DATVANDE C nudc ta viec xir ly chat thai chan nudi lgn cdn nhd Ie theo phuang phap truyen thdng dom gian nhu: Phan lgn dugc ii hoac diing tuoi lam thirc an nudi ca hoac lam phan bdn cho
Trang 1TRINH QUANG TUYEN - Mot so gidi phdp xit ly phdn vd mrac thdi
MOT S6 GIAI PHAP XLT LY PHAN VA Nl/dC THAI NHAM GIAM 6 NHIEM MOI TRUOfNG TRONG CHAN NUOI LOfN TRANG TRAI TAP TRUNG
Trjnh Quang Tuyen', Nguyen Que Coi', Ddm Tudn TH', Nguyin Tiin Thong', Le Vdn Sdng' vd Nguyen Duy Phuomg' 'Trung tam nghien ciru Xqn Thuy Phu-ong-Vifn ChSn nuoi; Vifn Tho nhu-ong Nong ho^
*Tac gia lien he: Trinh Quang Tuyin - Trung tam nghien ciiu Igm Thuy Phuang-Vi?n Chan nuoi
Tel: 0989750711; Email: quangtuyenven@yahoo.com.vn
ABSTRACT
Solution of applying waste treatment in to intensive pig farms to
reduce environment pollution
Since environment pollution caused by waste of pig production farms is increasing nowadays, a study has been conducted since 2008 to identify waste management technologies that are most suitable for different types of pig farm holdings Result on solid waste treatment indicated that: the use of EM secondary solution, EM Bokashi, Compostmaker and traditional method to treat pig manure gives good results (composting can kill microorganism pathogens, parasites, and produce non-odorous product) Of treatment techniques noted above, the technique used EM solution is the simplest, quickest and easy to apply in intensive pig farms Result on wastewater treatment pointed that: using EM secondary solution and water hyacinth in wastewater treatment can reduce the amount of substances caused environment pollution as COD, BOD5, NO2", NO3", P total, Colifoms When using EM secondary solution for wastewater treating, the reduction of COD is about 81,3% (from 732,9 mg/l (before treating) to 137,1 mg/l (after treating) BOD5, NO3, and total P concentrations reduce 82,7%, 73,8% and 80,1%, respectively The remained levels of these substances in treated wastewater meet the standard requirement (level B) of Vietnam (TCN 678-2006) Treatment by EM secondary solution is in shorter time but gives greater efficiency in reducing level of polluted substances than treatment by water hyacinth Wastewater treatment by using water hyacinth is more suitable for remote areas where the investment for waste management
is low and the access to biological additives is limited Result on application of waste treatment technologies to pig farm holdings showed that: applying waste treatment techniques decreases odor emission, reduces environment pollution and increases the efficacy of pig production (improving pig performance and profit ratio)
Keywords: waste, wastewater, pig farm
DATVANDE
C) nudc ta viec xir ly chat thai chan nudi lgn cdn nhd Ie theo phuang phap truyen thdng dom gian nhu: Phan lgn dugc ii hoac diing tuoi lam thirc an nudi ca hoac lam phan bdn cho cay trdng, chat thai ldng dugc xir ly qua biogas va chay thang ra ngoai mdi trudmg hoac diing de tudi cay Tuy nhien, qui md chan nudi ngay mdt md rgng, chat thai chan nudi ngay mdt nhieu nen phuomg phap xir ly truyen thdng khdng cdn thich hgp da gay ra d nhiem lam anh hudmg true tiep den mdi trudmg sdng cua nhieu viing ndng thdn Van de d nhiem chat thai chan nudi
ma chu yeu la trong chan nudi lgn la dang lo ngai do mat do nudi cao va cdng nghe xir ly ciing nhu miic do dau tu cho xii ly chat thai cdn han che
Trong nhurng nam vira qua cd mdt sd nghien ciiu va trien khai cdng nghe da dau tu mdt sd
