his students could understand it
D so that his students could understand it
13 The boy always does his homework before class
A so as not to be punished by the teacher
B so as to be punished by the teacher
C so that not to be punished by the teacher
D in order that not to be punished by the teacher
14 “I tried to study English well I want to get a good job.” means _
A I tried to study English well so that I can get a good job
B I tried to study English well in order that I can get a good job
C I tried to study English well to get a good job
D All are correct
15 “They whispered They didn’t want anyone to hear them.” means _
A They whispered in order to make anyone hear them
B They whispered so that no one could hear them
C They whispered to make everyone hear them
D They whispered in order that make everyone hear them
16 “We preserve natural resources We can use them in the future.” means
A We preserve natural resources so that we can use them in the future
B We preserve natural resources so as to we can use them in the future
C We preserve natural resources for future use
D A and C
17 The students study English they can communicate with foreigners
A so that B so/ that C in order to D A & C
18 He left home early _
A so that he could arrive at the station on time
B in order that he can arrive at the station on time
C so that he couldn’t arrive at the station on time
D A& C
19 The teacher explained the lesson again in order that _
A all the students could understand the lesson
B all the students could drive to school
C all the students could pass the examination
D all the students could exchange the answers
20 He failed the exam, _ he had to do the job he didn’t like
A so B so that C in order to D A & C
Exercise 1 36 Complete the sentences with because/ because of/ although/ in spite of.
1 We delayed our trip because of the bad weather
Trang 42 Sue’s eyes were red _ because _ she had been crying.
3 My mother is always complaining _ because of _ the untidiness of my room
4 The water in most rivers is unsafe to drink because _ it’s polluted
5 The trees were bent over _ because of _ the wind
6 You can’t enter this secure areas because you don’t have an official permit
7 It’s unsafe to travel in that country _ because of _ the ongoing civil war
8 Several people in the crowd became ill and fainted _ because of _ the extreme heat
9 Mark didn’t go to work yesterday because he didn’t feel well
10 We couldn’t get into the disco _ because of the enormous crowd
11 although it rained a lot, we enjoyed our holiday
12 Daniel forgot his passport _ in spite of having it in his list
13 I couldn’t get to sleep _ because of _ the noise
14 _ Because I had nothing for lunch but an apple, I ate dinner early
15 A lot of things went wrong _ in spite of all our careful plans
16 She wasn’t wearing a coat although _ it was quite cold
17 He only accepted the job _ because of _ the salary, which was very high
18 I went home early _ because _ I was feeling unwell
19 although _ I knew the truth, I decided not to tell them
20 The villagers refused to leave _ in spite of the drought
21 We decided not to go out for a meal _ we were simply too tired
22 Have you really got no money the fact that you’ve had a job?
23 Sarah can’t climb up the tree _ her fear of heights
24 Matthew looked quite fresh, he’d been playing squash
25 _ his age, john was not hired he had the necessary qualifications.Key: because:2, 4, 6, 9, 14, 18, 21/: because of 1, 3, 5, 7, 8, 10, 13, 17, 23, 25 (1)/although: 11, 16, 19, 24, 25(2) / in spite of: 12, 15, 20, 22,
II Match the two halves of the sentence Then write the full sentence, using the word
in brackets Add commas where necessary.
1 yesterday was a public day
2 we didn’t want to wake anybody up
3 we didn’t know what time it was
4 it was a nice day
5 the door was open
6 you paid for the theater tickets
7 oil is an irreplaceable natural resource
8 we didn’t see Lisa for a long time
9 Lilian was late for work
10 Sonia was tired
she was very popular (since)
we ate out (as)
it explains everything very clearly.(because)
none of us had a watch (because)the teacher decided to give it again (since)she missed the bus (because)
we went for a walk by the sea (as)
We didn’t recognize her (because)
we must do whatever we can to conserve it
Trang 511 Eve had an attractive personality
12 mother had burnt the dinner
13 it’s a really useful book
14 Ellie hadn’t fully recovered yet
15 all the students had done poorly on
I walked in (since)Key:
1 Since yesterday was a public day, we didn’t have to go to work
2 As we didn’t want to wake anybody up, we came in very quietly
3 We didn’t know what time it was because none of us had a watch
4 As it was a nice day, we went for a walk by the sea
5 Since the door was open, I walked in
6 As you paid for the theater tickets, please let me pay for our dinner
7 Since oil is an irreplaceable natural resource, we must do whatever we can to conserveit
8 Because we didn’t see Lisa for a long time, We didn’t recognize her
9 Lilian was late for work because she’d been working very hard
10 Sonia was tired because she missed the bus
11 Since Eve had an attractive personality, she was very popular
12 As mother had burnt the dinner, we ate out
13 It’s a really useful book because it explains everything very clearly
14 Because Ellie hadn’t fully recovered yet, she felt weak
15 Since all the students had done poorly on the test, the teacher decided to give it again
III Add SO, BUT, THEREFORE, HOWEVER where appropriate
1 The wind was howling outside, _ it was warm and comfortable indoor
2 The highway was under construction, _ we had to take a different route to work
3 You could fly via Singapore; _, this isn’t the only way
4 There is still much to discuss We shall, _ return to this item at our next meeting
5 It isn’t that he lied exactly, _ he did tend to exaggerate
6 I thought the plane would be delayed; , I bought a lot of magazines to read
7 Jackson was going to study all night, he declined our invitation to dinner
8 We thought the figures were correct , we have now discovered some errors
9 Cars have become much more complicated , mechanics need more trainingthan in the past
10 We arrived at the theater late _ the play had not yet begun We were quitesurprised
11 Prices have been rising It is unlikely, , that this increase will continue
12 The bread was old and stale, _ Martha ate it anyway
13 The holiday had been a complete disaster We, _, decide to fly home early if wecould
Trang 614 He failed the exam, _ he had to do the job he didn’t like.
