Assessment of current environmental quality at cao bang cement factory in duyet trung commune, cao bang city, cao bang province

T HAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITYTHAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY ------NGUYEN THI TRANG Topic title: “ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY AT CAO BANG CEMENT FACTORY IN

T HAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

- -NGUYEN THI TRANG

Topic title:

“ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

AT CAO BANG CEMENT FACTORY IN DUYET TRUNG COMMUNE,

CAO BANG CITY, CAO BANG PROVINCE”

BACHELOR THESIS

Mode of study : Full-time

Major : Environmental Science and Management

Faculty : International Training and Development Center

Thai Nguyen, 2015

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY

- -NGUYEN THI TRANG

Topic title:

“ASSESSMENT OF CURRENT ENVIRONMENTAL QUALITY

AT CAO BANG CEMENT FACTORY IN DUYET TRUNG COMMUNE,

CAO BANG CITY, CAO BANG PROVINCE”

BACHELOR THESIS

Mode of study : Full-time

Major : Environmental Science and Management

Faculty : International Training and Development Center

Supervisor : Assoc.Prof DO THI LAN

Thai Nguyen, 2015

Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry

Degree program Bachelor of Science in Environmental Science and

Supervisor Assoc.Prof Do Thi Lan

to collect documents, take samples to analyze the environmental quality Analyzingcriteria of environment in Cao Bang factory, we considered it as the basis ofevaluating the current state of the environment The results of analyzing air sampledshowed that all the targets are within the permissible limits except the noise incement works is quite high (86.1 dBA) exceeds 1.1 dBA Moreover, analysis ofwastewater sampled in the factory in comparisons with QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT(National technical regulation on industrial waste water) showed that pollutants inwaste water that are much smaller than the regulation allows However, index

numbers are still quite high such as the percentage of Mn is 0.641 mg/l whileallowed standard is 1 mg/l From results above, we can see that the environmentalquality is severely polluted, so we have increased the effective solutions tominimize negative impacts on the environment, especially air environment.Simultaneously, there are best solutions to minimize effects to local people as well

as workers

Keywords

Environmental quality, Environmental pollution, Environmental protection, Citizen, Awareness, Assessment

Number of pages pages

Date of submission January 15, 2015

Firstly, I would like to say thanks to Assoc.Prof Do Thi Lan, my researchsupervisors, enthusiastic encouragement and useful critiques of this research work Ithas contributed immensely to the evolution of my ideas to complete my project onschedule

Secondly, I would also like to extend my thanks to the technicians of Cao BangEnvironmental Protection Agency who help in offering me the resources related toproject

Finally, I wish to thank my family for their support and encouragementthroughout my study A special thanks to all those other persons who helped me incompleting this report During the process of completing project, mistake is inevitable

Thanks so much!

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I: INTRODUCTION 1

1.1 Background and rationale 1

1.2 Objectives of study 2

1.2.1 To assess the current environment 2

1.2.2 To analize the sites which are exited and limited in manegement of environmental quality 2

1.2.3 To propose the solutions in environmental protection .2

1.3 Significations of the study 3

1.3.2 Practical significance 3

PART II: LITERATURE REVIEW 5

2.1 Scientific basis of topics 5

2.1.1 Theoretical basis 5

2.1.2 Scientific basis 7

2.2 Factual basis 9

2.2.1 Status of research on the quality of air in the world 9

2.2.2 Status of research on the quality of air in Vietnam 10

2.2.3 Current environment in Cao Bang province 11

2.2.4 Overall assessment overview 12

PART III: METHODOLOGY 13

3.1 Subjects and study area 13

3.1.1 Research subject 13

3.1.2 Scope of study 13

3.2 Location and time 13

3.3 Contents 13

3.4 Research Methodologies 13

3.4.1 Methods of collecting secondary data 13

3.4.2 Methods of sampling and laboratory analysis 14

3.4.3 Methods of data processing 15

3.4.4 Integrated approach, comparing 15

PART IV: RESULTS 16

4.1 General information about Cao Bang Cement 16

4.1.1 Natural Conditions 16

4.2 Basic information about factory 19

4.2.1 The information about operation 19

4.2.2 Overview of scale, performance, and activities related to environment 20

4.3 Current environment at Cao Bang Cement 25

4.3.1 Air environment 28

4.3.2 Water environment 30

4.3.3 Solid waste 33

4.4 Environmental protection of the cement factory in Cao Bang 34

4.4.2 Exited measures in environmental protection in the operation of plan 44

4.5 Proposed solutions to reduce environmental pollution for Cao Bang Cement factory 44

4.5.1 Management Solutions 44

4.5.2 Technical Solutions 46

4.5.3 Propaganda and education solutions .47

PART V: CONCLUSION AND PETITION 48

5.1 Conclusion 48

BIBLIOGRAPHY Error! Bookmark not defined.