md hinh xir ly chat thai chan nudi vao thuc tien a Viet Nam Tuy mirc do thanh cdng cua
mdi md hinh la khac nhau nhumg da gdp phan giam thieu d nhiem va budc dau dua cac cdng nghe xir ly chat thai tien tien d nudrc ngoai vao thuc tien Viet Nam Cac phuang phap xir ly chat thai chan nudi dugc ap dung hien nay deu dua tren cac cdng nghe da dugc ap dung thanh cdng tren the gioi nhung de phii hgp vdi thuc tien Viet Nam van cdn gap khdng it khd khan do quy md chan nudi da dang, vdn dau tu va chi phi van hanh thap, trinh do va hieu biet cua ngudri chan nudi chua dap img nhu cau Mdt sd nghien ciiu xir ly phan lgn bang
EM, ung dung BIO-F xir ly nuac thai chan nudi bang cay thuy sinh, cd Huang bai (Vetiver)
Trang 2VIEN C H A N N U O I - Tgp chi Khoa hgc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011
da giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg chan nudi lgn (Chantsavang va cs, 1992; Biii Huy Hien, 2008; Trinh Quang Tuyen va cs, 2008; Vo Thj Hanh va cs (2004; Delgado,1995; James,
1996; Rebecca, 1979) Song vln chua cd nghien ciiu ddng bd dk lira chgn dugc phuang
phap xir ly phii hgp trong xu Iy phan va nuac thai chan nudi lgn trong chan nudi tap tnmg Nghien ciiu va xac dinh cac phuang phap phii hgp dl xir ly phan va nudrc thai trong chan nudi, img dung cho cac trang trai la rit cin thilt va cip bach Vi vay, chiing toi tien
hainh"Nghien cim mdt sd gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nudc thdi nhdm gidm thieu d nhiem mdi truang trong chdn nudi lan trang trgi tap trung "
Muc tieu cUa de tdi: Xac dinh dugc phuomg phap xii ly phan lgn va nuac thai phii hgp trong
chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung nhim giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg Xay dung dugc cac
md hinh chan nudi lgn trang trai ap dung phuomg phap xu ly phan va nuac thai gdp phan giam thieu d nhiem mdi trudmg
VAT LIEU VA PHU'ONG PHAP NGHIEN CUtJ Vat lieu, thoi gian va dia diem nghien ciru:
Dia diem nghien ciru: Ha Ndi, Ha Tay (cii), Thai Binh, Ninh Binh
Th&i gian nghien ciru: Tir thang 7 nam 2008 den thang 6 nam 2010
Vgt lifu nghien ciru: EM gdc; EM thii cap; EM Bokashi; Compost maker, vdi bgt, beo luc
binh, nuac thai, phan lgn
Phvong phap nghien ciru
Thi nghiem cdc phuang phdp xuly phdn thdi trong chdn nuoi lent trang trgi tap trung
Bd tri thi nghiem xir ly phan lgn trong chan nudi lgn trang trai tap trung
Ld 1: EM Ld 2: EM Ld 3: Compost Ld 4: Phuang phap thii cap bokashi maker truyen thdng
3:5
• 45
3
Phuang phdp xu ly phdn lorn bdng che phdm EM thic cdp: Rai phan thanh ldp day 20 cm, rdng
1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met Diing che pham EM thii cap pha loang theo ty le 1/100 phun uot diu ddng phan (tir 20-25 lit dung dich da pha loang/lm^) Tiep tuc lam nhilu Idrp din khi ddng phan cao 0,8 met Dimg bat dura che phu be mat Sau 7 ngay tiln hanh dao ddng ii va phun
EM thii cap lan 2 lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 7 ngay sau dd tiln hanh thu san phim San pham la phan hum ca dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan
Phuang phdp xit ly phdn lan bdng che phdm EM Bokashi: Rai phan thanh lop day 20 cm,
rgng 1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met Dung che pham EM Bokashi rac deu tren bl mat lop phan vdi lugng EM Bokashi la 5% so vdi lugng phan Tiep tuc lam nhieu lop din khi ddng phan cao 0,8 met Diing bat diia che phii tren be rnat Sau 7 ngay tien hanh dao ddng ii va ric EM Bokashi lan 2 lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 7 ngay sau do tiln hanh thu san phim San pham la phan hiru ca dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan
Phuang phdp xic ly phdn lan bdng che phdm Compost maker: Phan lgn dugc trgn diu vdi
than biin theo ty le phan lgn va than bim la 1:1, tien hanh rai hon hgp phan thanh lap day 20
Khdi lugng phan xir
ly/dgt (tan)
Ngay theo ddi/dgt
Sd lan lap lai
3,5
15
3
3,5
15
3
3,5
30
3
Trang 3TRINH QUANG TUYEN - Mgt so gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nuac thdi
cm, rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met Diing che pham Compost maker pha loang theo ty le 1/100 phun udft deu ddng phan (tir 20-25 lit dung dich da pha loang/Im^) Tiep tuc lam nhieu ldp den khi ddng phan cao 0,8 met Diing bat diia che phii tren be mat Sau 15 ngay tien hanh dao ddng il va phun Compost maker lan 2 lieu lugng nhu lan 1, de tiep tuc 15 ngay sau dd tien hanh thu san pham San pham la phan hiiu co dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan
Phuang phdp xir ly phdn lan bdng phuang phdp truyen thdng: Phan lgn dugc trdn deu vdi vdi
bgt (ty le 5% so vdi lugng phan) va beo luc binh (ty le 10%) so vdi lugng phan) Gom phan
thanh ddng rdng 1,5 met, chieu dai 4 met Diing xeng nen chat ddng phan sau dd trat kin bang mdt lap biin day 2 cm De 45 ngay sau dd tien hanh thu san pham San pham la phan hum co dugc dua ra sir dung ngay hoac de khd tu nhien thi ddng bao bao quan
Phuong phdp xdc dinh cdc chi tieu theo doi
De cd lap khdng gian lay mau va phan tich mau khdng khi, mdt budng giir khi phat thai tu mau phan can quan trac da dugc xay dung nhu tren hinh 1
M^vboan hiit
, Buong lay man
Hinh 1 Buong lay mau khong khi phat thai tir phan l<7n Budng giir khi phat thai cd khung bang nhua kich thudc 1000 x 1000 x 1000 (mm), dugc phii ben ngoai bang tam nhua PE Ddng phan ii cd chieu cao khoang 20 cm, dien tich Im^ Budng giir khi cd thdng vdi khdng khi ben ngoai a mep duai va mdt vai Id nhd a phia tren de can bang ap suat va giiip cho khi phat thai de phan tan trong budng luu Thuc hien lay va phan tich mau khdng khi sau 24 gidr lap dat budng giii khi
Nhiet do Id it phdn: Dirng nhiet ke chuyen dung dugc cam lien tuc tir ngay ii den khi ket thiic
tai vi tri giira Id u, lay sd lieu vao 8 gid sang hang ngay
Xdc djnh ndng do khi doc: Mdi phuomg phap dugc xac dinh 10 mau (5 mau trudc xir ly, 5
mau sau xOr ly), vdi NH3; H2S; CO2
Phuang phdp phdn tich
Do ndng do khi CO2 bang thiet bi do nhanh ndng do CO2 trong khdng khi cua hang
BACHARACH (My) khoang do 0-10000 ppm, do phan giai 10 ppm
Do ndng do khi H2S theo tieu chuan nganh 10 TCN 676-2006 "Quy trinh xdc dinh khi hydrosunfua trong khdng khi ehudng nudi" May bam lay mau khi SKC Universal PCXR4
(hinh 2) dugc sir dung a tdc do hiit 1 lit/phut Dung dich hap thu la cadimi hydroxit
Trang 4VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hoc Cong nghe Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011
Hinh 2 Thiet bi liy mlu khi SKD PCXR4 Sau khi hien mau bing phan iing vdi N, N-dimetyl-p-phenylendiamin sunfiia va clorua Fe(III), dung dich dugc do quang tren may DR 2500 (HACH-My) dr buac sdng 670nm Do
ndng do khi NH3 theo tieu chuin nganh 10 TCN 677-2006 "Quy trinh xdc dinh khi amoniac
trong khdng khi ehudng nudi" May bom liy mau khi SKC Universal PCXR4 dugc su dimg