15 The expedition hoped to climb the mountain by August _ bad weather could be
a hindrance
Key: SO: 2, 7, 14; BUT: 1, 5, 10, 12; THEREFORE: 4, 6, 9, 13; HOWEVER: 3, 8, 11, 15
IV Rewrite the following as one sentence, using and, but, so, or.
1 It was raining I felt cold I went indoors à It was raining and I felt cold so I wentindoors
2 He loves her She loves him They are getting married
3 I can paint the lounge I can clean the fridge I can’t do both
4 Mr Down seemed poor In fact, he had a lot of money
5 Tim is sleeping You can’t speak to him at the moment
6 The postman banged the gate He shouted at Lulu She bit him
7 My mother wanted me to become a doctor I didn’t
8 Nick didn’t understand the lesson He couldn’t do the homework
9 A bee flew into the classroom this morning It stung me
10 You mustn’t put this in the washing machine You must wash it by hand You mustdry-clean it
11 We lay in the sun We got hot We swam We cooled off
12 Louis broke her watch Then she borrowed mine
13 We might go to Spain We might go to France
14 Mike could speak French He could speak Spanish He couldn’t write them
15 We went to the museum It was closed We went to the cinema
V Put in these word: although, because, but, if, in case, in order to, in spite of, so, so that, unless
1 Olivia booked a babysitter _ she could go out for the evening
2 it was late, Nick didn’t seem in a hurry to leave
3 They put video cameras in shops _ stop people stealing things
4 We decided not to go out for a meal we were simply too tired
5 Our room was very small, we didn’t really mind
6 _ you’re ready, we can start now
7 No one was watching the television, I switched it off
8 You can’t drive a car _ you’ve got a licence
9 having absolutely no talent, Guy became a popular TV personality and chatshow host
10 I think my answers are right, but can I just check them with yours _ I’ve made
Trang 7A Put in : also, but, despite, or, that, therefore.
Key : 1- also, 3- but, 5- despite, 6- or, 2- that, 4- therefore
B Put in : alternatively, as a result of, consequently, furthermore, in spite of, on top of
UNIVERSITY STUDENTS
(7) _ their aim to get more young people into universities, the government has putfinancial difficulties in their way Nowadays most students get a loan instead of grant, andsome have to pay tuition fees (8) that (9) _, many of them run up hugedebts, or (10) their parents have to support them (11) _ these obstacles,some school leavers are discouraged from applying to go to university (12) _, anincreasing number are dropping out before completing the course
Key : 10- alternatively, 11- as a result of, 9- consequently, 12- furthermore, 7- in spiteof,8- on top of
VII Underlined the correct alternative
1 Your essay is badly organized and full of spelling mistakes Though / Nevertheless, itcontains some very interesting ideas
2 To the east the trees were left standing, while / in contrast to the west they were cutdown
3 I felt guilty about leaving the company even so / even though I knew I had made theright decision
4 The graphics in that new computer game I bought are quite good Even though / even
so, I soon got bored with playing it
5 He was refused entry to the country Though / instead he was forced to return to Spain
6 Herbs are usually grown in temperate climates, whereas / on the other hand spices aremainly from tropical areas
7 We are short of money so / as a consequence we had to spend the night on a park bench
8 I understand your point of view However,/ although I don’t agree with it
9 I turned the ignition, but the car refused to start As / meanwhile the lions were gettingever closer
10 Modern farming methods have destroyed the habitat of many birds As a result / sothat their numbers are in decline
11 He has lived next door to us for years, yet/ however we hardly ever see him
12 The building was extreme well-constructed and, consequently / furthermore, difficult
to demolish
13 The company has spent millions on computers Nevertheless / As a result, it does not
Trang 8seem to have become more efficient.