LIST OF TABLES

Table 3.1: Locations where monitor air quality at Cao Bang Cement Factory 14

Table 4.1 Gaseous components 26

Table 4.2 Identify sources of negative impacts on the environment and subjected to impact in the production phase 27

Table 4.3 the monitoring result of air environment in factory’s area 28

Table 4.4 The monitoring result of air environment surrounding factory’s area 29

Table 4.5 The analysized result of wastewater of factory 31

Table 4.6 The analysized result of water quality of the factory 32

Table 4.7 The components of solid waste from living activities 33

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 4.1 Geographic location of Cao Bang Cement Factory 16Figure 4.2 Raw grinding system KMP 60-5 37Figure 4.3 Precipitator’s system JLMC 82-9 40

PART I INTRODUCTION1.1 Background and rationale

Nowadays, the environment is the top concern of all countries and theinternational community Along with the development of society, the environment isbeing polluted by the devastation and development of human, especially the problem

of air pollution Humanity has polluted the atmosphere severely, causing a negativeimpact to the people, to the ecosystem as well as the lives of other creatures

In recent years, economy is growing faster bring about sources ofenvironmental pollutants Vietnam is a developing country but there are no measures

to protect the environment properly, thus causing great pressure on the environment.Pollution in major industrial parks, factories and big cities is becoming increasinglyserious, having negative impact to the landscape and human health Therefore,environmental protection is a top priority of the Party and State which are interested instrategic socio-economic development in the period of industrialization andmodernization of the country

Cao Bang province is raising economy with the decreasing proportion ofagriculture, increasing proportion of industry, construction, trade and services, the rate

of urban development as well as industrialization are taking place very quickly

Cao Bang is one of the provinces where economic growth is high with manyareas such as metallurgical industry, Ferromanganese production, and cementproduction, mining These activities have adverse effect to environmental quality inCao Bang

Cao Bang Cement factory has operated for a long time (1997) with outdatedthe equipment and operating facilities Although the operation of the plant arebringing socioeconomic benefits, the negative impact on the environment is stillnot inevitable Therefore, the review of the status of ambient air quality in CaoBang Province is very interesting.

Stemming from these problems and realizing the importance of the evaluation ofthe current environmental quality with the adoption by consensus of the managing board

of the University, the board of directors of International Development and TrainingCenters - Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, along with the directguidance of Asso Prof Do Thi Lan, I conduct research project“Assessment of Current

Environmental Quality at Cao Bang Cement Factory in Duyet Trung Commune, Cao

Bang City, Cao Bang Province” to support the management of environmental protection

of Government in Cao Bang city, which proposed some measures in protecting andimproving the environment towards the sustainable development

1.2 Research’s objectives

1.2.1 To assess the current environment

1.2.2 To analize the sites which are exited and limited in manegement of

environmental quality

1.2.3 To propose the solutions in environmental protection.

1.3 Research questions

- What is an overview of Cao Bang Factory?

- What is current situation of air and water environment in Cao Bang CementFactory?

- What can human do to reduce impacts on human and environment?

1.4 Significations of the study

1.4.1 Learning and scientific research significance

- To apply the knowledge in to practice

- To enhance the knowledge in real life

- To supplement experiences in work after the graduation

1.4.2 Practical significance

- To assess the impacts of Cao Bang Cement Factory on ambient environment

- To evaluate the efficiency of waste treatment system

- To suggest the solutions to manage, to reduce and to treat environmentalpollutions

PART II LITERATURE REVIEW2.1 Scientific basis of topics

2.1.1 Theoretical basis

2.1.1.1 The definition of environment

Environmental management is an activity in the field of social management, withadjustable impact of human activities based on a systematic approach with informationcoordination skills for environmental issues related to humans, derived from thequantitative point of view towards sustainable development and rational use of natural

resources (Nguyen Ngoc Nong et al, 2006) [11].