a toe do hilt llit/phiit Dung dich hip thu la H2SO4 0,1 N Sau khi hien mau bing thudc thir
salicylat va hypoclorit cimg natri nitroprusside dung dich dugc do quang dr buac sdng 630 nm tren may do DR 2500 (HACH-My)
Xdc dinh ty le nhiem vi khudn, ky sinh trung: Mdi phuang phap dugc lay 5 mau phan lgn
truac khi xir ly va 5 mau phan sau xir ly, xac dinh E.coli (theo ISO 16649:2001), Salmonella
{theo ISO 6579:2003) va sd lugng tning ki sinh triing (KST) tren lg phan bang phuomg
phap Mcmaster
Xir ly nu&c thdi trong chdn nudi Ipti trang trgi tap trung: bang vi sinh vat va cay thuy sinh
(Beo luc binh - Eichhomia crassipes)
Bd tri thi nghiem xu ly nudc thai
Sd lgn cd mat thudmg xuyen
The tich ao xir ly (m'')
The tich nuac thai x/ly/dgt m^
Ngay theo ddi/dgt
Sd lan lap lai
Ld 1:
Trudc xu
350
3600
250
15
3
Xir thu
ly
ly bang EM reap
Sau xir ly
350
3600
250
15
3
Ld2:
Truac xu
2000
16000
5000
30
3
Xir ly bang cay thuy sinh
ly Sau xir ly
2000
16000
5000
30
3
Xic ly bdng EM thu cdp: Sir dung EM thii cap xir ly nuac thai chan nudi lgn chiia trong hd
chiia theo ty le EM thii cap/nuac thai la l%o Trong thdi gian thuc hien thi nghiem, nuac thai chay thudmg xuyen vao hd dugc cap EM thii cap lien tuc ciing nuac thai theo ty le EM thii cap/nuac thai la l%o • • '
Trang 5TRTNH QUANG TUYEN - Mot so gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nuoc thdi
Xic ly bdng cdy thuy sinh: Chuan bi hd sinh hgc trudc khi lam thi nghiem: Nudc thai chira
trong hd dugc tha beo luc binh vdi dien tich beo luc binh chiem 75% dien tich mat hd Sau 15 ngay, beo phat trien va tien hanh thuc hien thi nghiem
Mau nudc thai dugc lay phan tich trudc va sau khi xii ly
Phuang phdp xdc dinh cdc chi tieu:
Xdc dinh COD: Xac dinh COD trong nudc thai theo phuomg phap d xy hoa nudc thai bang
dichromate tren thiet bi gia nhiet a 150*'C trong vdng 2 gid Thiet bi gia nhiet DRB200(HACH) trinh bay tren hinh 3 da dugc dimg Phuang phap nay ciia hang HACH (My) da dugc Co quan bao ve mdi trudmg My (US EPA) cho phep sir dung de phan tich nudc
thai Sau khi dl ngudi, dung dich dugc do quang tren may DR 2500 (HACH-My) Khoang do
ham lugng COD nam trong khoang tir 50 den 1500mg/l
Hinh 3 Thiet bj gia nhi?t d6 phan tich COD DRB200
Xdc dinh BOD5: Phuomg phap xac djnh nhu cau d xy sinh hoa 5 ngay tren thiet bi BODTrak II
(HACH) da dugc sir dung Vai su dn dinh nhiet do tu ddng, lien tuc dgc sd lieu va tu ddng tat, thiet bi do BODTrak II tien hanh khuay deu mau nudc thai trong cac chai BOD da dugc cho hda chat tu tiii chat dem dinh duomg BOD cung cap san ciia Hach Ndi cac chai vdi cam bien
ap suat cua thiet bi, chgn mdt trong bdn miic (0 den 35 mg/L, 0 den 70 mg/L, 0 den 350 mg/L
or 0 den 700 mg/L), va ii d 20V Cd the chgn thdi gian do 5, 7 hay 10 ngay Gia tri BOD5 dugc dgc sau khi ii trong tii dn dinh nhiet do tai 20°C trong 5 ngay
Xdc dinh NOf Ndng do NO3" trong nudc thai xac dinh bang phuang phap do quang tren thiet
bj DR 2500 (HACH) sau khi hien mau bang thudc thir dac hieu Nitra* Ver 5 Khoang ndng do xac djnh tir 0,5 den 50 mg/l Neu nudc thai cd ndng do NO3" cao hom, can phai pha loang den ndng do thich hgp
Xdc dinh NO2 Ndng do NO2" trong nudc thai xac dinh bang phuang phap do quang tren thiet
bj DR 2500 (HACH) sau khi hien mau bang thudc thir dac hieu Nitri* Ver 3 Khoang ndng do xac dinh tir 0,002 den 0,3 mg/l Neu nudc thai cd ndng do NO2" cao hom, can phai pha loang
den ndng do thich hgp
Xdc dinh P tdng so: Xac djnh P tdng so theo phuang phap cua hang HACH (My) da dugc co