14 There is fog at Heathrow; the plane, however / therefore, has been diverted
15 I know traveling by bus takes longer than flying, but / however it will be moreinteresting
VIII Choose items from (i) and from (ii) to complete these sentences in an appropriate way Note the punctuation at the ends of the sentences and phrases already given
he had not even contacted herit’s too expensive
the street was deserted
we were on holidaythe worker had to be sent homeCuba has increased production by 35%
the acting was superb
1 The world output of sugar has been in slow decline since 1984
2 The story told in the film was predictable, _
3 There was no heating in the building _
4 Martha cut the cake carefully into slices
5 A small boy was kicking a ball against a wall;
6 I couldn’t remember meeting him before, _
7 A mass evacuation of islanders is taking place
8 “ why don’t you like that new French restaurant?”
9 Karen came down with flu
10 He said he had discussed the matter with her
Key:
1… By contrast, Cuba has increased production by 35%
2 …, though the acting was superb
3 … As a result, the worker had to be sent home
4 … so that everybody had their fair share
5… ; otherwise, the street was deserted
6… Yet his face seemed familiar
7… Meanwhile, the volcano continues to erupt
8 For one thing, it’s too expensive
9 … while we were on holiday
10 … Furthermore, he had not even contacted her
Trang 9Exercise 129 Combine each two sentences using the suggested word.
1 Matthew doesn’t know any French It was one of his school subjects (though)
2 Nick used to smoke He seems to be in good health (although)
3 Our team won by a large margin No one thought we would win the championship (but)
4 Laura felt unwell She went on working (in spite of this)
5 We couldn’t get tickets We queued for an hour (in spite of)
6 The goods were never delivered We had received the promise (despite)
7 She earned her living by selling newspaper She got a B.A degree (even though)
8 I told the absolute truth No one would believe me (even though)
9 I enjoyed the film The story was silly (in spite of)
10 We live in the same street We hardly ever see each other (despite)
11 My foot was injured I managed to walk to the nearest village (although)
12 They have very little money They are happy (in spite of)
13 I got very wet in the rain I had an umbrella (even though)
14 I couldn’t sleep I was tired (despite)
15 He liked the sweater He decided not to buy it (though)
16 I didn’t get the job I had all the necessary qualifications (on spite of)
17 I had turned on the air conditioner It was still hot in the room (even though)
18 Laura wants to fly She feels afraid ( in spite of the fact that)
19 Trevor didn’t notice the sign It was right in front of him (even though)
20 I’m no better I’ve taken the pills (despite the fact)
22 Henry’s friend is a millionaire He hates spending money (despite)
23 I’d met her twice before I didn’t recognize her (although)
6 The man spoke very slowly He wanted me to understand what he said (so that)
8 Our flight was delay We decided to take a long walk around the terminal (since)
Exercise 129 Combine each two sentences using the suggested word.
1 Matthew doesn’t know any French though it was one of his school subjects
2 Although Nick used to smoke, he seems to be in good heath
3 Our team won by a large margin but no one thought we would win the championship
4 Laura felt unwell in spite of this she went on working
5 We couldn’t get tickets in spite of queuing for an hour
6 The goods were never delivered despite the promise we had received
7 Even though she got a B.A degree, she earned her living by selling newspaper
8 Even though I told the absolute truth No one would believe me
9 I enjoyed the film in spite of the silly story
10 We hardly ever see each other despite living in the same street
11 Although my foot was injured, I managed to walk to the nearest village
12 In spite of having very little money They are happy
13 I got very wet in the rain even though I had an umbrella
14 I couldn’t sleep despite being tired
Trang 1015 Though he liked the sweater, he decided not to buy it.
16 I didn’t get the job in spite of having all the necessary qualifications
17 It was still hot in the room even though I had turn on the air conditioner
18 Laura wants to fly in spite of the fact that she feels afraid
19 Trevor didn’t notice the sign even though it was right in front of him
20 I’m no better despite the fact that I’ve taken the pills
22 Despite being a millionaire, Henry’s friend hates spending money
23 Although I’d met her twice before, I didn’t recognize her
6 The man spoke very slowly so that I could understand what he said
8 Since our flight was delay, we decided to take a long walk around the terminal
X Rewrite these sentences, using because.
1 Mary came to class late Her motorbike had a puncture
10 I always enjoyed mathematics in high school, so I decided to major in it in college
4 I could not see his face clearly He was standing in the shadow (so)
2 Most people hear jogging is a good exercise, so they begin to jog
Key:
1 → Because her motorbike had a puncture, Mary came to class late
2 → Because the weather was cold, we stayed home
3 → Because its climate is healthy, people like to live in this country
4 → because it can be used for various purposes, a computer becomes very popularnowadays
5 → Because his health was ill, Stacey retired in 1987
6 → Because the traffic was heavy, we were late for the meeting
7 → Because he broke his leg, Harry had to stay in hospital