Governmental management in environmental protection is a specific content ingovernmental management It is the use of management tools based on science,economics, law to organize actions to ensure a balance between economicdevelopment - social, and environmental protection, including synthesis of legalmeasures, policy, technical, social appropriate to protect the environmental quality oflife and economic sustainable development of the national society (EnvironmentalScience General Le Van Khoa, 2001 ) [9]

- Environment definition

In section 1 of Article 3- Environmental Protection Law on November 29, 2005states: "Environmental factors including natural and man-made material surroundinghuman life affecting production, the survival, and development of human beings andother creatures "[7]

- Environmental components:

Environmental components are the physical elements that constitute theenvironment such as soil, water, air, sound, light, organisms, ecosystems and otherphysical forms.

- Environmental function

Environment is the living space of humans and other creatures

Environment provides the necessary resources for life and human productionactivities

Environment is a place containing the human waste generated by life and itsmanufacturing operations

Environment mitigates the adverse effects of natural and human-beings on earth.Environment storages and provides information to human

- The concept of environmental protection:

Environmental protection activities are to keep the environment healthy andclean; prevent and limit adverse impacts on the environment and respond toenvironmental incidents; pollution and degradation, restore and improve theenvironment; extract, use and save natural resources properly; protect biodiversity

2.1.1.2 The concept of environmental pollution

- According to the World Health Organization: "Environmental pollution is thetransfer of energy or waste to environment which likely causes harming to humanhealth, development or degrading organisms or reducing environmental quality "

- According to section 6 of Article 3- Environmental Protection Law in 2005:

"Environmental pollution is the transformation of the components of theenvironment, which are not consistent with environmental standards, adverselyaffecting human beings." [7]

7+ Air pollution: "Air pollution is the presence of a foreign substance or ansignificant change in the composition of the air making the air not clean or causingunpleasant smell , reducing visibility (due to dust).

+ Water pollution: "Water pollution is a negative change in the term of thephysical - chemistry - biology properties of water, with the presence of foreignsubstances in liquid, solid leading water become toxic to humans and animals "

+ Soil pollution: "Soil pollution is a result of human activities altering theecological factors beyond the ecological limits of the living communities in the soil."+ Noise pollution: "Noise is a combination of pitched sounds of differentfrequencies, orderly arrangement, causing uncomfortable feeling to the listener, affectthe process of working, resting people In another way, it is the sound of untimely,improper loosening, audible magnitude too large to overcome tolerance to humans.(According to water environmental protection laws, 1993)

- Decree No 117/2009 / ND-CP on handling of administrative violations in thefield of environmental protection Decree takes effect from the date of 01/03/2010.

- Water resource No 17/2012/QH13 by the National Assembly of the SocialistRepublic of Vietnam in 21/06/2012

- Decree No 29/2011/ND-CP on strategic environmental assessment,environmental impact assessment, and environmental protection engagement in 2828/04/2011

- Decree No 59/2007 / ND-CP of the Government dated 09/04/2007 regardingsolid waste management

- Decision No 12/2011 / TT-BTNMT dated 14/04/2011 by the Ministry ofNatural Resources and Environment on harmful waste management

2.1.2.2 National Standard

- QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial waste water

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on surface water

- QCVN 26: 2010 / BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on noise at the timefrom 6 hours to 21 hours (according to the equivalent sound level)

- Decision No 22/2006 / Director-BTNMT 18/12/2006 by the Ministry ofNatural Resources and Environment compulsory environmental Standard

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality1-hour average

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on hazardoussubstances in ambient air for 1 hour

2.2.1 Status of research on the quality of air in the world.

Air pollution continues to receive a great deal of interest worldwide due to itsnegative impacts on human health and welfare Several studies reported significantcorrelations between air pollution and certain diseases including shortness of breath,sore throat, chest pain, nausea, asthma, bronchitis and lung cancer (Dockery and Pope,1994; U.S EPA 1999a, U.S EPA 1999b; Jeff and Hans 2004; Clean Air 2007) TheWorld Health Organization state that 2.4 million people die each year from causesdirectly attractable to air pollution (World Health Organization 2007) In addition to itsnegative health impacts, air pollution is known to cause injuries to animals, forests andvegetation, and aquatic ecosystem Its impacts on metals, structures, leather, rubber,

and fabrics include cracks, soiling, deterioration, and erosion (Boul et al., 1994).