quan bao ve mdi trudmg My chap nhan de xac dinh P trong nudc thai Phosphat cd mat d dang hiiu co hoac a cac dang hiru co lien ket khac (meta-, pyro-hoac polyphosphat) se bj
Trang 6VIEN C H A N N U O I - Tgp chi Khoa hoc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - S6 28-Thang 02 - 2011
chuyin thanh orthophosphate truac khi phan tich Mau dugc chuyen thanh mdi trudmg a xit va
xir ly nhiet vdi su cd mat cua persulfat Sau dd phan tich ndng do orthophosphate bang thudc
thir dac hieu PhosVer 3 Phuomg phap cho phep xac dinh nong do P trong khoang 0,2 den 30
mg P/1
Xdc dinh tdng Coliform: Tong Coliform dugc xac dinh theo tieu chuin Viet Nam TCVN
6625:2000 (ISO 9696-1992) theo phuomg phap ciy tren dia thach
Xdc dinh tricng giun sdn: Theo phuang phap Mcmaster
Xdy dung mo hinh chdn nuoi lan trang trgi dp dung cdc gidi phdp xu ly phdn vd nu&c
thdi
Bd tri xay dung cac md hinh , - , Ndi dung Md hinh I Md hinh II Md hinh III
img dung (Tir 30 din < 100 lgn nai) (Tiri 00 den <200 lgn nai) (>200 lgn nai)
So md 01 01 01 01 01 01
hinh :'
Xir ly Hd sinh hgc Hd sinh hgc Hd sinh Hd sinh hgc Hd sinh hgc Hd sinh
nuac thai Cay thiiy Vi sinh vat hgc Vi sinh Cay thiiy Cay thuy hgc.Vi sinh
sinh (Beo vat sinh (Beo sinh (Beo vat
luc binh) luc binh) luc binh)
Xirly Uphan VAC (U U phan VAC (U U phan U phan
phan lgn bang cdng phan bang bang cdng phan bang bang cdng bang cdng
nghe vi sinh cdng nghe vi nghe vi sinh cdng nghe vi nghe vi sinh nghe vi
sinh sau dd sinh sau dd sinh
sir dung cho sir dung cho vudm cay va vudm cay va ' • ;V
ao ca) ao ca) V« , i Dia diem Ha Tay (cii) Ha Tay (cii) Thai Binh Ha Tay (cii) Ha Ndi Ninh Binh
Cac md hinh deu dugc trien khai tren gidng lgn ngoai, nudi theo quy trinh chan nudi va ve
sinh thii y ciia Trung tam Nghien ciiu lgn Thuy Phuang, diing thiic an hon hgp hoan chinh
Cdc chi tieu theo ddi a md hinh '
Cac chi tieu ve nang suat: Nang suat sinh san: Sd con de nudi, sd con cai siia, khdi lugng cai
sira, ty le hao hut gia doan theo me, sd con sau cai sira, tang khdi lugmg/ngay, khdi lugng thiic
an an vao, tieu tdn thiic an/kg tang khdi lugng, ty le hao hut Chi tieu mdi truang: Cac chi tieu
dugc danh gia truac va sau khi da ap dung phuang phap xir ly: Nuac thai chan nudi: COD,
BOD5, NO3', NO2', P tdng sd, Coliform, Tning giun san Chi tieu vl hieu qua kinh tl: Ty suit
lgi nhuan
Xir ly so lieu: Xir ly sd lieu bang phan mem MINITAB version 14
.ifi
Trang 7TRJNH QUANG TUYEN - Mgt so gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nuac thai
KET QUA VA THAO LUAN Thi nghiem xir ly phan va nuo'c thai trong chan nuoi lgn trang trai tap trung
Thi nghiem xur ly phdn trong chdn nudi lan trang trgi tap trung
Kit qua theo ddi nhiet do cac Id thi nghiem cho thay: Nhiet do ciia ddng ii phari d ca 4 Id thi nghiem deu tang len sau khi ii, nhiet do tang cao nhat sau khi ii 6 ngay tai Id u bang che pham
EM Bokashi (62,8''C), nhiet do tang thip nhit sau khi ii 14 ngay d Id u bang phuomg phap truyln thdng (50,0°C) Ld xir ly bing chl phim EM thii cap nhiet do tang cao nhat sau khi ii 6 ngay (56,8°C) va xir ly bang chl phim Compos maker, nhiet do tang cao nhat 51,8 C sau khi
il 8 ngay Thdi gian xir ly ciia cac Id xir ly phan bang che pham EM thii cap va che pham EM Bokashi ngan nhat (14 ngay), tiep den la xir ly bang che pham Compos maker (30 ngay), thdi gian xir ly cua phuomg phap truyen thdng la dai nhat (45 ngay) Ket qua theo ddi nhiet do cua
4 Id xir ly phan lgn dugc the hien tai Dd thi 1
'S^T
-»- EM thif cAp
-m- EM Bokashi
- Compost maker Truyln thdng
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 IS 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 41 43 45
Ngdy u
Do thi 1: Ket qua theo doi nhif t dp eiia 4 16 xii Iy phan Igm
Do thi 1 cho thay, dudmg dd thi bieu thi nhiet do ciia Id ii bang che pham EM Bokashi cao nhat, tiep den Id ii bang che pham EM thir cap Thap nhat la dudng dd thi bieu thi nhiet do cua
Id il bang phuang phap truyen thdng Cac phuang phap xir ly phan lgn deu cho nhiet do tang len trong ddng ii, khi so sanh vdi phuang phap xir ly ciia Vd Thi Hanh va cs (2004) thi ket qua tang nhiet do cua chung tdi thap hom do sir dung che pham khac nhau, thdi gian thi nghiem khac nhau nen mire do tang nhiet do ciing khac nhau
Ket qua xac dinh kha nang diet khuan ciia cac Id xir ly phan lgn dugc the hien tai Bang 1
Bang 1 Ket qua xac dinh vi khuan, ky sinh triing Chi tieu phan tich
E.coli {cinlgx 10^)
Salmonella
Tning giun san
(sd trimg/lg phan)
Phan chua xir ly (n=5) 4,2
Am tinh
400
EM thii cap (n=5)
Am tinh
Am tinh
Am tinh
EM Bokashi (n=
Am tinh
Am tinh
Am tinh
5)
Compost maker(n = 5)
Am tinh
Am tinh
Am tinh
Truyen thdng(n=5)
Am tinh
Am tinh
Am tinh
Trang 8VIEN C H A N NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hoc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011
Bang 1 cho thiy, phan lgn truac khi xur ly cdn mdt sd mam benh nhu E.coli, tning giun san Sau khi xir ly toan bd cac Id diu cho thiy: Cac vi khuin E.coli, tning ky sinh triing bi tieu
diet Nhu vay qua cac phuomg phap xir ly, cac mam benh thudmg gap a phan lgn tuoi bi tieu diet Kit qua Bang 1 cung phii hgp vdi kit qua nghien ciiu truac day cua Trinh Quang Tuyen
va cs (2008), khi xir ly phan lgn bing chl phim EM thii cip, EM Bokashi va Compost maker,
sau khi xir Iy mdt so mim benh (E.coli, tning giun san) ciing bi tieu diet hoan toan
Kit qua xac dinh ham lugng mdt sd khi dde cua phan lgn truac va sau xir ly dugc the hien tai Bang 2
Bang 2 Kit qua xac dinh ham lugng khi dgc cua phan lgn truac va sau khi xii ly
Chi tieu
phan tich
NH3
(mg/m^)
H2S
(mg/m^)
C02(%)
r
EM thir cap Trudc
xir ly
Mean±SE
(n=5)
2,87
±0,11
0,19
±0,011
0,083
±0,003
Sau xii ly Mean±SE (n=5) 0,75
±0,01 0,07
± 0,003 0,038
±0,001
EM Bokashi Trudc
xir ly Mean±SE (n=5) 2,58
±0,14 0,16
±0,0071 0,086
± 0,003
Sau xir ly Mean±SE (n=5) 0,65
±0,019 0,07
± 0,005 0,039
±0,001
Compostmaker Trudc
xir ly Mean±SE (n=5) 2,78
±0,12 0,18
± 0,009 0,093
± 0,002
Sau xii ly Mean±SE (n=5) 0,7
±0,02 0,08
± 0,004 0,040
± 0,001
Truyen thong Trudc Sau xOr ly xir Iy Mean±SE Mean±SE (n=5) (n=5) 2,76 1,56
±0,13 ±0,05 0,20 0,13
±0,012 ± 0,003 0,082 0,056
± 0,003 ± 0,002
Mice cho phep khi dgc tgi ehudng nuoi vai NH3: 0,2 mg/m' (TCVN 5938/95), H2S: 0,08 mg/m' (TCVN 5937/95), CO2: 1,0% (505 Bgy ti QD)
Bang 2 cho thay, ham lugng khi NH3, H2S, CO2 tai 4 Id thi nghiem deu giam dang ke NH3 giam nhieu nhat (giam 1,8 den 4,0 lan), H2S giam tir 1,6 den 2,6 lan, CO2 giam tir 1,5 den 2,2 lan Chua cd tieu chuan ve khi dgc cho noi xir ly phan, nhung khi so vdi miic khi dgc tai ehudng nudi theo TCVN thi cac khi dde tai noi xir ly phan cd ham lugng NH3 cdn cao han mirc cho phep, ham lugng khi H2S va CO2 deu thap hom nhieu so vai miic cho phep Mac du phan hiiu ca van cdn mdt sd khi dde nhung a miic rat thap, a mure nay thi con ngudi khdng cam nhan dugc miii hdi, neu dem bdn phan cho cay trdng thi khdng cdn anh huong cua miii hdi cho con ngudi