Cement industry is a potential anthropogenic source of air pollution It is a majorcontributor to dust, nitrogen oxides (NOx), sulfur oxides (SOx), an carbon monoxide(CO) in metropolitan areas Furthermore, it contributes about 5% of the global CO2,the famous greenhouse gas (Ian and David, 2002) In cement industries, dust is emittedfrom stock piles, quarrying, transportation of raw materials, kilns operation, clinkercooling and milling (European Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control Bureau2001)

In Jordan, new cement plants are being constructed in Badia (a region thatreceives less than 150 mm of rain annually) However, only few studies wereconducted to assess the air quality in the country The Royal Scientific Associationhave monitored PM10 and PM2.5 in Alhashemeiah, a town where most of Jordanindustries are concentrated during the interval March, 2000 through February 2001

(Asi et al., 2001) The results showed that PM10 and PM2.5 have exceeded theJordanian 24 hour standard of 120 µg/m3 during 20 days out of 50 days constitute the

whole sampling period Hussein et al.(2010) measured the submicron particle number

concentrations un the urban/suburban atmosphere of Amman-Jordan during the spring

of 2009 and found that during the morning rush hours the number concentrations were

as high as 120 x 103 and 75 x 103 at the urban and suburban sites during weeklyworkdays

Special attention has to be paid to any proposed activities in arid regions in order

to minimize the environmental consequences of dust accumulated on shrubs and herbs,which may lead to their death, and thereby destroy the fragile ecosystem there in

2.2.2 Status of research on the quality of air in Vietnam

Vietnam has about 90 cement companies, of which approximately 30members of total Vietnam Cement Corporation, 5 joint venture and more than 50small companies Environmental pollution caused by cement plants is causing aproblem is the public best interest In recently, December 2012, Dai Viet – DungQuat Cement Factory located in central Binh Dong Commune, Binh Son District,Quang Ngai Province had to suspend operations due to environmental pollutantsserious impact on the lives of the people's health (http://ximangfico.com/)

Hoa Binh Cement Factory project (now is the Vinh Son cement plant) which

is belong to Trung Son Cement limited Company, is builted in Trung Soncommune, Thanh Lap commune (Luong Son) from 2008 to 2010 Report on

11environmental impact assessment of the project is the provincial people'sCommittee approved Decision No 1390 / QD-UBND in 27/06/2008 However, inthe course of activity, factory has discharged environmental pollution prolongedpressing of the population in the area.

Discharged from the sewage through electrostatic precipitator system is one ofthe causes of Vinh Son cement plant caused environmental pollution in Trung Soncommune, Thanh Lap commune (Luong Son) (http://www.baohoabinh.com.vn/)According to the results of regular monitoring of agency of the environmentalProtection in Ho Chi Minh City on the air pollution of the city, 98% of samples testing

do not follow the standards, always at highly hazardous to human health, including theamount of dust generated from smoke, dust is causing serious air pollution in the area.The main reason is because emissions from vehicle traffic regularly

Manufacturing operations of industrial plants located in the suburban area orlocated in the inner city such as the Tan Binh Industrial Zone, Ha Tien cement factory, and a lot of establishments producing industrial and handicraft industry is also theleading cause of air pollution (http://www.moitruong.com.vn/)

2.2.3 Current environment in Cao Bang province

In general, the atmosphere are now relatively clean, air pollution concentratedlocally at some points, such as metallurgical plant, the construction sector, a number ofhandicraft production industrial and crowded intersections passing vehicles The pointhas exceeded the target pollution regulation is not concentrated but dispersed scattered

in the province Environmental air quality is now declining trend worsens

According to the observation results from 2006 to 2010, the concentration ofpollutants in the air at the center of the districts, the most densely populated areas areunder Vietnam’s Regulation, suspended dust is increasing, especially in the gas

stations along the route under construction Dust concentration tends to decrease at theend of 2009, and increased again around the average value in 2010.