Cac phuomg phap xir ly phan lgn bang EM thii cap, EM Bokashi, Compostmaker va phuang phap truyen thdng deu cd tac dung xii ly phan lgn thanh phan hiiu ca khdng cdn miii hdi thdi, diet dugc mdt sd mam benh thudmg gap trong phan lgn tuoi Trong dd cdng nghe sir dung chl pham EM thii cap la dom gian, cd thdi gian xir ly nhanh, de lam nhit phii hgp voi cac trang trai chan nudi lgn tap trung Vi vay chiing tdi lira chgn phuomg phap xir ly phan lgn bing EM thii cap de xir ly phan lgn cho viec xay dung cacmd hinh d ndi dung tilp theo ciia dl tai
Thi nghiem xu ly nu&c thdi trong chdn nuoi lan trang trgi tap trung
Thi nghiem xic ly nuac thdi bdng dung dich EM thic cdp: Nuac thai chan nudi lgn sau
biogas dugc chay vao hd dem dugc xir ly bang EM thii cap D I danh gia hieu suit xir ly nuac thai chan nudi lgn cua EM, nuac thai dugc lay mau trudc va sau khi xir ly dl phan tich mgt sd chi tieu sinh hoa va vi sinh vat gay d nhiem mdi trudng Kit qua xvr ly nudc thai chan nudi lgn bang phuang phap vi sinh vat (EM thii cip) qua cac chi tieu sinh hoa the hien qua Bang 3
Trang 9TRTNH QUANG TUYEN - Mgt so gidi phdp xir ly phdn vd nuac thai
Bang 3 Ket qua xir ly nudc thai bang EM thii cap Chi tieu
COD
BOD5 •
NO2'
N03'
P tdng sd
Dan
vi mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l mg/l
Truac xir ly Mean±SE (n=20) 732,9±43,1 341,7±15,I2 2,64±0,27 226,7±16,3I 42,7±3,51
Sau xir ly Mean±SE(n=
137,1±13,9 59,1±3,63 0,027±0,001 59,3±8,74 8,5±I,19
Hieu suat xir
=20) ly(%) 81,3 82,7 98,9 73,8 80,1
Gidi han (cdt B TCN 678-2006)
400
300
-150
20 Bang 3 cho thay, nudrc thai chan nudi lgn sau biogas dugc chay vao hd dem dugc xir ly bang EM thir cap da giam dugc cac thanh phan gay nhiem: COD giam tir 732,9 mg/l trudc khi xir ly xudng 137,1 mg/l sau khi xir ly, tuomg tu BOD5 giam tir 341,7 mg/l xudng 59,1 mg/l; NO3 giam tir 226,7 mg/l xudng 59,3 mg/l; tdng P giam tir 42,7 mg/l xudng 8,5 mg/l Ket qua cac chi tieu phan tich sau khi xir ly cho thay deu khdng vugt qua gidi han cho phep ciia nudc thai cdt B cua TCN 678-2006
Hieu suat xir ly nuac thai chan nudi lgn vdi cac chi tieu phan tich tir 73,8 den 98,9%) Ket qua nghien ciiu cua Bach Manh Dieu va cs (2007) khi xir ly nudc thai ciia ca sa giet md va che bien san pham chan nudi bang EM thii cap cho thay: COD sau khi xir ly da giam 89,9%, BOD5 giam 92,3%), P tdng sd giam 94,4%).Ket qua xir ly vi sinh vat cua nudc thai chan nudi lgn bang EM thiir cap qua cac chi tieu vi sinh vat dugc the hien tai Bang 4
Bang 4 Ket qua xir ly vi sinh vat bang EM thii cap Chi tieu Don vj Truac xOr Iy Sau xir Iy Hi?u suat Gidi h^n (cpt B
Mean±SE (n=20) Mean±SE (n=20) xOr ly (%) TCN 678-2006) Coliform cfu/ml 7,36.10'±0,637 0,596.10'± 0,047 9^9 5 lO'
Trirng giun Trimg 0 0
-san
Ket qua tai Bang 4 cho thay, nudc thai chan nudi lgn sau khi dugc xir ly bang biogas dugc chay vao hd dem dugc xir ly bang EM thir cap da giam, dugc cac chi tieu vi sinh vat, tning giun san nhu: Coliform giam tu 7,36.10^ cfii/ml trudc khi xir ly xudng 0,596.10^ cfu/ml sau khi xu ly Hieu suat xir ly cua chi tieu coliform dat tdi 91,9% Tning giun san khdng tim thay dr nudc thai trudc va sau xir ly Ket qua chi tieu vi sinh sau xir ly deu nam trong gidi han cho phep ciia nudc thai cdt B cua TCN 678-2006
Xu ly nudc thdi bdng cdy thiiy sinh (beo luc binh - Eichhomia crassipes)
Bang 5 Ket qua xir ly nuac thai bang beo luc binh Chi tieu
COD
BOD5
NO2
NO3
P tong so
Dom
V!
Mg/l Mg/l
Mg/l
Mg/I
Mg/l
Trudc xir ly Mean±SE (n=20) 767,7 ±45,2 372,2 ±29,1 8,65 ±0,17 228,9 ± 13,52 38,1 ±2,94
Sau xir ly Mean±SE(n=20) 247,0 ± 12,5 115,0 ±2,59 0,028 ± 0,002 102,2 ±8,45 13,2 ±2,53
Hi?u suat xii ly(%) 67,8
69,1
99,6
55,4
65,4
Gidi han (cQt B TCN 678-2006)
400
300
-150
20
Trang 10VIEN CHAN NUOI - Tgp chi Khoa hoc Cong nghi Chdn nuoi - So 28-Thang 02 - 2011
Nudc thai chan nudi lgn sau biogas dugc chay vao ho dem dugc xir ly bing beo luc binh
D I danh gia hieu suit xir ly nuac thai chan nudi lgn ciia beo luc binh, nuac thai dugc lay mau truac va sau khi xir ly dl phan tich mdt so chi tieu sinh hoa va vi sinh vat gay d nhiem mdi trudmg Kit qua xii ly nuac thai chan nudi lgn bing beo luc binh dugc thi hien qua cac chi tieu sinh hoa tai Bang 5
Kit qua tai Bang 5 cho thiy, nuac thai chan nudi lgn sau khi dugc xii ly bang biogas dugc chay vao hd dem dugc xir ly bing beo luc binh lam giam dugc mgt sd thanh phan gay nhiem nhu: COD giam tir 767,7 mg/l truac khi xir ly xudng 247,0 mg/l sau khi xir ly, tuomg tu BOD5 giam tir 372,2 mg/l xuong 115,0 mg/l; NO2" giam tir 8,65 mg/l xuong 0,028 mg/l; NO3" giam tir 228,9 mg/l xudng 102,2 mg/l; tdng P giam tir 38,1 mg/l xuong 13,2 mg/l Kit qua cac chi tieu phan tich sau xii ly cho thiy cac chi tieu phan tich deu nam trong gidi han cho phep ciia nuac thai cdt B ciia TCN 678-2006
Bang 6 Ket qua xir ly vi sinh vat cua nuac thai bang beo luc binh
Chi tieu Dom vj Trudc xir ly Sau xir ly Hieu suat xii Gidi han (cgt B
Mean±SE (n=20) Mean±SE (n=20) ly (%) TCN 678-2006)
Coliform cfli/ml 6,91.10'± 0,655 1,91.10'± 0,249 12A 5 10^
Tning giun san tning 0 0 -_ ^^
Xet hieu suit xir ly nuac thai bing beo luc binh cho thay: NO2' cd hieu suat xir ly cao nhat (99,6%), thip nhit la NO3" (55,4%)) COD; BOD5 va P tdng sd hieu suit xir ly tuomg ling 67,8%; 69,1%) va 65,4%) Khi so sanh 2 phuomg phap xir ly nuac thai chan nudi la sir dung
EM thii cap va beo luc binh cho thay hieu qua xii ly nuac thai vdi cac chi tieu nhu COD, BOD5, NO3', P tdng sd thi khi xir ly bang EM thii cap tdt hom beo luc binh Ket qua xir ly nudrc thai chan nudi lgn bang beo luc binh dugc the hien qua chi tieu vi sinh vat tai Bang 6 Ket qua tai Bang 6 cho thay: Nuac thai ciia ehudng nudi sau khi dugc xir ly bang biogas dugc chay vao hd dem dugc xir ly bang cay thiiy sinh da giam dugc cac chi tieu vi sinh vat, tning giun san nhu: Coliform giam tir 6,91.10^ cfu/ml truac khi xir ly xudng 1,91.10^ cfu/ml sau khi
xir ly, hieu suat xir ly dat 72,4%) Tning giun san khdng tim thay a nuac thai truac va sau xir
ly Ket qua chi tieu vi sinh sau xir ly deu nam trong gidi han cho phep cua nuac thai cdt B ciia TCN 678-2006 Khi so sanh 2 phuomg phap xir ly nudc thai chan nudi la sir dung EM thii cip
va beo luc binh vdi cac chi tieu Vi sinh vat thi khi sir dung EM thii cap cho hieu qua xir ly tdt hom sir dimg cay thiiy sinh Danh gia chung cac phuomg phap xir ly nuac thai chan nudi: Sir dung EM thii cap de xir ly nuac thai chan nudi tdt hom beo luc binh nhung xir ly nuac thai bang beo luc binh de lam, dau tu thap, phu hgp vdi viing sau, vung xa chua cd dilu kien tilp can vdi che pham sinh hgc
Ket qua xay dung mo hinh chan nuoi Ion ap dung cac giai phap x\r ly phan va niro'c thai
Kit qud xir ly phdn lan tgi cdc md hinh chdn nudi:
Kit qud khdi luang phdn duac xic ly trong cdc md hinh:
Phan lgn thai ra la ngudn gay d nhiem mdi trudmg khdng chi a khu vuc chan nudi ma cdn gay
d nhilm tren dudmg van chuyen va noi sir dung phan (bdn cho cay trdng hoac sir dung cho nudi thuy san), vi vay viec xir ly phan lgn thai ra tai khu vuc chan nudi dl giam thiiu d nhiem mdi trudmg la rat can thiet Sau khi thuc hien cac thi nghiem xir ly phan lgn bing EM thii cip,
EM Bokashi, Compost maker va phuang phap truyen thdng, chiing tdi da lira chgn dugc phuang phap xir ly phii hgp cho cac trang trai hien nay la sir dimg EM thir cip Cac md hinh