Generally, SO2 concentrations in the province is much lower than normative.SO2 arising mainly caused from the transport, some plants which generate SO2emissions, have been scattered but not concentrated

The monitoring results showed that the concentration of SO2 in the atmospherearound the province are lower than Standard in Vietnam The concentration of SO2 atthe center of the districts is not much volatility The concentration of SO2 in the cityhas tended to increase in two years

Through evaluation report on environmental impact of Cao Bang province in 2010,forecasting air pollution by 2020 the province of Cao Bang will depend largely on thescope and scale of development zones industrial, urban and transport During theconstruction phase of the infrastructure of industrial zones, residential zones, bordereconomic zones, roads atmosphere will be quite heavy pollution by dust and noise

2.2.4 Overall assessment overview

Through science, theoretical, and practical basis of research’s results onenvironmental quality in the world and Vietnam The implementation of the project:

“Assessment of current environmental quality at Cao Bang Cement Factory in

Duyet Trung Commune, Cao Bang C ity, Cao Bang Province” is a necessity for both

living species and environment

3.2 Location and time

- Location of study: At the Cao Bang Cement Factory in Duyet Trungcommune, Cao Bang city, Cao Bang province

- Duration of conduct: From Sep, 2014 to Dec, 2014

- Current state of environmental protection and analyzing the limitation of factory

- To put forward a great many ideas to improve the environment

3.4 Research Methodologies

3.4.1 Methods of collecting secondary data

- To collect the documentation and data on natural conditions, socio-economicconditions in local

- To collect the documentation and data on environmental monitoring of factory

at Agency of Environmental Protection

- Regulation documents in environmental management

- Environmental Standard in Vietnam

- Process of producing

3.4.2 Methods of sampling and laboratory analysis

We are taken 6 samples to analyze and evaluate the environmental quality: 2samples of water, and 4 samples of air

The date: 25/04/2014

Table 3.1: Locations where monitor air quality at Cao Bang Cement Factory

(2503316 , 0555588)

12D1/CS/2014-45 At the sidewalk of

Highways 4 far from 300m (2503316 , 0555588)

Methods of sampling, sample preservation, measurement and analysis areperformed by center of environmental analysis and monitoring - EnvironmentalProtection Agency comply with the ISO, NTR in the environmental analysisequipment dedicated

15The ISO, NTR in the environmental analysis including:

- QCVN 040:2011/BTNMT: National technical regulation on industrial waste water

- QCVN 08:2008/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on surface water

- QCVN 26: 2010 / BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on noise at the timefrom 6 hours to 21 hours (according to the equivalent sound level)

- Decision No 22/2006 / Director-BTNMT 18/12/2006 by the Ministry ofNatural Resources and Environment compulsory environmental ISO

- QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT: National technical regulation on ambient air quality1-hour average

- QCVN 06:2009/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on hazardoussubstances in ambient air for 1 hour

- QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT: National Technical Regulation on noise, the timefrom 6 hours to 21 hours (according to the equivalent sound level)

TCVN 7365:2003: National Technical Regulation on Air in the workplace limit of Concentration of dust and air pollutant for cement plant

-3.4.3 Methods of data processing

- Collecting and interpreting data of hydrometeorology, socioeconomic andenvironment in area

3.4.4 Integrated approach, comparing

Synthesis of data collected, compared to the Viet Nam Technical Regulation andViet Nam Standards TCVN 7365:2003, QCVN 05:2013/BTNMT, QCVN06:2009/BTNMT, QCVN 26:2010/BTNMT, QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT, QCVN08:2008/BTNMT Then concluding the environmental quality surrounding area offactory for suggests the solutions in environmental protection

PART IV RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1 General information about Cao Bang Cement factory

4.1.1 Natural Conditions

4.1.1.1 Geographical location

Cao Bang Cement Factory that is located in the South of Bang Giang River, farfrom Cao Bang city about 6 km to the southeast, located in Duyet Trung commune,Cao Bang province This is a convenient location for the plant because the area isclosely located to raw materials (limestone and clay), near the provincial road(Highway 4) where is convenient for the transportation of raw materials, fuel,materials and plant products Factory is near a power line of 35 Kw and Na Lungstreams that facilitate the supply of plant production

Cao Bang Cement plant covers an area of 15,567 m2 (excluding the exploitation

of raw materials sector) on a low-lying areas have been razed

Figure 4.1 Geographic location of Cao Bang Cement Factory

4.1.1.2 Meteorite conditions

Cao Bang Cement manufacturing plant is located in the monsoon tropicalclimate, with two annual seasons: the winter is from November to March in nextyear, the summer from May to September, remaining April and October is twomonths forward

Temperature:

- The average temperature per year: 20-220C

- The average temperature in summer is 25.30C and the average temperature

in winter is 17.80C

- The highest temperature of 38 ° C in summer, the lowest is 1-20C in winter

- The average humidity per year is 84%, the highest is 86%, the lowest was 68%

The precipitation regime:

- The average annual rainfall is 1500-1800 mm

- The rainy season is from May to October accounted for 70-80% of the totalannual precipitation

- For the remaining months of rainfall accounts for 20-30% of the totalannual rainfall, especially in December and January rainfall is usually atleast about 20 mm

Wind regime:

The prevailing wind direction is northeast of the winter; it is the Southeast inthe summer The average wind speed of 1.0-1.4 m /s Particularly, the speed of wind iscontinuous and stronger in the transition period from spring to summer (in April),

achieving an average speed of 1.4 - 2 m/s Conversely with the period from autumn towinter (in December) is the lowest speed of wind from 0.6 to 1 m / s (The detailedEnvironmental Impact Assessment Report)

4.1.1.3 Hydrographical conditions

There are two rivers flowing through Cao Bang city: Bang River originatesfrom China flowing through the city and then back down on China, Hien Riveroriginates from the high mountains in Ngan Son district (Bac Kan), Nguyen Binhdistrict (Cao Bang) flows through the city, and then met Bang river Due to the steeptopography and destroyed forests, it often has flood in the rainy that directly affect tothe environment

Na Lung stream has role of industrial water supply for the plant

Around the plant, there are small ponds also contributed to contain waste waterfrom factory

River network area not only provide water for the plant, but also significant

in regulating climate (The detailed Environmental Impact Assessment Report)

4.1.2 Economic Conditions

- Cao Bang cement factory and two materials quarries including Na Lunglimestone quarry and Na Doong clay quarry are located in Duyet Trung commune,Cao Bang province

- Infrastructure:

+ In general, transport sector is quite favorable because of Highway 4A (CaoBang - Lang Son) passing, there are gravel roads from Highway 4A to Na Lung ironmines in the north Therefore, the transport and exchange of goods is very convenient

+ Drainage system in residential areas is almost nothing, people mainly usesurface water for daily life, only some households have clean well-water for using

+ Currently, all households have the national grid electricity which is used forliving and production

- Culture:

Educational level in the region is relatively high compared to the province Thenumber of children also go to school (The detailed Environmental ImpactAssessment Report)

4.2 Basic information about factory

4.2.1 The information about operation

Cao Bang Cement - Construction Joint Stock Company , formerly known as theCao Bang cement factory with a capacity of original design was 35 000 tons ofcement/year It was officially put into operation from July 1997 By January 2005, thecompany converted into Joint Stock Company

Over the years, the company has constantly improved research, applied scienceand technology into production reality In 1999, the application of science project was

applied successful "Using natural mineral additives and industrial waste in cement

production"; in 2003, there was investment of project categories "Handling dust emissions, improving environment and productivity of blast furnace"; in 2006, the investment of project "Expansion, reconstruction capacity of Cao Bang cement plant

to 85 000 tons / year" In early 2012, the company has successfully applied scientific research: "Using Bauxite in the production of cement batching" to reduce carbon in

batches from 14% to 6%, which cost a ton product fell by over 15% compared to theprevious and better product quality, more uniform in the context of raw material priceswhich has rising input This result will stand firm to be more sustainable development

of company in the coming years, as the foundation for the company boldly continuedresearch and apply the scientific projects; there will have higher investment of moderntecnological equipment for the purpose of increasing productivity, quality, lower costproducts to improve the competitiveness of products on the market, minimizingenvironmental pollution and noise pollution in the factory area and surroundingneighborhoods factory (Source: According to the result of pollution treatment reportbased on the Decision No.990/QĐ-UBND of Cao Bang Cement company on24/04/2013)

4.2.2 Overview of scale, performance, and activities related to environment.

- Cao Bang cement factory covers an area of 15 567 m2

- Cement is manufactured by blast furnace technology and semi-dry method.Designed capacity of 85,000 tons / year, the actual operating capacity of 74,000 tons / year